AU2018232978B2 - Foaming of set-delayed cement compositions comprising pumice and hydrated lime - Google Patents
Foaming of set-delayed cement compositions comprising pumice and hydrated lime Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2018232978B2 AU2018232978B2 AU2018232978A AU2018232978A AU2018232978B2 AU 2018232978 B2 AU2018232978 B2 AU 2018232978B2 AU 2018232978 A AU2018232978 A AU 2018232978A AU 2018232978 A AU2018232978 A AU 2018232978A AU 2018232978 B2 AU2018232978 B2 AU 2018232978B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- delayed cement
- cement composition
- delayed
- foamed
- pumice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 alkene dimethyl amine oxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003007 phosphonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- JNGWKQJZIUZUPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(dodecanoylamino)propyl](hydroxy)dimethylammonium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] JNGWKQJZIUZUPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003090 carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940042400 direct acting antivirals phosphonic acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide-acrylic acid resin Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006890 Erythroxylum coca Species 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008957 cocaer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- YIBPLYRWHCQZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;propan-2-one Chemical class O=C.CC(C)=O YIBPLYRWHCQZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PYUBPZNJWXUSID-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecapotassium;pentaborate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] PYUBPZNJWXUSID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UGTZMIPZNRIWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium trimetaphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P1(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)O1 UGTZMIPZNRIWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc formate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C=O SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/14—Minerals of vulcanic origin
- C04B14/16—Minerals of vulcanic origin porous, e.g. pumice
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/06—Oxides, Hydroxides
- C04B22/062—Oxides, Hydroxides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals
- C04B22/064—Oxides, Hydroxides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals of the alkaline-earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
- C04B28/12—Hydraulic lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0658—Retarder inhibited mortars activated by the addition of accelerators or retarder-neutralising agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
- C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
- C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
- C09K8/473—Density reducing additives, e.g. for obtaining foamed cement compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/20—Retarders
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Abstract
A variety of methods and compositions are disclosed, including, in one embodiment a method of cementing in a subterranean formation comprising: providing a set-delayed cement composition comprising water, pumice, hydrated lime, and a set retarder; foaming the set delayed cement composition; activating the so set-delayed cement composition; introducing the set-delayed cement composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the set delayed cement composition to set in the subterranean formation. Additional methods, foamed set-delayed cement composition, and systems for cementing are also provided.
Description
FOAMING OF SET-DELAYED CEMENT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING PUMICE AND HYDRATED LIME
BACKGROUND
The present application is a divisional application from Australian patent application 5 no. 2016222404, filed on 31 August 2016, which is itself a divisional application from Australian patent application no. 2014317923, filed on 8 September 2014, which claims priority to and the benefit from US 14/032,734, filed on 20 September 2013, and US 61/875,410, filed on 9 Sepember 2013, the entire contents of which are to be taken as incorporated herein by this reference.
.0 [0001] Cement compositions may be used in a variety of subterranean operations.
For example, in subterranean well construction, a pipe string (e.g., casing, liners, expandable tubulars, etc.) may be run into a wellbore and cemented in place. The process of cementing the pipe string in place is commonly referred to as primary cementing. In a typical primary cementing method, a cement composition may be pumped into an annulus between the walls .5 of the wellbore and the exterior surface of the pipe string disposed therein. The cement composition may set in the annular space, thereby forming an annular sheath of hardened, substantially impermeable cement (i.e., a cement sheath) that may support arid position the pipe string in the wellbore and may bond the exterior surface of the pipe string to the subterranean formation. Among other things, the cement sheath surrounding the pipe string Ό functions to prevent the migration of fluids in the annulus, as well as protecting the pipe string from corrosion. Cement compositions also may be used in remedial cementing methods, for example, to seal cracks or holes in pipe strings or cement sheaths, to seal highly permeable formation zones or fractures, to place a cement plug, and the like.
[0002] A broad variety of cement compositions have been used in subterranean 25 cementing operations. In some instances, set-delayed cement compositions have been used.
Set-delayed cement compositions are characterized by remaining in a pumpable fluid state for at least about one day (e.g. at least about 7 days, about 2 weeks, about 2 years or more) at room temperature (e.g. about 80° F) in quiescent storage. When desired for use, the setdelayed cement compositions should be capable of being activated whereby reasonable 30 compressive strengths are developed. For example, a cement set accelerator may be added to a set-delayed cement composition whereby the composition sets into a hardened mass. Among other things, the set-delayed cement composition may be suitable for use in wellbore
2018232978 23 Jan 2020 applications, for example, where it is desired to prepare the cement composition in advance. This may allow, for example, the cement composition to be stored prior to its use, In addition, this may allow, for example, the cement composition to be prepared at a convenient location and then transported to the job site. Accordingly, capital expenditures may be reduced due to 5 a reduction in the need for on-site bulk storage and mixing equipment. This may be particularly useful for offshore cementing operations where space onboard the vessels may be limited.
[0003] While set-delayed cement compositions have been developed heretofore, challenges exist with their successful use in subterranean cementing operations. For example, .0 set-delayed cement compositions prepared with Portland cement may have undesired gelation issues which can limit their use and effectiveness in cementing operations. Other set-delayed compositions that have been developed, for example, those comprising hydrated lime and quartz, ma he effective in some operations but may have limited use at lower temperatures as they may not develop sufficient compressive strength when used in subterranean formations .5 having lower bottom hole static temperatures.
[0003a] The above discussion of background art is included to explain the context of the present invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any of the documents or other material referred to was published, known or part of the common general knowledge in Australia at the priority date of any one of the claims of this specification.
SUMMARY [0003b] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a foamed set-delayed cement composition comprising: water, pumice, hydrated lime, a foaming additive, entrained gas, and a set retarder, wherein the set retarder comprises a phosphonic acid derivative that is present in the set-delayed composition in an amount in the range from 25 about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the pumice.
2018232978 20 Sep 2018
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0001] These drawings illustrate certain aspects of some of the embodiments of the present method, and should not be used to limit or define the method.
[0002] FIG. 1 illustrates a system lot preparation and delivery of a Set-delayed 5cemeni composition to a wellbore in accordance with certain embodiments.
[0003] FIG. 2A illustrates surface equipment that may be used in placement of a setdelayed cement composition in a wellbore in accordance with certain embodiments.
[0004] FIG. 2B illustrates placement of a set-delayed cement composition into a wellbore annulus in accordance with certain embodiments.
2018232978 20 Sep 2018
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0005] The example embodiments relate to subterranean cementing operations and, more particularly, in certain embodiments, to set-delayed cement compositions and methods of using set-delayed cement compositions in subterranean formations.
[0006] Embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may generally comprise water, pumice, hydrated lime, and a set retarder. Optionally, the set-delayed cement compositions may further comprise a dispersant. Embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may be foamed. Advantageously, embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may be capable of remaining in a pumpable fluid state for an extended 10 period of time. For example, the set-delayed cement compositions may remain in a pumpable fluid state lor at least about I day, about 2 weeks, about 2 years, or longer. Advantageously, the set-delayed cement compositions may develop reasonable compressive strengths after activation at relatively low temperatures. While the set-delayed cement compositions may be suitable for a number of subterranean cementing operations, they may15 be particularly suitable for use in subterranean formations having relatively low bottom hole static temperatures, e.g., temperatures less than about 200°F or ranging from about 100cF to about 200Ί\ In alternative embodiments, the set-delayed cement compositions may be used in subterranean formations having bottom hole static temperatures up to 450“!·' or higher.
[0007] The water used in embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may20 be from any source provided that it does not contain an excess of compounds that may undesirably affect other components in the set-delayed cement compositions, for example, a set-delayed cement composition may comprise fresh water or salt water. Salt water generally may include one or more dissolved salts therein and may be saturated or unsaturated as desired for a particular application. Seawater or brines may be suitable for 25 use in embodiments. Further, the water may be present in an amount sufficient to form a pumpable slurry. In certain embodiments, the water may be present m the set-delayed cement composition in an amount in the range of from about 33% to about 200% by weight of the pumice. In certain embodiments, the water may be present in the set-delayed cement compositions in an amount in the range of from about 35% to about 70% by weight ot the 30 pumice. One of ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure will recognize the appropriate amount of water for a chosen application.
[0008] Embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may comprise pumice. Generally, pumice is a volcanic rock that can exhibit cementitious properties in (hat. it may set and harden in the presence of hydrated lime and water. The pumice may also be ground. 35 Generally, the pumice may have any particle size distribution as desired for a particular
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 application. In certain embodiments, the pumice may have a mean particle size in a range of from about 1 micron to about 200 microns. The mean particle size corresponds to d50 values as measured by particle size analyzers such as those manufactured by Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, United Kingdom. In specific embodiments, the pumice may have a mean particle size in a range of from about I micron to about 200 microns, from about 5 microns to about 100 microns, or from about 10 microns to about 50 microns. In one particular embodiment, the pumice may have a mean particle size of less than about 15 microns. An example of a suitable pumice is available from Hess Pumice Products, Inc., Malad, Idaho, as DS-325 lightweight aggregate, having a particle size of less than about 15 microns. It should be appreciated that particle sizes too small may have mixability problems while particle sizes too large may not be effectively suspended in the compositions. One of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, should be able to select a particle size for the pumice suitable lor a chosen application.
[0009] Embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may comprise hydrated lime. As used herein, the term “hydrated lime” will be understood to mean calcium hydroxide, in some embodiments, the hydrated lime may be provided as quicklime (calcium oxide) which hydrates when mixed with water to form the hydrated lime. The hydrated lime may be included in embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions, for example, to form a hydraulic composition with the pumice. For example, the hydrated lime may be included in a pumiee-to~hydrated~lime weight ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:1 or 3:1 to about 5:1. Where present, the hydrated lime may be included in the set-delayed cement compositions in an amount in the range of from about 10% to about 100% by weight of the pumice, for example. In some embodiments, the hydrated lime may be present in an amount ranging between any of and/or including any of about 10%, about 20%, about 40%, about 60%, about 80%, or about 100% by weight of the pumice. In some embodiments, the cementitious components present in the set-delayed cement composition may consist essentially of the pumice and the hydrated lime. For example, the cementitious components may primarily comprise the pumice and the hydrated lime without any additional components (e.g., Portland cement, fly ash, slag cement) that hydraulically set in the presence of water. One of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, will recognize the appropriate amount of the hydrated lime to include for a chosen application.
[0010] Embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may comprise a set retarder. A broad variety of set retarders may be suitable for use in the set-delayed cement compositions. For example, the set retarder may comprise pbosphonic acids, such as ethylenediamine tetratmethylene phosphonic acid), diethylenetriamine pentafmethylene
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 phosphonic acid), etc.; lignosulfonates, such as sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignostilfonate, etc.; salts such as stannous sulfate, lead acetate·, monobasic calcium phosphate, organic acids, such as citric acid, tartaric acid, etc.: cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC) and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHRC);
synthetic co- or ter-polymcrs comprising sulfonate and carboxylic acid groups such as sulfonate-functionalized acrylamide-acrylic acid eo-polymeis; borate compounds such as alkali borates, sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, potassium pentaborate; derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable set retarders include, among others, phosphonic acid derivatives. One example of a suitable set retarder is Micro Matrix* cement retarder, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Generally, the set retarder may be present in the set-delayed cement compositions in an amount sufficient to delay the setting for a desired time. In some embodiments, the set retarder may be present in the set-delayed cement compositions in an amount in the range of from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the pumice. In specific embodiments, the set retarder may be present in an amount ranging between any of and/or including any of about 0.01%, about 0.1%, about 1%. about '2%, about 4%, about 6%, about 8%, or about 10% by weight of the pumice. One of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, will recognize the appropriate amount of the set retarder to include for a chosen application.
[0011] As previously mentioned, embodiments of the set-delayed cement 20 compositions may optionally comprise a dispersant. Examples of suitable dispersants include, without limitation, sulfonated-formaldehyde-based dispersants (e.g., sulfonated acetone formaldehyde condensate), examples of which may include Daxad 19 available from Geo Specialty Chemicals, Ambler. Pennsylvania. Other suitable dispersants may be polycarboxylated ether dispersants such as LiquimenE 558 IF and Liquimenf’ 5141.
available from BASF Corporation Houston, Texas; or Ethacryl G available from Coatex, Genay, France, An additional example of a suitable commercially available dispersant is CFR’ -3 dispersant, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc, Houston, Texas. Of particular importance in regards to the examples that follow, is that the Liquimenf*' 5141.. dispersant comprises 36% by weight of the polycarboxylated ether in water. While a variety 30 of dispersants may be used in accordance with embodiments, polycarboxylated ether dispersants may be particularly suitable for use in some embodiments. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that polycarboxylated ether dispersants may synergistically interact with other components of the set-delayed cement composition. For example, it is believed that the polycarboxylated ether dispersants may react with certain set retarders (e.g..
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 phosphonic acid derivatives) resulting in formation of a gel that suspends the pumice and hydrated lime in the composition for an extended period of time.
[0012j In some embodiments, the dispersant may be included in the set-delayed cement compositions in an amount tn the range of from about 0,01% to about 5% by weight 5 of the pumice. In specific embodiments, the dispersant may be present in an amount ranging between any of and/or including any of about 0.01%. about 0.1%, 0.5%. about 1%, about 2%, about 3%. about 4%, or about 5% by weight of the pumice. One of ordinary skill in the an, with the benefit of this disclosure, will recognize the appropriate amount of the dispersant to include for a chosen application.
[0013] Embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may comprise a mechanical property enhancing additive. Mechanical-property-enhancing additives may be included in embodiments of the set-delayed compositions to, for example, ensure adequate compressive strength and long-term structural integrity. These properties can be affected by the strains, stresses, temperature, pressure, and impact effects from a subterranean 15 environment, Examples of mechanical property enhancing additives include fibers, such as graphitic carbon fibers, glass fibers, steel fibers, mineral fibers, silica fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide, fibers, and polyolefin fibers, among others. Specific examples of graphitic carbon fibers include fibers derived from polyacrylonitrile, rayon, and petroleum pitch. Where used, the mechanical-property-enhancing additives may be present in an amount from about 0.01 % 20 to about 5% by weight of the pumice. In specific embodiments, the mechanical-propertyenhancing additives may be present in an amount ranging between any of and/or including any of about 0.01%, about 0.1%, 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, or about 5% by weight of the pumice. One of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, will recognize the appropriate amount of the mechanical-property-enhancing 25 additives to include for a chosen application.
[0014] Other additives suitable for use in subterranean cementing operations also may be included in embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions. Examples of such additives include, but are not limited to, weighting agents, lightweight additives, gasgenerating additives, lost-circulation materials, filtration-control additives, fluid-loss-control 30 additives, defoaming agents, foaming agents, thixotropic additives, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, one or more of these additives may be added to the set-delayed cement composition after storing but prior to placement of the set-delayed cement composition into a subterranean formation. A person having ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, will readily be able to determine the type and amount, of 35 additive useful for a particular application and desired result.
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 [0015] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the setdelayed cement compositions generally should have a density suitable for a particular application. By way of example, the set-delayed cement compositions may have a density in the range of front about 4 pounds per gallon (“Ib/gal”) to about 20 Ib/gal. In certain 5 embodiments, the set-delayed cement compositions may have a density in the range of from about 8 Ib/gal to about 17 Ib/gal. Embodiments of the sei-delayed cement compositions may be foamed or unfoamed or may comprise other means to reduce their densities, such as hollow microspheres, low-density elastic beads, or other density-reducing additives known in the art. In embodiments, the density may be reduced after storing the composition, but 10 prior to placement in a subterranean formation. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, will recognize the appropriate density for a particular application, [0016] As discussed above, embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may be foamed. Embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may be foamed to provide a lightweight composition that does not exert excessive force on formations 15 penetrated by the wellbore. In addition to being lightweight, a foamed composition may also improve the ability of the composition to maintain pressure and prevent the flow of formation fluids into and through the composition during its transition time. Foamed compositions may also be advantageous because they have low fluid loss properties, thus limiting loss of fluid circulation. Additionally, foamed compositions when set may also have 20 a lower modulus of elasticity than non-foamed compositions, which is often desirable as it enables the resultant set cement composition io resist stresses exerted on the composition in situ.
[0017] In particular embodiments, the set-delayed cement composition may be foamed at the well site. By way of example, the set-delayed cement compositions may be 25 foamed immediately prior to use. Embodiments may be foamed with a foaming additive and by entraining gas into the set-delayed cement compositions. In particular embodiments, the foaming additive and gas may be introduced after combination of the composition with an activator. The set-delayed cement compositions may be foamed, for example, to provide a set-delayed cement composition with a reduced density.
.30 (0018] The gas used for foaming the composition may be any suitable gas for foaming, including, but not limited to: air, nitrogen, and combinations thereof. Generally, the gas should be in an amount sufficient to form the desired foam. Foaming additives may be included in embodiments to, lor example, facilitate foaming and/or stabilize the resultant foam formed therewith.
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 [0019] In particular embodiments, the foaming additive may include a surfactant or combination of surfactants that reduce the surface tension of the water. By way of example, the foaming agent may comprise an anionic, nonionic, amphoteric (including zwitterionic surfactants), cationic surfactant, or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable foaming additives 5 include, but are not limited to: betaines: anionic surfactants such as hydrolyzed keratin: amine oxides such as a alkyl or alkene dimethyl amine oxides; cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide; methyl ester sulfonates; alkyl or alkene amidobetaines such as cocoamidopropyl betaine; alpha-olefin sulfonates; quaternary surfactants such as trimethyltallowammonium chloride and trimethylcocoammomum chloride; C8 to C22 10 alkylethoxylate sulfates; and combinations thereof. Specific examples of suitable foaming agents include mixtures of an ammonium salt of an alkyl ether sulfate, a cocoamidopropyl betaine surfactant, a cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, sodium chloride, and water; mixtures of an ammonium salt of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, a cocoamidopropyl hydroxysuhaine surfactant, a cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, sodium 15 chloride, and water; mixtures of an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate surfactant, an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine surfactant, and an alkyl or alkene dimethylamine oxide surfactant; aqueous solutions of an alpha-olefinic sulfonate surfactant and a betaine surfactant: and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable foaming additives are ZONESEALANT™ 2000 agent and Foamer 1026'7 both available from Halliburton Energy 20 Services Inc., Houston, Texas. Embodiments may be foamed within a foam quality range of between about 5% to about 80% and, more- particularly, from about 18% to about 38%. As used herein, the term “foam quality refers to the volume of entrained gas and is defined by the following formula: Foam Quality:::: (Total Foam Volume - Liquid Volume) / Total Foam Volume.
[0020] As previously mentioned, the cement compositions may have a delayed sei in that they remain in a pumpable fluid state for at least one day (e.g,, at least about I day, about 2 weeks, about 2 years, or longer) at room temperature in quiescent storage. For example, the set-delayed cement compositions may remain in a pumpable fluid state for a period of time from about 1 day, about 2 weeks, about 2 years, or longer. In some 30 embodiments, (he sei-delayed cement compositions may remain in a pumpable fluid state for at least about 1 day, about 7 days, about 10 days, about 20 days, about 30 days, about 40 days, about 50 days, about 60 days, about 2 years, or longer. Λ fluid is considered to be in a pumpable fluid state where the fluid has a consistency of less than 70 Bearden units of consistency (“Be”), as measured on a high-temperature high-pressure consistometer at room 35 temperature (e.g., about 80°F) in accordance with the procedure for determining cement
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 thickening times set forth in API RP Practice 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements, First Edition» July 2005.
[0021] When desired for use, embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may be activated (e.g., by combination with an activator) to thereby set into a hardened 5 mass. By way of example, embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may be activated to set to form a hardened mass in a time period in the range of from about 1 hour to about 12 hours. For example, embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may set to form a hardened mass in a time period ranging between any of and/or including any of about 1 day, about 2 days, about 4 days, about 6 days, about 8 days, about 10 days, or about 10 12 days.
[0022] in some embodiments, the set-delayed cement compositions may set to have a desirable compressive strength after activation. Compressive strength is generally the capacity of a material or structure to withstand axially directed pushing forces. The compressive strength may be measured at a specified time after the set-delayed cement 15 composition has been activated and the resultant composition is maintained under specific temperature and pressure controls. Compressive strength can be measured by either a destructive method or non-dcstructive method. The destructive method physically tests the strength of treatment fluid samples at various points in time by crushing the samples in a compression-testing machine. The compressive strength is calculated from the failure load 20 divided by the cross-sectional area resisting the load and is reported in units of pound-force per square inch (psi). Non-destructive methods typically may employ an Ultrasonic Cement Analyzer COCA), available from Fann Instrument Company, Houston, TX. Compressive strengths may be determined in accordance with API R.P 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Weil Cements, First Edition, July 2005.
[0023] By way of example, the set-delayed cement composition, may develop a 24hour compressive strength in the range of from about 50 psi to about 5000 psi, alternatively, from about 100 psi to about 4500 psi, or alternatively from about 500 psi to about 4000 psi. In some embodiments, the set-delayed cement composition may develop a compressive strength in 24 hours of at least about 50 psi. at least about 100 psi, at least about 500 psi, or 30 more. In some embodiments, the compressive strength values may be determined using destructive or non-destructive methods at a temperature ranging from 100sF to 200°F.
[0024] Embodiments may include the addition of a cement set activator to the setdelayed cement compositions. Examples of suitable cement set activators include, but are not limited to: amines such as triethanolamine, diethanolamine; silicates such as sodium 35 silicate; zinc formate; calcium acetate; Groups 1A and 11A hydroxides such as sodium
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide; monovalent salts such as sodium chloride: divalent salts such as calcium chloride; nanosilica (i.e., silica having a particle size of less than or equal to about 100 nanometers); polyphosphates; and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a combination of the polyphosphate and a monovalent salt may be used 5 for activation. The monovalent salt may be any salt that dissociates to form a monovalent cation, such as sodium and potassium salts. Specific examples of suitable monovalent salts include potassium sulfate, and sodium sulfate. A variety of different polyphosphates may he used in combination with the monovalent salt for activation of the set-delayed cement compositions, including polymeric metaphosphate salts, phosphate salts, and combinations 10 thereof. Specific examples of polymeric metaphosphate salts that may be used include sodium hexametaphosphaie, sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tetrameiaphosphate, sodium pentametaphosphate, sodium heptametaphosphate, sodium octametaphosphate, and combinations thereof. A specific example of a suitable cement sei activator comprises a combination of sodium sulfate and sodium hexametaphosphaie. In particular embodiments, 15 the activator may be provided and added to the set-delayed cement composition as a liquid additive, for example, a liquid additive comprising a monovalent salt, a polyphosphate, and optionally a dispersant, [0025] The cement set activator should be added io embodiments of the set-delayed cement composition in an amount sufficient to activate the set-delayed cement composition 20 to set into a hardened mass. In certain embodiments, the cement set activator may be added to the set-delayed cement composition in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 20% by weight of the pumice. In specific embodiments, the cement set activator may be present in an amount ranging between any of and/or including any of about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, or about 20% by weight of the pumice. One of ordinary skill in the art, with the 25 benefit of this disclosure, will recognize the appropriate amount of the cement set activator to include for a chosen application.
[0026] As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, embodiments of the set-delayed cement compositions may be used in a variety of subterranean operations, including primary and remedial cementing. In some embodiments, a set-delayed cement 30 composition may be provided that comprises water, pumice, hydrated lime, a set retarder, and optionally a dispersant. The set-delayed cement composition may be introduced into a subterranean formation and allowed to set therein. As used herein, introducing the setdelayed cement composition into a subterranean formation includes introduction into any portion of the subterranean formation, including, without limitation, into a wellbore drilled 35 into the subterranean formation, into a near wellbore region surrounding the wellbore, or into
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 both. Embodiments may further include activation of the set-delayed cement composition. The activation of the sei-delayed cement composition may comprise, for example, the addition of a cement set activator to the set-delayed cement composition.
[0027] In some embodiments, a set-delayed cement composition may be provided that comprises water, pumice, hydrated lime, a set retarder, and optionally a dispersant. The set-delayed cement composition may be stored, tor example, in a vessel or other suitable container. The set-delayed cement composition may be permitted to remain in storage for a desired lime period. For example, the set-delayed cement composition may remain in storage for a time period of about 1 day, about 2 weeks, about 2 years, or longer. For example, the set-delayed cement composition may remain in storage for a time period of about I day, about 2 days, about 5 days, about 7 days, about 10 days, about 20 days, about 30 days, about 40 days, about 50 days, about 60 days, about 2 years, or longer. In some embodiments, the set-delayed cement composition may remain in storage for a time period in a range of from about I day to about 2 years or longer. Thereafter, the set-delayed cement 15 composition may be activated, for example, by addition of a cement set activator, introduced into a subterranean formation, and allowed to set therein. Optionally, the set-delayed cement composition may be foamed prior to introduction into the subterranean formation.
[0028] in primary cementing embodiments, for example, embodiments of the setdelayed cement composition may be introduced into an annular space between a conduit 20 located in a wellbore and the walls of a wellbore (and/or a larger conduit in the wellbore), wherein the wellbore penetrates the subterranean formation. The set-delayed cement composition may be allowed to set in the annular space to form an annular sheath of hardened cement. The set-delayed cement composition may form a barrier that prevents the migration of fluids in the wellbore. The set-delayed cement composition may also, for 25 example, support the conduit in the wellbore.
[0029] In remedial cementing embodiments, a set-delayed cement composition may be used, for example, in squeeze-cementing operations or in the placement of cement plugs. By way of example, (he set-delayed composition may be placed in a wellbore to plug an opening such as a void or crack that is in the formation, in a gravel pack, in the conduit, in 30 the cement sheath, and/or between the cement sheath and the conduit (e.g., a microannulus).
[0030] An example embodiment comprises a method of cementing in a subterranean formation comprising: providing a set-delayed cement composition comprising water, pumice, hydrated lime, and a set retarder; foaming the set-delayed cement composition: activating the foamed set-delayed cement composition; introducing the foamed set-delayed
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 cement composition into a subterranean formation: and allowing the foamed set-delayed cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.
[0031] An example embodiment comprises a foamed set-delayed cement composition comprising: water, pumice, hydrated lime, a foaming additive, entrained gas, 5 and a set retarder.
[0032] An example embodiment comprises a system for cementing comprising: a set-delayed cement composition comprising: water, pumice, hydrated lime, a set retarder, a foaming additive for foaming the set-delayed cement composition; a gas for foaming the seidelayed cement composition; and a cement set activator for activation of the set-delayed 10 cement composition.
[0033] Referring now to FIG. !, preparation of a set-delayed cement composition in accordance with example embodiments will now be described. FIG, 1 illustrates a system 2 for preparation of a set-delayed cement composition and delivery to a wellbore in accordance with certain embodiments. As shown, the set-delayed cement composition may be mixed in 15 mixing equipment 4, such as a jet mixer, re-circulating mixer, or a batch mixer, for example, and then pumped via pumping equipment 6 to the wellbore. In some embodiments, the mixing equipment 4 and the pumping equipment 6 may be disposed on one or more cement trucks as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. hi some embodiments, a jet mixer may be used, for example, to continuously mix the lime/settable material with the 20 water as it is being pumped to the wellbore, [0034] An example technique for placing a set-delayed cement composition into a subterranean formation will now be described with reference to FIGS, 2A and 2B. FIG. 2A illustrates surface equipment 10 that may be used in placement of a set-delayed cement composition in accordance with certain embodiments. It should be noted that while FIG. 2A 25 generally depicts a land-based operation, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the principles described herein are equally applicable to subsea operations that employ floating or sea-based platforms and rigs, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. As illustrated by FIG. 2A, the surface equipment 10 may include a cementing unit 12, which may include one or more cement trucks. The cementing unit 12 may include mixing 30 equipment 4 and pumping equipment 6 (e.g., FIG. 1) as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The cementing unit 12. may pump a set-delayed cement composition 14 through a feed pipe 16 and to a cementing head 18 which conveys the set-delayed cement composition 14 downhole.
[0035] Turning now io FIG. 2B, the set-delayed cement composition 14 may be 35 placed into a subterranean formation 20 in accordance w'ith example embodiments. As
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 illustrated, a wellbore 22 may be drilled into the subterranean formation 20. While wellbore 22 is shown extending generally vertically into the subterranean formation 20, the principles described herein are also applicable to wellbores that extend at an angle through the subterranean formation 20, such as horizontal and slanted wellbores. As illustrated, the 5 wellbore 22 comprises walls 24, In the illustrated embodiment, a surface casing 26 has been inserted info the wellbore 22. The surface casing 26 may be cemented to the walls 24 of the wellbore 22 by cement sheath 28. In the illustrated embodiment, one or more additional conduits (e.g., intermediate casing, production casing, liners, etc.), shown here as casing 30 may also be disposed in the wellbore 22. As illustrated, there is a wellbore annulus 32 10 formed between the casing 30 and the walls 24 of the wellbore 22 and/or the surface casing 26. One or more centralizers 34 may be attached to the casing 30, for example, to centralize the easing 30 in the wellbore 22 prior to and during the cementing operation.
[0036] With continued reference to FIG. 2B, the set-delayed cement composition 14 may be pumped down the interior of the casing 30. The set-delayed cement composition 14 15 may be allowed to flow down the interior of the casing 30 through the casing shoe 42 at the bottom of the casing 30 and up around the casing 30 into the wellbore annulus 32. The setdelayed cement composition 14 may be allowed to set in the wellbore annulus 32, for example, to form a cement sheath that supports and positions the easing 30 in the wellbore 22. While not illustrated, other techniques may also be utilized for introduction of the set20 delayed cement composition 14. By way of example, reverse circulation techniques may be used that: include introducing the set-delayed cement composition 14 into the subterranean formation 20 by way of the wellbore annulus 32 instead of through the casing 30.
[0037] As it is introduced, the set-delayed cement composition 14 may displace other fluids 36, such as drilling fluids and/or spacer fluids that may be present in the interior 25 of the casing 30 and/or the wellbore annulus 32. Al least a portion of the displaced fluids 36 may exit the wellbore annulus 32 via a flow line 38 and be deposited, for example, in one or more retention pits 40 (e.g., a mud pit), as shown on FIG. 2A. Referring again to FIG. 2B, a bottom plug 44 may be introduced into the wellbore 22 ahead of the sei-delayed cement composition 14. for example, to separate the set-delayed cement composition 14 from the 30 fluids 36 that may be inside the casing 30 prior to cementing. After the bottom plug 44 reaches the landing collar 46, a diaphragm or other suitable device should rupture to allow the set-delayed cement composition 14 through the bottom plug 44. In FIG. 2B, the bottom plug 44 is shown on ihe landing collar 46. In the illustrated embodiment, a top plug 48 may be introduced into the wellbore 22 behind the set-delayed cement composition 14. The top
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 plug 48 may separate the set-delayed cement composition 14 from a displacement fluid 50 and also push the set-delayed cement composition 14 through the bottom plug 44.
[0038| The exemplars' set-delayed cement compositions disclosed herein may directly or indirectly affect one or more components or pieces of'equipment associated with the preparation, delivery, recapture, recycling, reuse, and/or disposal of the disclosed setdelayed cement compositions. For example, the disclosed set-delayed cement compositions may directly or indirectly affect one or more mixers, related mixing equipment, mud pits, storage facilities or units, composition separators, heat exchangers, sensors, gauges, pumps, compressors, and the like used generate, store, monitor, regulate, and/or recondition, the exemplary sei-delayed cement compositions. The disclosed set-delayed cement compositions may also directly or indirectly affect any transport or delivery equipment used to convey the set-delayed cement compositions to a well site or downhole such as, for example, any transport vessels, conduits, pipelines, trucks, tubulars, and/or pipes used to compositionally move the set-delayed cement compositions from one location to another, any pumps, compressors, or motors (e.g., topside or downhole) used to drive the set-delayed cement compositions into motion, any valves or related joints used to regulate the pressure or flow rate of the set-delayed cement compositions, and any sensors (i.e., pressure and. temperature), gauges, and/or combinations thereof, and the like. The disclosed set-delayed cement compositions may also directly or indirectly affect the various downhole equipment and tools that may come into contact with the set-delayed cement compositions such as, but not limited to, wellbore casing, wellbore liner, completion string, insert strings, drill string, coiled tubing, slickline, wireline, drill pipe, drill collars, mud motors, downhole motors and/or pumps, cement pumps, surface-mounted motors and/or pumps, centralizers, turboliz.ers, scratches, floats (e.g., shoes, collars, valves, etc.), logging tools and related telemetry equipment, actuators (e.g., electromechanical devices, hydromechanical devices, etc.), sliding sleeves, production sleeves, plugs, screens, fillets, flow control devices (e.g., inflow control devices, autonomous inflow control devices, outflow control devices, etc.), couplings (e.g., electro-hydraulic wet connect, dry connect, inductive coupler, etc.), control lines (e.g.. electrical, fiber optic, hydraulic, etc.), surveillance lines, drill bits and reamers, sensors or distributed sensors, downhole heat exchangers, valves and corresponding actuation devices, tool seals, packers, cement plugs, bridge plugs, and other wellbore isolation devices, or components, and the like.
2018232978 20 Sep 2018
EXAMPLES [0039] To facilitate a better understanding of the present embodiments, the following examples of certain aspects of some embodiments are given. In no way should the following examples be read to limit, or define, the scope of the embodiments.
Example 1 [0040] A sample set-delayed cement composition was prepared with the following components: pumice (DS-325 lightweight aggregate), hydrated lime, dispersant (Liquimenf* 558IF), primary retarder (Micro Matrix*' cement retarder), weighting additive (MicroMax*' Weight Additive, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.. Houston, Texas), 10 secondary' retarder (HR'&-5 cement retarder, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.. Houston, Texas), Class H Portland cement, and water. Each component, with the exception of the primary retarder (Micro Matrix'5 cement retarder), is presented as a percentage of the weight of pumice (bwoP). The primary' retarder is measured in units of gallons per 46 pound sack of pumice (galZsk). The compositional makeup is listed in '1 able I 15 below.
Table 1 Sample Set-Delayed Cement Compositional Makeup
Material | ϊ Amount | | Units | Weight (g) | % bw in total |
Pumice | 100 1 | % bwoP | 58682.7 | 55.56 |
Hydrated lime | 20 | | % bwoP | H 736.5 | 11.11 |
Dispersant | 0.5 i t | % bwoP | 291.1 | 0.28 |
Primary Retarder | 0.06 | | gal/sk. | 734.6 | 0.70 |
Weighting /Additive | — | % bwoP | 1173.7 | 1.11 |
Secondary Retarder | 0.5 | % bwoP | 293.4 | i 0.28 .______________________.________________ ,i |
Portland Cement | 2 | % bwoP | 1173.7 | 1.11 |
Water | S3.7 | % bwoP | 31534.5 | 29.86 |
Total | — | 105620.2 | 100 |
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 [0041] The sample in Example I remained fluid, mixable, pumpable, and stable with no solids settling or gelation for greater than 40 days. The sample had a measured density of 13.5 pounds per gallon. Minimal doses of dispersant were added during the storage period to maintain the slurry’s optimal rheology. This exemplary sample serves as the base slurry tor 5 the remaining examples provided below.
Example 2 [0042] The rheological properties of the sample set-delayed cement composition of Example 1 were measured alter storing the samples at room temperature and pressure for a period of 41 days. After preparation, the rheological properties of the samples were 10 determined using a Model 35A Fann Viscometer and a No. 2 spring with a Fann Yield Stress Adapter, in accordance with the procedure set forth in .API R.P Practice I OB-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements. The results of this test are set forth in Table 2 below.
Table 2 Viscosity Tests
Age ol Sample (days) | FYSA Readings ) | ||||||
RPM | 3 | 6 I 100 | 200 | 300 | | 3D J | 6D | | |
41 | AVG. | 13 | 13 I 35 | 56 | 75.5 | 5 | | 4 Ϊ |
—,— | ________r. | —..............J |
Example 3 [0043] Three sample set-delayed cement compositions, samples 1-3, and two controls, controls 1 and 2, were prepared from the base slurry described in Example 1. Foamer 1026'”, a foaming additive, was added to each of the three samples in varying 20 amounts after a time period of 41 days. Additionally, a cement set activator, CaCh, was added to sample 2 and control 2. The amount of the cement set activator added to each sample was sufficient to deliver a 5% by weight of pumice activator amount to the setdelayed cement composition. The base and foamed densities were measured. Additionally, the destructive compressive strength was measured using a mechanical press in accordance 25 with API RP Practice 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements.
Additionally, the destructive compressive strength was measured by allowing the samples to cure in a 2” by 4” plastic cylinder that was placed in a water bath at 190;T to form set cylinders, immediately after removal from the water bath, destructive compressive strengths were determined using a mechanical press in accordance with API RP I OB-2, Recommended
2018232978 20 Sep 2018
Practice for Testing (Veil Cements. The results of this test are set forth below. The reported compressive strengths are an average for two cylinders of each sample. The samples and controls were cured at 1 atmosphere. I9OQF; compressive strength measurements were taken at 72 hours.
Fable 3
Compositional Makeup and Characteristics
.................................................................................. t ------------------------- | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Control 1 | Control 2 |
Sample Weight (g) | 1363.2 | 1363,2 | 1363.2 | 817.5 | 817.5 |
ί Foaming Additive (g) i 8.14 | 12.21 | 14 | - | - |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1------------------------------------------- .Activator (g) ί | 37.87 | - | - | 25.8 |
.................. -.......j........ Base Density (ppg) | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.3* |
Foamed Density (ppg) 1 11 | 9.1 | 9.2 | * | |
’............ i Foam Quality | 19% | 33% | 32% | - | * |
Compressive Strength (psi) | 639.37 | 534.45 | 135.18 | 1222.46 | 1360,14 |
* Density of Control 2 with the Activator, [0044] In addition to the characteristics of Table 3. the foam stability of samples 1-3 was measured in both the slurry state and the set state, This data is set forth in Table 4 below.
2018232978 20 Sep 2018
Table 4 Foam Stability Measurements.
Foam Stability | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | |||
Slurry' | Set | Slurry | Set | Slurry | Set | |
More than a trace of free fluid? | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Bubbles on surface of bubble coalescing (breaking, enlargement, merging)? | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Excessive column-height reduction? | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Signs of density segregation (streaking or dark coloration from top to bottom)? | N | N | N | N | i N _ | N |
[00451 The Archimedes Method was used to measure the slurry density of Samples 1-3 m top, middle, and bottom portions, Densities that were close in weight from top to 5 bottom indicate stable foam while considerable variation in densities indicates unstable foam. All units are in pounds per gallon. This data is set forth in Table 5 below.
Table 5 Density Uniformity
Archimedes Method | Example I | Example 2 | Example 3 |
Top (ppg) | 10.50 | 8.95 | 9.26 |
Middle (ppg) | 10.52 | 8.99 | 9.30 |
1.ί*Ι»1·*»Μ ......................... | .......................... | ||
Bottom (ppg) | 10.46 | 8.83 | 9.25 |
[0046] lastly, the rheology of foamed Samples 1-3 was measured using the same technique as used in Example 2 to measure the rheology of the base slurry'. The base slurry is designated as Control 1 in Table 6 below. The rheology data is set forth in Table 6 below.
2018232978 20 Sep 2018
Table 6
Viscosity 'fests
FYSA Readings | | |||||||||
Density (ppg) | RPM | 3 | 6 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 3D | 6D | |
Control 1 | )3.5 | AVG. | 13 | 13 | 35 | 56 | 75.5 | 5 | 4 i |
Sample 1 | II | AVG. | 10 2.25 | 10.5 | 33.5 | 50.25 | 65.5 | 3.5 | 2.5 1 |
Sample 2 | 9.1 | AVG. | 3 | 17.5 | 29.5 | 40 | 1.5 | 1 | |
Sample 3 | 9.2 | AVG. | 17 | 17.5 | 40.5 | 56.5 | 70.5 | 12 | : 9 |
[0047] Example 3 thus indicates that the foamed slurries exhibit good compressive 5 strength while maintaining suitable rheologies and uniform densities.
Example 4 [0048] Two sample set-delayed cement compositions, samples 4 and 5, were prepared from the base slurry described in Example I. A cement set activator, CaCl·, was added to the samples in an amount sufficient to deliver a 5% by weight of pumice activator 10 amount to the set-delayed cement composition. Sample 5 further included graphitic carbon fibers in an amount of about 0.18% by weight of the pumice. The graphitic carbon libers were PAN carbon fibers derived from polyacrylonitrile. Foamer ! 026'4 a foaming additive, was added to each of the samples in an amount of 0.18% by weight of the pumice. Additionally, the destructive compressive strength was measured by allowing the samples to 15 cure in a 2’* by 4” plastic cylinder that was placed in a water bath at 190°F io form set cylinders. Immediately after removal from the water bath, destructive compressive strengths were determined using a mechanical press in accordance with API RP 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Testing fr'e// Cements. The results of this test are set forth below. The reported compressive strengths are an average for three cylinders of each sample. The samples and 20 controls were cured at 1 atmosphere, 190°F: compressive strength measurements were taken at 72 hours.
2018232978 20 Sep 2018
Table 7 Compositional Makeup and Characteristics
i | Sample 4 | Sample 5 |
; Base Slurry (g) i | 1000 | 1000 |
] Carbon Fiber (g) | — | 10 |
ΐ Activator (g) | 27.8 | 27.8 |
: Foaming Additive (g) | 10 | 10 |
I Base Density (ppg) | 13.5 | 13.5 |
i 1 Foamed Density (ppg) i Compressive Strength (psi) | 8.33 62 | 8.33 143 |
[0049] It should be understood that the compositions and methods are described in terms of “comprising,” “containing,” or “including” various components or steps, the 5 compositions and methods can also “consist essentially of’ or “consist of’ the various components and steps. Moreover, the indefinite articles “a” or “an,” as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the element that it introduces.
[0050] For the sake of brevity, only certain ranges are explicitly disclosed herein.
lowever, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit ίο recite a 10 range not explicitly recited, as well as, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit io recite a range not explicitly recited, in the same way, ranges from any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited. Additionally, whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range are specifically 15 disclosed. In particular, every range of values (of the form, “from about a to about b,” or.
equivalently, “from approximately a to b,” or, equivalently, “from approximately a-b”) disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every' number and range encompassed within the broader range of values even if not explicitly recited. Thus, every point or individual value may serve as its own lower or upper limit combined with any other point or individual 20 value or any other lower or upper limit, to recite a range not explicitly recited.
[0051] Therefore, the present embodiments are well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, and may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings
2018232978 20 Sep 2018 herein. Although individual embodiments are discussed, the invention covers all combinations of all those embodiments. Furthermore-, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee, it is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and ail such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. If there is any conflict in the usages of a word or term in this specification and one or more patent(s) or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions that are consistent with this specification should be adopted.
[0052] Where the terms comprise, comprises, comprised or comprising are used in this specification (including the claims) they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components, but not precluding the presence of one or more other features, integers, steps or components, or group thereof.
Claims (8)
- The claims defining the invention are as follows:1. A foamed set-delayed cement composition comprising: water, pumice, hydrated lime, a foaming additive, entrained gas, and a set retarder, wherein the set retarder comprises a phosphonic acid derivative that is present in the set-delayed composition in an amount in the range from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the pumice.
- 2. The foamed set-delayed cement composition according to claim 1 wherein the foaming additive is selected from the group consisting of: a betaine; hydrolyzed keratin; an amine oxides; an alkyl or alkene dimethyl amine oxide; a cocoamidopropyl dimethyl amine oxide; a methyl ester sulfonate; an alkyl or alkene dimethyl amidobetaine; cocoamidopropyl betaine; an alpha-olefin sulfonate; a quaternary surfactant; trimethyltallowammonium chloride; trimethylcocoammonium chloride; a C8 to C22 alkylethoxylate sulfate; and any combination thereof.
- 3. The foamed set-delayed cement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein the foamed set-delayed cement composition has a foam quality between about 5% to about 80%.
- 4. The foamed set-delayed cement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the foamed set-delayed cement composition has a density between about 9 pounds per gallon to about 11 pounds per gallon.
- 5. The foamed set-delayed cement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the set retarder comprises at least one retarder selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid, a phosphonic acid derivative, a lignosulfonate, a salt, an organic acid, a cellulose derivate, a synthetic co- or ter-polymer comprising sulfonate and carboxylic acid groups, a borate compound, and any combination thereof.
- 6. The foamed set-delayed cement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the foamed set-delayed cement composition further comprises a dispersant.2018232978 23 Jan 2020
- 7. The foamed set-delayed cement composition according to claim 6 wherein the dispersant comprises at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of a sulfonated-formaldehyde-based dispersant, a polycarboxylated ether dispersant, and a combination thereof.
- 8. The foamed set-delayed cement composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the set-delayed cement composition further comprises a polycarboxylated ether dispersant.
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AU2014317923A AU2014317923B2 (en) | 2013-09-09 | 2014-09-08 | Foaming of set-delayed cement compositions comprising pumice and hydrated lime |
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AU2018232978A AU2018232978B2 (en) | 2013-09-09 | 2018-09-20 | Foaming of set-delayed cement compositions comprising pumice and hydrated lime |
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US20090200029A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2009-08-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Settable Compositions Comprising a Natural Pozzolan and Associated Methods |
US20100044043A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2010-02-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of Cementing in Subterranean Formations Using Cement Kiln Dust in Compositions Having Reduced Portland Cement Content |
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US6708760B1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-03-23 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods and cement compositions for cementing in subterranean zones |
US20040211342A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-10-28 | Mbt Holding Ag | Rheology stabilizer for cementitious compositions |
US8070878B2 (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2011-12-06 | United States Gypsum Company | Lightweight cementitious compositions and building products and methods for making same |
US8450391B2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2013-05-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Weighted elastomers, cement compositions comprising weighted elastomers, and methods of use |
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- 2014-09-08 WO PCT/US2014/054496 patent/WO2015035280A1/en active Application Filing
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2016
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- 2016-08-31 AU AU2016222404A patent/AU2016222404B2/en active Active
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20090200029A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2009-08-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Settable Compositions Comprising a Natural Pozzolan and Associated Methods |
US20100044043A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2010-02-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of Cementing in Subterranean Formations Using Cement Kiln Dust in Compositions Having Reduced Portland Cement Content |
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AU2016222404A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
GB201600816D0 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
AU2014317923B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
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CA2920756C (en) | 2019-04-02 |
RU2655669C2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
AU2014317923A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
WO2015035280A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
BR112016002545A2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
RU2016103916A (en) | 2017-10-16 |
AU2018232978A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
NO20160086A1 (en) | 2016-01-15 |
GB2535857B (en) | 2020-06-24 |
CA2920756A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
AU2016222404B2 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
MX2016001651A (en) | 2016-11-07 |
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