AU2018202413A1 - Precast Column Assembly and Method of Construction - Google Patents

Abstract

(To accompany Figure 11) A precast column assembly (10, 50) for forming a post-tensioned column (10, 50), a method of construction utilising the column assembly (10, 50), a building or other type of structure erected using the column assembly (10, 50), and a mould or formwork for manufacturing the column assembly (10, 50). The assembly (10, 50) includes a ground engaging reinforced column foundation (20, 60), a first reinforced column section (30, 70) comprising a groove adapted to receive an end of a wall panel (110), a second reinforced column section (40, 80) comprising a groove adapted to receive an end of a wall panel (110), a first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the foundation (20, 60) to the first column section (30, 70), a second connecting mechanism adapted to connect the first column section (30, 70) to the second column section (40, 80), and a tensioning mechanism adapted to tension together the first column section (30, 70), second column section (40, 80) and foundation (20, 60) so as to form a singular post tensioned column (10, 50). InC

Description

TITLE

Precast Column Assembly and Method of Construction [0001] This application claims priority from Australian provisional patent application no. 2017901287, filed April 7, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by way of cross-reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention relates to a precast column assembly for forming a post-tensioned column, a method of construction utilising the column assembly, a building or other type of structure erected using the column assembly, and/or a mould or formwork for manufacturing the column assembly.

BACKGROUND ART

[0003] Precast concrete columns for building construction are known. Typically such columns are a monolithic structure, formed by way of a single concrete pour. The column may be secured to a foundation such as a footing or pad, may be load-bearing so as to support a roof, and may support adjacent concrete wall panels of an erected building. Such column structures are not normally post-tensioned to the foundation.

[0004] Other types of columns that have been used to support concrete wall panels and roof portals of buildings are constructed of steel beams, and concrete panels are attached to those beams with metal plates and bolts. Such column structures are not normally post-tensioned to the foundation.

[0005] However, a disadvantage with such concrete or steel columns is that, due to their size and weight, they are difficult or costly to transport and erect on-site, typically requiring expensive heavy lifting machinery. In particular the concrete support columns as mentioned above would only be poured on site and certainly not transportable except for pilings that are precast but there is no allowance for concrete panels to be attached without heavy metal bracketing and bolts. This is because pilings have to be of a solid mass construction so a pile driver can drive them deep into the foundation sub-base and then they are cut off at their required heights. This type of construction would not normally be a support for a roof structure. In present day industrial buildings are often built by using tilt up concrete panels poured in situ on site which are often placed one on top of the other because of concrete casting slab restrictions and allotment size which delays construction due to the fact that the very last tilt up panel poured on top of others has to cure for 28 days before lifting. This in turn means that the very first panel poured cannot be moved for quite a number of weeks. This type of construction can often embrace a heavy steel column internally which supports the heavier thick tilt panels which may be load bearing and may support a roof structure with heavy steel beams as roof portals or will need to have a steel column attached to foundations that would support the tilt panels as a cladding and the steel panels would in turn support the roof structure. These types of constructions demand very large cranes with high lifting capacity and are very expensive. Also the delay in the construction time can be expensive to the perspective tenant and the developer.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0006] The present invention is directed to a precast column assembly for forming a singular post-tensioned column, a method of construction utilising the column assembly, a building or other type of structure erected using the column assembly, and/or a mould for manufacturing one or more components of the column assembly, which may at least partially overcome at least one of the abovementioned disadvantages or provide the consumer with a useful or commercial choice.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a precast concrete column assembly for forming a singular post-tensioned column, said assembly comprising: [0008] optionally, a ground engaging or ground engageable reinforced column foundation, comprising a central axis; [0009] a first reinforced column section comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; [0010] a second reinforced column section comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; [0011] a first connecting mechanism for connecting the column foundation to the first column section such that the central axes align; [0012] a second connecting mechanism for connecting the first column section to the second column section such that the central axes align; [0013] a tensioning mechanism for tensioning together the first column section, second column section and column foundation so as to form a post-tensioned column; and [0014] optionally: at least one further reinforced column section; at least one further connecting mechanism for connecting the second column section to the at least one further reinforced column section; and/or at least one further tensioning mechanism.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a singular post-tensioned column formed from a precast concrete column assembly comprising: [0016] optionally, a ground engaging or ground engageable reinforced column foundation, comprising a central axis; [0017] a first reinforced column section comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; [0018] a second reinforced column section comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; [0019] a first connecting mechanism connecting the column foundation to the first column section such that the central axes align; [0020] a second connecting mechanism connecting the first column section to the second column section such that the central axes align; [0021] a tensioning mechanism tensioning together the first column section, second column section and column foundation so as to form the singular post-tensioned column; and [0022] optionally: at least one further reinforced column section; at least one further connecting mechanism for connecting the second column section to the at least one further reinforced column section; and/or at least one further tensioning mechanism.

[0023] According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of constructing a singular post-tensioned column using a precast concrete column assembly, said method comprising the steps of: [0024] installing a reinforced column foundation within the ground, wherein the column foundation has a central axis; [0025] connecting a first reinforced column section to the column foundation using a first connecting mechanism such that the central axis of the column foundation and a central axis of the first column section align; [0026] connecting a second reinforced column section to the first column section using a second connecting mechanism such that the central axis of the first column section and a central axis of the second column section align; and [0027] using a tensioning mechanism to tension together the first column section, second column section and column foundation, [0028] and, optionally, connecting at least one further reinforced column section to the second column section using at least one further connecting mechanism and, optionally, using at least one further tensioning mechanism to tension together the at least one further column section, [0029] wherein: [0030] the first column section comprises at least one groove extending substantially parallel with its central axis that is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; and [0031] the second column section comprises at least one groove extending substantially parallel with its central axis that is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel.

[0032] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a singular post-tensioned column when formed using the method of the third aspect of the invention.

[0033] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a reinforced column foundation, a first reinforced column section, a second reinforced column section and a further reinforced column section for use, or when used for, the method of the third aspect of the invention.

[0034] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a mould, formwork, excavation or bore for casting a reinforced column foundation, a first reinforced column section, a second reinforced column section or a fixrther reinforced column section as described for the first or second aspects of the present invention.

[0035] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for erecting a building or other structure, said method comprising the step of utilising at least one precast concrete column assembly as defined according to the first aspect or at least one post-tensioned column as defined according to the second aspect, or incorporating the method according to the third aspect.

[0036] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention there is provided a building or other structure comprising at least one precast concrete column assembly as defined according to the first aspect or at least one singular post-tensioned column as defined according to the second aspect, or a building or other structure when produced by the method according to the third aspect or the method according to the seventh aspect.

[0037] The reinforced column foundation can be of any suitable size, shape and construction and can be made of any suitable material or materials. It can be precast but is more usually prepared in situ. It can form part of the column assembly and singular post-tensioned column, but this need not be the case.

[0038] In some embodiments the foundation can be of circular, oval, round, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal or triangular cross-section (or any other suitable cross-section for that matter as may be used by foundation engineers). In some embodiments the foundation can be substantially cylindrical, preferably being greater in length than in diameter. The central axis can be central longitudinal axis. In some embodiments the foundation can be in the form of a pile, such as a cylindrical pile or cylinder pile.

[0039] The foundation can have an upper region and a lower region. The foundation can have an upper surface and a lower surface. If cylindrical, the foundation can have a top wall, bottom wall and substantially circular sidewall.

[0040] The foundation can be reinforced in any suitable way. Typically reinforcement will be cast into/embedded into the foundation at the time of forming the foundation. The amount and type of reinforcement will depend on the properties that the foundation is to have. Suitable reinforcement includes reinforcement bars, rods or dowels. Suitable reinforcement includes ties. Typically these are made of metal or plastics material. The reinforcement can extend substantially parallel with the central axis or transversely of the central axis. The reinforcement can be in spiral form.

[0041] Ultimately, the foundation will be engineered according to the task at hand, depending on the required load capacity, soil type etc. In some embodiments the foundation is installed within a bore/drilled foundation hole. The hole can be, for example, approximately 900 mm in diameter so as form in situ an appropriately sized foundation.

[0042] The first reinforced column section can be of any suitable size, shape and construction and can be made of any suitable material or materials. For example, the first reinforced column section can be approximately 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2 or more metres in height/length. In some embodiments the first column section can be of circular, oval, round, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, triangular, regular or irregular cross-section, or any other suitable cross-section for that matter (when ignoring any recess attributed by a said groove). In some preferred embodiments the first column section has a generally rectangular cross-section, when ignoring any recess attributed by a said groove.

[0043] The first column section can have a surface that is smooth, rough, grainy, fluted or any other suitable texture or combinations of textures. The first column section can have an added/applied surface coating. The first column section can be greater in length than in diameter/cross-sectional area, although this need not be the case.

[0044] The first column section can have an upper region and a lower region. The first column section can have an upper surface and a lower surface. The first column section can have a top wall, bottom wall and one or more sidewalls.

[0045] The first column section can be elongate or squat. Preferably the first column section is elongate - i.e. longer than it is wide. The central axis can be a central longitudinal axis extending along a length of the first column section.

[0046] The first column section can be reinforced in any suitable way. Typically reinforcement will be cast into/embedded into the first column section at the time of forming the section. The amount and type of reinforcement will depend on the properties that the first column section is to have. Suitable reinforcement includes reinforcement bars, rods or dowels. Suitable reinforcement includes ties. Typically these are made of metal or plastics material.

[0047] The at least one groove of the first column section can be of any suitable size, shape and length. The groove can have any suitable profile/shape when viewed in plan, eg. substantially U-shaped, substantially V-shaped, substantially C-shaped arcuate, wedge-shaped, divergent walls extending from a common point, angular and/or tapered. Typically the profile/shape will resemble or match that of the wall panel end. The groove can snugly receive the wall panel end or loosely received the wall panel end.

[0048] The groove can extend part way along a length of the first column section or a full-length of the first column section, from end to end. Preferably, the groove is a longitudinal groove that extends the full length of the first column section. The groove can extend within a sidewall of the first column section. Normally the groove would extend substantially vertically.

[0049] The groove can be sized to receive the end of a single wall panel or the end of more than one wall panel. Preferably the groove can receive the end of more than one wall panel such that those wall panels can be stacked atop each other. For example, the groove may receive 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or even more wall panel ends.

[0050] The first column section can have more than one groove. For example, the first column section can have 2 grooves, 3 grooves, 4 grooves, 5 grooves, 6 grooves or possibly even more grooves that extend substantially parallel with the central axis. The additional groove or grooves can have the same properties as described above. Alternatively, the additional groove or grooves can have dissimilar properties so as to engage different types of wall panels or other types of building elements. In preferred embodiments the first column section has 2 grooves that extend substantially parallel with the central axis. In a first embodiment the 2 grooves are diametrically opposed to each other. In a second embodiment the grooves extend substantially perpendicularly of each other. That is, the grooves can extend substantially and 90° relative to each other. This may mean that a first groove may extend within a first sidewall of the first column section and a second groove may extend within a second adjacent sidewall of the first column section. This could mean that wall panels engaging a first groove may extend at almost 90° or perpendicularly relative to wall panels engaging a second groove.

[0051] The first column section can have one or more grooves that extend other than substantially vertically and other than substantially parallel with the central axis. For example, one or more grooves may extend perpendicularly of the central axis. For example, one or more grooves may extend substantially horizontally (eg. to support a bridge or beam).

[0052] The second reinforced column section can be of any suitable size, shape and construction and can be made of any suitable material or materials. For example, the second reinforced column section can be approximately 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2 or more metres in height/length. In some embodiments the first column section can be of circular, oval, round, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, triangular, regular or irregular cross-section, or any other suitable cross-section for that matter (when ignoring any recess attributed by a said groove). In some preferred embodiments the second column section has a generally rectangular crosssection, when ignoring any recess attributed by a said groove.

[0053] The second column section can have a surface that is smooth, rough, grainy, fluted or any other suitable texture or combinations of textures. The second column section can have an added/applied surface coating. The second column section can be greater in length than in diameter/cross-sectional area, although this need not be the case.

[0054] The second column section can have an upper region and a lower region. The second column section can have an upper surface and a lower surface. The second column section can have a top wall, bottom wall and one or more sidewalls.

[0055] The second column section can be elongate or squat. Preferably the second column section is elongate - i.e. longer than it is wide. The central axis can be a central longitudinal axis extending along a length of the second column section.

[0056] The second column section can be reinforced in any suitable way. Typically reinforcement will be cast into/embedded into the second column section at the time of forming the section. The amount and type of reinforcement will depend on the properties that the second column section is to have. Suitable reinforcement includes reinforcement bars, rods or dowels. Suitable reinforcement includes ties. Typically these are made of metal.

[0057] The at least one groove of the second column section can be of any suitable size, shape and length. The groove can have any suitable profile/shape when viewed in plan, eg. substantially U-shaped, substantially V-shaped, substantially C-shaped arcuate, angular and/or tapered. Typically the profile/shape will resemble or match that of the wall panel end. The groove can snugly receive the wall panel end or loosely received the wall panel end.

[0058] The groove can extend part way along a length of the second column section or a full-length of the second column section, from end to end. Preferably, the groove is a longitudinal groove that extends the full length of the second column section. The groove can extend within a sidewall of the second column section. Normally the groove would extend substantially vertically.

[0059] The groove can be sized to receive the end of a single wall panel or the end of more than one wall panel. Preferably the groove can receive the end of more than one wall panel such that those wall panels can be stacked atop each other. For example, the groove may receive 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or even more wall panel ends.

[0060] The second column section can have more than one groove. For example, the second column section can have 2 grooves, 3 grooves, 4 grooves, 5 grooves, 6 grooves or possibly even more grooves that extend substantially parallel with the central axis. The additional groove or grooves can have the same properties as described above. Alternatively, the additional groove or grooves can have dissimilar properties so as to engage different types of wall panels or other types of building elements. In preferred embodiments the second column section has 2 grooves that extend substantially parallel with the central axis. In a first embodiment the 2 grooves are diametrically opposed to each other. In a second embodiment the grooves extend substantially perpendicularly of each other. That is, the grooves can extend substantially and 90° relative to each other. This may mean that a first groove may extend within a first sidewall of the second column section and a second groove may extend within a second adjacent sidewall of the second column section. This could mean that wall panels engaging a first groove may extend at almost 90° or perpendicularly relative to wall panels engaging a second groove.

[0061] The second column section can have one or more grooves that extend other than substantially vertically and other than substantially parallel with the central axis. For example, one or more grooves may extend perpendicularly of the central axis. For example, one or more grooves may extend substantially horizontally (eg. to support a bridge or beam).

[0062] Preferably, the external shapes of the first and second column sections are substantially identical to each other. Preferably, the groove of the first and second column sections align within a common plane. Preferably, any additional groove of the first and second column sections also align within a common plane.

[0063] The first connecting mechanism for connecting the foundation to the first column section can be of any suitable nature. In some embodiments the connecting mechanism can comprise a bed of grout that is installed between the foundation and first column section. The grout can be self-levelling and non-shrinking.

[0064] The first connecting mechanism can comprise a plate/shim that is placed between the foundation and the first column section.

[0065] In some embodiments the first connecting mechanism can comprise at least one male formation that is received within at least one female formation. In some embodiments the male formation can be, for example, a reinforcement bar, dowel or like element used in the construction industry. In some embodiments the female formation can be, for example, a passage, channel or sleeve incorporated/cast within the foundation and/or first column section. If a sleeve, then preferably the sleeve can be filled with grout or other cementitious mix.

[0066] In some embodiments the at least one male formation can be a concrete protrusion extending from the foundation or column section and the female formation can be a recess located within the other of the foundation or column section for receiving the protrusion. There could be a plurality of concrete protrusions that are received within respective recesses.

[0067] In some embodiments the first connecting mechanism can comprise one or more mechanical fastening systems for connecting the foundation to the first column section. For example, a threaded bar may extend from the foundation and may be extendable within the first column section, and a nut locatable within the first column section (accessible from a side opening in the section) may be used to screw the foundation and first column section together.

[0068] In some preferred embodiments the first connecting mechanism comprises reinforcement bars (commonly known as starter bars or splice bars) extending from within the foundation and being received within respective sleeves (commonly known as splice sleeves) that have been incorporated/cast within the first column section. Such sleeves can be filled with grout or other cementitious mix. However, it is possible that the reinforcement bars can extend from the first column section and that the sleeves can extend within the foundation, or reinforcement bars can extend from both the first column section and the foundation.

[0069] Preferably, the first connecting mechanism comprises engaging splice bars with splice sleeves, filling those sleeves with grout, and installing a bed of grout between the foundation and the first column section (if levelling is required). In some preferred embodiments, when viewed in plan, the splice bars/splice sleeves are each at a corner of an imaginary rectangle. Each splice bar can be embedded to a depth of about 800 mm - 1300 mm and extend from an upper end of the foundation by about 800 mm - 1300 mm.

[0070] The second connecting mechanism can be the same or substantially the same as described for the first connecting mechanism.

[0071] The second connecting mechanism for connecting the first column section to the second column section can be of any suitable nature. In some embodiments the connecting mechanism can comprise a bed of grout that is installed between the first and second column sections. The grout can be self-levelling and non-shrinking.

[0072] The second connecting mechanism can comprise a plate/shim that is placed between the first and second column sections.

[0073] In some embodiments the second connecting mechanism can comprise at least one male formation that is received within at least one female formation. In some embodiments the male formation can be, for example, a reinforcement bar, dowel or like element used in the construction industry. In some embodiments the female formation can be, for example, a passage, channel or sleeve incorporated/cast within the first column section and/or second column section. If a sleeve, then preferably the sleeve can be filled with grout or other cementitious mix.

[0074] In some embodiments the at least one male formation can be a concrete protrusion extending from one of the column sections and the female formation can be a recess located within the other of the column sections for receiving the protrusion. There could be a plurality of concrete protrusions that are received within respective recesses.

[0075] In some embodiments the second connecting mechanism can comprise one or more mechanical fastening systems for connecting the first column section to the second column section. For example, a threaded bar may extend from the first column section and may be extendable within the second column section, and a nut locatable within the second column section (accessible from a side opening in the section) may be used to screw the column sections together.

[0076] Preferably, the second connecting mechanism comprises engaging splice bars with splice sleeves, filling those sleeves with grout, and optionally installing a bed of grout between the first and second column sections (if levelling is required). Splice sleeves can extend within one or both of the first and second column sections. Splice bars can extend from one or both of the first and second column sections. In some embodiments splice sleeves can extend within both the first and second column sections, and splice bars can be inserted within those sleeves after they have been aligned.

[0077] In some preferred embodiments, when viewed in plan, the splice sleeves are each at a corner of an imaginary rectangle. Each splice sleeve can be embedded to a depth of about 800 mm - 1300 mm from an upper surface of the first column section. Each splice sleeve can be embedded to a depth of about 800 mm - 1300 mm from a lower surface of the second column section.

[0078] Any suitable type of tensioning mechanism can be used so as to tension together the foundation, first column section and second column section to form the singular post-tensioned column. In some embodiments the tensioning mechanism can comprise a tensioning system comprising a threaded tensioning bar and tensioning nut, wherein the tensioning bar is extendable from within the foundation completely through the first and second column sections so as to provide a free threaded end of the tensioning bar above the second column section, and the tensioning nut can engage the free threaded end and be screwed towards the foundation so as to tension the foundation, first and second column sections together.

[0079] One end of the tensioning bar can be cast/embedded within the foundation. That end can be connected to a tensioning plate and one or more nuts each side of the plate. The tensioning system can comprise an internally threaded ferrule (coupler) cast/embedded within an upper region of the foundation through which the tensioning bar can extend.

[0080] The tensioning system can further comprise a tensioning sleeve extending through each of the column sections, for receiving the tensioning bar. Each tensioning sleeve can be formed/cast within that column section. Each tensioning sleeve can be filled with grout. The tensioning system can further comprise a tensioning plate locatable between the tensioning nut and second column section at the free threaded end of the bar.

[0081] An upper end/surface of the second column section can have one or more recesses such that the free end of the tensioning bar nor nut do not extend beyond a top of the second column section.

[0082] An example of a suitable tensioning system is a Macalloy bar and coupler.

[0083] The tensioning mechanism can comprise more than one tensioning system. For example, the tensioning mechanism can comprise one, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or potentially more tensioning systems. Preferably the tensioning mechanism comprises 3 or 4 tensioning systems.

[0084] The precast concrete column assembly and singular post-tensioned column can comprise an alignment system for aligning the foundation with the first column section and second column section. The alignment system can be of any suitable construction. For example, the alignment system can comprise at least one male formation that is received within at least one female formation. In some embodiments the male formation can be, for example, a reinforcement bar, dowel or like element used in the construction industry. In some embodiments the female formation can be, for example, a passage, channel or sleeve incorporated/cast within the foundation and/or first column section. If a sleeve, then preferably the sleeve can be filled with grout or other cementitious mix.

[0085] The precast concrete column assembly and singular post-tensioned column can comprise a retaining system or fastening system or parts thereof for joining with other building elements such as a wall panel. These can be incorporated within one or more column sections at the time of casting the column section/s or when pouring a foundation, or can be installed after erecting a singular post-tensioned column.

[0086] For example, the precast concrete column assembly and singular post-tensioned column can comprise a retaining system or fastening system for holding one or more of the wall panels in position after engagement with the groove. Any suitable type of retaining or fastening system can be used. For example, a gusset or bracket can be positioned beneath a wall panel and fastened to a column section with fasteners (e.g. bolts) to hold the wall panel in place. This can allow for the installation of a roller door, for example.

[0087] For each aspect of the present invention, the precast concrete column assembly and singular post-tensioned column can comprise more than 2 column sections. For example, the precast concrete column assembly and singular post-tensioned column can comprise a third reinforced column section, fourth reinforced column section, fifth reinforced column section even greater number of column sections, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more. The number of column sections will ultimately depend on the height requirements for the singular-post-tensioned column.

[0088] Each further column section can have one or more features as described for the first and second column sections. Each fixrther column section may or may not have a groove or grooves as described for the first and second column sections, but preferably it does.

[0089] Accordingly, the precast concrete column assembly and singular post-tensioned column can comprise more one or more further connecting mechanisms for connecting further column sections together. Each fixrther connecting mechanism can have one or more features as described for the first and second connecting mechanisms.

[0090] Regarding the tensioning mechanism for any further column section, for some embodiments this can be as described above or essentially as described above. This could include using a longer threaded tensioning bar that also extends through any fixrther column section.

[0091] In some embodiments a free threaded end of the tensioning bar located above the second column section can be screwed to a further tensioning bar by way of a threaded coupler. The fixrther tensioning bar can extend through one or more further column sections and be tensioned using a tensioning nut located above a topmost column section, essentially as described above.

[0092] In yet other embodiments one end of the tensioning bar can be cast/embedded within, for example, the second column section. That end can be connected to a tensioning plate and one or more nuts each side of the plate. The tensioning system can comprise an internally threaded ferrule (coupler) cast/embedded within an upper region of the, for example, second column section through which the tensioning bar can extend.

[0093] The tensioning system can further comprise a tensioning sleeve extending through each of the further column sections, for receiving the tensioning bar. Each tensioning sleeve can be formed/cast within that further column section. Each tensioning sleeve can be filled with grout. The tensioning system can further comprise a tensioning plate locatable between the tensioning nut and topmost column section at the free threaded end of the bar.

[0094] An upper end/surface of the topmost column section can have one or more recesses such that the free end of the tensioning bar nor nut do not extend beyond a top of the topmost column section. Alternatively, an upper end/surface of the topmost column section can be substantially planar/flat. A mounting plate or bracket for connection to a roof structure can be fastened to the upper end/surface of the topmost column section.

[0095] As mentioned, the tensioning mechanism can comprise more than one tensioning system. For example, the tensioning mechanism can comprise one, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or potentially more tensioning systems, depending on how many column sections are to be post-tensioned to the foundation. A first set of tensioning systems can be used to post tension the first two column sections together. A second set of tensioning systems can be used to tension further column sections together, in which case the second set may be offset relative to the first set as compared with the respective central axis.

[0096] The wall panel can be of any suitable size, shape and construction and can be made of any suitable material or materials. Typically the wall panel will have a pair of opposed ends that can be received by a said groove, an upper end and a lower end. Typically the length of the wall panel will be anywhere between 2600 mm - 6000 mm, but preferably about 500 mm. Typically the height of the wall panel will be anywhere between 200 mm - 3600 mm, but preferably about 1500 mm. Typically the width of the wall panel will be anywhere between 75mm - 250 mm, but preferably about 120 mm.

[0097] As previously mentioned, the end of the wall panel will be shaped for engagement with the groove. The wall panel and can have any suitable profile/shape when viewed in plan, eg. substantially U-shaped, substantially V-shaped, substantially C-shaped arcuate, angular and/or tapered. Preferably when the wall panel and is located within the groove to form a joint, the joint can be grouted.

[0098] The upper end and/or lower end can be shaped for engagement with other wall panels. The upper and/or lower end can have any suitable profile/shape, eg. substantially U-shaped, substantially V-shaped, substantially C-shaped arcuate, angular, tapered, notched, stepped periphery or other. In some embodiments the wall panel can have a notch or recess that extends along a longitudinal length of the wall panel and a projection that also extends along a longitudinal length of the wall panel, and the projection can be received within the notch or recess of a like adjacent wall panel so as to form a joint.

[0099] The wall panel joint as well as all other joints with the column assembly etc, can be sealed and surface finished in any suitable way. For example, a sealant can be used to render the joints substantially watertight. For example, the joints can be grouted. For example, a surface finish can be applied, such as a render or paint or other type of waterproofing material or decorative finish.

[00100] The wall panel can have a face that is rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal or any other geometrical shape that allows its linear end to engage the groove.

[00101] The wall panel can be reinforced, and this may be achieved in any suitable way. Typically reinforcement will be cast into/embedded into the wall panel at the time of forming the wall panel. The amount and type of reinforcement will depend on the properties that the wall panel is to have. Suitable reinforcement includes reinforcement bars, rods, dowels or mesh. Typically these are made of metal.

[00102] Ultimately, the wall panel will be engineered according to the task at hand.

[00103] The wall panel can be formed with an opening so as to allow the installation of a door or window.

[00104] The erected building or other structure can be of any suitable size and shape. “Building” means, but is not limited to, a domestic building, commercial building, industrial building, shed, shopping centre, high-rise etc. “Other structure” means, but is not limited to, any suitable type of freestanding structure such as a wall, fence, boundary, bridge, wharf, jetty, etc.

[00105] It can have any suitable number of foundations. It can utilise any suitable number of post-tensioned columns. It can utilise any suitable number of wall panels. It can utilise any suitable number of openings for the installation of doors or roller doors, for example. It can have any suitable type of roof structure.

[00106] The post-tensioned columns form a cantilever building elements that can support the roof structure and wall panels. In preferred embodiments the building is an industrial shed, but this need not be the case.

[00107] Erecting the building can comprise the following steps: 1. Installing the foundations (normally being poured in situ); Connecting each first column section with its respective foundation, and ensuring they are properly aligned with the foundations; Optionally, installing wall panels to form a perimeter base; Optionally, installing a concrete floor within the perimeter base; Connecting each second column section with its respective first column section, and ensuring they are properly aligned; Tensioning the column sections and foundations; Installing further wall panels to complete all wall structures of the building; Installing a roof structure.

[00108] The method can have other steps or features as explained in the Detailed Description section, and it is to be understood that any steps or features recited therein can be used independently of other steps or features recited therein. That is, any of the features described herein can be combined in any combination with any one or more of the other features described herein within the scope of the invention. Features of products can be used as features in method steps and vice versa.

[00109] Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the paragraphs below.

[00110] 1. A precast concrete column assembly for forming a singular post-tensioned column, said assembly comprising: [00111] optionally, a ground engaging or ground engageable reinforced column foundation, comprising a central axis; [00112] a first reinforced column section comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove of the first reinforced column section is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; [00113] a second reinforced column section comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove of the second reinforced column section is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; [00114] a first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the reinforced column foundation to the first reinforced column section such that the central axes of the reinforced column foundation and first reinforced column section align; [00115] a second connecting mechanism adapted to connect the first reinforced column section to the second reinforced column section such that the central axes of the first and second reinforced column sections align; and [00116] a tensioning mechanism adapted to tension together the first reinforced column section, second reinforced column section and reinforced column foundation so as to form the singular post-tensioned column.

[00117] 2. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the precast concrete column assembly comprises the reinforced column foundation.

[00118] 3. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the at least one groove of the first reinforced column section extends longitudinally along a full length of the first reinforced column section.

[00119] 4. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the at least one groove of the first reinforced column section is sized to receive more than at least one end of said at least one wall panel, such that said wall panels engaging said at least one groove of the first reinforced column section are stackable atop each other.

[00120] 5. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the first reinforced column section has two of said at least one groove diametrically opposed to each other, extending relative to the central axis of the first reinforced column section.

[00121] 6. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the first reinforced column section has two of said at least one groove extending substantially perpendicularly of each other and substantially parallel with the central axis of the first reinforced column section.

[00122] 7. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the at least one groove of the second reinforced column section extends longitudinally along a full length of the second reinforced column section.

[00123] 8. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the at least one groove of the second reinforced column section is sized to receive more than at least one end of said at least one wall panel, such that said wall panels engaging said at least one groove of the second reinforced column section are stackable atop each other.

[00124] 9. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the second reinforced column section has two of said at least one groove diametrically opposed to each other, extending relative to the central axis of the second reinforced column section.

[00125] 10. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the second reinforced column section has two of said at least one groove extending substantially perpendicularly of each other and substantially parallel with the central axis of the second reinforced column section.

[00126] 11. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein external shapes of the first and second reinforced column sections are substantially identical to each other and the at least one groove of the first and second reinforced column sections align within a common plane.

[00127] 12. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the reinforced column foundation to the first reinforced column section is selected from the group consisting of a bed of grout installable between the reinforced column foundation and first reinforced column section, a plate or shim locatable between the reinforced column foundation and the first reinforced column section, at least one male formation receivable within at least one female formation, and one or more mechanical fastening systems.

[00128] 13. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the reinforced column foundation to the first reinforced column section comprises reinforcement bars and sleeves, wherein the reinforcement bars are extendible from within the reinforced column foundation and receivable within respective sleeves incorporated within the first reinforced column section.

[00129] 14. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the reinforced column foundation to the first reinforced column section comprises splice bars, splice sleeves and grout, wherein said splice bars are engageable with the splice sleeves, the splice sleeves are fillable with grout, and a bed of grout is installable between the reinforced column foundation and the first reinforced column section if levelling is required.

[00130] 15. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the second connecting mechanism adapted to connect the first reinforced column section to the second reinforced column section is selected from the group consisting of a bed of grout installable between the first and second reinforced column sections, a plate or shim locatable between the first and second reinforced column sections, at least one male formation that receivable within at least one female formation, and one or more mechanical fastening systems. [00131] 16. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the second connecting mechanism adapted to connect the first reinforced column section to the second reinforced column section comprises splice bars, splice sleeves and grout, wherein said splice bars are engageable with the splice sleeves, the splice sleeves are fillable with grout, and a bed of grout is installable between the first and second reinforced column sections if levelling is required.

[00132] 17. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the tensioning mechanism comprises a threaded tensioning bar and tensioning nut, wherein the tensioning bar is extendible from within the reinforced column foundation completely through the first and second reinforced column sections so as to provide a free threaded end of the tensioning bar above the second reinforced column section, and the tensioning nut is engageable with the free threaded end so as to tension the reinforced column foundation, first and second reinforced column sections together.

[00133] 18. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein one end of the tensioning bar is adapted to be embedded within the reinforced column foundation, and said one end is connectable to a tensioning plate and one or more nuts each side of the plate. [00134] 19. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the tensioning system comprises an internally threaded coupler adapted to be embedded within an upper region of the reinforced column foundation through which the tensioning bar is extendible. [00135] 20. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a tensioning sleeve extendible through each of the first and second reinforced column sections, for receiving the tensioning bar.

[00136] 21. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the tensioning sleeve is fillable with grout.

[00137] 22. The precast concrete column assembly as described above, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a tensioning plate locatable between the tensioning nut and second reinforced column section at the free threaded end of the bar.

[00138] 23. The precast concrete column assembly as described above further comprising an alignment system adapted to align the reinforced column foundation with the first reinforced column section and second reinforced column section.

[00139] 24. The precast concrete column assembly as described above further comprising: [00140] at least a third reinforced column comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove of the third reinforced column section is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; and [00141] at least a third connecting mechanism adapted to connect the second reinforced column section to the third reinforced column section such that central axes of the second and third reinforced column sections align, [00142] wherein said tensioning mechanism or a further tensioning mechanism is adapted to tension together the first reinforced column section, the second reinforced column section, the reinforced column foundation and the at least third reinforced column section so as to form the singular post-tensioned column.

[00143] 25. A singular post-tensioned column formed from the precast concrete column assembly as described above.

[00144] 26. The singular post-tensioned column as described above when incorporated within a building selected from the group consisting of a domestic building, commercial building, industrial building, shed, shopping centre, high-rise, freestanding structure, wall, fence, boundary, bridge, wharf and jetty.

[00145] 27. A method of constructing a singular post-tensioned column using the precast concrete column assembly as described above, said method comprising the steps of: [00146] installing a reinforced column foundation within the ground, wherein the reinforced column foundation has a central axis; [00147] connecting a first reinforced column section to the reinforced column foundation using a first connecting mechanism such that the central axis of the reinforced column foundation and a central axis of the first reinforced column section align; [00148] connecting a second reinforced column section to the first reinforced column section using a second connecting mechanism such that the central axis of the first reinforced column section and a central axis of the second reinforced column section align; and [00149] using a tensioning mechanism to tension together the first reinforced column section, second reinforced column section and reinforced column foundation, wherein: [00150] the first reinforced column section comprises at least one groove extending substantially parallel with its central axis that is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; and [00151] the second reinforced column section comprises at least one groove extending substantially parallel with its central axis that is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel.

[00152] 28. A reinforced column foundation, a first reinforced column section or a second reinforced column section when used for the method described above.

[00153] 29. A mould, formwork or bore for casting a reinforced column foundation, a first reinforced column section or a second reinforced column section as described above.

[00154] 30. A method of erecting a building or other structure, said method comprising the step of utilising at least one precast concrete column assembly as described above or incorporating the method described above.

[00155] 31. A building or other structure comprising at least one precast concrete column assembly as described above or at least one singular post-tensioned column as described above, or a building or other structure when produced by the method described above.

[00156] 32. The building or other structure as described above, selected from the group consisting of a domestic building, commercial building, industrial building, shed, shopping centre, high-rise, freestanding structure, wall, fence, boundary, bridge, wharf and jetty.

[00157] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.

[00158] Preferred features, embodiments and variations of the invention may be discerned from the following Detailed Description which provides sufficient information for those skilled in the art to perform the invention. The Detailed Description is not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the preceding Summary of the Invention in any way. The Detailed Description will make reference to a number of figures as follows: [00159] Figure 1 is a detailed elevation view of part of a column assembly that includes a first column section PC la connected to a column foundation, according to an embodiment of the invention; [00160] Figure 2 is a detailed plan (base) view of the first column section PC la, but further shown engaging two wall panels; [00161] Figure 3 is a detailed elevation view of part of the column assembly of Figure 1 but further showing column section PC lb, according to an embodiment of the invention; [00162] Figure 4 is a detailed plan view (at the splice point) of column section PClb, but further shown engaging two wall panels; [00163] Figure 5 is a detailed elevation view of column section PClb, when post-tensioned; [00164] Figure 6 is a detailed elevation/section view of part of a column assembly that includes a first column section PC2a connected to a column foundation, according to an embodiment of the invention; [00165] Figure 7 is a detailed plan (base) view of the first column section PC2a, but further shown engaging two wall panels; [00166] Figure 8 is a detailed elevation/section view of part of the column assembly of Figure 6 but further showing column section PC2b, according to an embodiment of the invention; [00167] Figure 9 is a detailed plan view (at the splice point) of column section PC2b, but further shown engaging two wall panels; [00168] Figure 10 is a detailed elevation view of column section PC2b, when post-tensioned; [00169] Figure 11 is a perspective view of a partially erected building (industrial shed) that has been erected using column assemblies of the earlier figures, according to an embodiment of the present invention; [00170] Figure 12 is a plan view for the building shown in Figure 11; [00171] Figure 13 is a detailed elevation view of a longitudinal side of the building shown in Figure 12; [00172] Figure 14 is a detailed elevation view of the other longitudinal side of the building shown in Figure 12; [00173] Figure 15 is a detailed elevation view of a shorter side of the building shown in Figure 12; [00174] Figure 16 is a detailed elevation view of the other shorter side of the building shown in Figure 12; [00175] Figure 17 is a plan view showing the column assemblies engaged with wall panels of the building shown in Figure 11; [00176] Figure 18 is a detailed elevation view of part of the building shown in the earlier figures; [00177] Figure 19 is a detailed elevation view of part of the building shown in the earlier figures; [00178] Figure 20 is a detailed elevation view of part of the building shown in the earlier figures; [00179] Figure 21 is a detailed elevation view of part of the building shown in the earlier figures; [00180] Figure 22 is a detailed side elevation view of 2 wall panels connected together, of the building shown in the earlier figures; [00181] Figure 23 is a detailed plan view of column section PC la and a lintel wall panel adjacent a roller door opening; [00182] Figure 24 is a sectional view taken through plane A-A of Figure 23; [00183] Figure 25 is a sectional view taken through plane B-B of Figure 24; [00184] Figure 26 is a detailed elevation view of part of the building shown in the earlier figures; [00185] Figure 27 is a detailed elevation view of part of the building shown in the earlier figures; and [00186] Figure 28 is a detailed elevation view of part of the building shown in the earlier figures.

[00187] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[00188] Referring first to Figure 11, there is shown a partially erected building 100 (industrial storage shed) that has two elongate sides 101a, 101b, two shorter sides 102a, 102b and a concrete floor 103 extending between those sides. Although not shown, a roof structure would normally extend over the floor 103 and sides 101, 102. A concrete pad 104 extends from one of the shorter sides 102a, upon which can be erected an office or like structure (not shown).

[00189] The building 100 includes singular post-tensioned columns 10, 50 spaced about a perimeter of the building 100 (not all of which have been labelled), each of which includes a reinforced concrete column foundation 20, 60, a first precast reinforced concrete column section 30, 70 and a second precast reinforced concrete column section 40, 80. The building 100 also includes precast concrete wall panels 110 of varying height that engage with and extend between adjacently spaced post-tensioned columns 10, 50.

[00190] Each side of the building 101, 102 has one or more openings for doors 105 or roller doors 106. Doors 105 or roller doors 106 would be installed within the openings in a fairly conventional manner. The door openings 105 are moulded into the wall panels 110a themselves. The roller door openings 106 are provided by ‘missing’ wall panels 110. One of the wall panels 110b acts as a roller door lintel.

[00191] Referring now to figures 1-10 as well as Figures 11 and 12, each post-tensioned column 10, 50 is constructed from a column assembly 10, 50. The building 100 has two general types of column assemblies 10, 50. The first type of column assembly 10, includes a foundation 20, first column section (PCla) 30 and second column section (PClb) 40, and is located at positions other than at the comers of the building 100. The second type of column assembly 50 includes a foundation 60, first column section (PC2a) 70 and second column section (PC2b) 80, and is located at the corners of the building 100.

[00192] In addition to a foundation 20, 60, first column section 30, 70 and second column section 40, 80, each column assembly 10, 50 further includes a first connecting mechanism for connecting the column foundation 20, 60 to the first column section 30, 70, a second connecting mechanism for connecting the first column section 30, 70 to the second column section 40, 80, and a tensioning mechanism for tensioning together the first column section 30, 70, second column section 40, 80 and column foundation 20, 60 so as to form a singular post-tensioned column.

[00193] Each first and second column section 30, 40, 70, 80 is post-tensioned to its respective foundation 20, 60 and forms a cantilever building element that can support the roof structure and (non-load bearing) wall panels 110.

[00194] Referring now to Figures 1 to 5, these show the first type of column assembly 10 in greater detail, for constructing a singular post-tensioned column, that (optionally) includes the foundation 20 (pier), the first column section (PCla) 30, and the second column section (PClb) 40. Components of the first connecting mechanism and tensioning mechanism are also shown.

[00195] The foundation 20, further generally depicted in Figure 28 (although some details differ in that figure), has a centrally extending longitudinal axis 21. The foundation 20 includes embedded steel reinforcement in the form of four reinforcement bars 22a that extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 21, as well as helical ties 22b that extend transversely of the central longitudinal axis 21 and between the reinforcement bars 22a.

[00196] The foundation 20 also can include four embedded steel splice bars 23 (part of the first connecting mechanism) that extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 21 to an upper end 24 of the foundation 20 and further externally of the foundation 20. When viewed in plan, the splice bars 23 are each at a corner of an imaginary rectangle. Each splice bar 23 is embedded to a depth of about 1300 mm and extends from the upper end 24 of the foundation 20 by about 1300 mm.

[00197] The foundation 20 also includes components of four embedded steel tensioning bar systems 25 (part of the tensioning mechanism) for tensioning with column sections PC la 30 and PC lb 40. Each tensioning bar system 25 includes an internally threaded ferrule (coupler) 25a, a tensioning bar 25b (25 mm diameter) threaded at each end thereof, a tensioning plate 25c (100 x 100 x 16 mm) and two tensioning nuts 25d that are positioned each side of the plate 25c. The tensioning bar 25b extends through and is screwed to the coupler 25 a. A lower end of the tensioning bar 25b is screwed to two nuts 25 d, which in turn sandwich a tensioning plate 25 c.

[00198] As seen in Figures 1, 2 and 3, column section PCla 30 has a centrally located longitudinal axis 39. Column section PCla 30 has an upper region 31 and a lower region 32. The upper region 31 is shown in Figure 3 whereas the lower region 32 is shown in Figure 1. The lower region 32 of column section PCla 30 includes four embedded corrugated metal splice sleeves 33 (grout tubes) which are part of the first connecting mechanism. Each splice sleeve 33 extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 39 to the lower region 32 of the column section 30. These sleeves 33 each receive a splice bar 23 of the foundation 20. When viewed in plan, the splice sleeves 33 are each at a comer of an imaginary rectangle. Each splice sleeve 33 is embedded to a depth of about 1300 mm from a lower surface. Each splice sleeve 33 is adapted to be filled with non-shrinking grout, which can be introduced by way of a grout tube inlet 33a (not all have been labelled).

[00199] The upper region 31 of column section PCla 30 includes four embedded corrugated metal splice sleeves 36 (grout tubes) which form part of the second connecting mechanism. Each splice sleeve 36 extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 39 to an upper end of the column section PCla 30. These sleeves 36 each receive a splice bar (not shown), which also form part of the second connecting mechanism. When viewed in plan, the splice sleeves 36 are each at a corner of an imaginary rectangle. Each splice sleeve 36 is embedded to a depth of about 800 mm from the upper surface. Each splice sleeve 36 is adapted to be filled with non-shrinking grout, which can be introduced by way of a grout tube inlet 36a (not all have been labelled).

[00200] Column section PCla 30 includes four embedded tensioning sleeves 25e of the tensioning bar systems. The tensioning sleeves 25e extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 39 and completely through the column section 30, from the upper end of the column section 30 to the lower end of the column section 30. When viewed in plan, the tensioning sleeves 25 e are each at a comer of an imaginary rectangle and coincide with the couplers 25 a and threaded bars 25b of the foundation 20. Each tensioning sleeve 25 e is adapted to receive a threaded bar 25b of the foundation 20. Each tensioning sleeve 25 e is adapted to receive non-shrinking grout.

[00201] Column section PCla 30 includes embedded steel reinforcement 37 in the form of four reinforcement bars that extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 39, as well as ties that extend transversely of the central longitudinal axis 39 and wind around the reinforcement bars. Further tie pairs extend transversely of the longitudinal axis 39 and hook around the tensioning sleeves 25e. In particular, a first tie of a tie pair hooks around a pair of tensioning sleeves 25 e, and a second tie of a tie pair hooks around another pair of tensioning sleeves 25 e, as seen in Figure 2.

[00202] Column section PCla 30 includes a first groove 38a that extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 39 from the upper surface to the lower surface of the section 30. Column section PCla 30 includes a second groove 38b that extends substantially within the same plane as the central longitudinal axis 39 and first groove 38a, from the upper surface to the lower surface of the section 30. Each groove 38 is dimensioned to receive an end of at least one wall panel 110, as seen in Figure 11. Adjacent stacked wall panels 110 extend substantially within the same plane. Wall panels 110 situated in each groove 38 likewise extend substantially within the same plane.

[00203] As seen in Figures 3, 4 and 5, column section PClb 40 has a centrally located longitudinal axis 49. Column section PClb 40 has an upper region 41 and a lower region 42. The upper region 41 is shown in Figure 5 whereas the lower region 42 is shown in Figures 3 and 4. The lower region 42 of column section PClb 40 includes four embedded corrugated metal splice sleeves 43 (grout tubes). Each splice sleeve 43 extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 49 to a lower end of the section 40. These sleeves 43 can each receive a splice bar (not shown). When viewed in plan, the splice sleeves 43 are each at a comer of an imaginary rectangle. The splice sleeves 43 coincide with the splice sleeves 36 of the upper region of column section PCla 30. Each splice sleeve 43 is embedded to a depth of about 800 mm from the lower surface. Each splice sleeve 43 is adapted to be filled with non-shrinking grout, which can be introduced by way of a grout tube inlet. The upper region of column section PClb is devoid of splice sleeves.

[00204] Column section PClb 40 includes four embedded tensioning sleeves 25e of the tensioning bar systems. Each tensioning sleeve 25e is adapted to receive non-shrinking grout. The tensioning sleeves 25e extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 49 and completely through the column section 40, from the upper end of the column section 40 to the lower end of the column section 40. When viewed in plan, the tensioning sleeves 25 e are each at a comer of an imaginary rectangle and coincide with the tensioning sleeves 25 e of column section PCla 30. Each tensioning sleeve 25e is adapted to receive a threaded bar 25b of the foundation 20 and a free end of the threaded bar 25b can extend from the upper surface of column section PClb 40. Each tensioning system includes another tensioning nut 25d and plate 25c. As seen in Figure 5, the threaded end of the tensioning bar 25b can be extended through the plate 25c and screwed to the nut 25d. The bars 25b can be tensioned with a torque wrench calibrated to manufacturer’s specifications, the minimum torque of 720Nm to be applied to the nut 25 d.

[00205] Column section PClb 40 also includes embedded steel reinforcement 44 in the form of four reinforcement bars that extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 49, as well as ties that extend transversely of the central longitudinal axis 49 and wind around the reinforcement bars. Further tie pairs extend transversely of the longitudinal axis 49 and hook around the tensioning sleeves 25e. In particular, a first tie of a tie pair hooks around a pair of tensioning sleeves 25 e, and a second tie of a tie pair hooks around another pair of tensioning sleeves 25 e, as seen in Figure 4.

[00206] Column section PClb 40 includes a first groove 48a that extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 49 from the upper surface to the lower surface of the section 40. Column section PClb 40 includes a second groove 48b that extends substantially within the same plane as the central longitudinal axis 49 and first groove 48a, from the upper surface to the lower surface of the section 40. These grooves 48 coincide with the grooves 38 of column section PCla 30. Each groove 48 is dimensioned to receive an end of at least one wall panel 110, as seen in Figure 11. Adjacent stacked wall panels 110 extend substantially within the same plane. Wall panels 110 situated in each groove 48 likewise extend substantially within the same plane.

[00207] Turning now to Figures 6 to 10, these show the other second column assembly 50 that includes the foundation 60, first column section PC2a 70, and second column section PC2b 80.

[00208] The foundation 60, further generally depicted in Figure 28 (although there are differences), has a centrally located longitudinal axis 61. The foundation 60 includes embedded steel reinforcement 62 in the form of four reinforcement bars that extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 61, as well as helical ties that extend transversely of the central longitudinal axis 61 and between the reinforcement bars.

[00209] The foundation 60 also includes six embedded steel splice bars 63 (which form part of the first connecting mechanism) that extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 61 to an upper end 64 of the foundation 60 and fixrther externally of the foundation 60. Three of the splice bars 63 are embedded to a depth of about 1300 mm and extend from the upper end of the foundation 60 by about 1300 mm. Two of the splice bars 63 are embedded to a depth of about 800 mm and extend from the upper end of the foundation 60 by about 800 mm.

[00210] The foundation 60 also includes components of four embedded steel tensioning bar systems (being components of the tensioning bar mechanism) for tensioning with column sections PC21a 70 and PC2b 80. Each tensioning bar system includes an internally threaded ferrule 65a (coupler), a tensioning bar 65b (25 mm diameter) threaded at each end thereof, a tensioning plate 65c (100 x 100 x 16 mm) and two tensioning nuts 65d that are positioned each side of the plate 6c. The tensioning bar 65b extends through and is screwed to the coupler 65 a. A lower end of the tensioning bar 65b is screwed to two nuts 65 d, which in turn sandwich a tensioning plate 65 c.

[00211] As seen in Figures 6, 7 and 8, column section PC2a 70 has a centrally located longitudinal axis 79. Column section PC2a 70 has an upper region 71 and a lower region 72. The upper region 71 is shown in Figure 8 whereas the lower region 72 is shown in Figures 6 and 7. The lower region 72 of column section PC2a 70 includes six embedded corrugated metal splice sleeves 73 (grout tubes) which form part of the first connecting mechanism. Each splice sleeve 73 extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 79 to a lower end of the foundation 70. These sleeves 73 can each receive a splice bar (not shown), which form part of the first connecting mechanism. Four of the splice sleeves 73 are embedded to a depth of about 1300 mm from the lower surface. Two of the splice sleeves 73 are embedded to a depth of about 800 mm from the lower surface. Each splice sleeve 73 is adapted to be filled with non-shrinking grout, which can be introduced by way of a grout tube inlet 73 a.

[00212] The upper region 71 of column section PC2a 70 includes four embedded corrugated metal splice sleeves 75 (grout tubes), which form part of the second connecting mechanism. Each splice sleeve 75 extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 79 to an upper end of the column section PC2a 70. These sleeves 75 each receive a splice bar (not shown), which form part of the second connecting mechanism. Each splice sleeve 75 is embedded to a depth of about 800 mm from the upper surface. Each splice sleeve 75 is adapted to be filled with non-shrinking grout, which can be introduced by way of a grout tube inlet (not labelled).

[00213] Column section PC2a 70 includes four embedded tensioning sleeves 65e of the tensioning bar systems. The tensioning sleeves 65e extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 79 and completely through the column section 70, from the upper end of the column section 70 to the lower end of the column section 70. When viewed in plan, the tensioning sleeves 65 e are each at a corner of an imaginary rectangle and coincide with the threaded bars 65b of the foundation 60. Each tensioning sleeve 65 e is adapted to receive a threaded bar 65b of the foundation 60. Each tensioning sleeve 65 e is adapted to receive nonshrinking grout.

[00214] Column section PC2a 70 also includes embedded steel reinforcement 77 in the form of two reinforcement bars that extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 79, as well as ties that extend transversely of the central longitudinal axis 79 and hook around the reinforcement bars. Further ties extend transversely of the longitudinal axis 79 and hook around the tensioning sleeves. In particular, a first tie hooks around a pair of tensioning sleeves 65e, a second tie hooks around another pair of tensioning sleeves 65e, a third tie hooks around the reinforcement bars, and a fourth tie hooks around one of the tensioning sleeves 65 e and reinforcement bars, as seen in Figure 7.

[00215] When viewed in plan, column section PC2a 70 includes a first groove 78a that extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 79 from the upper surface to the lower surface of the section 70. Column section PC2a 70 includes a second groove 78b that extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 79 but perpendicularly of the first groove 78a, from the upper surface to the lower surface of the section 70. Each groove 78 is dimensioned to receive an end of at least one wall panel 110, as seen in Figure 11. Adjacent stacked wall panels 110 of the first groove 78a extend substantially within the same plane. Adjacent stacked wall panels 110 of the second groove 78b extend substantially within the same plane. Wall panels 110 engaging the first groove 78a extend at approximately 90° relative to panels engaging the second groove 78b.

[00216] As seen in Figures 8, 9 and 10, column section PC2b 80 has a centrally located longitudinal axis 89. Column section PC2b 80 has an upper region 81 and a lower region 82. The upper region 81 is shown in Figure 10 whereas the lower region 82 is shown in Figures 8 and 9. The lower region 82 of column section PC2b 80 includes four embedded corrugated metal splice sleeves 83 (grout tubes) which form part of the second connecting mechanism. Each splice sleeve 83 extends substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 89 to a lower end of the section 80. These sleeves 83 can each receive a splice bar (not shown), which form part of the second connecting mechanism. The splice sleeves 83 coincide with the splice sleeves 75 of the upper region of column section PC2a 70. Each splice sleeve 83 is embedded to a depth of about 800 mm from the lower surface. Each splice sleeve 83 is adapted to be filled with non-shrinking grout, which can be introduced by way of a grout tube inlet (83a). The upper region 81 of column section PC2b does not have splice sleeves.

[00217] Column section PC2b 80 includes four embedded tensioning sleeves 65e of the tensioning bar systems. Each tensioning sleeve 65e is adapted to receive non-shrinking grout. The tensioning sleeves 65e extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 89 and completely through the column section 80, from an upper end of the column section 80 to a lower end of the column section 80. When viewed in plan, the tensioning sleeves 65e are each at a comer of an imaginary rectangle and coincide with the tensioning sleeves 65e of column section PC2a 70. Each tensioning sleeve 65 e is adapted to receive the threaded bar 65b of the foundation 60 such that a threaded free end of the bar 65b can extend from the upper surface of column section PC2b 80, the threaded end of the tensioning bar 65b can be extended through the plate 65 c and screwed to the nut 65 d. The bars 65b can be tensioned with a torque wrench calibrated to manufacturer’s specifications, to a minimum torque setting of 720Nm (or to any torque setting specified by the engineers).

[00218] Column section PC2b 80 also includes embedded steel reinforcement 87 in the form of reinforcement bars that extend substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis 89, as well as ties that extend transversely of the central longitudinal axis 89 and hook around the reinforcement bars. Further ties extend transversely of the longitudinal axis 89 and hook around the tensioning sleeves. In particular, a first tie hooks around a pair of tensioning sleeves 65e, a second tie hooks around another pair of tensioning sleeves 65e, a third tie hooks around the reinforcement bars, and a fourth tie hooks around one of the tensioning sleeves 65 e and reinforcement bars, as seen in Figure 9.

[00219] Figures 11, 12 and 17 show how the column assemblies/singular post-tensioned columns 10, 50 can be positioned to provide load-bearing cantilevered elements of the building 100. Figures 11-16 show how the wall panels 110 can be arranged with regard to the column assemblies 10, 50. Each joint/connection made by a column assembly 10, 50 with a wall panel 110 is filled with grout, and the grouted joint is finished by way of application of sealant and waterproofing to each panel wall face and column section.

[00220] As seen in Figures 11 and 13 to 22, the wall panels 110 can be of common length and width but of differing height. The height of each wall panel 110 will depend on its intended use. For example, the wall panels 1 lOd serving as a building perimeter base can be of 580 mm height and serve as a border 1 lOd for the pouring of a concrete floor. This can be seen in Figures 11,21, 26 and 27. As previously mentioned, some wall panels 110 have rectangular openings for installing doors 110a. Some wall panels serve as lintels for roller doors 110b.

[00221] With regard to lintels 110b for roller doors, this is further shown in Figures 23 to 25. A fastening assembly 90 includes a pair of plate gussets 91 and fastening bolts 92. In order to suspend the wall panel lintel 110b, each plate gusset 91 is first screwed to column section PC lb or PC2b using the fastening bolts 92.

[00222] As seen in Figures 18 to 20 each wall panel 110 incorporates a cast-in steel reinforcement mesh.

[00223] As seen in Figure 22, upper and lower longitudinal edges of each wall panel 110 each have a notch-recess 130 that extends along a longitudinal length of the wall panel 110 and a projection 131 that also extends along a longitudinal length of the wall panel 110. The projection 131 can be received within the notch-recess 130 of a like adjacent wall panel 110 so as to form a joint. The joint can be grouted with non-shrinking grout. The grouted joint is finished by way of application of sealant 190 and waterproofing to each panel wall face.

[00224] Referring now to Figures 26 and 27, these depict the installation of a concrete floor 103. Figure 26 shows the installation of a sump and cover (drain) 140, and the drain 140 is best seen in Figure 12, which corresponds to a bulk storage set-down area of the building 110.

[00225] A method for erecting the building shown in Figure 11 will now be described.

[00226] A sub-base area wider than the required building width and length is compacted and levelled. Testing is undertaken for piers bored to a depth of up to 3m or more, depending on the engineer’s foundation design and soil type.

[00227] The general building site is set out, including positioning of foundations 20, 60, column sections PC la, PC lb, PC2a, PC2b 30, 40, 70, 80, and all drainage, electrical, gas, telecommunication, data cables, water and hydrants etc.

[00228] Foundation holes are drilled to engineer foundation specification, approximately 900 mm in diameter.

[00229] Splice bars, connecting components of the tensioning systems, grout tubing and the like are placed in the desired locations.

[00230] The foundations 20, 60 are poured in situ, complete with their respective splice bars and tensioning systems etc.

[00231] Column sections PC la and PC2a 30, 40, 70, 80 are connected to their respective foundations 20, 60 to form partial column assemblies 10, 50 using a small tonnage crane (10-25 tonne capacity), and these (including tensioning bars and splice bars) are laser aligned.

[00232] A grout bed 11, as seen in Figure 1, is poured between the upper end of the foundation 20 and the lower end of column section PCla 30 and levelled. A grout bed 13, as seen in Figure 6, is poured between the upper end of the foundation 60 and the lower end of column section PC2a 70 and levelled. The splice sleeves of PCla 30 and PC2a 70 are filled with grout at the required pressure (non-shrinking 50 Mpa grout).

[00233] After the concrete curing time has lapsed (approximately seven days), using a small tonnage crane (10-25 tonne capacity), wall panels llOd are fitted between each of the columns PCla 30 and PC2a 70 around the perimeter of the building 100 to form a perimeter base llOd. These wall panels llOd are approximately 600 mm in height and are shimmed at the lower longitudinal edge so that the upper longitudinal ledge of each panel will achieve a precise finished concrete floor height and be perfectly level horizontally. When all perimeter base wall panels llOd have been fitted and grouted into the column assembly 10, 50, then the concrete floor 103 is ready for construction.

[00234] The concrete floor 103 is poured and inspected by relevant authorities. The floor 103 is then finished to the required floor height, with crack control measures in place.

[00235] Once the floor slab 103 has cured (for a minimum of seven to ten days), a small tonnage crane (10-25 tonne capacity) can be operated upon the building floor 103 and proceed to connect column sections PClb 40 and PC2b 80 by placing and grouting splice bars within their respective splice sleeves.

[00236] If the column assembly 10, 50 is not precisely 100% vertical such that the top edge of column sections PClb 40 and PC2b 80 extends horizontally, then a bed of non-shrinking grout 12, 14 (non-shrinking 50 Mpa grout), as seen in Figures 3 and 8, is applied to the top surface of column sections PCla 30, 70 and PC2a and levelled before fitting column sections PClb 40 and PC2b 80.

[00237] Once the column sections 30, 40, 70, 80 have been stacked in the required manner then all tensioning bars 25b, 65b are tensioned to 720 Nm or to any other engineered specification requirement.

[00238] All tensioning sleeves 25e, 65e are then filled with grout using a pressure pump.

[00239] In this way, singular post-tensioned columns are formed.

[00240] As per Figures 11 and 12, a further wall panel 110 is placed atop the perimeter base wall panel between the column assemblies 10, 50 and all vertical and horizontal joints between the stacked wall panels and adjacent column assemblies are grouted. This process is repeated with each subsequent wall panel ‘layer’ until the desired wall panel heights have been achieved.

[00241] A roof structure is connected to the column assemblies using mechanical fasteners.

[00242] Doors, roller assemblies and offices can then be installed or erected.

[00243] General advantages of the present invention include the following: [00244] The column assembly is load bearing and can form a cantilever building element that can support a roof structure and wall panels.

[00245] The column assembly can be precast in sections off-site and can be easily transported on-site for use.

[00246] The building can be erected using lighter frame building elements, which means that smaller cranes or other lifting equipment can be used.

[00247] The building can have a two hour fire rated certificate.

[00248] The building can be erected on boundaries and smaller land lot sizes.

[00249] The rate of construction can be faster, with components arriving as needed by transport.

[00250] Wall panels are thinner as they are a non-load bearing wall.

[00251] Developers and perspective tenants can save money due to the shorter construction time frames.

[00252] More specific advantages of the present invention as exemplified, or differences from convention construction systems, include the following: [00253] · The invention as exemplified is not a tilt-up concrete construction system.

[00254] · The invention as exemplified does not require a steel column frame to support concrete walls.

[00255] · The invention as exemplified is designed to have minimum steel structure in the roof.

[00256] · The invention as exemplified is a transportable precast system.

[00257] · For the invention as exemplified, the concrete wall panels are supported by the singular post-tensioned columns and so are not loaded bearing, which allows for reducing wall thickness.

[00258] · The invention as exemplified only requires smaller Franna-type cranes for erection of all building components.

[00259] · For the invention as exemplified, multiple concrete singular columns are held in tension as one.

[00260] · The invention as exemplified creates a unique cantilever engineering system, and cantilever columns provide lateral support to the structure, removing the need for vertical steel bracing.

[00261] · The invention as exemplified is much easier to construct than using conventional construction systems.

[00262] · The invention as exemplified allows for a bored pier foundation to underside of floor thickness height.

[00263] · For the invention as exemplified, columns are attached to building perimeter foundations.

[00264] · For the invention as exemplified, 600mm height concrete wall panels are attached between each column. These panels become the permanent formwork for the construction of the concrete floor.

[00265] · For the invention as exemplified, a minimum floor curing period of 7 days allows construction to continue on the internal shed floor. (This is advantageous when fire rated walls are required on boundaries).

[00266] · The invention as exemplified can be used on a minimum sized allotment with adjacent buildings on boundaries.

[00267] · For the invention as exemplified, all components can be transported to site and erected with a small crane as components arrive.

[00268] · For the invention as exemplified, work can commence on the internal concrete floor after 7 days, resulting in ease of construction and increased safety.

[00269] · The invention as exemplified avoids the need for galvanized structural steel columns, particularly in coastal areas.

[00270] · For the invention as exemplified, the length of shed design is not important. Widths over 24 meters can still be catered for but heavier roof beams and foundations may be required.

[00271] · For the invention as exemplified, there is minimum loss to internal square metre space due to the design of the precast columns.

[00272] · For the invention as exemplified, speed of building is greatly improved, allowing for faster occupancy by tenants.

[00273] · For the invention as exemplified, fire and acoustics requirements are covered due to total concrete construction. (120 mm thick wall panels provide 120 minutes fire resistance period.) [00274] In the present specification and claims, the word ‘comprising’ and its derivatives including ‘comprises’ and ‘comprise’ include each of the stated integers but does not exclude the inclusion of one or more further integers.

[00275] Reference throughout this specification to ‘one embodiment’ or ‘an embodiment’ means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrases ‘in one embodiment’ or ‘in an embodiment’ in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more combinations.

[00276] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to structural or methodical features. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims (if any) appropriately interpreted by those skilled in the art.

Claims (32)

1. A precast concrete column assembly for forming a singular post-tensioned column, said assembly comprising: optionally, a ground engaging or ground engageable reinforced column foundation, comprising a central axis; a first reinforced column section comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove of the first reinforced column section is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; a second reinforced column section comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove of the second reinforced column section is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; a first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the reinforced column foundation to the first reinforced column section such that the central axes of the reinforced column foundation and first reinforced column section align; a second connecting mechanism adapted to connect the first reinforced column section to the second reinforced column section such that the central axes of the first and second reinforced column sections align; and a tensioning mechanism adapted to tension together the first reinforced column section, second reinforced column section and reinforced column foundation so as to form the singular post-tensioned column.

2. The precast concrete column assembly of claim 1, wherein the precast concrete column assembly comprises the reinforced column foundation.

3. The precast concrete column assembly of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the at least one groove of the first reinforced column section extends longitudinally along a full length of the first reinforced column section.

4. The precast concrete column assembly of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the at least one groove of the first reinforced column section is sized to receive more than at least one end of said at least one wall panel, such that said wall panels engaging said at least one groove of the first reinforced column section are stackable atop each other.

5. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first reinforced column section has two of said at least one groove diametrically opposed to each other, extending relative to the central axis of the first reinforced column section.

6. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first reinforced column section has two of said at least one groove extending substantially perpendicularly of each other and substantially parallel with the central axis of the first reinforced column section.

7. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one groove of the second reinforced column section extends longitudinally along a full length of the second reinforced column section.

8. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one groove of the second reinforced column section is sized to receive more than at least one end of said at least one wall panel, such that said wall panels engaging said at least one groove of the second reinforced column section are stackable atop each other.

9. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second reinforced column section has two of said at least one groove diametrically opposed to each other, extending relative to the central axis of the second reinforced column section.

10. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second reinforced column section has two of said at least one groove extending substantially perpendicularly of each other and substantially parallel with the central axis of the second reinforced column section.

11. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims, wherein external shapes of the first and second reinforced column sections are substantially identical to each other and the at least one groove of the first and second reinforced column sections align within a common plane.

12. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the reinforced column foundation to the first reinforced column section is selected from the group consisting of a bed of grout installable between the reinforced column foundation and first reinforced column section, a plate or shim locatable between the reinforced column foundation and the first reinforced column section, at least one male formation receivable within at least one female formation, and one or more mechanical fastening systems.

13. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the reinforced column foundation to the first reinforced column section comprises reinforcement bars and sleeves, wherein the reinforcement bars are extendible from within the reinforced column foundation and receivable within respective sleeves incorporated within the first reinforced column section.

14. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first connecting mechanism adapted to connect the reinforced column foundation to the first reinforced column section comprises splice bars, splice sleeves and grout, wherein said splice bars are engageable with the splice sleeves, the splice sleeves are Tillable with grout, and a bed of grout is installable between the reinforced column foundation and the first reinforced column section if levelling is required.

15. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second connecting mechanism adapted to connect the first reinforced column section to the second reinforced column section is selected from the group consisting of a bed of grout installable between the first and second reinforced column sections, a plate or shim locatable between the first and second reinforced column sections, at least one male formation that receivable within at least one female formation, and one or more mechanical fastening systems.

16. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the second connecting mechanism adapted to connect the first reinforced column section to the second reinforced column section comprises splice bars, splice sleeves and grout, wherein said splice bars are engageable with the splice sleeves, the splice sleeves are Tillable with grout, and a bed of grout is installable between the first and second reinforced column sections if levelling is required.

17. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tensioning mechanism comprises a threaded tensioning bar and tensioning nut, wherein the tensioning bar is extendible from within the reinforced column foundation completely through the first and second reinforced column sections so as to provide a free threaded end of the tensioning bar above the second reinforced column section, and the tensioning nut is engageable with the free threaded end so as to tension the reinforced column foundation, first and second reinforced column sections together.

18. The precast concrete column assembly of claim 17, wherein one end of the tensioning bar is adapted to be embedded within the reinforced column foundation, and said one end is connectable to a tensioning plate and one or more nuts each side of the plate.

19. The precast concrete column assembly of claim 17 or 18, wherein the tensioning system comprises an internally threaded coupler adapted to be embedded within an upper region of the reinforced column foundation through which the tensioning bar is extendible.

20. The precast concrete column assembly of claim 19, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a tensioning sleeve extendible through each of the first and second reinforced column sections, for receiving the tensioning bar.

21. The precast concrete column assembly of claim 20, wherein the tensioning sleeve is fillable with grout.

22. The precast concrete column assembly of claim 20 or 21, wherein the tensioning system further comprises a tensioning plate locatable between the tensioning nut and second reinforced column section at the free threaded end of the bar.

23. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims further comprising an alignment system adapted to align the reinforced column foundation with the first reinforced column section and second reinforced column section.

24. The precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims further comprising: at least a third reinforced column comprising a central axis and at least one groove extending substantially parallel with the central axis, wherein the at least one groove of the third reinforced column section is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; and at least a third connecting mechanism adapted to connect the second reinforced column section to the third reinforced column section such that central axes of the second and third reinforced column sections align, wherein said tensioning mechanism or a fixrther tensioning mechanism is adapted to tension together the first reinforced column section, the second reinforced column section, the reinforced column foundation and the at least third reinforced column section so as to form the singular post-tensioned column.

25. A singular post-tensioned column formed from the precast concrete column assembly of any one of the preceding claims.

26. The singular post-tensioned column of claim 25 when incorporated within a building selected from the group consisting of a domestic building, commercial building, industrial building, shed, shopping centre, high-rise, freestanding structure, wall, fence, boundary, bridge, wharf and jetty.

27. A method of constructing a singular post-tensioned column using the precast concrete column assembly of any one of claims 1 to 24, said method comprising the steps of: installing a reinforced column foundation within the ground, wherein the reinforced column foundation has a central axis; connecting a first reinforced column section to the reinforced column foundation using a first connecting mechanism such that the central axis of the reinforced column foundation and a central axis of the first reinforced column section align; connecting a second reinforced column section to the first reinforced column section using a second connecting mechanism such that the central axis of the first reinforced column section and a central axis of the second reinforced column section align; and using a tensioning mechanism to tension together the first reinforced column section, second reinforced column section and reinforced column foundation, wherein: the first reinforced column section comprises at least one groove extending substantially parallel with its central axis that is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel; and the second reinforced column section comprises at least one groove extending substantially parallel with its central axis that is adapted to receive at least one end of at least one wall panel.

28. A reinforced column foundation, a first reinforced column section or a second reinforced column section when used for the method of claim 27.

29. A mould, formwork or bore for casting a reinforced column foundation, a first reinforced column section or a second reinforced column section as described in any one of claims 1 to 24.

30. A method of erecting a building or other structure, said method comprising the step of utilising at least one precast concrete column assembly as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or incorporating the method according to claim 27.

31. A building or other structure comprising at least one precast concrete column assembly as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or at least one singular post-tensioned column as defined according to claim 25 or 26, or a building or other structure when produced by the method according to claim 27.

32. The building or other structure of claim 31, selected from the group consisting of a domestic building, commercial building, industrial building, shed, shopping centre, high-rise, freestanding structure, wall, fence, boundary, bridge, wharf and jetty.