AU2017208718A1

AU2017208718A1 - Hoarding assembly

Info

Publication number: AU2017208718A1
Application number: AU2017208718A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Kenneth Alan Cox
Original assignee: 4 KEN Pty Ltd
Current assignee: 4 KEN Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2016-01-22
Filing date: 2017-01-20
Publication date: 2018-08-23
Also published as: AU2017100073A4; WO2017124153A1

Abstract

This invention relates to an overhead hoarding assembly. The hoarding assembly include a main frame adapted to support a platform in an elevated position. The main frame is typically rectangular in shape and formed with a pair of longitudinally extending side members and a pair of transversely extending end members. A structural support means is connected to the main frame and is selectively movable relative to the main frame between a storage or transport configuration and a supporting configuration for holding the main frame in an elevated position at a predetermined height above a reference surface.

Description

Hoarding Assembly

Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates generally to hoarding systems and more particularly to an improved method, apparatus and system for erecting, extending or dismantling hoarding systems.

[0002] The invention has been developed primarily for use in the construction of temporary overhead hoardings having an elevated platform or deck to provide protection for pedestrians on footways and walkways, or vehicles on roadways and driveways, along or adjacent construction sites and will be described predominantly in that context. It should be appreciated, however, that the invention is not limited to this specific application being readily adaptable for use as a temporary bridge, elevated walkway or overpass to span roadways, intersections, trenches and the like.

Background of the Invention [0003] The following discussion of the prior art is intended to facilitate an understanding of the invention and to enable the advantages of it to be more fully understood. It should be appreciated, however, that any reference to prior art throughout the specification should not be construed as an express or implied admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.

[0004] Hoarding is temporary framing typically used to separate and protect people from a construction site. However, known techniques for erecting hoarding modules are time-consuming, difficult and cumbersome.

[0005] These techniques are also potentially dangerous for those workers who are tasked with erecting, modifying or dismantling such hoarding modules. These workers are necessarily required to position themselves in highly vulnerable positions directly underneath large and heavy components for significant amounts of time.

[0006] In those circumstances, the workers must rely on the integrity of a crane and/or related lifting equipment, such as chains, shackles, slings and the like for their safety during the process of erecting and dismantling a hoarding. In addition to the structural integrity of mechanical equipment, the workers must also rely on proper, safe, reliable and predictable operator control of the lifting equipment for their safety.

[0007] Thus, these hoarding systems are subject to a number of inherent disadvantages and a solution is necessarily required. It is an object of the present invention to overcome or substantially ameliorate one or more of the deficiencies of the prior art, or at least to provide a useful alternative.

Summary of the Invention [0008] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention provides an overhead hoarding assembly, including: a main frame adapted to support a platform; and structural support means connected to the main frame, the structural support means being selectively movable relative to the main frame between a storage configuration and a supporting configuration for holding the main frame in an elevated position, at a predetermined height above a reference surface.

[0009] Preferably, the main frame is configured to extend in a substantially horizontal plane or direction, and the structural support means is configured to extend in a substantially vertical direction, when the support means is in the supporting configuration.

[0010] Preferably, the main frame includes a pair of substantially parallel, spaced apart, longitudinally extending side members and a pair of substantially parallel, spaced apart, transversely extending end members. The side and end members preferably extend about the perimeter of the main frame, thereby defining the general footprint of the main frame (and the hoarding module itself). The main frame preferably has a generally rectangular configuration in plan or top view, in particular having side members of greater length than the end members.

[0011] Preferably, each side member of the main frame is an elongate member and formed from a structural steel beam or channel. In some preferred forms, each side member is formed from a universal beam or I-beam (e.g. UB).

[0012] Preferably, each end member of the main frame is an elongate member and formed from a structural steel beam or channel. In some preferred forms, each end member is formed from a parallel flange channel (PFC) or similar.

[0013] Preferably, the side and end members are formed of steel and fastened together at the respective corners of the rectangular configuration of the main frame. In some embodiments, the side and end members of the main frame are welded together at the respective corners. In other embodiments, the side and end members of the main frame are fastened together by one or more mechanical fasteners such as, for example, heavy duty bolts at the respective corners.

[0014] In some embodiments, the main frame includes one or more bracing members extending between the longitudinally extending side members, to thereby enhance the structural integrity of the main frame. Preferably, the bracing members of the main frame are arranged to extend in a generally horizontal direction.

[0015] In certain embodiments, the bracing members include one or more primary tie bars extending transversely between the side members of the main frame. The primary tie bars preferably extend between the side members at predetermined spaced apart positions along the respective side members, and preferably orthogonally to the side members.

[0016] In certain embodiments, the bracing members include one or more crossbracing members extending diagonally between the side members of the main frame. Preferably, the diagonal cross-bracing members extend between respective pairs of the primary tie bars. The diagonal cross-bracing members are preferably arranged in pairs. Preferably, the diagonal cross-bracing members of each pair are arranged in an overlapping or intersecting formation such as, for example, a criss-cross formation, and preferably such that the individual members intersect at the respective midpoints.

[0017] In some embodiments, the bracing members include one or more secondary tie bars arranged intermediate selected groups of the primary tie bars. In one particular preferred form, the secondary tie bars are arranged between the centremost group or groups of primary tie bars, which may include a single group of primary tie bars or a left centre most group and a right centre most group of primary tie pairs. In certain embodiments, the secondary tie bars are arranged between each group of tie bars.

[0018] Preferably, the bracing members are fixed to the main frame by suitable fastening means. In certain embodiments, each bracing member has a threaded bar extending from each of its ends for engagement with a complementary opening on the main frame. In some embodiments, the threaded openings are provided in respective main frame bracing brackets securable to the main frame. In some embodiments, the openings may be threaded, whereby the threaded bar can threadingly engage the opening to secure the bracing members to the main frame. In other embodiments, the openings are formed as through holes, whereby a nut may be attached to the threaded bar to secure the bracing members to the main frame.

[0019] In some embodiments, the main frame includes a set of lifting formations to facilitate handling of the main frame (and hoarding module as a whole) by suitable lifting equipment such as, for example, a crane. Preferably, the main frame has four lifting formations. The lifting formations are preferably arranged on or adjacent the side members of the main frame, with two lifting formations spaced apart on each side member. Preferably, the lifting formations are in the form of lifting lugs or lifting eyes securely welded to the main frame. In other forms, the lifting formations may be removably mounted to the main frame such as, for example, a lifting eye bolt adapted to threadingly engage a complementary threaded hole on the main frame. In some embodiments, a forklift or other lifting equipment may be used to raise the main frame by engaging the underside of the main frame or other portion of the main frame other than the lifting lugs, rather than by crane.

[0020] Preferably, the structural support means includes two or more support columns, posts or legs. In some embodiments, the structural support means includes two or more columns, posts or legs hingedly mounted to each side member of the main frame. Each support column is preferably hingedly mounted to the main frame at its proximal end to a respective side member of the main frame, whereby each support column can be hingedly or rotatably moved between its respective storage configuration and supporting configuration.

[0021] Preferably, each side member has respective mounting or pivot points for each column, the mounting points being spaced apart such that each column is free to independently rotate between the storage and supporting configurations (i.e. without a distal end of a column interfering with a mounting point of another of the columns, or another of the columns directly).

[0022] In certain preferred embodiments, the main frame has four movable support columns mounted to each side member. Preferably, the four movable support columns mounted to a first side member are aligned with the four movable support columns mounted to a second side member.

[0023] In some embodiments, the four movable support columns mounted to the first side member are arranged and configured such that two columns rotate in a clockwise direction about the respective pivot mounts, and two columns rotate in a counter clockwise direction about the respective pivot mounts, during movement of each column from the storage configuration to the supporting configuration (i.e. when viewed from a particular side of the main frame). Preferably, the four movable support columns mounted to the second side member are configured in a similar manner to those on the first side member.

[0024] In some embodiments, the mounting point may be formed directly on, or adjacent to, the main frame itself. Preferably, each mounting point is defined by a mounting bracket attached to the main frame, whereby the proximal end of a column is hingedly connectable to the mounting bracket for movement between the storage and supporting configurations.

[0025] Preferably, each mounting bracket includes a mounting plate, and the proximal end of each column has a first connecting bracket, wherein each mounting plate and first connecting bracket has an associated hole which can be aligned with one another to thereby enable receipt of a pivot shaft about which the column is rotatable. In certain embodiments, the pivot shaft is in the form of a rod, pin, bolt (i.e. the shank of a bolt), or the like. Preferably, each support column is adapted to rotate through a swept angle of approximately 90 degrees during movement from the storage position to the supporting position, and vice versa. Preferably, a longitudinal axis of each support column is substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the main frame, when the respective column is in the storage position. Preferably, the first connecting bracket extends laterally from the proximal end of the respective column. The first connecting bracket is preferably formed from flat steel plate. Preferably, the outer end of each first connecting bracket is rounded or curved (e.g. semi-circular), to thereby enable rotation of the column relative to the main frame about the pivot axis.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, the proximal end of each column has a second connecting bracket with a locking hole, and each mounting plate has a second hole adapted to come into alignment with the associated locking hole when the respective column is in the supporting configuration, whereby a support fastener can be received in the aligned locking and second holes to releasably secure the column in the supporting (vertical) position. In some embodiments, the support fastener is a bolt having a threaded shaft and a head for limiting the extent of travel of the threaded shaft through the aligned holes, whereby a nut can threadingly engage the threaded distal end of the bolt shaft. Preferably, the second connecting bracket extends laterally from the proximal end of the respective column in the opposite direction to the first connecting bracket. The second connecting bracket is preferably formed from flat steel plate. Preferably, the outer end of each second connecting bracket is rounded or curved (e.g. semi-circular), to thereby enable the first and second connecting brackets to be used interchangeably.

[0027] Preferably, each mounting bracket has a pair of mounting plates, including an inner mounting plate and an outer mounting plate, with associated inner and outer holes aligned to facilitate the pivotal connection between the mounting brackets and the columns, and for securing the column in the supporting position.

[0028] Preferably, the proximal end of each column has a pair of first connecting plates, including an inner first connecting plate and an outer first connecting plate. The proximal end of each column preferably has a pair of second connecting plates, including an inner second connecting plate and an outer second connecting plate.

[0029] The provision of pairs of mounting plates, first connecting plates, and second connecting plates advantageously provides an efficient and effective mechanism by which to locate, align and fit the proximal end of each column between the mounting plates during assembly of the hoarding module. The pairs of plates also assist to ensure that each column rotates or swings along an axis substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the respective side member of the main frame.

[0030] In certain embodiments, the mounting plates have three or more holes, thereby enabling adjustability in the mounting position of the respective column relative to the main frame, more preferably lateral adjustment along the length of the side members of the main frame. In some preferred embodiments, each mounting plate has five evenly spaced apart holes, each hole being adapted to receive either the pivot shaft or the support fastener depending on the placement of the respective column. It will of course be appreciated that the mounting plates are not limited to any particular number of holes, but may include any suitable number for the particular requirements of the intended application of the hoarding assembly.

[0031] In some embodiments, each support column may have a fixed length. Preferably, each support column has an adjustable length. In some embodiments, each column has an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve telescopically received within the outer sleeve and adapted for selective sliding movement relative to the outer sleeve, whereby the effective length of the column can be lengthened or shortened, as required. In such embodiments, the proximal end of each column may correspond to (or be defined by) the proximal end of the outer sleeve. In some embodiments, the outer sleeve has a substantially square cross-sectional profile. In some embodiments, the inner sleeve has a substantially square cross-sectional profile. Preferably, the inner and outer sleeves are from a square hollow section (SHS). The inner and outer sleeves are preferably treated with a corrosion resistant substance or coating (e.g. galvanised).

[0032] Preferably, the distal end of each column includes a holding bracket adapted to be releasably secured to the main frame, whereby the column is held in its storage configuration. In some embodiments, each mounting bracket is arranged at the distal end of the respective outer sleeve. Each holding bracket is preferably adapted to be releasably secured to a mounting bracket adjacent to the mounting bracket to which the proximal end of the respective column is attached (i.e. the next mounting bracket in the series of mounting brackets formed along the side members of the main frame).

[0033] Preferably, each holding bracket includes a first holding plate with a hole, wherein the hole in the first holding plate can be aligned with a corresponding hole of the respective adjacent mounting plate, to thereby enable receipt of a locking element therethrough for releasably holding the column in the storage configuration. In certain embodiments, the locking element is in the form of a rod, pin, bolt (i.e. the shank of a bolt), or the like. Preferably, the first holding plate extends laterally from the distal end of the respective column/outer sleeve. The first holding plate is preferably formed from flat steel plate. Preferably, the outer end of each first holding plate is rounded or curved (e.g. semi-circular).

[0034] Preferably, each holding bracket has a pair of first holding plates, including an inner holding plate and an outer holding plate, with associated inner and outer holes aligned with each other to facilitate passage of the locking element between the holding plates, and corresponding holes in the mounting bracket, for securing the column in the storage position.

[0035] In some embodiments, the outer sleeve has an array of holes formed at spaced apart locations along its length, and the inner sleeve has a corresponding array of holes formed at spaced apart locations along its length, whereby the inner sleeve is movable relative to the outer sleeve to selectively align one hole in the outer sleeve with one hole in the inner sleeve, whereby a locking element can pass through the aligned holes to hold and set the column at a predetermined length. Preferably, the inner and outer sleeves have arrays of holes formed in both the operative inner and outer surfaces of the sleeves, whereby the locking element can pass through each of the (four) aligned holes. Preferably, the locking element is in the form of a bolt and nut.

[0036] Preferably, the distal end of each column includes a foot for engaging the foundation surface on which the hoarding module is to be located. In some embodiments, each foot is releasably mountable to the distal end of the respective column.

[0037] In certain embodiments, each column includes a fine adjustment mechanism, whereby the overall length of the respective column can be adjusted when in the supporting configuration to ensure that the distal end of the column engages the foundation or ground on which hoarding module is placed. Preferably, a fine adjustment mechanism is associated with each foot.

[0038] In some embodiments, the foot includes a base portion for engaging the ground, and a threaded bar extending from the base portion, wherein the threaded bar is adapted to be received in the distal end of the inner sleeve. Preferably, a nut is arranged within the inner sleeve at a predetermined distance from its distal end, such that the threaded bar can threadingly engage the nut, to thereby provide the fine adjustment mechanism.

[0039] Preferably, a stop plate is fixedly secured within the inner sleeve at a predetermined distance from the distal end, the stop plate limiting the extent to which the nut can pass into the inner sleeve. Each stop plate preferably has a clearance hole through which the free end of the respective threaded bar can freely pass. Preferably, each stop plate is welded within the inner sleeve.

[0040] In some embodiments, the nut of the fine adjustment mechanism is arranged inside and secured to a housing, the housing having a complementary profile to the inner cross-sectional profile of the inner sleeve. Preferably, the housing has a square cross-sectional profile, to thereby resist rotation of the housing and nut relative to the inner sleeve.

[0041] Preferably, the inner sleeve has a cut-out spaced from its extreme distal end by a predetermined distance, wherein an engaging element can pass through the cutout to releasably engage the nut or housing to hold the nut in the predetermined position within the inner sleeve.

[0042] In some embodiments, the cut-out includes at least one notch formed at a corner of the inner sleeve. Preferably, the cut-out includes a notch on each of the four corners of the inner sleeve. The housing preferably has one or more notches corresponding to the notches on the inner sleeve. Preferably, the housing has a notch on each of the four corners of the housing.

[0043] Preferably, the engaging element is in the form of a spring clip having a pair of arms with respective engaging formations, each arm adapted to engage a portion of the nut/housing and each engaging formation adapted to releasably engage an edge of one of the notches in the inner sleeve, to thereby releasably hold the nut inside the inner sleeve. Preferably, the arms of the spring clip are resiliently biased away from each other such that the engaging formations can positively engage the edges of the respective notches. Preferably, the spring clip is formed from a single length of bar. Preferably, the spring clip is formed from steel, more preferably spring steel. The spring clip preferably includes a loop at a midpoint of the bar such that the bar crosses over itself with respective ends biased away from each other, and wherein each end is bent to form a catch for engaging the edges of the respective notches.

[0044] It will be appreciated that the primary adjustment of the length of the columns is provided by sliding the outer and inner sleeves relative to one another. The adjustable feet can then enable relatively fine adjustment of the column length to ensure that the distal end of each column engages the foundation, ground, base or other support surface.

[0045] It will also be appreciated that the ability to adjust the length of the support columns provides advantages for applications where the foundation or ground is uneven, irregular or inclined.

[0046] It will be appreciated therefore that when the vertical posts of the structural support means have been deployed in situ, the main frame and support posts together form a gantry-style structure, whereby a passage is defined underneath the main frame and between the posts.

[0047] Preferably, a friction reducing element is releasably mountable to the distal end of each column to facilitate raising and lowering of the column. The friction reducing element is preferably in the form of a wheel such as, for example, a castor wheel or guide wheel. Preferably, the friction reducing element includes a guide wheel assembly incorporating the wheel. In various embodiments, the wheel may be formed from a rubber, metal, plastic, polymer or any other suitable material.

[0048] In some embodiments, the distal end of the column has a wheel bracket to which the wheel can be releasably mounted. Preferably, the wheel bracket is formed on the distal end of the outer sleeve of the column. The wheel preferably includes a wheel shaft, and a connecting member extending from the wheel shaft, wherein the connecting member is adapted to be releasably mounted to the wheel bracket. Preferably, the wheel bracket includes a wheel plate having a hole, and the connecting member has a hole, whereby when the holes of the wheel plate and the connecting member are brought into alignment, a connecting means can pass through the aligned holes to releasably secure the wheel to the distal end of the outer sleeve. Preferably, the connecting member is rotatably mounted to the wheel shaft, to thereby facilitate alignment between the holes of the wheel plate and the connecting member.

[0049] In some embodiments, the connecting means includes a rod and a pair of locking elements for engaging respective ends of the rod. Preferably, the rod has transverse holes formed at each end, and the locking elements are in the form of locking pins adapted be received in the transverse holes, wherein the length of each locking pin is greater than the diameter of the rod such that each end of the locking pin stands proud of the rod to prevent the rod from coming out of the aligned holes of the wheel plate and the connecting member. Preferably, each locking pin is connected to a flexible support element (e.g. chain, rope, etc) to hold and retain the locking pin relative to the wheel when the locking pin is removed from the transverse hole in the rod.

[0050] In certain embodiments, the wheel bracket has two wheel plates with aligned holes at the distal end of the outer sleeve of the column. In such embodiments, the wheel preferably has two connecting members rotatably mounted on wheel shafts on opposite sides of the wheel, each connecting bracket having hole which can be brought into alignment with the holes of the wheel plates. Preferably, a cross member extends between the two connecting members such that the members rotate in unison about the axis of the wheel shaft or shafts.

[0051] In certain embodiments, one or more locating arms extend from the wheel at an angle relative to the connecting members, the locating arm having a locating formation at its distal end for at least partially receiving the distal end of the inner sleeve, to thereby locate and align the wheel relative to the respective column. In some embodiments, the locating formation is cup-shaped, U-shaped or other suitable formation to at least partially sit around the distal end of the inner sleeve. Preferably, the locating formation includes an abutment formation for limiting the extent to which the distal end of the inner sleeve is received in the locating formation.

[0052] Preferably, the main frame is adapted to removably receive a plurality of discrete decking boards to define a working platform for supporting workman, materials, tools and other equipment. The decking boards preferably extend between the side members of the main frame in side-by-side relation to define the working platform. Preferably, each decking board extends orthogonally between the side members of the main frame. In other embodiments, the decking boards may extend in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main frame, preferably with one or more board support members located underneath. Preferably, one or more board locating elements are arranged on each side member of the main frame, for locating and releasably retaining the decking boards in position relative to the main frame. In some embodiments, the board locating elements include elongate L-shaped members fixed to and extending longitudinally along the respective side members of the main frame, wherein one arm of each L-shaped member extends upwardly from the respective side member so as to limit the movement of decking boards and thereby retain them in position on the main frame.

[0053] In some embodiments, one or more platform plates may be positioned to lie on top of, or over, the decking boards, to provide a more continuous working surface and thereby effectively stiffen the working platform. The platform plate may therefore advantageously reduce bending, deflection or other deformations in the smaller decking boards, thereby providing a more stable and secure working platform for workman. In some embodiments, the platform plate may sit freely on top of the decking boards. In other forms, the platform plate may be releasably fastened in position over the decking boards by suitable fasteners (e.g. screws). The platform plate may be formed from any suitable sheet material such as steel (e.g. checkerplate) or timber (e.g. plywood). The decking boards are preferably formed from steel, but could be readily formed from other suitable materials such as, for example, timber.

[0054] Preferably, a handrail is releasably mountable about the main frame. The handrail preferably includes a plurality of handrail units adapted to be mounted in handrail mounting formations on the main frame, the handrail units being mounted in a contiguous sequence to provide a substantially continuous rail about the periphery of the main frame. In some embodiments, each handrail unit includes a pair of side legs and one or more cross rails extending transversely between the side legs. In certain embodiments, each handrail unit includes three cross rails extending orthogonally to the side legs, with an upper cross rail substantially aligned with the proximal end of the side legs, a middle rail, and a lower rail arranged a predetermined position above the distal end of the side legs.

[0055] Preferably, the handrail mounting formations include a pair of hollow tubes attached to the main frame and spaced apart such that the distal end of the side legs of the handrail units can be received in the tubes. In certain embodiments, the handrail units include a handle to facilitate handling during assembly and disassembly of the handrail. Preferably, the handle is fixed to one of the cross rails. In one preferred embodiment, the handle includes two handle portions fixed to the intermediate rail. Preferably, the handles are U-shaped. In some forms, the handles are inclined relative to the side legs, thereby spacing the handles from the front or rear plan of the handrail unit. It will be appreciated that inclining or angling the handles in this manner advantageously provides increased hand clearance for an operator to grasp the handles.

[0056] In some embodiments, a cover panel may be releasably mounted to each handrail unit, thereby to substantially cover the open area defined by the side legs and cross rails. In this way, the working area or deck of the main frame is substantially enclosed by the cover panels, which can advantageously provide a barrier inhibiting objects, such as tools and other equipment, from falling from the overhead platform in use. In certain embodiments, the handrail units have a plurality of attachment formations to which the respective cover panel can be releasably attached. Preferably, the attachment forms include internally threaded holes (e.g. nuts welded to the handrail unit), thereby to enable the cover panel to be secured thereto by way of threaded bolts passing through corresponding holes in the cover panel. The cover panels may be formed of any suitable sheet material such as, for example, timber (e.g. plywood), metal (e.g. steel or aluminium), plastic (e.g. plastic ply), and composite materials (e.g. aluminium composite material), and the like. In some embodiments, an inner and/or outer face of the cover panels may be applied with graphic artwork and/or may be configured with a textured or contoured (3D) profile.

[0057] In some embodiments, one or more secondary support columns can be removably attached to the main frame. In some embodiments, the one or more secondary support columns can be movably mounted to the main frame so as to be selectively rotatable (e.g. foldable) between a substantially horizontal storage position and a substantially vertical supporting position. In other embodiments, the one or more secondary support columns can be mounted after the (primary) support columns have been deployed to the supporting configuration, and such that the secondary support columns need not be configured for rotation relative to the main frame. It will be appreciated that such secondary support columns can advantageously be configured to provide a degree of redundant support such that, if one column fails or in the event of an accident knocking out a leg, the inclusion of additional support by way of the secondary support columns ensures or at least increases the chances that the structural integrity of the hoarding module will be maintained until the failed or damaged leg is repaired or replaced.

[0058] In some embodiments, the one or more secondary support columns are mounted outwardly of the (primary) support columns, more preferably at the ends of the main frame. In other embodiments, the one or more secondary support columns are mounted between the (primary) support columns. In such embodiments, the foldable support columns may be arranged at the ends (or corners) of the main frame. In some preferred embodiments, the main frame has four secondary support columns removably mounted thereto, with one secondary support column at each corner of the main frame. In certain embodiments, a central mounting bracket on the mainframe is adapted to enable a secondary support column to be mounted thereto. It will be appreciated that the use of a secondary support column on the central mounting plates is typically employed in applications where a relatively large span is not required. In those applications where a larger span between the support columns is required, it is possible to erect the hoarding by unfolding only the outermost left and right rotatable columns to the supporting position, and attaching a secondary support column at each corner of the main frame. In such applications, the innermost folding columns are retained in the respective supporting positions, thereby advantageously providing a relatively wide uninterrupted span between the outermost folding columns which have been deployed.

[0059] Preferably, the main frame includes end mounting brackets at each end of the side members of the main frame (i.e. at each corner of the main frame), and each secondary support column having a mounting bracket at its proximal end, wherein one or more fasteners (e.g. bolt with nut) can be passed through respective holes in the end mounting brackets and the mounting brackets to releasably secure the secondary support columns to the main frame.

[0060] In some embodiments, each end mounting bracket includes a pair of end plates (an inner and outer plate), and the mounting bracket at the proximal end of the secondary support column has a pair of mounting plates (an inner and outer plate), wherein the pair of mounting plates are configured to fit within the pair of end plates.

[0061] In some embodiments, each secondary support column may have a fixed length. Preferably, each secondary support column has an adjustable length. In some embodiments, each secondary support column has an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve telescopically received within the outer sleeve and adapted for selective sliding movement relative to the outer sleeve, whereby the effective length of the column can be lengthened or shortened, as required.

[0062] Preferably, the distal end of each secondary support column includes a foot for engaging the foundation surface on which the hoarding module is to be located. In some embodiments, each foot is releasably mountable to the distal end of the respective secondary support column. In certain embodiments, each foot includes a fine adjustment mechanism, whereby the overall length of the respective secondary support column can be adjusted to ensure that the distal end of the secondary support column engages the foundation on which the hoarding module is placed.

[0063] In some embodiments, one or more column bracing elements are releasably secured between a support column and a secondary support column (i.e. generally underneath a side member of the main frame). Preferably, a pair of column bracing elements is releasably secured in a criss-cross arrangement between a support column and a secondary support column. In some embodiments, two pairs of column bracing elements are releasably secured in a criss-cross arrangement between a support column and a secondary support column, including an upper pair and a lower pair. Preferably, one or more column bracing elements are releasably secured between each secondary support column and the adjacent column support (i.e. at both ends of each side member).

[0064] In some embodiments, one or more column bracing elements are releasably secured between a pair secondary support columns at an end of the main frame (i.e. generally underneath an end member of the main frame). Preferably, a pair of column bracing elements is releasably secured in a criss-cross arrangement between the pair of secondary support columns. In some embodiments, two pairs of column bracing elements are releasably secured in a criss-cross arrangement between the pair of secondary support columns, including an upper pair and a lower pair. Preferably, one or more column bracing elements are releasably secured between each pair of secondary support columns (i.e. underneath each side member).

[0065] In certain embodiments, the column bracing elements are formed from a rigid material such as, for example, steel. In some preferred forms, each column bracing element is formed from an angle- or channel-beam or other suitable rail or beam.

[0066] In some embodiments, one or both ends of the column bracing elements are adapted to facilitate mounting to the respective columns. In some embodiments, one or both ends of the column bracing elements include a cut-out, hole, notch, mitre, or other suitable formation to facilitate mounting to the respective columns. In some embodiments, one or both ends of the column bracing elements may include an end bracket or plate with a suitable mounting formation to facilitate mounting to the respective columns. In such embodiments, the end bracket or plate may be secured in fixed relation relative to the respective column bracing element, or may be movably mounted to the respective column bracing element.

[0067] In some embodiments, one or more ballast or counterweight blocks may be releasably attached to a support column and/or a secondary support column when the columns are in the supporting configuration, to thereby stabilise the hoarding assembly in situ. In some embodiments, the or each ballast or counterweight block may be releasably fastened to a single support column. In other embodiments, the ballast or counterweight block may be adapted to extend between and be fastened to a pair of support columns or between a support column and an adjacent secondary support column.

[0068] Preferably, the or each ballast or counterweight block is secured to the respective support column (primary or secondary) by way of a suitable fastener (e.g. nut and bolt adapted to pass through the holes in the inner and outer columns of the respective support column. In other forms, a tether strap may be used to secure the column to the ballast block. Each ballast or counterweight block is preferably in the form of a precast concrete block.

[0069] In some embodiments, the or each ballast or counterweight block includes a pair of ballast mounting plates extending from the block, each ballast mounting plate including one or more openings arranged to overlie the holes in the respective support column, to thereby enable the ballast block to be releasably secured to the column by the fasteners passing through the holes in the columns and the opening in the ballast mounting plates. Preferably, the ballast mounting plates extend from the end faces of the respective ballast block. The ballast mounting plates may be arranged to extend from a predetermined position of the respective end faces. In some embodiments, the ballast mounting plates may be positioned so as to extend from the centre of the end face. In other embodiments, the ballast mounting plates may be positioned so as to be substantially flush with a side wall of block.

[0070] Each ballast mounting plate is preferably in the form of an L-shaped member (e.g. 150 x 150mm angle plate) having a first leg cast within the respective end face and a second leg extending outwardly from the end face, wherein the openings for securing the block to the respective column are formed in the second leg. The openings in the second leg are advantageously spaced apart so as to correspond with the spacing between the holes in the support columns. In some embodiments, the openings in the ballast mounting plates are in the form of slots (e.g. two spaced slots extending longitudinally along the length of the side plate/second arm). In other embodiments, the openings in the ballast mounting plates are in the form of holes (e.g. a plurality of circular clearance holes spaced apart and arranged in an array extending longitudinally along the length of the side plate/second arm).

[0071] In some embodiments, the length of each ballast or counterweight block is such that it can fit lengthwise between two adjacent columns, with the ballast mounting plates extending outwardly such that the openings align with the holes in the columns. It will be appreciated that in those applications where the telescopic columns are in an extended position (i.e. with the inner column extended relative to the outer column), the ballast or counterweight blocks can sit directly on the ground or foundation. However, in those applications where the telescopic columns are in a retracted position (i.e. with the inner column inside the outer column), the ballast or counterweight blocks can sit on, or be positioned above, the holding/wheel plates at the distal end of the column.

[0072] In other embodiments, the length of each ballast or counterweight block is such that it can fit lengthwise between two adjacent columns, with the ballast mounting plates extending outwardly such that the openings align with the holes in the columns. This arrangement of the ballast or counterweight blocks is typically intended to be used when the telescopic columns are in an extended position (i.e. with the inner column extended relative to the outer column).

[0073] Preferably, each ballast or counterweight block has one or more handling formations to facilitate lifting and handling with suitable lifting equipment (e.g. forklift). In some embodiments, the handling formations include a pair of lifting pockets adapted to receive a pair of forklift tines. For example, the lifting pockets may be a single or double ended passage having a square cross-sectional area.

[0074] In certain embodiments, each ballast or counterweight block is adapted to be releasably attached to a single support column or a secondary support column. In such embodiments, each ballast block may have a locating formation adapted to at least partially receive the respective column (e.g. in a type of tongue and groove arrangement). Preferably, the locating formation has a cross-sectional profile which is complementary to that of the support columns. The cross-sectional profile of the locating formation is preferably U-shaped, to thereby enable the ballast block to cup or surround the respective support column. In some embodiments, the locating formation is provided by a channel member (e.g. PFC) cast into a side or end wall of the ballast block. In such embodiments, the lifting pockets are preferably defined by hollow tubular members welded to respective side flanges of the channel member, wherein the lifting pockets extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the channel member.

[0075] Preferably, the ballast or counterweight blocks are adapted to be stackable or nestible (e.g. one on top of another in a vertical stack of two or more blocks).

[0076] It will be appreciated that ballast or counterweight blocks of different shapes, sizes or configurations may be attached to the various columns extending from the main frame, to facilitate compliance with various design criteria such as, for example, load rating requirements, spacing restrictions, aesthetics and the like.

[0077] In some embodiments, one or more supplementary components or accessories may be releasably attached to the support columns, preferably via the holes within the columns but may be by other means such as, for example, clamps. These supplementary components or accessories may be provided for functional and/or aesthetic purposes. In some embodiments, the supplementary component may be in the form of a waste bin adapted to be secured to a support column. In certain embodiments, the supplementary component may form a cover to at least partially surround the holding or wheel plates, thereby providing a visual indication of a potential trip hazard.

[0078] In some embodiments, multiple hoarding modules may be installed in a predetermined arrangement, in order to increase (in discrete multiples) the footprint provided by the modules. In certain embodiments, the multiple hoarding modules are releasably interconnected in contiguous end-to-end relation (i.e. in a series configuration). In other embodiments, the multiple hoarding modules are releasably interconnected in side-to-side relation (i.e. in a parallel configuration). It will also be appreciated that various combinations of interconnected series, parallel, orthogonal and oblique configurations can be readily achieved with the multiple hoarding modules, including modules of different shapes and sizes.

[0079] In some embodiments, two or more joining bars are releasably connected between adjoining hoarding modules, to thereby enable a plurality of infill panels to be releasably mounted therebetween. It will be appreciated that the infill panels advantageously cover any gaps between the adjoining modules such that the panels of the main decks of the adjoining modules together with the infill panels provide a complete uninterrupted platform for the interconnected modules.

[0080] In some embodiments, the system includes extension assemblies adapted for connection to the sides and/or ends of the main frame, to extend the effective working area of the main deck or platform. Preferably, the extension assemblies are cantilevered from the main frame. The extension assemblies are preferably adapted for releasable connection to the handrail mounting formations on the main frame. In such embodiments, the extension assemblies may include supplementary handrail mounting formations, whereby a handrail can be connected along the distal end of the extension assembly.

[0081] In some embodiments, the extension assemblies can be mounted at one or more selected (discrete) locations around the perimeter of the main frame. In some embodiments, a plurality of extension assemblies may be, for example, mounted at predetermined locations along a side member of the frame, to provide an extended platform along the entire length of the side member/main frame. The extension assemblies can be selectively mounted to one or both sides of the main frame, and/or one or both ends of the main frame.

[0082] In certain embodiments, the extension assemblies are configured to contain from one to five extension decking boards between adjacent pairs of the extension assemblies. The extension decking boards are preferably formed from steel, but could be readily formed from other suitable material such as, for example, timber.

[0083] In some embodiments, one or more extension platform plates may be positioned to lie on top of, or over, the extension decking boards, to provide a more continuous extension working surface and thereby effectively stiffen the extension working platform. In some embodiments, the extension platform plates may sit freely on top of the decking boards. In other forms, the extension platform plates may be releasably fastened in position over the extension decking boards by suitable fasteners (e.g. screws). The extension platform plates may be formed from any suitable sheet material such as steel (e.g. checkerplate) or timber (e.g. plywood). In certain embodiments, the platform plates and/or extension platform plates may extend so as to at least partially cover a portion of the main decking boards and a portion of the extension decking boards.

[0084] In some preferred embodiments, the extension assemblies include a main support bar, and a side support member defining a lower board flange, adapted to receive and locate the appropriate number of extension decking boards. Preferably, the main support bar has a left side support member and a right side support member. The main support bar is preferably in the form of an inverted channel having a web with a pair of downwardly depending side arms, and the support bars are in the form of an L-shaped channel section attached (e.g. welded) to the side arms.

[0085] Preferably, the extension assemblies can be configured as a right-hand extension assembly or a left-hand extension assembly. In such embodiments, the main support bar and/or the support bars can be configured to form respective left-handed and right-handed extension assemblies.

[0086] Preferably, the supplementary handrail mounting formations are fixed (directly or indirectly) to the distal end of the main support bar. The supplementary handrail mounting formations preferably extend orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the main support bar.

[0087] Preferably, one or more connecting elements are arranged at the proximal end of the main support bar, the connecting elements engagable with the handrail mounting formation on the main frame for mounting the extension assembly to the main frame. In some embodiments, the connecting elements are in the form of spigots, preferably formed from discrete lengths of a hollow tubular material (i.e. SHS) [0088] Preferably, the supplementary handrail mounting formations are fixed (directly or indirectly) to the distal end of the main support bar. The supplementary handrail mounting formations preferably extend orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the main support bar.

[0089] In some embodiments, the extension assemblies include at least one supplementary support strut extending from the respective supplementary handrail mounting formations at one end and positively engaging the main frame at its other end. The supplementary support strut may be any suitable structural element, such as, for example, a square or rolled hollow section, angle, channel, tube, bar or the like. In certain embodiments, the other end of the strut has a channel member secured thereto, whereby the channel member is adapted to engage (e.g. cup) respective handrail mounting formations on the main frame.

[0090] In certain embodiments, the supplementary support strut is inclined for engagement with the main frame such that the main support bar is supported in the horizontal position.

[0091] In some embodiments, the supplementary support struts include one or more intermediate bracing elements extending between the supplementary support strut and the main support bar.

[0092] According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided an overhead hoarding module, including: a platform; and one or more supporting elements hingedly connected to the platform for movement between a folded position for storage (or transport) and an extended position for holding the platform in an elevated position.

[0093] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an overhead hoarding assembly, including: a main frame adapted to support a platform; a plurality of support columns, each support column being hingedly connected at its proximal end to the main frame and its distal end adapted for engagement with a foundation, wherein each column is selectively movable about the hinged connection between a folded position for storage (or transport) and a vertical support position for holding the main frame in an elevated position; a first retaining means associated with each support column for releasably securing the distal end of the respective column, to thereby prevent movement of the column away from the storage position; and a second retaining means associated with each support column for releasably securing the proximal end of the respective column to the main frame, to thereby prevent movement of the column away from the vertical support position.

[0094] According to yet a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a kit of parts including a plurality of members adapted to be interconnected to form a main frame, and a plurality of members adapted to form structural support assemblies as defined, or additional components therefor as described herein, enabling the overhead hoarding assembly of the invention to be assembled.

[0095] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a ballast or counterweight block for a hoarding assembly, the ballast or counterweight block being adapted for releasable connection to a support column of the hoarding module, to thereby stabilise the hoarding assembly in use.

[0096] According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of erecting an overhead hoarding assembly on a surface, the method including the steps of: providing a main frame; hingedly connecting a plurality of support columns to the main frame via respective proximal ends of the support columns; raising the main frame such that each support columns rotates about the hinged connection at its proximal end from a storage position to a supporting position, wherein the distal end of each support columns remains in contact with the surface as the main frame is being raised.

Brief Description of the Drawings [0097] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: [0098] Figure 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a hoarding assembly according to the invention, with the support columns in the folded horizontal storage configuration; [0099] Figure 2 is a side view of the hoarding assembly of Figure 1, erected on a foundation with the support columns in the vertical supporting configuration; [00100] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the hoarding assembly of Figures 1 and 2, in the erected position with secondary support columns attached to the main frame; [00101] Figure 4 is an exploded view of a support column for the hoarding assembly; [00102] Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the support column of Figure 4, with the lower inner column telescopically received within the upper outer column; [00103] Figures 6A is a plan view showing a column positioned between mounting brackets on the underside of the mainframe; Figure 6B is a side view showing the proximal end of a secondary support column mounted to the main frame; Figure 6C is a side view showing the proximal end of a foldable support column mounted to the main frame; and Figure 6D shows an end view of the support column mounting of Figure 6C; [00104] Figure 7 is a side view of one embodiment of a mounting bracket for the foldable columns; [00105] Figures 8 is a side view of one embodiment of an end mounting bracket for the secondary support columns mounted to the ends of the mainframe; [00106] Figures 9A and 9B show an end view and a side view of a lifting lug of the hoarding assembly, respectively; [00107] Figure 10 shows a top view of the foldable support column of Figures 4 and 5; [00108] Figures 11A to 11C show various elements of an adjustable foot releasably mountable to the distal end of the foldable and secondary support columns; [00109] Figure 12 shows a spring clip for releasably holding the adjustable foot of Figure 11 to the respective column; [00110] Figure 13 is a schematic side view showing a wheel assembly releasably mounted to the distal end of foldable support columns; [00111] Figure 14A shows a top view of a series of three hoarding assemblies connected in end-to-end relation, and Figure 14B shows a side view of three hoarding assemblies connected in end-to-end relation and erected on an inclined surface; [00112] Figure 15A shows a top view of an arrangement of two hoarding assemblies connected in parallel, spaced apart relation; Figure 15B shows a top view of an arrangement of three hoarding assemblies connected in parallel, spaced apart relation; [00113] Figures 16A to 16C show details of horizontal and criss-cross bracing arranged between the four columns at each end of the hoarding assembly; [00114] Figure 17A shows a plan view of a bracing bracket with two outwardly extending tabs for connecting side and end bracing elements thereto; and Figure 17B shows a plan view of a bracing bracket with three outwardly extending tabs to facilitate the formation of the parallel, spaced apart arrangements of Figures 15; [00115] Figure 18A shows a partial cross-sectional view showing the relative positioning of decking boards and tie bars; Figure 18B is a partial plan view showing a diagonal bracing bar; [00116] Figure 19A is a plan view showing a pair of five board platform extension assemblies releasably mounted and extending from a side member of the main frame; Figure 19B shows a side view of the extension assemblies of Figure 19A; Figure 19C shows a plan view of supplementary handrail mounting posts fixed to the distal end of the platform extension assemblies; Figure 19D shows a cross-sectional view of the platform extension assembly; and Figure 19E is a plan view showing the engagement of the inclined strut of Figure 19B about the handrail mounting posts fixed to the side member of the main frame; [00117] Figures 20A to 20C shows details of a one board platform extension module; [00118] Figure 21 shows a handrail unit positioned above a pair of handrail mounting posts fixed to a side member of the main frame of the hoarding assembly; and [00119] Figures 22A and 22B show two embodiments of a ballast or counterweight block which are releasably connectable to the support columns of the hoarding assembly.

Preferred Embodiments of the Invention [00120] Referring to the drawings and initially to Figures 1 and 2, the invention provides an overhead hoarding assembly 1 for providing temporary overhead protection to construction workers, pedestrians or vehicles passing by or under a construction site, or a bridge or walkway spanning an intersection, roadway or the like. It will be appreciated that the inventive hoarding assembly described herein is not limited to these exemplary applications, which have been included herein by way of example only.

[00121] The hoarding assembly 1 includes a rectangular main frame 2 incorporating a pair of substantially parallel, spaced apart, longitudinally extending side members 3 and a pair of substantially parallel, spaced apart, transversely extending end members 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the side members 3 are formed from an elongate structural steel I-beam or rail (e.g. 610UB), and the end members 4 are formed from an elongate structural steel parallel flange channel (PFC) and extend perpendicularly to the side members 3.

[00122] The side and end members (3, 4) are welded together to form the rectangular frame configuration shown in the plan view of Figure 3. That is, the side and end members (3, 4) preferably extend about the perimeter of the main frame 2 and define the general footprint of the main frame 2 (and the hoarding module itself). In this exemplary embodiment, the main frame 2 may be configured to have any suitable length. By way of example only, the main frame may have a length of approximately 10.5m, 13.5m, 15m, 18m, 20m or 25m.

[00123] It will of course be appreciated that the hoarding assembly 1 is not limited to such dimensions, but is readily adaptable for construction in a range of sizes so as to meet the requirements of a particular application, including a desired maximum span between columns. Nevetherless, the exemplary length dimensions demonstrate that the hoarding assembly can advantageously provide significant span or coverage in a single discrete assembly unit. As described in further detail below, such coverage can be added to or expanded by interconnecting multiple hoarding assemblies.

[00124] Still referring to Figure 1, a structural support means in the form of a plurality of support posts or columns 5 are hingedly connected to mounting brackets 6 on the underside of the side members 3 of the main frame 2. In the illustrated embodiments, the columns 5 are formed from hollow tubular structural steel sections with a substantially square cross-sectional profile (e.g. SHS). By way of the hinged connection, each column 5 can be selectively rotated or folded relative to the main frame 1 between a substantially vertical supporting position (Figure 1) and a substantially horizontal storage or transport position (Figure 2). The main frame 2 is also configured to extend in a substantially horizontal plane, when the foldable support columns 5 are in the vertical supporting configuration.

[00125] As most easily seen in the perspective view of Figure 3, one or more bracing members extend between the longitudinally extending side members 3 of the main frame 2 to enhance the structural integrity of the main frame 2.

[00126] The bracing members include a plurality of primary tie bars 7 in the form of threaded bar, extending perpendicularly between the side members 3 of the main frame 2. It will be appreciated that the primary tie bars 7 are not limited to threaded bar, but can be any suitable form such as a structural channel, rail or beam. The primary tie bars 7 extend between the side members 3 at predetermined spaced apart positions along the respective side members. In the illustrated embodiment, the primary ties bars 7 are positioned so as to be aligned with (e.g. above) a respective support column 5 (and associated mounting bracket 6). In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1-3, an additional primary tie bar 7 positioned at a midpoint of the side members 3, and is not directly above a support column 5, when the support columns are deployed.

[00127] The bracing members further include a plurality of cross-bracing members 8 extending diagonally between the side members 3 of the main frame 2. Again referring to Figure 3, the diagonal cross-bracing members 8 are grouped in pairs having a crisscross formation. The pairs of cross-bracing members 8 include a pair at each end which extends between the end members 4 and the first primary tie bar 7 spaced from the respective end member 4, whilst the remaining pairs of cross-bracing members 8 are arranged between respective pairs of the primary tie bars 7. In the embodiment of

Figure 3, there are four such additional pairs of cross-members 8 arranged between respective pairs of the primary tie bars 7.

[00128] In the embodiments of Figures 14 and 15, the bracing members further include a plurality of secondary tie bars 9 arranged intermediate the two centremost pairs of primary tie bars 7. The secondary tie bars 9 are intended to provide additional strength to the main frame across the longest unsupported section of the main frame (i.e. the section between the two centremost support columns 5). The secondary tie bars 9 have been omitted from Figure 3 for clarity, however, it will be appreciated that these tie bars could be readily incorporated into various embodiments, as required.

[00129] Preferably, the ends of the threaded bar bracing members, including the primary tie bars 7, cross-bracing members 8 and secondary tie bars 9, project through respective clearance holes formed in the corresponding member of the main frame 2 and are held in position by a fastening means in the form of a nut (Figure 18).

[00130] As most clearly seen in Figure 2, in this embodiment, each side member 3 of the main frame 2 has five mounting brackets 6 spaced apart along its length to accommodate four folding columns 5. The spacing between the mounting brackets 6 is determined by the length of the foldable support columns 5, which are pivotally mounted to the four outermost mounting brackets 6 such that the distal end of the two innermost columns can be releasably secured to the centremost mounting bracket 6 to thereby hold the columns in the storage configuration. That is, the mounting brackets 6 are spaced apart such that each column 5 is free to rotate independently between the supporting position of Figure 1 and the storage position of Figure 2, such that the columns 5 do not interfere with each other during rotation between the supporting or folded positions, or vice versa.

[00131] When viewing the hoarding assembly 1 from its side, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen that the four movable support columns 5 mounted to the respective side member 3 are arranged and configured such that the two rightmost foldable columns 5 rotate in a clockwise direction about the respective pivot mounts as defined by the mounting brackets 6, and the two leftmost columns rotate in a counter clockwise direction about the respective pivot mounts as defined by the mounting brackets 6, during movement of each column 5 from the supporting configuration to the storage configuration. The two outmost brackets of the four mounting brackets 6 are positioned inwardly from the ends of the side member 3 by a predetermined distance. It will be appreciated that the four foldable support columns 5 mounted to the other side member (not visible in Figure 1) are configured in a complementary manner to those on the first side member 3, thereby forming pairs of support columns along the length of the main frame.

[00132] As most clearly seen in Figure 6D, each mounting bracket 6 includes a pair of spaced apart, parallel mounting plates 10 (i.e. an inner and an outer mounting plate) formed from a flat steel plate, and defining a generally open area or region therebetween. Referring to Figure 7, each plate 10 has a series of holes 11, with the holes of the inner plate aligning with the holes of the outer plate. The series of holes 11 advantageously enables lateral adjustment of the connection point of the proximal end of the respective column 5 relative to the mounting bracket 6 to selectively position the column, and thus the distal end 15 of the column 5, so as to avoid any obstacles on the foundation such as, for example, street furniture, fire hydrants, manholes, drainage grates, and the like.

[00133] As most easily seen in Figures 4, 5 and 6C, the proximal end 12 of each column 5 has a first connecting bracket in the form of a pair of first connecting plates 13 (i.e. an inner and an outer first connecting plate) with an associated central through hole 14. The first connecting plates 13 are welded to, and extend laterally from, the proximal end 12 of the respective columns 5 such the respective outer faces of the inner and outer plates 13 are substantially flush with the respective inner and outer surfaces of the square column 5 (Figure 10).

[00134] In this way, the proximal end 12 of the column 5, together with the lateral first connecting plates 13, can be close-fittingly received (i.e. relatively snugly, albeit for a predetermined degree of clearance) within the open area between the pair of mounting plates 10 (Figure 6D).

[00135] Upon fitting the first connecting plates 13 within the open area between the mounting plates 10, the holes 14 are brought into alignment with the holes 11 such that a through passage is formed for receipt of a pivot shaft about which the column is rotatable. In the illustrated embodiment, the pivot shaft is defined by the shank of a bolt, having a head to limit the extent of travel of the shank through the passage, and a nut threadingly engaged with the distal end of the shank.

[00136] As most clearly seen in Figure 5, the free end of each first connecting plate 13 is curved or semi-circular in shape. It will be appreciated that this curved profile is provided to ensure that the connecting plates 13 do not interfere with the main frame 2, enabling rotation of the column 5 relative to the main frame about the pivot axis. In this way, each foldable support column 5 is adapted to rotate through a swept angle of approximately 90 degrees during movement from the horizontal storage position to the vertical supporting position, and vice versa. A flat square capping plate 19 is fixed to the proximal end face of the respective column 5 so as to bear against the underside of the respective side member 3 to limit the extent of rotation away from the storage position (i.e. to prevent the column from rotating past the vertical and through an angle of greater than 90 degrees). In particular, the capping plate is arranged such that its outer surface sits above the top of the outer column 20 and the first and second connecting plates by a predetermined distance (e.g. the thickness of the plate). The capping plate 19 is advantageously arranged to ensure that, upon coming into abutment with the side member 3, the load carried by the respective column 5 is transmitted through the column itself, and not carried by the associated locking pins or bolts. This also ensures that the pins/bolts can be easily inserted and removed as required, as no transverse load is applied on the pins/bolts. In other forms, the capping plate may be omitted and the connecting brackets may be positioned slightly below the top of the respective column such that the top of the column stands proud of the connecting brackets, thereby acting as the bearing surface described above.

[00137] As a means of securing the foldable columns 5 in the respective storage positions, the proximal end 12 of each column has a second connecting bracket in the form of a pair of second connecting plates 16 with aligned locking holes 17. As clearly seen in Figure 5, the second connecting plates 16 extend laterally from the proximal end 12 of the column and in an opposed direction to that of the first connecting plates 13.

[00138] Referring to the top view of the column 5 of Figure 10, it can be seen that the second connecting plates 16 are welded to the proximal end 12 of the respective columns 5 such the respective outer faces of the inner and outer second connecting plates 16 are substantially flush with the respective inner and outer surfaces of the square column 5, and thus also with the respective outer faces of the inner and outer first connecting plates 13.

[00139] Upon rotation of the column 5 about the pivot axis, the locking holes 17 are brought into alignment with another pair of aligned mounting holes 11 to define a passage for receiving a support fastener in the form of a bolt to releasably secure the column in the vertical supporting position. As clearly seen in Figure 6, the free ends of the second connecting plates 16 are curved to enable the first and second connecting brackets (13, 16) to be used interchangeably when assembling the hoarding module 1.

[00140] The provision of pairs of mounting plates, first connecting plates, and second connecting plates advantageously provides an efficient and effective mechanism by which to locate, position and fit the proximal end of each column between the mounting plates during assembly of the hoarding module. In addition, this arrangement effectively creates a guide means for ensuring that each column is confined such that it swings along a predetermined path substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the respective side member of the main frame, upon movement between the storage and support positions.

[00141] Referring to Figures 4 and 5, each support column 5 has an outer sleeve 20 and an inner sleeve 21 telescopically received within the outer sleeve and adapted for selective sliding movement relative to the outer sleeve, to adjust the effective length of the column 5, as required. In the illustrated embodiments, both the outer sleeve 20 and inner sleeve 21 are formed from a steel square hollow section (SFIS) and thus have substantially square cross-sectional profiles.

[00142] The outer sleeve 20 has aligned arrays of holes 22 formed in its front and rear faces at equally spaced apart locations along its length. The inner sleeve 21 has corresponding arrays of holes 23 formed at similarly spaced apart locations along its front and rear faces. The inner sleeve 21 is slidable within the outer sleeve 20 to selectively align a pair of holes in the outer sleeve with a pair of holes in the inner sleeve. Once the holes are aligned, a locking element in the form of a bolt can pass through one or more, preferably two, sets of the aligned holes and be secured in place by a threaded nut to set and hold the column 5 at a predetermined length. It will be appreciated that the length of each column 5 can be independently adjusted to different lengths to account for uneven terrain. For example, the lengths of the columns can be adjusted to account for an inclined surface foundation such as a hill, as shown in Figures 14A and 14B.

[00143] To enable each column 5 to be held in its horizontal storage position, the distal end 15 of each column 5 has a holding bracket in the form of a pair of parallel, spaced apart holding plates 24 with aligned holes 25. The holding plates 24 are arranged at the distal end of the respective outer sleeve 20 and extend laterally from the outer sleeve in the same direction as the first connecting plates 13. That is, the holding plates 24 are positioned directly underneath the first connecting plates when the respective column 5 is in the vertical storage position.

[00144] Upon rotation of a column 5 about its pivot axis away from the vertical supporting position, the holes 25 in the holding plates 24 are brought into alignment with a pair of holes 11 in the adjacent mounting bracket 6 on the respective side member 3. In this position, a passage is formed between the aligned holes (11, 25) so that a releasable locking element in the form of a bolt can be received therethrough to releasably secure and hold the column 5 in the horizontal storage position - as shown in Figure 1 (and in dashed lines in Figure 3).

[00145] The distal end of each inner sleeve 21 is provided with a foot 26 for engaging the foundation surface or ground 27 on which the hoarding assembly 1 is to be located. Each foot 26 is releasably mountable to the distal end of the respective column to enable the foot to be removed for maintenance or repair, or to provide access to the interior of the column.

[00146] Each foot 26 includes a fine adjustment mechanism provided by a threaded bar 28 and associated nut 29 to enable the effective overall length of the respective column 5 to be finely adjusted. This fine adjustment is intended to be undertaken when the respective column 5 is in its vertical orientation to ensure that the foot 26 positively engages the foundation. By ensuring that each column 5 engages the ground via the foot 26, this in turn advantageously ensures that each column is a load-bearing column acting to support the main frame in the elevated position above the foundation.

[00147] In the illustrated embodiments as most clearly shown in Figure 11 A, the foot 26 includes a base portion in the form of a base hex nut 30 threadingly engaged and welded to the distal end of the threaded bar 28. The threaded bar 28 extends from the base hex nut 30 and is thereby adapted to be received in the distal end of the inner sleeve 21 together with the nut 29.

[00148] A stop plate 31 is fixedly welded within the inner sleeve 21 at a predetermined distance up from its distal end to limit the extent to which the nut 29 can pass into the inner sleeve 21. Each stop plate 31 has a central clearance hole through which the free end of the respective threaded bar 28 can freely pass.

[00149] The adjustment nut 29 is fixedly arranged inside a housing 32. The housing 32 is generally square in cross-sectional profile so as to fit in a non-rotating manner within the square hollow tube of the inner sleeve 21.

[00150] The distal end of the inner sleeve 21 has four corner L-shaped notches 33 spaced from the extreme distal end by a predetermined distance and such that the notches 33 are arranged below the stop plate 31. The housing 32 of the adjustment nut 29 also includes four corner L-shaped notches 34, corresponding to the notches 33 formed in the inner sleeve 21. The notches 34 are spaced downwardly from an operatively upper end of the housing 32 such that, when the upper end of the housing 32 abuts the stop plate 31, the notches 34 in the housing are aligned with the notches 33 in the inner sleeve 21.

[00151] Referring to Figure 12, an engaging element in the form of a spring clip 35 is adapted to pass through each of the notches 33 in the inner sleeve, and each of the notches 34 in the housing 32 of the adjustment nut 29, to engage the housing 32 such that the respective foot 26 is releasably secured to the distal end of the inner sleeve 21. The spring clip 35 is formed from a single length of round bar (e.g. 5mm diameter) and bent so as to form a loop 36 at one end and a pair of mutually opposed tongs 37 extending from the loop 36. The loop or bend in the spring clip 35 is formed such that the tongs 37 are resiliently biased away from one another. The free ends of the tongs 37 are bent so as to diverge away from each other and thereby form a catch 38 at the free ends of the tongs. Accordingly, when the spring clip is inserted through the notches (33, 34), a portion or edge region 39 of each tong 37 (between the loop 36 and the catch 38) engages the edge of the outer notches (33, 34) and the catches 38 engage the inner notches (33, 34). The tongs 37 pass through the outer notches, then extend around the outside of a web 32’ of material of the inner column 21 formed on or between ends of adjacent notches, and back through the inner notches. By this arrangement, the spring clip 35 engages the inner sleeve 21 and the housing 32 of the adjustment nut 29 at at least four discrete locations so as to provide a secure engagement for releasably holding each foot 26 to the respective column 5.

[00152] It will be appreciated that the primary adjustment to the length of the columns 5 is provided by sliding the outer and inner sleeves (20, 21) relative to one another. Once the primary adjustment has been made, the feet 26 can be rotated relative to the adjustment nut 29 to provide a secondary fine length adjustment, thereby to ensure that the foot of each column engages the ground.

[00153] To assist in raising and lowering of the columns 5, a friction reducing element in the form of a wheel assembly 40 incorporating a castor wheel 41 and a connecting member 42 is releasably mountable to the distal end of the outer sleeve 21 of each column 5.

[00154] The wheel assembly 40 is releasably mounted to a wheel bracket in the form of a pair of parallel, spaced apart wheel plates 43 with aligned holes 44. The wheel plates 43 are welded to the distal end of the outer sleeve 21 of the respective column 5 so as to extend laterally therefrom in the opposite direction to that of the holding plates 24. The castor wheel 41 is mounted to a wheel shaft 45 and a pair of connecting members 42 are rotatably mounted to and extend from the respective portions of the wheel shaft projecting from each side of the wheel. A cross member 46 extends between the pair of connecting members 42 such that the members can rotate in unison about the axis of the wheel shaft. The connecting members 42 each have holes 47 which are aligned with each other and which can be brought into alignment with the holes of the respective wheel plate 43 by rotation of the connecting members 42 about the wheel shaft 45.

[00155] A connecting means in the form of rod 48 is provided to releasably secure the wheel assembly 40 to the wheel plates 43. The rod 48 can pass through the aligned holes in the connecting members 42 and the wheel plates 43 to hold or mount the wheel assembly on the respective column. The length of the rod 48 is greater than the distance between the connecting members 42 such that each end of the rod 48 can project outwardly from the connecting members, when the rod 48 is holding the wheel assembly in place.

[00156] To prevent the rod 48 from inadvertently working its way out of the holes, each end of the rod 48 has a transversely extending hole for receiving a locking element in the form of a locking pin 49 for engaging respective ends of the rod. The length of each locking pin 49 is greater than the diameter of the rod 48 such that a portion of each locking pin 49 stands proud of the rod 48, to thereby form a stop for preventing the rod from coming out of the aligned holes of the wheel plate and the connecting member. Each locking pin 49 is connected to a flexible support element in the form of a chain 50 to hold and retain the locking pin 49 relative to the wheel assembly 40 when the locking pin is removed from the transverse hole in the rod.

[00157] The wheel assembly 40 includes a locating arm 51 extending from the wheel at an angle relative to the connecting members 42. The locating arm 51 having a locating formation in the form of a cup-shaped formation 52 at its distal end for at least partially receiving the distal end of the inner sleeve, to thereby locate and align the wheel assembly relative to the respective column.

[00158] In the illustrated embodiments, a set of four secondary support columns 53 are removably attached to the respective corners of the main frame 2. The secondary support columns 53 are intended to be attached to the main frame 2 once the folding columns 5 have been deployed and the main frame 2 is being support in an elevated position. Thus, the removable secondary support columns 53 provide a degree of redundant support for the hoarding assembly 1 such that if, for example, one column (either a fixed foldable column 5, or a removable secondary support column 53) fails or is knocked out in the event of an accident the remaining columns should be sufficient to support the assembly until the failed or damaged leg is repaired or replaced. In Figure 3, a further set of secondary support columns 53 is attached to the central mounting bracket 3 once the folding columns have been moved to the respective vertical positions. It will be appreciated that these additional optional secondary support columns 53 will generally be used in applications where the span between the two innermost folding columns 5 is not a critical design factor. Conversely, when it is desired to have a relatively large span (e.g. to extend across a road or driveway), the additional secondary support columns 53 need not be used. It will also be appreciated that the optional secondary support columns 53 need not be arranged at the corners of the main frame, and may be configured as foldable legs as described herein. The particular arrangement of the primary and secondary support legs, and their configuration as either foldable or manually installed in a fixed vertical position, can be determined based on the size, shape and configuration of the main frame (or hoarding assembly itself), together with the design requirements for a particular application.

[00159] Each secondary support column 53 is generally of the same construction as the foldable columns 5, with an outer sleeve 20 and an inner sleeve 21 for telescopic length adjustment and a foot 26 as described herein. However, as the secondary support columns 53 are not intended to be rotated relative to the main frame 2, only one pair of first connecting plates 13 or mounting brackets 54 (Figure 6B) is provided at the proximal end of each removable column 53. Fasteners, typically two, in the form of a bolt and nut are provided to releasably secure the removable columns 53 to the corners of the main frame 2, via end mounting brackets 55 fixed on the underside of the main frame 2 and the mounting brackets 54.

[00160] Referring to Figure 16A, a plurality of criss-crossed side column bracing elements 56 are releasably secured between the end removable column 53 and the adjacent folding column 5. In the illustrated embodiment, two pairs of side column bracing elements 56 are releasably secured in a criss-cross arrangement between the end column 53 and the folding column 5, including an upper pair and a lower pair of bracing elements.

[00161] Similarly, a plurality of criss-crossed end bracing elements are releasably secured between the end columns 53 and thus extend perpendicular to the side bracing elements 56. Again, two pairs of end bracing elements are preferably releasably secured in a criss-cross arrangement between the end columns 53, including an upper pair and a lower pair of bracing elements. A similar set of criss-crossed bracing elements is also arranged to extend between the adjacent pair of folding legs, such that all four sides of the structure defined by the end columns 53 and adjacent pair of folding columns 5 are braced in a similar manner. In addition and again referring to Figure 16A, upper and lower horizontal bracing elements 56’ are secured to all four sides of the end structure defined by the end columns 53 and adjacent pair of folding columns 5.

[00162] In the illustrated embodiment, the side and end bracing elements (56, 58) are formed from steel angle bar.

[00163] The bracing elements 56 are attached to the respective columns by way of a bracing bracket 57 (Figure 16 and 17). Each bracing bracket 57 has a C-shaped body member for cupping the square columns (5, 53). A first tab 59 extends from a central web 60 of the bracing bracket 57, and a second tab 61 extends from a side flange 62 of the bracket 57. The second tab 61 is perpendicular to the first tab 59 such that the side bracing elements 56 can be attached to the first tabs 59 and the end bracing elements can be attached to the second tabs 61. As most clearly shown in Figure 16B, the bracing brackets 57 are releasably attached to the respective columns 5 by bolts passing through the holes in the outer and/or inner sleeves (20, 21), depending on the adjusted height of the column 5. The brackets 57 are mounted so that the tabs on respective mounting brackets face towards each other to thereby enable the bracing elements to be attached thereto. The brackets 57 span and are secured to two holes in the respective columns 5 and include upper and lower tabs to accommodate respective upper and lower bracing elements, as illustrated.

[00164] The main frame 2 is adapted to removably receive a plurality of discrete rectangular decking boards 63’ to define a working platform for supporting workman, materials, tools and other equipment. The decking boards 63’ are preferably formed from steel and extend orthogonally between the side members of the main frame in side-by-side relation. An L-shaped board locating element 63” extends along each side member 3 of the main frame, with one arm of each L-shaped member extending upwardly from the respective side member so as to limit the movement of the decking boards and thereby retain the decking boards therebetween. A series of platform plates 63 is preferably positioned to lie on top of and extend across a plurality of decking boards 63’ to provide a more continuous working surface and thereby effectively stiffen the working platform. The platform plate 63 may be formed from any suitable sheet material such as steel (e.g. checkerplate) or timber (e.g. plywood).

[00165] With reference to Figures 19-21, the main frame 2 includes handrail mounting formations or posts 64 arranged a predetermined spaced apart locations around the periphery of the main frame. Handrail units 65 are adapted to be releasably mounted to respective pairs of the handrail mounting posts 64. The handrail units 65 are mounted in a contiguous sequence to provide a substantially continuous guard rail about the periphery of the main frame 2.

[00166] Referring to Figure 21, each handrail unit 65 includes a pair of side legs 66 and cross rails 67 extending orthogonally between the side legs. In the illustrated embodiment, each handrail unit 65 includes three cross rails 67 extending between the side legs 66, with an upper cross rail substantially aligned with the proximal end of the side legs, a middle rail, and a lower rail arranged at a predetermined position above the distal end of the side legs. Two inverted U-shaped handles 69 are fixed to the middle rail 67 to facilitate handling during assembly and disassembly of the handrail. The handles are preferably inclined relative to the side legs, thereby to space the handles from the front or rear plane of the handrail unit to provide increased hand clearance.

[00167] The handrail mounting posts 64 include a pair of hollow tubes attached to the main frame 2 and spaced apart such that the distal end of the side legs 66 of the handrail units 65 can be received in the tubes (i.e. the portion of the side legs below the lower rail). In the illustrated embodiment, the handrail units 65 and the handrail mounting posts 64 are formed from square hollow steel sections.

[00168] As most clearly shown in Figure 1, a single handrail mounting post 64 is arranged at each end of the side members 3 of the main frame 2. Pairs of closely adjacent handrail mounting posts 64 are then positioned at predetermined equally spaced apart positions along the side member 3. In each of the pairs of closely adjacent mounting posts 64, the leftmost mounting post 64 is used for one handrail unit and the rightmost mounting post is used for the next handrail unit. This arrangement advantageously enables the handrail units to be mounted with a relative small gap (if any) between adjacent handrail units. A similar arrangement of handrail mounting posts 64 and handrail units 65 are employed along the end members 4 of the main frame 2.

[00169] Each handrail unit 65 includes a plurality of attachment formations in the form of nuts 90 welded to the handrail unit to enable a cover panel (not shown) to be releasably secured thereto by way of threaded bolts passing through corresponding holes in the cover panel.

[00170] In the illustrated embodiment, the hoarding assembly 1 includes a set of four lifting formations in the form of lifting lugs 68 welded to the side members 3 to facilitate handling of the main frame 2 (and hoarding module 1 as a whole) by suitable lifting equipment such as, for example, a crane.

[00171] Referring to Figures 14A to 15B, multiple hoarding assemblies 1 can be installed in a predetermined arrangement, in order to increase (in discrete multiples) the coverage provided by the modules. For example, as shown in Figures 14A and 14B, three hoarding assemblies 1 are releasably interconnected in contiguous end-to-end relation (i.e. in a series configuration). In other forms, multiple hoarding assemblies 1 can be releasably interconnected in side-to-side relation (i.e. in a parallel configuration). For example, in Figure 15A, there is provided two hoarding modules is parallel spaced apart relation, and in Figure 15B, there is provided three hoarding modules is parallel spaced apart relation. In yet other forms, two hoarding assemblies 1 can be arranged perpendicularly to each other in an L-shaped formation for use at intersections and corners. In such perpendicular formations, a support column or leg (5, 53) may not be installed at the ends of the abutting ends such that these ends are cantilevered (e.g. 3m cantilever), thereby to advantageously provide a corner area or region underneath the respective main frames free of columns to facilitate free passage for pedestrians around a corner or intersection.

[00172] To provide the interconnection between parallel modules, a plurality of joining bars are releasably connected between the adjoining side members 3 of the hoarding assemblies 1. The joining bars are adapted to enable a plurality of infill panels to be releasably mounted therebetween so as to cover any gaps between the adjoining modules. In this way, the decking boards of the main decking together with the infill panels provide a complete substantially uninterrupted platform for the interconnected modules.

[00173] In such arrangements with parallel, spaced apart hoarding assemblies 1, a plurality of criss-crossed bracing elements (not shown) are releasably secured between adjoining modules. To enable mounting of these additional bracing elements, the bracing brackets 57 may have a third tab 71 extending from the other flange 62 (Figure 17B).

[00174] Referring to Figures 19-20, one or more extension assemblies 72 are adapted for connection to the sides and/or ends of the main frame 2. These extension assemblies can advantageously be employed to extend the effective working area of the main deck or working platform of the hoarding assembly 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the extension assemblies 72 are adapted for releasable connection to the closely adjacent pairs of handrail mounting posts 64 on the main frame. In this embodiment, the extension assemblies 72 include supplementary handrail mounting posts 73 to enable mounting of a handrail unit 65 about the extension assemblies.

[00175] The extension assemblies can be configured to contain from one to five decking boards 74 between adjacent pairs of the extension assemblies 72. Figures 19A and 19B show an embodiment of a five-board the extension assembly.

[00176] Each extension assembly 72 includes a main support bar 75 in the form of an inverted channel, and two side support members 76 in the form of L-shaped channel sections welded to the main support bar. The side support members 76 define a lower board flange 77. The lower board flange 77 is adapted to receive and locate the appropriate number of extension decking boards 74 so as to have the upper surfaces thereof substantially flush with the upper surface of the main decking bards. It will be appreciated that the extension decking boards 74 therefore extend between a pair of spaced apart extension assemblies 72. Thus, the extension decking boards 74 are arranged so as to extend in a direction generally perpendicular to the decking boards 63’ of the main working platform. One or more extension platform plates (not shown) may be positioned to lie on top of and extend across a plurality of the extension decking boards, to provide a more continuous extension working surface and thereby effectively stiffen the extension working platform.

[00177] To enable mounting of the extension assembly 72 to the main frame 2, a pair of connecting elements 78 extends downwardly from the proximal end of the main support bar 75 so as to be engagable with the handrail mounting posts 64 on the main frame. In the illustrated embodiment, the connecting elements are in the form of hollow square tubular spigots such that the cross-sectional area of the connecting elements complements that of the corresponding handrail mounting posts 64.

[00178] Referring to Figure 19B, the extension assemblies includes an inclined supplementary support strut 79 extending from the respective supplementary handrail mounting posts 73 at its first end and positively engaging the main frame 2 at its second end. To aid in positive engagement and to maintain its alignment relative to the main frame, the supplementary support strut 79 includes a channel or cup member 80 at its second end for engaging (e.g. cupping) the respective handrail mounting posts 64 on the main frame 2.

[00179] To enable the use of extension modules at the end of the main frame 2, there is provided end extension assemblies which are adapted to be mounted to the single handrail support post 64 at the ends/corners of the main frame. These end extension assemblies are configured as either a right-handed extension assembly or a left-handed extension assembly for use at the relevant ends/corners of the main frame, with only a single lower board flange 77 from one side of the main support bar. In these end extension modules, the main support bar is typically half the width of the main support bar used in the extension modules 72. These end extension assemblies can also be employed in applications where multiple hoarding assemblies 1 are joined together in series as shown, for example, in Figure 14.

[00180] Figures 22A and 22B show two alternative embodiments of a ballast or counterweight block 82 which advantageously can be releasably attached to a support column 5 and/or a secondary support column 53 when the columns are in the vertical supporting configuration, to thereby stabilise the hoarding assembly in situ. Each ballast or counterweight block 82 is in the form of a precast concrete block.

[00181] The ballast block 82 of Figure 22A is adapted to extend between and be fastened to the secondary support column 53 and adjacent secondary support column 5. This ballast block 82 has a pair of ballast mounting plates 83 extending from respective end faces 84 of the block. In the illustrated embodiments, each ballast mounting plate 83 includes two openings in the form of slots 85 arranged and spaced apart so as to overlie the holes in the respective support column (5, 53), enabling the ballast block to be releasably secured to the column by the fasteners passing through the holes (22, 23) in the columns. In this embodiment, the ballast mounting plates 83 are substantially flush with a side wall 86 of the block. It will be appreciated that the ballast mounting plates 83 can be positioned at any desired location along the end face such as, for example, on the centreline. Each ballast mounting plate 83 is preferably provided by an L-shaped member (e.g. 150 x 150mm angle plate) having a first leg cast within the respective end face and a second leg extending outwardly from the end face, wherein the slots 85 for securing the block to the respective column are formed in the second leg.

[00182] Each ballast or counterweight block 82 has a pair of handling formations in the form of lifting pockets 87 to facilitate lifting and handling of the blocks with a suitable lifting equipment (e.g. forklift tines). Two or more ballast blocks 82 may be stacked on top of each other to enhance stability, as required.

[00183] The ballast block 82 of Figure 22B is adapted to be releasably fastened to a single support column. In this embodiment, the ballast block 82 has an open ended U-shaped locating formation provided by a channel member 88 (e.g. PFC) cast into a side or end wall of the ballast block. The channel member 88 is adapted to at least partially receive the respective column (e.g. in a type of tongue and groove arrangement). A series of holes 89 are formed in the central web of the channel 88 and aligned with corresponding passages extending through the block to enable the block to be fastened to the columns, via the holes (22, 23) in the columns (5, 53). The lifting pockets 87 here are defined by hollow tubular members welded to respective side flanges of the channel member and so as to extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the channel member.

[00184] In use, the hoarding module 1, with each foldable column in its storage position, is transported to site typically on a flat bed trailer of a truck. Once on site, a crane is typically used to lift the hoarding module off the truck and place it on the ground at a desired location with the wheel of each wheel assembly associated with the distal end of each folding column in direct contact with the ground. At this stage, the decking boards, handrails and any necessary extension modules can be installed onto the mainframe. Subsequently, with the hoarding module still on the ground, the bolt used to hold each foldable column in its horizontal storage position is then removed. Next the crane gradually raises the main frame/platform such that each foldable column rotates about its pivot axis defined by the connection with the associated mounting plate, with the associated wheel remaining in rolling contact with the ground throughout the lifting process. The main frame is raised until the foldable columns rotate into their vertical position, where each column is secured in place by the support fastener through the locking/mounting holes. The telescopic arrangement of the columns facilitates setting the length of the columns to suit the height requirements for the application. Two or more bolts may then be used to secure the inner and outer columns together. Once each column has been safely secured in its vertical orientation, the foot associated with each column can be adjusted to ensure that each foot engages the ground/foundations, and thereafter each wheel assembly can be removed. Secondary support columns can then be fitted to, for example, each corner of the main frame. Once the secondary columns are in position, cross-bracing can be attached between the respective columns. To assist in mounting of the bracing, in some instances and as part of the set up procedure, one or more clamps may be used to temporarily hold the bracing or bracing brackets to the respective columns in the desired position, with bolts subsequently used to securely fasten the bracing to the columns.

[00185] It will be appreciated that the invention in preferred embodiments provides a safe, simple, convenient, efficient, and secure method, apparatus and system for erecting an overhead hoarding module with an elevated platform. In particular, it allows the hoarding assembly 1 to be erected with the proximal end of the folding columns 5 attached to the main frame and the distal end in constant engagement or contact with the ground or foundation on which the assembly is to be positioned. Once the main frame has been raised to a sufficient height for the folding columns to automatically rotate into the vertical position, an operator can simply secure the columns to the main frame. As the columns are already in place at this time, the operator is not solely reliant on the crane to safely hold the main frame overhead, which addresses a major safety risk. In these and other respects, the invention represents a practical and commercially significant improvement over the prior art.

[00186] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms.

Claims

Claims

1. An overhead hoarding assembly, including: a main frame adapted to support a platform, the main frame having a pair of longitudinally extending side members and a pair of transversely extending end members; and structural support means connected to the main frame, the structural support means being selectively movable relative to the main frame between a storage configuration and a supporting configuration for holding the main frame in an elevated position at a predetermined height above a reference surface.
2. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 1, wherein the main frame is configured to extend in a substantially horizontal plane, and the structural support means is configured to extend in a substantially vertical direction when the support means is in the supporting configuration.
3. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the main frame includes one or more bracing members extending between the longitudinally extending side members, to thereby enhance the structural integrity of the main frame.
4. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 3, wherein the bracing members include one or more primary tie bars extending transversely between the side members of the main frame, the primary tie bars being arranged at predetermined spaced apart positions along the respective side members.
5. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the bracing members include one or more secondary tie bars arranged intermediate selected groups of the primary tie bars.
6. An overhead hoarding assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main frame includes a set of lifting formations adapted to facilitate handling of the main frame by lifting equipment.
7. An overhead hoarding assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the structural support means includes two or more support columns.
8. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 7, wherein each support column is hingedly mounted at its proximal end to the main frame, whereby each support column can be hingedly moved between its respective storage configuration and supporting configuration.
9. An overhead hoarding assembly according to clam 7 or claim 8, wherein each side member has respective mounting points for each support column, the mounting points being spaced apart such that each column can independently rotate between its storage and supporting configurations.
10. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 9, wherein the main frame has four movable support columns mounted to each side member.
11. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 10, wherein the four movable support columns are mounted to the side member such that two columns rotate in a clockwise direction about the respective mounting points and two columns rotate in a counter clockwise direction about the respective mounting points, during movement of each column between the storage configuration and the supporting configuration.
12. An overhead hoarding assembly according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein each mounting point is defined by a mounting bracket attached to the main frame, whereby the proximal end of each column is hingedly connectable to the mounting bracket for movement between the storage and supporting configurations.
13. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 12, wherein each mounting bracket includes a mounting plate, and the proximal end of each column has a first connecting bracket, wherein each mounting plate and first connecting bracket has an associated hole which can be aligned with one another to thereby enable receipt of a pivot shaft about which the column is rotatable.
14. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 13, wherein each mounting bracket has a pair of mounting plates, including an inner mounting plate and an outer mounting plate, with associated inner and outer holes aligned to facilitate the pivotal connection between the mounting brackets and the columns, and for securing the column in the supporting position.
15. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 14, wherein the proximal end of each column has a pair of first connecting plates, including an inner first connecting plate and an outer first connecting plate.
16. An overhead hoarding assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the proximal end of each column has a second connecting bracket with a locking hole, and each mounting plate has a second hole adapted to come into alignment with the associated locking hole when the respective column is in the supporting configuration, whereby a support fastener can be received in the aligned locking and second holes to releasably secure the column in the supporting position.
17. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 16, wherein the proximal end of each column has a pair of second connecting plates, including an inner second connecting plate and an outer second connecting plate.
18. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 17, wherein each mounting plate has three or more holes, thereby enabling lateral adjustment of the mounting position of the respective column along the length of the side members of the main frame.
19. An overhead hoarding assembly according to any one of claims 7 to 18, wherein each support column has an adjustable length.
20. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 19, wherein each column has an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve telescopically received within the outer sleeve and adapted for sliding movement relative to the outer sleeve, whereby the effective length of the column can be lengthened or shortened.
21. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 20, wherein the distal end of each column includes a holding bracket adapted to be releasably secured to the main frame, whereby the column is held in its storage configuration.
22. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 21, wherein each holding bracket includes a first holding plate with a hole, whereby, upon rotation of the associated column, the hole in the first holding plate can be aligned with a corresponding hole of the respective adjacent mounting plate, to thereby enable receipt of a locking element therethrough for releasably holding the column in the storage configuration.
23. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 21 or claim 22, wherein the outer sleeve has an array of holes formed at spaced apart locations along its length, and the inner sleeve has a corresponding array of holes formed at spaced apart locations along its length, whereby the inner sleeve is movable relative to the outer sleeve to selectively align one hole in the outer sleeve with one hole in the inner sleeve, wherein a locking element can pass through the aligned holes to hold and set the column at a predetermined length.
24. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 23, wherein the distal end of each column includes a foot for engaging the foundation surface on which the hoarding module is to be located.
25. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 24, wherein each foot is releasably mountable to the distal end of the respective column.
26. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 24 or claim 25, wherein a fine adjustment mechanism is associated with each foot for adjusting the effective length of the respective column.
27. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 26, wherein the foot includes a base portion for engaging the ground and a threaded bar extending from the base portion, wherein the threaded bar is adapted to be received in the distal end of the inner sleeve; and wherein a nut is arranged within the inner sleeve at a predetermined distance from its distal end such that the threaded bar can threadingly engage the nut, to thereby enable the fine adjustment mechanism.
28. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 27, wherein a releasable retaining means is provided to releasably secure each foot to the distal end of the associated support column.
29. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 28, wherein the releasable retaining means is a spring clip.
30. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 29, wherein a friction reducing element is associated with the distal end of each column to facilitate raising and lowering of the column.
31. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 30, wherein each friction reducing element is releasably mountable to the distal end of the respective column, the friction reducing element being adapted to remain in contact with the ground during movement of the respective support column between the storage and supporting configurations.
32. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 31, wherein the friction reducing element includes a guide wheel assembly incorporating a wheel.
33. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 32, wherein the distal end of each support column has a wheel bracket to which the wheel assembly can be releasably mounted.
34. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 33, the main frame is adapted to removably receive a plurality of discrete decking boards to define a platform for supporting workman.
35. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 34, wherein a handrail is releasably mountable about the main frame.
36. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 35, wherein the handrail includes a plurality of handrail units adapted to be mounted in handrail mounting formations on the main frame, the handrail units being mounted in a contiguous sequence to provide a substantially continuous rail about the periphery of the main frame.
37. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 36, wherein each handrail unit includes a pair of side legs and one or more cross rails extending transversely between the side legs.
38. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 37, wherein the handrail mounting formations include a pair of hollow tubes attached to the main frame and spaced apart such that the distal end of the side legs of the handrail units can be releasably received in the tubes.
39. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 38, wherein a cover panel is releasably mountable to each handrail unit, thereby to substantially cover the open area defined by the side legs and cross rails.
40. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 39, wherein one or more secondary support columns can be removably attached to the main frame.
41. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 40, wherein one or more of the secondary support columns are mounted outwardly of the support columns.
42. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 41, wherein a central mounting bracket on the mainframe is adapted to enable a secondary support column to be mounted thereto.
43. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 42, wherein each secondary support column has an adjustable length.
44. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 43, wherein each secondary support column has an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve telescopically received within the outer sleeve and adapted for selective sliding movement relative to the outer sleeve, whereby the effective length of the column can be lengthened or shortened.
45. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 44, wherein the distal end of each secondary support column includes a foot for engaging the foundation surface on which the hoarding module is to be located.
46. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 45, wherein one or more column bracing elements are releasably secured between a support column and a secondary support column.
47. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 46, wherein one or more ballast blocks is releasably attached to a support column and/or a secondary support column when the columns are in the supporting configuration, to thereby stabilise the hoarding assembly.
48. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 47, wherein each ballast or counterweight block is preferably in the form of a precast concrete block.
49. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 48, wherein the or each ballast block includes a pair of ballast mounting plates extending from the block, each ballast mounting plate including one or more openings arranged to overlie the holes in the respective support column, to thereby enable the ballast block to be releasably secured to the column by the fasteners passing through the holes in the columns and the opening in the ballast mounting plates.
50. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 49, wherein multiple hoarding modules are interconnected in a series or parallel arrangement, thereby to increase the footprint provided by the modules.
51. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 50, wherein one or more extension assemblies are adapted for connection to the sides and/or ends of the main frame, thereby to extend the effective working area of the main frame.
52. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 51, wherein the extension assemblies are cantilevered from the main frame.
53. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 52, wherein the extension assemblies are adapted for releasable connection to the handrail mounting formations on the main frame.
54. An overhead hoarding assembly according to claim 53, wherein each extension assembly includes supplementary handrail mounting formations to allow a handrail can be connected along the distal end of the extension assembly.