AU2017207269A1 - Crack detection in high pressure borehole tubulars using acoustic emission - Google Patents
Crack detection in high pressure borehole tubulars using acoustic emission Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2017207269A1 AU2017207269A1 AU2017207269A AU2017207269A AU2017207269A1 AU 2017207269 A1 AU2017207269 A1 AU 2017207269A1 AU 2017207269 A AU2017207269 A AU 2017207269A AU 2017207269 A AU2017207269 A AU 2017207269A AU 2017207269 A1 AU2017207269 A1 AU 2017207269A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- tubular
- sensor
- amplitude
- pct
- duration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013028 emission testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/007—Measuring stresses in a pipe string or casing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4427—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with stored values, e.g. threshold values
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
An acoustic emission sensor is placed on a tubular part and the part is subjected to rising pressure as readings are obtained. On some parts like swivel connectors, there must be a sensor on each moving component. The pressure is raised during testing to no more than 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure. Signals are detected by the sensors and results are displayed graphically and correlated on charts of Log duration v. amplitude and Log energy v. amplitude to reveal developing cracks. Extraneous noise such as rubbing, corrosion, or leaks will produce a different chart pattern and can be filtered out. Suspect components will be scrapped to avoid failure from further high pressure use.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The field of the invention is a testing technique using acoustic emission to detect for cracks and wall thinning in high pressure flow iron and components having returned from pressure pumping operations or overpressure events to determine if damage from stress has occurred. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Iron used in pressure pumping operations is inspected at periodic intervals for cracks on the exterior surface and at the threaded connections. The industry standard for detecting cracks is using magnetic particle inspection. It is a highly subjective test that sometimes produces inaccurate results based on the skill and training of the inspector. Other methods include a shear wave ultrasonic scan of the entire part or radiography. Both are expensive, time consuming, and require a highly trained technician not to mention the awareness of using nuclear sources.
[0003] A more objective test was needed to inspect high pressure oilfield iron that has returned from jobs under severe pressure and vibration conditions or if the iron has experienced pressures exceeding design limits. Micro cracks develop in locations with high stress risers and then propagate until fracture occurs, sometimes far below the design limits. Failure from iron fracture causes a loss of production which translates into expense for the operator and Service Company or at worst; causes injury or death. The acoustic emission test quickly inspects the entire component for cracks and removes the subjective interpretation of results.
[0004] Acoustic emission is a technique that has been used to detect cracks in drill bit cutting inserts in US 2013/0166214. The technique is also used to determine the effects of corrosion as shown in US 7246516. Pressure vessels can be monitored using acoustic emission testing in the nuclear power generation industry as shown in US 3855847. However, it only monitors the vessel under continuous operation and at pressures far below design levels. The present invention entails a quick pressure buildup above design limits to force open micro cracks for analysis. It is the only reliable method available
WO 2017/123543
PCT/US2017/012845 to recertify a part that has been over-pressured and also has the ability to identify past occurrences of overpressure in the part.
[0005] Despite the long standing existence of acoustic emission technology, it has heretofore not been applied in this manner to the testing of high pressure tubular iron and components for micro cracks to determine if the part is fit for further service. Additionally, acoustic emission can do a full body scan for wall thinning from erosive and corrosive fluids during pumping operations. Current methods for detecting for minimum wall is to use hand held ultrasonic instruments to perform spot checks of local areas and not the entire pipe thereby allowing areas of wall thinning to go undetected.
[0006] The method of this patent uses acoustic emission technology to record and analyze shockwaves generated as micro cracks open under pressure during testing. The part is subjected to a rising step up in pressure, up to 150% of the maximum allowable working pressure. Data is gathered, evaluated, and displayed on charts that track Log duration v. amplitude and Log energy v. amplitude from the signals generated at one or more sensors attached to the iron. The shapes of the plots reveal the presence and severity of cracks, and the data can be further downloaded and passed through a program to give a reliable, objective, and consistent report on whether the part passes or fails. Additional analysis of the correlation plots will also detect for minimum wall thickness over the entire component. The complete process only takes a few minutes. These and other aspects of the present invention will be more readily apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the detailed description of the preferred embodiment and the associated drawings while recognizing that the full scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0007] An acoustic emission sensor is placed on a tubular part and the part is subjected to rising pressure as readings are obtained. On some parts like swivel connectors, there must be a sensor on each moving component. The pressure is raised during testing to no more than 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure. Signals are detected by the sensors and results are displayed graphically and correlated on charts of Log duration v. amplitude and Log energy v. amplitude to reveal developing cracks.
WO 2017/123543
PCT/US2017/012845
Extraneous noise such as rubbing, corrosion, or leaks will produce a different chart pattern and can be filtered out. Suspect components will be scrapped to avoid failure from further high pressure use.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0008] FIG. 1 shows sensor locations on a swivel;
[0009] FIG. 2 shows sensor locations on a straight joint;
[0010] FIG. 3 shows sensor location for an elbow;
[0011] FIG. 4 shows sensor location for a cross;
[0012] FIG. 5 is a logarithmic display of Log energy v. amplitude per hit of the signal from a test;
[0013] FIG. 6 is a logarithmic display of Log duration v. amplitude per hit of the signal from a test.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT [0014] FIG. 1 shows locations for sensors 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 on all the relatively rotating components of a multi-connection swivel. In FIG. 2, the sensors can be placed near either end or at opposed ends 20 and 22. FIG. 3 illustrates sensor 24 placement in the middle of an elbow. FIG. 4 locates sensor 26 in the middle of a cross. The sensor should be mounted using magnetic hold downs and adequate couplant applied to the sensor to enhance signal transmission. The center of the sensor face should be directly coupled to the surface of the iron. The surface in contact with the sensor face must be clean and free of particulate matter. Signal loss can be caused by certain types of paint or coatings, encapsulates, geometric discontinuities, and surface roughness. In certain cases, it may be necessary to reduce signal loss by locally removing corrosion, paint etc. from the surface of the metal.
[0015] After calibration, pressure is gradually increased and the resulting signals sensed and plotted in a variety of formats. The pressure is increased to about 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure for the component. The tail in FIG. 5 indicates the development of a major crack. The pattern of FIG 6 near the top similarly indicates a tail as an indication of a major crack. The second and smaller tail below indicates minor cracks developing. Each individual hit signal (red dots on the graphs) is collected and analyzed in a separate program for pass/fail.
WO 2017/123543
PCT/US2017/012845 [0016] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that used parts recycled from other jobs may have been subjected to pressure or vibration that has initiated cracks and would not be detectable during an external visual inspection or within the part using a borescope. Running all these parts through x-ray would be cost prohibitive and require extensive safety measures. The method of the present invention allows mounting the acoustic emission sensor to the part and raising the pressure to a level not to exceed 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure to determine if cracks either exist or are developing in the part to a point where the part should be scrapped because it creates a significant risk for failure on its next use. The cracks can be either on the surface, hidden by corrosion, or below the surface. The methodology of generating and analyzing the signals is new in the sense that pressure is raised above the design limit in order to open any micro cracks that could lead to failure and to recertify iron that was over-pressured in the field. The testing can occur in the shop when the parts are returned after a job. Tubulars as well as connecting parts can be tested in minutes either individually or assembled as a string.
[0017] The above description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention whose scope is to be determined from the literal and equivalent scope of the claims below.
WO 2017/123543
PCT/US2017/012845
Claims (13)
- I claim:1. A used tubular or tubular connection testing method, characterized by mounting at least one acoustic emission sensor (10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 ) to the tubular or tubular connection;raising the internal pressure to as much as 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure for the tubular or tubular connection;tracking duration v. amplitude or energy v. amplitude signals from said at least one sensor( FIGS. 5and 6); comparing information from said tracking to a standard to decide if the tubular or tubular connection is accepted for reuse or rejected.
- 2. The method of claim 1, comprising;mounting a plurality of sensors when the tubular connection has relatively movable parts (FIG. 1).
- 3. The method of claim 1, comprising;graphing logarithmically duration v. amplitude or energy v. amplitude data from said at least one sensor (FIGS. 5 and 6).
- 4. The method of claim 1, comprising;cleaning the surface of the tubular or tubular connection before attaching said at least one sensor.
- 5. The method of claim 1, comprising;locating a center of a face of said at least one sensor directly to the tubular or tubular connection outer surface.
- 6. The method of claim 3, comprising;determining if said graphing reveals one or more tails as an indication of cracking.
- 7. The method of claim 1, comprising;using data from said at least one sensor to compute the minimum wall thickness of the tubular or tubular component.
- 8. The method of claim 1, comprising;opening micro-cracks in the tubular or tubular component from said raising the internal pressure.WO 2017/123543PCT/US2017/012845
- 9. The method of claim 1, comprising;mounting said at least one sensor with magnetic force.
- 10. The method of claim 1, comprising;applying a couplant to said at least one sensor to enhance transmission.
- 11. The method of claim 1, comprising;performing a full body wall thickness evaluation from data from said at least one sensor.
- 12. The method of claim 1, comprising;performing said comparing for the tubular or tubular connection in a manner of minutes.
- 13. The method of claim 1, comprising;performing said comparing in a shop after said tubular or tubular connection is returned from field service.WO 2017/123543PCT/US2017/012845WO 2017/123543PCT/US2017/012845FIG. 4WO 2017/123543PCT/US2017/0128453/4ΪΣ <d α,CDΟΣ3 ο,Ε <ώ >σ) φ£ΖUJ σ>ο ο οΟ ΧLog Energy vs. Amplitude ChartFIG. 5WO 2017/123543PCT/US2017/0128454/4Log Duration vs. Amplitude (per hit)Duration(us) vs. Amplitude(dB) <1-6>Log Duration vs. Amplitude ChartFIG. 6
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201662277695P | 2016-01-12 | 2016-01-12 | |
US62/277,695 | 2016-01-12 | ||
US15/400,260 | 2017-01-06 | ||
US15/400,260 US20170198563A1 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2017-01-06 | Crack Detection in High Pressure Borehole Tubulars using Acoustic Emission |
PCT/US2017/012845 WO2017123543A1 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2017-01-10 | Crack detection in high pressure borehole tubulars using acoustic emission |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU2017207269A1 true AU2017207269A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
Family
ID=59275457
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2017207269A Abandoned AU2017207269A1 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2017-01-10 | Crack detection in high pressure borehole tubulars using acoustic emission |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170198563A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3403084A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108474768A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2017207269A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112018013753A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3010860A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO2018007985A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2018008408A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2688810C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017123543A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112904446B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2023-11-10 | 格力电器(合肥)有限公司 | Pipe fitting detection method, device, system, electronic equipment and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3036951C2 (en) * | 1980-09-30 | 1982-11-25 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Method for acoustic emission testing of containers or pipelines made of steel, in particular for nuclear reactor plants |
US4732045A (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-03-22 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for rapid acoustic emission testing of pressure vessels |
DD286430A5 (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1991-01-24 | Technische Hochschule "Carl Schorlemmer" Leuna-Merseburg,De | METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR DETERMINING FAILURE LIMITS BY MEANS OF SCALING MISSION ANALYSIS |
US6684706B2 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2004-02-03 | Cooper Cameron Corporation | Ultrasonic testing system |
US6490927B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-12-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method for detecting multiple types of corrosion |
RU2217741C2 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2003-11-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт авиации им. С.А. Чаплыгина" | Multichannel acoustic-emission system of diagnostics of structures |
US6799466B2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2004-10-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Guided acoustic wave inspection system |
JP3886865B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2007-02-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Metal material damage evaluation method and apparatus |
FR2838519B1 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2004-11-19 | Gaz De France | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING AND QUALIFYING A RESERVOIR IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
DE10259218A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-07-01 | Agfa Ndt Gmbh | Method and device for determining the size of a crack in a workpiece using the ultrasonic pulse method |
RU2290634C1 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2006-12-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Владимироблгаз" | Method for acoustic-emission control and diagnostics of reservoirs for storage of liquefied gas |
RU2339938C1 (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-11-27 | ФГУП "Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт авиации им. С.А. Чаплыгина" (ФГУП "СибНИА им. С.А. Чаплыгина") | Method of diagnosing metallic structures and device for implementing method |
US8296083B2 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2012-10-23 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Vibratory pipeline diagnostic system and method |
KR20100041696A (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2010-04-22 | 도꾸리쯔교세이호진상교기쥬쯔소고겡뀨죠 | High-pressure tank damage detecting method and device therefor |
RU2431139C1 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-10-10 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Российские Железные Дороги" | Method of acoustic-emission control of pressurised vessels and device to this effect |
US8316712B2 (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-11-27 | Margan Physical Diagnostics Ltd. | Quantitative acoustic emission non-destructive inspection for revealing, typifying and assessing fracture hazards |
DE202012009675U1 (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-01-13 | Ulrich Seuthe | Apparatus for detecting cracking of a component due to induction hardening of the component |
-
2017
- 2017-01-06 US US15/400,260 patent/US20170198563A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-01-10 CN CN201780005817.XA patent/CN108474768A/en active Pending
- 2017-01-10 WO PCT/US2017/012845 patent/WO2017123543A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-01-10 AU AU2017207269A patent/AU2017207269A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-01-10 EP EP17738798.2A patent/EP3403084A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-01-10 BR BR112018013753A patent/BR112018013753A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2017-01-10 CA CA3010860A patent/CA3010860A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-01-10 RU RU2018126387A patent/RU2688810C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2017-01-10 MX MX2018008408A patent/MX2018008408A/en unknown
-
2018
- 2018-07-30 CO CONC2018/0007985A patent/CO2018007985A2/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3403084A1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
BR112018013753A2 (en) | 2018-12-11 |
CN108474768A (en) | 2018-08-31 |
US20170198563A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
CA3010860A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
CO2018007985A2 (en) | 2018-08-10 |
RU2688810C1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
MX2018008408A (en) | 2018-08-14 |
WO2017123543A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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MK5 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(e) - patent request and compl. specification not accepted |