AU2017100218A4 - Parallel-integrated fiber bragg grating, method and device for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Parallel-integrated fiber bragg grating, method and device for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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AU2017100218A4
AU2017100218A4 AU2017100218A AU2017100218A AU2017100218A4 AU 2017100218 A4 AU2017100218 A4 AU 2017100218A4 AU 2017100218 A AU2017100218 A AU 2017100218A AU 2017100218 A AU2017100218 A AU 2017100218A AU 2017100218 A4 AU2017100218 A4 AU 2017100218A4
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fiber
solid
core
gratings
fiber bragg
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Changrui Liao
Qiao WANG
Yiping Wang
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02123Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
    • G02B6/02152Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating involving moving the fibre or a manufacturing element, stretching of the fibre
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/0208Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of optical fibers, and more particularly to a 5 parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating, as well as a method and a device for manufacturing the same. The fiber grating comprises a solid-core fiber, and a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings with different periods is inscribed along the axial direction of fibers within the core of the solid-core fiber, and spaced from each other at a certain distance. When the fiber grating is made, the moving speed of fibers can be controlled by the three-dimensional 0 movable platform so as to inscribe a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings with parameters set by users within the fiber core. The three-dimensional movable platform adjusts the spacing between the gratings so as to avoid interference between the gratings. Such gratings provide a good solution to the multi-wavelength fiber Bragg gratings. The parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating produced by the present invention can be made in a simple manner and with 5 low costs, and the produced fiber gratings have high mechanical strength, stable performance and good application value in the fields of fiber communications, fiber sensing and fiber lasers. Fig.1 a04 103 102 - t ------- .. .. . .. . . . . 1 :0.

Description

1 2017100218 24 Feb 2017
PARALLEL-INTEGRATED FIBER BRAGG GRATING, METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD 5 [0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical fibers, and more particularly to a parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating, as well as a method and a device for manufacturing the same.
BACKGROUD .0 [0002J A multi-wavelength fiber grating is a new fiber device that has occurred in recent years and can be widely used in many fields covering communications, sensing, laser and biomedicine. Rapid development of the multi-wavelength optical fiber gratings is attributed to its particular characteristic of wavelength selection.
[0003] The method for preparing multi-wavelength fiber gratings and theoretical analysis 5 thereof are becoming increasingly hot among researchers ever since the first use of a fiber grating cascade with multiple center wavelengths to make multi-wavelength fiber gratings by Qingge Mao et al. There are many ways to inscribe multi-wavelength optical gratings, for instance, common fiber gratings are connected in parallel to form multi-wavelength gratings. Inscription of multi-wavelength gratings on special fibers (microstructural fibers, multimode 20 fibers, birefringence fibers, etc.) needs expensive phase masks and special fibers. At present, the primary method for producing multi-wavelength fiber gratings is to inscribe multi-wavelength fiber gratings on special fibers by way of phase masking. W hen using this method, the center wavelengths of gratings are limited by phase masks, and special fibers need to be purchased, which greatly increase the cost in inscribing multi-wavelength fiber 25 gratings.
SUMMARY
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating, and a method and a device for manufacturing the 2 2017100218 24 Feb 2017 same, so as to inscribe the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating on a solid-core fiber without using a phase mask. The present invention is achieved by: a parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating comprising a solid-core fiber, a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings with different periods being inscribed along the axial direction of fibers within the core of the solid-core 5 fiber, and spaced from each other at a certain distance.
[0006] Moreover, the grating has a length ranging from 500 μηι to 2cm.
[0007] Moreover, the gratings are parallel to each other.
[0008] There is provided a device for manufacturing a fiber Bragg grating as stated above, comprising a femtosecond laser, a laser energy adjuster, a shutter device, a CCD camera, a 0 dichroic mirror, an objective lens, a three-dimensional movable platform, a fiber coupler, a detecting light source and a spectrometer;
the three-dimensional movable platform is used to straighten and secure a solid-core fiber to be processed and drive the solid-core fiber in motion in X, Y and Z directions at a preset speed, wherein X direction is the axial direction of fibers, Z direction is the direction 5 of optical axis of the objective lens, and Y direction is the direction perpendicular to the X direction and Z direction; energy of lasers sent out by the femtosecond laser is adjusted by the laser energy adjuster and reflected onto the objective lens via the diachronic mirror, and then focused via the objective lens, and the focus of the lasers can be located within the core of the solid-core 20 fiber by adjusting the position of the solid-core fiber; the detecting light source is connected with the solid-core fiber through the fiber coupler, and the detecting light emitted by the detecting light source is coupled to the solid-core fiber via the fiber coupler; the spectrometer is used to detect transmission spectrum and/or reflection spectrum 25 of the detecting light passing though the solid-core fiber; the shutter device is arranged in the light path of the laser for controlling the interval of irradiation of lasers on the solid-core fibers and the time period of each irradiation; the CCD camera is used to collect the image of the solid-core fibers through the dichroic mirror and the objective lens. 30 [0015] Moreover, the laser energy adjuster comprises a half-wave plate and a Gian prism, 3 2017100218 24 Feb 2017 and the lasers sent out by the femtosecond laser enter into the Gian prism after passing through the half-wave plate.
[0016] Moreover, the shutter device is arranged in the light path between the laser energy adjuster and the dichroic mirror. 5 [0017] Moreover, the objective lens is an oil immersion microobjective lens having a numerical aperture of 1.25 and a refractive index of oil liquid of 1.445.
[0018] Moreover, the laser has a wavelength of 800 nanometers, a pulse frequency of 1 kHz, a pulse width of 100 femtoseconds, and an energy scope from 50 nanojoules to 180 nanojoules. .0 [0019] There is provided a method for manufacturing the abovementioned fiber Bragg grating by the abovementioned manufacturing device, comprising the steps of:
Step 1: straightening and securing a solid-core fiber with its coating stripped off onto a three-dimensional movable platform, and using the three-dimensional movable platform to position the core of the solid-core fiber in the focal position of lasers sent out by a .5 femtosecond laser;
Step 2: inscribing a first fiber Bragg grating point by point along the axial direction of the fiber within the core of the solid-core fiber by means of the lasers sent out by the femtosecond laser;
Step 3: moving the solid-core fiber along the radial direction of fibers to a preset 20 distance by means of the three-dimensional movable platform, and then inscribing a next fiber Bragg grating by the same method;
Step 4: repeating the step 3 until the inscription of all the fiber Bragg gratings is finished.
[0024] Moreover, when the fiber Bragg grating is inscribed, the 25 transmission spectrum and/or reflection spectrum of the obtained fiber Bragg grating shall be monitored by a spectrometer in real time, [0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention does not need expensive phase masks, but can control the position of the solid-core fibers by a precise three-dimensional movable platform so as to inscribe a plurality of mutually parallel and spaced gratings with 30 different periods in the core of the solid-core fiber. The three-dimensional movable platform 4 2017100218 24 Feb 2017 controls the gratings with a reasonable spacing such that there is no interference between the gratings. Such gratings provide a good solution to the multi-wavelength fiber Bragg gratings. The parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating produced by the present invention can be made in a simple manner and with low costs, and the produced fiber gratings have high mechanical 5 strength, stable performance and good application value in the fields of fiber communications, fiber sensing and fiber lasers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1 is a top schematic view7 of a parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating provided .0 by the present invention; [0027] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating provided by the present invention; [0028] FIG. 3 is a structural schematic view of a device for manufacturing the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating provided by the present invention; 5 [0029] FIG. 4 is a flowchart schematic view of a method for manufacturing the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating provided by the present invention; [0030] FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing reflection spectrum of each produced grating during the process of manufacturing the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating; and [0031] FIG. 6 is a schematic view' showing transmission spectrum of each produced grating 20 during the process of manufacturing the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0032] To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings and 2$ embodiments.
[0033] As shown in FIG. I, a parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating comprises a solid-core fiber 1, a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings 104 with different periods is inscribed along the axial direction of fibers within a core 103 of the solid-core fiber 1, and the gratings 104 are parallel to each other and spaced from each other at a certain distance. Each grating has a 30 length ranging from 500 pm to 2cm. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the core 103 is provided 5 2017100218 24 Feb 2017 therein with three gratings 104 that are parallel to each other and spaced at a distance so as to avoid interference between the gratings 104. The gratings 104 can also be arranged in parallel to each other so as to form a plurality of layers with each layer having at least two gratings 104. in FIGs. 1 and 2, a coating is denoted by 101, and a cladding is denoted by 102. 5 [0034] FIG. 3 show's a device for manufacturing the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating.
In view' of FIGs 1, 2 and 3, the device comprises a femtosecond laser 2, a laser energy adjuster, a shutter device 5, a CCD camera 6, a dichroic mirror 7, an objective lens 8, a three-dimensional movable platform 9, a fiber coupler 10, a detecting light source 11 and a spectrometer 12. 0 [0035] The three-dimensional movable platform 9 is used to straighten and secure a solid-core fiber 1 to be processed and drive the solid-core fiber 1 in motion in X, Y and Z directions at a preset speed, wherein X direction is the axial direction of the solid-core fiber 1, the three-dimensional movable platform 9 controls the moving speed of the solid-core fiber 1 along the X direction so as to control the period of the obtained grating 104; Z direction is the 5 direction of optical axis of the objective lens, and after a layer of gratings 104 is inscribed, the three-dimensional movable platform 9 controls the solid-core fiber 1 to move a certain distance along the Z direction so as to inscribe another layer of gratings 104; and Y direction is the direction perpendicular to the X direction and Z direction, and after a layer of gratings 104 is inscribed, the three-dimensional movable platform 9 controls the solid-core fiber 1 to 20 move a preset distance along the Y axis so as to inscribe next grating, the distance moved along the Y axis is called the spacing of gratings.
[0036] Energy of lasers sent out by the femtosecond laser 2 is adjusted by the laser energy adjuster and reflected onto die objective lens 8 via the diachronic mirror 7, and then focused via the objective lens 8 before emission, and the focus of the lasers cart be located in the core 25 of the solid-core fiber 1 by adjusting the position of the solid-core fiber 1. The laser has a wavelength of 800 nanometers, a pulse frequency of 1 kHz, a pulse width of 100 femtoseconds, and an energy scope from 50 nanojoules to 180 nanojoules. The laser energy adjuster can adjust the energy' of lasers w'ithin the energy scope. The laser energy adjuster specifically comprises a half-wave plate 3 and a Gian prism 4, and the lasers sent out by the 30 femtosecond laser 2 enter into the Gian prism 4 after passing through the half-wave plate 3 6 2017100218 24 Feb 2017 and then are emitted from the Gian prism 4 into the objective lens 8. The incident laser energy strength can be adjusted by rotating the half-wave plate 3. The objective lens 8 is an 011 immersion objective lens having a numerical aperture of 1.25, and an oil liquid that is similar to the material of fibers can be used with a refractive index of oil liquid of 1.445. 5 Through adjusting the solid-core fiber 1 by the three-dimensional movable platform 9, the focus of lasers can be precisely positioned at a place in need of gratings 104 within the core of the solid-core fiber 1.
[0037] In order to monitor the transmission and/or reflection spectrum of the obtained gratings 104 in real time during the manufacturing of the gratings 104, the device also 0 comprises a detecting light source 11 and a spectrometer 12. The detecting light source 11 is connected with the solid-core fiber 1 through a fiber coupler 10, and the detecting light emitted by the detecting light source 11 is coupled to the solid-core fiber 1 via the fiber coupler 10. The spectrometer 12 is used to detect transmission spectrum and/or reflection spectrum of the detecting light passing though the solid-core fiber 1. When the spectrometer 5 12 is connected with the proximal end of the solid-core fiber 1 by the fiber coupler 10, the refl ection spectrum of the obtained gratings 104 can be detected; and when the spectrometer 12 is connected with the distal end (indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 3) of the solid-core fiber 1, the transmission spectrum of the obtained gratings 104 can be detected. The fiber coupler 10 may be a fiber coupler with an insertion loss of 3dB. 20 [0038] The shutter device 5 is arranged in the light path of the laser, particularly in the light path between the laser energy adjuster and the diachronic mirror 7, for controlling the interval of irradiation of lasers on the solid-core fibers 1 and the time period of each irradiation. The CCD camera 6 is used to collect the image of the solid-core fiber 1 by the diachronic mirror 7 and the objective lens 8. The CCD camera 6 can observe and collect the 25 focus of lasers in the solid-core fiber 1 and images in the vicinity so as to facilitate observation of the manufacturing process of the gratings 104. FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for manufacturing the fiber Bragg grating by the above manufacturing device. In view of FIGs. I, 2, 3 and 4, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: straightening and securing a solid-core fiber 1 with its coating stripped off 30 onto a three-dimensional movable platform 9, and using the three-dimensional movable platform 9 to position the core of the solid-core fiber 1 in the focal position of lasers sent out by a femtosecond laser 2, Before inscribing the gratings 104, it needs to adjust, in advance, relevant parameters such as the focal position of lasers, laser energy and the moving speed of the three-dimensional movable platform 9; 2017100218 24 Feb 2017 5 Step 2: inscribing a first fiber Bragg grating point by point along the axial direction of the fiber within the core of the solid-core fiber 1 by means of the lasers sent out by the femtosecond laser 2;
Step 3: moving the solid-core fiber 1 along the radial direction of fibers to a preset distance by means of the three-dimensional movable platform 9, and then inscribing a next 0 fiber Bragg grating 104 by the same method. After a grating 104 is inscribed, the solid-core fiber 1 is moved to an initial inscribing position for inscribing the grating 104 by the three-dimensional movable platform 9 and then radially moved to inscribe the next grating 104. The radial moving distance is the spacing between gratings 104, which is often set to be 2pm. Of course, after inscribing one grating 104, it is also possible to not return the 5 solid-core fiber 1 to the initial inscribing position, but directly move the solid-core fiber 1 to a preset distance along the radial direction of fibers so as to inscribe the next grating 104. At this time, the moving direction of the solid-core fiber 1 in the X direction when inscribing the next grating 104 is contrary to that when inscribing the previous grating 104, in such a way to make the gratings 104 in a parallel positional relationship; 20 Step 4: repeating the step 3 until the inscription of all the fiber Bragg gratings 104 is finished. The finished gratings 104 are parallel to each other and spaced at a preset distance. If the fiber Bragg grating 104 comprising multiple layers is to be made, after a layer of gratings 104 is made, it needs to use the three-dimensional movable platform 9 to move the fiber 1 to a preset distance along the Z direction to make another layer of gratings 104. 25 [0043] When the fiber Bragg grating 104 is inscribed, the reflection spectrum and transmission spectrum of the obtained fiber Bragg grating 104 shall be monitored by the spectrometer 12 in real time. Three spectra in FIG. 5 from top to bottom are respectively reflection spectra when making the three gratings 104. Three spectra in FIG. 6 from top to bottom are respectively transmission spectra when making the three gratings 104. It can be 30 seen from FIGs. 5 and 6 that there is no interference between the gratings 104, and the 2017100218 24 Feb 2017 8 spectra of the gratings 104 will not affect each other.
[0044] Compared with the conventional manufacturing method, the manufacturing method of the present invention is flexible and can be applied in any type of solid-core fibers 1. By adjusting such parameters as laser energy, grating period, grating length, the inscribing 5 efficiency of the fiber grating 104 can be greatly enhanced to obtain high-quality' fiber gratings 104 and ensure stable mechanical strength and performance of the gratings 104. The parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating 104 made by the present invention has good application value in the fields of fiber communi cations, fiber sensing and fiber lasers, for example, (1) filter based on the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating 104: the fiber grating 0 104 serves as a fiber filter, and the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating 104 can serve as the multi-wavelength fiber filter; (2) temperature and strain sensors based on the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating 104: for instance, one sample of the fiber gratings 104 made by the present invention is tested, wherein the temperature sensitivity is 12pmfG, and the strain sensitivity' can reach 1 pm/με; (3) a wavelength selection device based on the 5 multi-wavelength fiber Bragg grating 104: one sample of the parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating 104 made by the present invention is tested, and after 12 hours at the temperature of 1000°C, the fiber gratings 104 do not decline and have good stability at a high temperatue, and therefore can be used for high-efficiency fiber laser system.
[0045] The above is only preferred embodiments of the present invention and therefore not 20 intended to limit the scope thereof. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the sprit and principle of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

  1. Claims WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
    1. A parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating, characterized by comprising a solid-core fiber, a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings with different periods being inscribed along the axial direction of fibers within the core of the solid-core fiber, and spaced from each other at a certain distance.
  2. 2. The fiber Bragg grating according to claim 1, characterized in that the grating has a length ranging from 500 pm to 2cm.
  3. 3. The fiber Bragg grating according to claim 1, characterized in that the gratings are parallel to each other.
  4. 4. A device for manufacturing the fiber Bragg grating according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising a femtosecond laser, a laser energy adjuster, a shutter device, a CCD camera, a dichroic mirror, an objective lens, a three-dimensional movable platform, a fiber coupler, a detecting light source and a spectrometer; the three-dimensional movable platform is used to straighten and secure a solid-core fiber to be processed and drive the solid-core fiber in motion in X, Y and Z directions at a preset speed, wherein X direction is the axial direction of fibers, Z direction is the direction of optical axis of the objective lens, and Y direction is the direction perpendicular to the X direction and Z direction; energy of lasers sent out by the femtosecond laser is adjusted by the laser energy adjuster and reflected onto the objective lens via the diachronic mirror, and then focused via the objective lens, and the focus of the lasers can be located within the core of the solid-core fiber by adjusting the position of the solid-core fiber; the detecting light source is connected with the solid-core fiber through the fiber coupler, and the detecting light emitted by the detecting light source is coupled to the solid-core fiber via the fiber coupler; the spectrometer is used to detect transmission spectrum and/or reflection spectrum of the detecting light passing though the solid-core fiber, the shutter device is arranged in the light path of the laser for controlling the interval of irradiation of the lasers on the solid-core fibers and the time period of each irradiation; and the CCD camera is used to collect the image of the solid-core fibers through the dichroie mirror and the objective lens.
  5. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the laser energy adjuster comprises a half-wave plate and a Gian prism, and the lasers sent out by the femtosecond laser enter into the Gian prism after passing through the half-wave plate.
  6. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the shutter device is arranged in the light path between the laser energy adjuster and the dichroie mirror.
  7. 7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the objective lens is an oil immersion microobjective lens having a numerical aperture of 1.25 and a refractive index of oil liquid of 1.445.
  8. 8. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the laser has a wavelength of 800 nanometers, a pulse frequency of 1 kHz, a pulse width of 100 femtoseconds, and an energy scope from 50 nanojoules to 180 nanojoules.
  9. 9. A method for manufacturing the fiber Bragg grating according to any one of claims 1 to 3 by the device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characteri zed by comprising the steps of: Step 1: straightening and securing a solid-core fiber with its coating stripped off onto a three-dimensional movable platform, and using the three-dimensional movable platform to position the core of the solid-core fiber in the focal position of lasers sent out by a femtosecond laser; Step 2; inscribing a first fiber Bragg grating point by point along the axial direction of the fiber within the core of the solid-core fiber by means of the lasers sent out by the femtosecond laser; Step 3: moving the solid-core fiber along the radial direction of fibers to a preset distance by means of the three-dimensional movable platform, and then inscribing a next fiber Bragg grating by the same method; Step 4: repeating the step 3 until the inscription of all the fiber Bragg gratings is finished. 1(3. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that wlien the fiber Bragg grating is inscribed, the transmission spectrum and/or reflection spectrum of the obtained grating shall be monitored by a spectrometer in real time.
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