AU2016422298A1

AU2016422298A1 - Method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems

Info

Publication number: AU2016422298A1
Application number: AU2016422298A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Valeriy Stepanovich Maisotsenko
Original assignee: Aurae Tech Ltd
Current assignee: Aurae Technologies Ltd
Priority date: 2016-09-07
Filing date: 2016-09-07
Publication date: 2019-03-28
Also published as: WO2018046979A1; CN110325733A

Abstract

A method of generating power using atmospheric evaporation driven systems includes passing an atmospheric airflow through a dry channel of a duct, wherein the airflow has been precooled by contacting a dry side of a surface and evaporative liquid wets a wet channel of the duct. The airflow is redirected to generate power through a turbine from the dry channel to the wet channel as a working air for direct contact with the evaporative liquid. The working air becomes humidified with moisture from the evaporative liquid. Indirect heat exchange increases the temperature and the moisture content of the working air in its headway updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation in the wet channel. Subsequently, the heated and moist working air is vent to atmosphere. The working air and/or evaporative liquid, before entering or during its passing through wet channel of a duct, is heated by solar radiation.

Description

METHOD OF GENERATING POWER, COLD, AND DISTILLED WATER USING ATMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION DRIVEN SYSTEMS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The invention generally pertains to atmospheric and solar thermal energy (wind energy) conversion and is particularly directed to the method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems to produce the downdraft air in a dry channel and updraft air in a wet channel. A turbine is positioned at the low elevation within a dry channel and a turbine generator to convert the energy of the flowing air into a useful type of power, cold, and distilled water. What’s more, using of heat of solar radiation and/or exhaust stack gas as well as other forms of heat, increases efficiency of these systems.

BACKGROUND [0002] The atmosphere is composed of air, which, in turn, is made up of tiny particles of different gases like nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. The sun shines on our atmosphere all of the time. But, it heats the surface of the Earth unevenly, so that in some places it is warm while in other places it is cold. As air gets warmer, its particles spread out. This makes the air lighter, or less dense, so it rises. As air-cools, it becomes heavier, or more dense, and sinks. As warm air rises, air from cooler areas flows in to take the place of the heated air. This process is called convection and causes air to move. The differential heating of the Earth's surface and the resulting convection is what causes wind on this planet and it is of major importance in determining the environments for life on land and a clean, inexpensive source of energy for humans. Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of electric power and also the world’s fastest growing energy source. Winds are caused by differential heating of the earth's surface by the sun. The wind is an indirect form of solar energy, and is therefore renewable, that is, the sun that is always replenishing it. But wind energy has serious drawbacks. Wind speeds in any area are variable and therefore, the wind is an intermittent source of electricity. During periods of calm winds, wind turbines cannot generate any electricity. Demand for electricity varies with time of day, and the day of the week, therefore excess capacity is built into every electrical grid. When the wind is

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PCT/IB2016/001553 blowing, electricity from the wind turbines can be used to displace fossil fuel power plants, but when there is no wind, other sources of electricity must make up the difference. Therefore, wind machines cannot operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. A wind turbine, at a typical wind farm, operates 65-80 percent of the time, but usually at less than full capacity, because the wind speed is not at optimum levels. Therefore, its capacity factor is 30-35 percent. Economics also plays a large part in the capacity of wind machines. Winds machines can be built that have much higher capacity factors, but it is not economical to do so. Some researchers have offered to create the “artificial wind” energy systems without the drawbacks mentioned above, using the atmospheric evaporation driven systems. It is well known that hot and dry air, when cooled by water spray, will descend at an enhanced speed. This phenomenon occurs occasionally in nature and has been learned and recorded for a long time. A lot of inventors have attempted to harness the renewable energy in the atmosphere air using straightforward applications of natural forces because the evaporation of water creates strong winds through a vertical duct and can be applied to drive turbines to produce electricity, and to produce fresh water, in areas where electrical power and fresh water are needed.

[0003] All existing patents and technologies are used inside of a vertical duct with a traditional adiabatic evaporative cooling process and its realization produces cool and moist air, which temperature can be cooled (in an ideal case) to the wet bulb. Of course, this cool and moist air has a greater density than the outside warm and dry air, and thus tends to fall toward the ground. But this different density is too small and pressure drop across a turbine (difference pressure between inlet and outlet of a turbine) is also small.

[0004] The main driving force of the power produced by the atmospheric evaporation driven system is extra pressure of the air, which is directed to a turbine, as compared to the lesser amount of pressure of outside air, which comes out of the outlet from a turbine.

[0005] The present invention can be realized in combination with the apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler through the Maisotsenko Cycle. These apparatuses for dew point evaporative cooler are produced by Coolerado Inc. (Denver) and they are commercially available under the trademark “Coolerado Air Conditioner”. The invention is to provide an economical and environmentally safe method for generating power, cold, and distilled water through the Maisotsenko Cycle in conjunction with a tower (“Exergy Tower”).

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0006] The present invention gives possibility to significantly increase the pressure of the air, which is directed to a turbine, and reduce pressure of air, which comes out of the outlet from a turbine. In other words, the present invention gives possibility to significantly increase the different pressure (or density) by producing cool and dry air in a dry channel, in which temperature can be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature, and more warm and moistened air in a wet channel. For this purpose, the present invention uses a duct with two separated dry and wet channels for these two airs flows, for example, of the structural equivalent of two vertical concentric cylinders (torroid), and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between them. When pressure drop increases across a turbine, it consequently increases the deliverable power available through evaporative cooling.

[0007] Besides the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven systems, which realize the disclosed method of generating power, cold, and distilled water, they are cheaper, smaller and more easily produced for different power capacity and placed in different places.

[0008] Thereby, all existing systems are not efficient because the density of downdraft air is small and pressure drop in turbine is also small.

[0009] One embodiment of the invention is to maximize the net deliverable power available through the special regenerative evaporative cooling process using heat simultaneously with either solar radiation, stack gas or other sources of heat.

[0010] Another embodiment of the invention is to get cold for customers and also distilled water in a way, which is more cost effective than all present methods. A further embodiment of the invention is to create the new kind of the natural convection cooling towers, which produce not only cold water (which temperature can be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature instead of the wet bulb temperature for conventional cooling towers), but also power simultaneously.

[0011] High temperature of water helps to increase the efficiency of this atmospheric evaporation driven system producing not only cold water (which temperature can be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature instead of the wet bulb temperature for conventional cooling towers), but also power simultaneously. Besides, it can significantly reduce the consumption of electricity and noise for the proposed natural convection cooling towers, where no fan is required in contrast with the conventional cooling towers, where fan is required.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0012] Yet another embodiment of the invention is to use small amount of materials for the structure of the rising channels in order to arrive at a feasible cost-efficiency of the conversion system.

SUMMARY [0013] The present invention discloses a method of generating power, cold, and distilled water (“Exergy Tower”), using systems of atmospheric and solar thermal energy conversion utilizing atmospheric evaporation driven system to produce the downdraft air in a dry channel and updraft air in a wet channel. These two channels are connected at the bottom of the duct, where a turbine generator is installed, which is used to convert energy of the flowing air into a useful type of power, cold, and distilled water. What’s more, using of heat of solar radiation and/or exhaust stack gas as well as other forms of heat, increases efficiency of these systems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0014] FIG. 1 is perspective view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power of the structural equivalent of two vertical concentric cylinders (torroid) according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0015] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0016] FIG. 2a is the same as FIG. 2, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power contains the separate turbines 4 as for the outside air 7 and as for working air 8 according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and cold air simultaneously according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0018] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and cold water simultaneously according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system, which uses heat of exhaust stack gas for generating power and/or cold simultaneously according to one embodiment of the invention.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0020] FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system with the pressurized inflatable rising duct according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0021] FIG. 6a is the same as FIG. 6, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power contains the surface 15 inside of a wet channel 3, which is wetted instead water by a low boiling point evaporative liquid 5, such as ammonia or waterammonia mix according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0022] FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and distilled water simultaneously according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0023] FIG. 8 is a top view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and distilled water simultaneously according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0024] FIG. 9 is the same as FIG. 4, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and cold water simultaneously contains an expanded assembly of multiple dry 2 and wet 3 channels, which are located in one duct 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0025] FIG. 10 is the same as FIG. 9, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system also contains the water jacket 41 for the heating of water by solar radiation according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0026] FIG. 11 is the same as FIG. 7, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and distilled water simultaneously contains an expanded assembly of multiple dry 2, wet 3 and condensing 34 channels and also a water jacket 41 for the heating of an aqueous salt solution by solar radiation according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0027] FIG. 12 is the same as FIG. 10, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system contains the parted placed solar water heater 45 instead of the water jacket 41 for the heating of water 5 by solar radiation according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0028] FIG. 13 is the same as FIG. 2, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system also contains an absorbent coating of the dry channel 2, such as limewater 46, which pulls out carbon dioxide from outside air 7 (or such as liquid desiccant 46, which pulls out water vapor from outside air 7) according to one embodiment of the invention.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0029] FIG. 14 is the same as FIG. 2, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system also contains an absorbent coating of the exhaust channel 30, such as limewater 46, which pulls out carbon dioxide from the exhaust stack gas 31 according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0030] FIG. 15 is the same as FIG. 13, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system also contains the solar generator 47 for recovering of the weak absorbent 46 after its passing through the dry channel 2 according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0031] FIG. 16 is the atmospheric evaporation driven system for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0032] FIG. 17 is the same as FIG. 16, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings contains the solar generator 47 for recovering of the weak liquid desiccant 46 after its passing through the dry channel 2 according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0033] FIG. 18 is perspective view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power, where is used the special horizontal turbine 55, which also realizes the heat and mass exchange process between the outside air 7 and working air 8 simultaneously according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0034] FIG. 19 is perspective view of the horizontal turbine 55 comprising a disk divided into a series of vanes by axial slots 59. This turbine 55 realizes heat and mass exchange process between the outside air 7 and working air 8 simultaneously. Here: 56regenerative material, 57- inlet sector of a regenerative material 56, 58- exhaust sector of a regenerative material 56, 60- wetted sector of a regenerative material 56, 61sprayer, 5- water according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0035] FIG. 20 is the same as FIG. 18 and 19, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power contains the short dry channel 2 according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0036] FIG. 21 is the same as FIG. 20, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power contains the turbine 4 and also the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger 62 as two separate devices according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0037] FIG. 22 is the same as FIG. 20, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power contains the vertical turbine 55, wherein the wetted sector

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PCT/IB2016/001553 is wetted by water 5 using the liquid tank 65, in which a rotor of the vertical turbine 55 is immersed according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0038] FIG. 23 is view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power, which contains the turbine 4 and also the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 as two separate devices according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0039] FIG. 23a is the same as FIG. 23, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power also produces distilled water for customer and it contains the additional condenser 100 for this purpose according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0040] FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and distilled water 37 simultaneously, wherein are added the vacuum channel 73 with salt water 5, which is adjacent and connected with the condensing channel 74. Besides both these channels 73 and 74 are placed between the dry 2 and wet 3 channels according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0041] FIG. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power, cold and distilled water simultaneously, which is inserted into the earth. This system also is the thermoelectric generator, which is used a geothermal or/and soil heat source for producing the additional electricity and it applies the air within the earth’s atmosphere as the working fluid according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0042] FIG. 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power that is delivered by water directly from a cloud.

[0043] FIG. 27 illustrates the psychrometric view of processes for the disclosed atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power (“Exergy Tower”) and the known Energy Tower and Solar Tower according to one embodiment of the invention.

DETAIFED DESCRIPTION [0044] The system illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2 include: duct 1, for example, the structural equivalent of two vertical concentric cylinders 15 and 17 or vertical torroid, where inside, dry channel 2 (round shape) and outside wet channel 3 (torroid shape) are placed. Also, the dry 2 and wet 3 channels may be created (instead of the two vertical concentric cylinders 15 and 17) by flat plates 15, which are placed inside of duct 1. But there always must be a heat exchange mechanism through surfaces of these plates 15 (or surfaces of the cylinders 15 and 17) between a wet channel 3 and dry channel 2,

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PCT/IB2016/001553 where airflows are passing. The inlet 11 of a dry channel 2 (see FIG. 2) is connected with atmosphere and the outlet 12 with a turbine 4, an exit that is connected with the inlet 13 of a wet channel 3. The outlet 14 of a wet channel 3 is connected with atmosphere. The surface 15 inside of a wet channel 3 is wetted by evaporative liquid 5, for example, water or aqueous salt solution, which is moving along surface 15 from top to bottom as a liquid moving film 16. A turbine 4 and generator 6 are positioned at the low elevation within a dry channel 2. The outside surface 17 of a wet channel 3 is heated by solar radiation (as well as other forms of heat). In this case, it is rational to cover the outside surface 17 by black color coating or using the material 10, which absorbs heat from solar radiation well.

[0045] The operation of the system for generating power is illustrated in FIG. 2 works as follows: Outside air 7 is provided at the inlet 11 of a dry channel 2. This air 7 flows through a dry channel 2, which has heat transfer contact with a wet channel 3, through which passes the working air 8. Accordingly, a wet channel 3 is arranged in heat transfer contact with a dry channel 2 via surface 15, which is limiting the corresponding dry channel 2. The reverse side of surface 15 on the part of a wet channel 3 is wetted with a moving film of evaporative liquid 16 like water or an aqueous salt solution by using other available method. The surface 15 may be made of wick, plastic, metal, desiccants, etc. materials or composition of these materials. It is understood that the term surface is used, but any structure that performs the function of separating a dry channel 2 from wet channel 3 or the working air 8 from a dry channel 2 is suitable. Outside air 7, passing through a dry channel 2, will cool down close to its dew point temperature without changing its moisture content. The cold air 7 then flow downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation through a dry channel 2 because the cool air is heavier. The cold air 7 raises its density and will sink down producing an inverse chimney effect. The cold outside air 7 flows in a dry channel 2 at high rates, powering turbine 4, which is connected to the electricity generator 6, and escapes as the working air 8 to a wet channel 3.

[0046] Because temperature of the cold outside air 7, after its passing at first through the dry channel 2 and next a turbine 4, is always lower than temperature of the atmospheric air, it contains the cooling capacity qo. This cooling capacity qo may be profitable used as a source of the cold for customer. For example, it is rational to use this cold outside air 7 for indirect contact with air for the customer’s air conditioning

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PCT/IB2016/001553 system, cooling this air without consumption energy. Thereby, the present invention gives possibility to generate not only power (electricity), but also as a byproduct the cooling capacity qo, for example, for air conditioning systems.

[0047] After indirect contact, for example, with air for the customer’s air conditioning system, the outside air 7 is heated.

[0048] Thereafter (see FIG. 2), this heated air as the working air 8 is directed to the wet channel 3, where it flows updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation through a wet channel 3. It is in contact with the moist surfacel5, such as wick plastic or capillary-porous material being wetted by evaporative liquid 16, like water or an aqueous salt solution. As the working air 8 passes along a wet channel 3, it is heated, moistened and its density becomes lower than the density of outside air. Thereby, the heated and moistened working air 8 is lighter and will rise within a wet channel 3, producing a chimney effect. In a wet channel 3, the latent heat of evaporation is removed, which results in the cooling of the working air 8 on the wet surface 15 and eventually, owing to heat transfer via the surface 15 giving precooling of outside air 7 in a dry channel 2. Should outside air 7, taken directly from the atmosphere and at first passing through a dry channel 2 via a turbine 4, then by the time its used as the working air 8, passing through a wet channel 3 and contacts the evaporative liquid moving filml6, it will have cooled down to near the dew point temperature of outside air. In so doing, outside air 7, within a dry channel 2, may be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature by the evaporative action in a wet channel 3 taking latent heat from the surface 15 between dry 2 and wet 3 channels. As a matter of fact, this temperature will still be higher due to surface 15 resistances.

[0049] To increase the cooling potential (and vastly increase density of outside air 7 in a dry channel 2 and simultaneously reduce density of the working air 8 in a wet channel 3) the working air 8 may be heated by methods such as solar radiation (as well as other forms of heat) during its passing from the low elevation to the high elevation through a wet channel 3, where it is in contact with the moist surfacel5. Increasing temperature of the working air 8 gives the possibility to increase latent heat capacity, and thus, efficiency of the evaporative cooling process within a wet channel 3. This is due to the latent heat having a larger effect on the enthalpy than sensible heat with a greater effect as the temperature rises. In addition, increasing temperature of the working air 8 gives the possibility to increase its absolute humidity and consequently

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PCT/IB2016/001553 reduce its density. In this case flow rate of the working air 8 increases in a wet channel 3 and consequently, increases the deliverable power available through evaporative cooling.

[0050] Using solar radiation for the heating process of the working air 8, it is expedient to cover the outside surface 17 of a wet channel 3 by black color coating or using material 10, which well absorb heat from solar radiation (see FIG. 2).

[0051] It is efficient to create lower pressure in a wet channel 3 for the working air 8. This yields a double advantage, increasing the evaporation rate, and increasing the heat transfer rate in a dry channel 2, where there is a lower heat transfer rate as compared to a wet channel 3, between outside air 7 and the surface 15. A lower pressure in a wet channel 3 is a lower dew point temperature of the working air 8 and consequently, it increases a density in a dry channel 2 of outside air 7 and its power productivity. That is why, it is rational to use the atmospheric evaporation driven system (for example, the vertical torroid, i. e. “tube-in tube” duct 1) with greatly possible height. More height creates lower pressure of outside air and lower pressure in a wet channel 3 so consequently; it lowers the pressure of air within an outlet of a turbine (or inlet 13 for a wet channel 3). This also significantly increases the pressure drop across turbine 4 and consequently, increases the deliverable power available through the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven systems.

[0052] FIG. 2a is the same as FIG. 2, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power contains the separate turbines 4 as for the outside air 7 and as for working air 8. Sometimes, it is rational to use the separate turbines 4 for the working air 8, when the main driving force inside of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 is pretty high. It depends from parameters (temperature and humidity) of outside air, which create the extra pressure of the air, which is directed to a turbine 4.

[0053] The described atmospheric evaporation driven system (see FIG. 1, 2 and 2a) may work for producing power daytime and in the night. Maximum power productivity happens in the daytime, when a system may use solar radiation to increase temperature of the working air 8 in a wet channel 3. In this case, whole cold and dry outside air 7, after its passing through a dry channel 2, is directed through a turbine 4 and it escapes as the working air 8 to a wet channel 3. At night, (see FIG. 3) when solar radiation is absent, the cold and dry outside air 7, after its passing through a dry channel 2, is directed through a turbine 4 and it escapes as the working air 8 to a wet channel 3. But some part of this cold and dry air 18 is withdrawn and used as source of the cold for the

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PCT/IB2016/001553 customer. Of course in this case, power productivity reduces (because less of the working air 8 is passing through a wet channel 3), but simultaneously, at night, this system produces power and cold. But it is rational for the customer because usually, at night, the consumption of energy is less than in the daytime. Adjusting the ratio of flows 8 and 18 of the cold and dry outside air 7, (see FIG. 3) makes it easy to adjust the amount of the power and cold made simultaneously.

[0054] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and cold water 16 simultaneously. This system is similar to FIG. 2, where whole cold and dries outside air 7, after its passing through a dry channel 2, is directed through a turbine 4 and it escapes as the working air 8 to a wet channel 3. But in this case there is excess evaporative liquid 16 such as water or an aqueous salt solution, which flows down along of surface 15 inside of a wet channel 3. Temperature of this excess water 16, after its passing from top to bottom within of a wet channel 3, may be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature of outside air. This cold water 16 from a bottom is directed for the customer as a source of cold. In case when as water is used a sea or brackish water, a synergistic combination of technologies when adding a desalination system connected to a sea or brackish water 16, after its passing through a wet channel 3 and hereupon its using for customer as a source of cold. In this case, the desalination system utilizes, for example, the reverse osmosis method. To note, this system (see FIG. 4) doesn’t need heat, for example, from solar radiation, because the temperature of the water, which is passing within of a wet channel 3, usually is above of temperature of outside atmosphere air. This happens because before this water rejected the heat from power and/or cooling systems, and after that hot water is directed to the atmospheric evaporation driven system (cooling tower) for cooling. Thereby, using the proposed invention, it is possible to recover heat, which in conventional cooling towers is thrown away to atmosphere uselessly.

[0055] In applications where the atmospheric evaporation driven system is used only for generating power (see FIG. 1 and 2) or generating power and cold air simultaneously (see FIG. 3), does not use excess water 16, flow of water will be just equal to the maximum evaporation occurring during a wet channel 3 phase. Wicking to the entire extent of inside surface 15 of the wet channel 3 would be ideal. In using brackish water or seawater it is expedient to use 10-25% of excess water 16, reducing of the precipitation of solute.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0056] It is economic to use heat of exhaust stack gas for generating power, cold, and distilled water with the use of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven systems.

For this purpose, it is necessary to make some constructive changes in design of a conventional chimney. In this case, it is possible to use the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven systems of generating power (see FIG. 1 and 2) or power and cold air (see FIG. 3), or cold water (see FIG. 4) simultaneously without any changes, if absolute humidity of the exhaust stack gas is less or equal of absolute humidity of outside air. For this, the hot exhaust stack gas is directed to a wet channel 3 for direct contact with the working air 8, increasing its temperature and moisture (reducing density) during its passing through a wet channel 3.

[0057] If absolute humidity of the exhaust stack gas 31 is more than the absolute humidity of outside air 7, it is necessary to realize indirect contact (see FIG. 5) between the exhaust stack gas 31 and working air 8 during its passing through a wet channel 3. For this purpose (see FIG. 5), we added a third vertical concentric cylinder 32 to the wet channel 3 of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 with two vertical concentric cylinders 15 and 17. It gives possibility to create the new exhaust channel 30 with the already known dry 2 and wet 3 channels, where the hot exhaust stack gas 31 is directed for indirect contact via surface of a concentric cylinder 32 with the working air 8, increasing its temperature and moisture (reducing density) during its passing through a wet channel 3. Also, when dry 2 and wet 3 channels are created by placing inside a duct 1 of the flat plates 15, it may be used by flat plates 32 instead of a third vertical concentric cylinder 32. But there always must be a heat exchange mechanism through surfaces of these plates 15 and 32 (or surfaces of the cylinders 15, 17 and 32) between a dry 2, wet 3 and exhaust 30 channels, where flows are passing.

[0058] It's important to note, the natural convection cooling towers are also the atmospheric evaporation driven systems. Today, they are broadly used, especially for large heat duties. The natural convection cooling towers use the principle of convective flow to provide air circulation. No fan is required. As the air inside the tower is heated by hot water, it rises through the tower. This process draws more air in, creating a natural airflow to provide evaporative cooling of the hot water after its rejection heat from power and/or cooling systems. The tower shell is usually constructed in reinforced concrete, and may be as high as 200 m. Efficiency of these natural cooling towers is small and their product is only the cold water, in which temperature may be cooled in an ideal case to the wet bulb. Using the present invention, it is possible to create the

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PCT/IB2016/001553 advanced natural convection cooling towers, which may produce the cold water (which temperature may be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature) and power simultaneously. For this purpose, it is necessary to organize within the tower shell (duct) the vertical dry 2 and wet 3 channels, which are connected at the bottom, and are placed by the turbine 4 (see FIG. 4). Besides, these advanced natural convectioncooling towers have greater capacity because they realize the more efficient natural convection evaporative cooling process using the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system (see FIG. 4). Thereby, the present invention discloses a new method of generating power and cold water, using atmospheric evaporation driven systems as a cooling towers. It gives possibility to create the absolutely new kind of the advanced cooling towers. Using these advanced cooling towers it is possible to get more cold water (dew point temperature compare with wet bulb temperature) and power simultaneously. In additional, in many cases (for example, for dry and hot climate zones) it is possible to use the natural convection cooling towers instead of the fan cooling towers. It may significantly reduce the consumption electricity required for the working of a fan.

[0059] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven systems may be made out of reinforced concrete, steel, aluminum, composites, or other materials well known in the art. Choice of the material depends on height of the atmospheric evaporation driven system. Similarly, there may be different geometries and materials of the space frame for a dry 2 and wet 3 channels. However, it’s important to note that the modern technologies (for example, by RUPP Industries, Inc.) created today of the new plastic films, which are used successfully for the ducts in heating, cooling and ventilating applications. These ducts are cheap, durable, lightweight, and inflatable and made of the flame-retardant special plastic materials. It is rational to use these ducts for the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven systems, especially for small height of these systems.

[0060] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven systems, which realize the disclosed method of generating power, cold, and distilled water, gives the unique possibility to utilize the cheap and pressurized inflatable rising ducts instead of the expensive, very large height and cross sectional area existing atmospheric thermal energy conversion systems. The traditional material needed for such gigantic systems

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PCT/IB2016/001553 has been so large that cost thereof has been prohibitive because of the resulting low cost-efficiency of the previously proposed conversion systems.

[0061] The present invention gives the possibility to use only a small amount of materials for the structure of the rising ducts in order to arrive at a feasible costefficiency of this atmospheric evaporation driven systems. Also, it is possible to construct a means of holding up and supporting the structure of the rising torroid duct 1 for a dry 2 and wet 3 channels, when only the small amount of material for the structure is used. In this case, it is easy to clothe this material of the outside surface 17 of a wet channel 3(for example, plastic film) by black color coating or using for the substance 10, which absorbs heat well from solar radiation.

[0062] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system uses two structurally linked concentric cylinders 15 and 17 as the rising torroid duct 1 for a dry 2 and wet 3 channels (see FIG. 1). It results in superior structural performance to weight under static and dynamic conditions compared to a single cylinder. These two concentric cylinders 15 and 17 provide a more solid structural foundation, which increases the structural height of channels 2 and 3 and resists various modes of deformation. Under a prevailing outside wind, which has substantially horizontal components, a cylindrical structure tends to deform into an oval shape. The wind may also cause a cylindrical structure to buckle and deform under torsional bending. The two structurally linked concentric cylinders 15 and 17 as the rising torroid duct 1 for a dry 2 and wet 3 channels, however, resist ovalling, bucking, torsional bending and other modes of deformation better than a single cylinder for the same material weight. It is especially important for the atmospheric evaporation driven system with the pressurized inflatable rising duct 1 for a dry 2 and wet 3 channels.

[0063] The structurally linked, thin-walled, inflatable rising torroid duct 1 (see FIG.

6) is pressurized from the inside of a wet channel 3 because the heated and moistened working air 8 in a wet channel 3 has density which is lower than the density of outside air at the same elevation. The low density of the working air 8 in a wet channel 3 causes a high pressure in a wet channel 3 in relation to outside pressure to external surface 17 of a wet channel 3 to thereby inflate and support the thin-walled, inflatable rising torroid duett inside of a wet channel 3. The structurally linked, thin-walled, inflatable rising torroid duct 1 is pressurized from inside of a dry channel 2 because the cold and dry outside air 7 in a dry channel 2 has density which is higher than the density of the heated and moistened working air 8 in a wet channel 3 at the same elevation to thereby

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PCT/IB2016/001553 inflate and support the thin-walled, inflatable rising torroid duct 1 inside of a dry channel 2. The atmospheric evaporation driven system illustrated in FIG. 6 also may include a balloon 19 and connecting cables 20. They are used to hold up and support the pressurized inflatable rising duct 1 with a dry 2 and wet 3 channels at the high elevation. Usually, a balloon 19 encloses low density gas such as hydrogen, but in the present invention also may be used the heated and moistened working air 8, after its passing through a wet channel 3, density which is lower than the density of outside air. In this case, it is efficient to use a balloon 19 with double walls (outside wall 21 and inside wall 22) for creation of space between them for a condensing space 23. The surface of an outside wall 21 of a balloon 19 has a heat exchange mechanism with outside atmosphere air, in which temperature is always less than temperature inside of a balloon 19. Surface of an outside wall 21 is covered by white color or is made from the special reflected material to reduce of absorption of heat from solar radiation.

[0064] In some cases, a balloon 19 may be made into a bagel’s shape. Here, outside 21 and inside 22 walls of this balloon’s bagel, create a condensing space 23 that has a heat exchange mechanism with outside atmosphere air.

[0065] The top of a condensing space 23 of a balloon 19 is connected via an inlet 24 with the outlet 14 of a wet channel 3 of the inflatable rising torroid duct 1 by a conduit. A condensing space 23 of a balloon 19 also contains exits 25 for the working air 8 and a sink 26 for distilled water.

[0066] The heated and moistened working air 8, after its passing through a wet channel 3, flows within conduit via the outlet 14 and inlet 24 to a top of a condensing space 23 a balloon 19 (see FIG. 6). Here the working air 8 is cooled by heat transfer to the atmospheric air by convection, conduction and radiation via surface of an outside wall 21 (and inside wall 22 if balloon has the bagel’s shape), due to that, moisture is condensed from the working air 8 inside of a condensing space 23 in the form of distilled water 27. This distilled water 27 is directed via a sink 26 down within a vertical tube 28 through a water turbine 29 for the customer. The vertical falling flow of distilled water 27 drives the water turbine 29 to produce electricity, which may be used for different purpose, such for a pump, which transports water from bottom to top for the purpose of wetting the wet channels 3 of the duct 1.

[0067] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system with the inflatable rising torroid duct 1 may be placed without using a balloon 19. In some cases, it may be attached to the side of a mountain with its upper end at a high elevation on the mountain

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PCT/IB2016/001553 and its lower end at a low elevation at the foot of the mountain. Also, the inflatable rising torroid duct 1 may be attached to the side of any kind of buildings or towers. In this case, the described atmospheric evaporation driven system may produce only power and it works on scheme shown on Fig.l and 2.

[0068] For the high atmospheric evaporation driven systems of generating power or those, which are used a balloon 19 (see FIG. 6), it is sometimes advantages to apply instead of water of a low boiling point evaporative liquid 5, such as ammonia or waterammo nia mix, for wetting of the wet channel 3. This system is shown on FIG. 6a. Ammonia has a low boiling point temperature (- 33° C) as compared to the water (100 ° C). High-pressure ammonia gas if expanded down to atmospheric pressure would provide a very low-density gas. Thereby when liquid ammonia 16 is evaporated in the wet channel 3 into the working air 8, this air-ammo nia mix has low density than airwater mix, because much more ammonia may evaporate to the working air 8 compare than water. The liquid ammonia 16 is allowed to evaporate into the working air 8 in the wet channel 3 using heat from outside air flow 7, which is passing through the dry channel 2. Thereafter outside air flow 7 reduces its temperature less than the dew point temperature and its density increases as compared with the atmospheric evaporation driven system, where is used water for wetting of the wet channel 3. As a result this, using a low boiling point evaporative liquid 5, such as ammonia, it is possible to reduce density of the working air 8 in the wet channel 3 and simultaneously to increase density of outside air flow 7 in the dry channel 2. Thereby there is increasing difference of densities between airflows 7 and 8 and it generates more power by the air turbine 4.

[0069] The atmospheric evaporation driven system illustrated in FIG. 6a also may include a balloon 19 and connecting cables 20 (the same like in FIG. 6). They are used to hold up and support the pressurized inflatable rising duct 1 with a dry 2 and wet 3 channels at the high elevation, where temperature of outside air is enough low to condense of vapor of ammonia from the working air 8.

[0070] The air-ammonia mixes as the working air 8, after its passing through a wet channel 3, flows within conduit via the outlet 14 and inlet 24 to a top of a condensing space 23 a balloon 19. Here the working air 8 is cooled by heat transfer to the atmospheric air by convection, conduction and radiation via surface of an outside wall 21, due to that, vapor of ammonia is condensed from the working air 8 inside of a

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PCT/IB2016/001553 condensing space 23 in the form of the liquid ammonia 27. This liquid ammonia 27 as an evaporative liquid 5 is directed via a sink 26 down to the wet channels 3.

[0071] The vertical falling flow of evaporative liquid 5 is moving along surface 15 from top to bottom, as the liquid ammonia moving film 16, for the purpose of wetting the wet channels 3 of the duct 1.

[0072] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system with the low boiling evaporative liquid 5 may be placed without using a balloon 19. In some cases, it may be attached to the side of a mountain with its upper end at a high elevation on the mountain and its lower end at a low elevation at the foot of the mountain. Also, it may be the tall tower, which height is enough to condense of vapor of the low boiling point evaporative liquid 5.

[0073] At high altitude, having low ambient temperature and pressure, it may be desirable to realize less temperature evaporating process for the low boiling evaporative liquid 5 and to provide minimum density (maximum lift) for the working air 8 inside of the wet channels 3. Thereby it gives possibility to increase of difference of densities between airflows 7 and 8 and it generates more power by the air turbine 4. Having low temperature and vacuum at high altitude is far easier to use of the low boiling evaporative liquid 5 with the less boiling temperature for the wet channel 3 as an evaporative liquid instead water. It gives possibility to generate of the additional power.

[0074] But FIG. 7 and 8 are schematic cross-sectional and top views of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and distilled water simultaneously.

[0075] This system (FIG. 7 and 8) contains the third vertical concentric cylinder 32 inside the wet channel 3 of a duct 1 with already known two vertical concentric cylinders 15 and 17. It gives possibility to create the condensing channel 34 with the already known dry 2 and wet 3 channels, where the condensing air 35 (part of the working air 8) is directed for indirect contact via surface of a concentric cylinder 32 with the working air 8, during its passing through a wet channel 3. Also it is possible to use the vertical plates 15, 32 and 17 instead of the vertical concentric cylinders 15, 32 and 17 for making the heat exchange surfaces 15, 32 and 17 between a dry 2, wet 3 and condensing 34 channels (see FIG. 7).

[0076] Always a wet channel 3 is arranged between the dry 2 and condensing 34 channels, and it has a heat exchange relation with latter via wetted within of a wet

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PCT/IB2016/001553 channels 3 surfaces 15 and 32. Surface 15 has the dry side (on the part of a dry channel 2) and its reverse side is wet wall (on the part of a wet channel 3). Another surface 32 has the dry side (on the part of a condensing channel 34) and its reverse side is wet wall (on the part of a wet channel 3). The reverse wet walls of these surfaces 15 and 32 are wetted by sea or brackish water 5 using any prior art method, e.g., coating these plates with wetting capillary porous material.

[0077] Thereby the wet walls of surfaces 15 and 32 create a wet channel 3 and their dry sides create a dry 2 and condensing 34 channels of the atmospheric evaporation driven system for generating power and distilled water simultaneously.

[0078] The operation of the system for generating power and distilled water simultaneously is illustrated in FIG. 7 and 8, it works as follows: Outside air 7 is provided at the inlet 11 of the dry channel 2. This air 7 flows through a dry channel 2, which has heat transfer contact with a wet channel 3, through which passes the working air 8. Accordingly, a wet channel 3 is arranged in heat transfer contact with a dry channel 2 via surface 15, which is limiting the corresponding dry channel 2. The reverse side of surface 15, on the part of a wet channel 3, is wetted with a moving film of evaporative liquid 16 like sea or brackish water. Outside air 7, passing through a dry channel 2, will cool down close to its dew point temperature without changing moisture content. The cold air 7 then flow downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation through a dry channel 2 because the cool air is heavier. The cold air 7 raises its density and will sink down producing an inverse chimney effect. The cold outside air 7 flows in a dry channel 2 at high rates, powering turbine 4, which is connected to the electricity generator 6, and escapes as the working air 8 to a wet channel 3. Thereafter, the working air 8 flows updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation through a wet channel 3. It is in contact with the moist surfacel5, which being wetted by sea or brackish water 5 with a moving liquid film 16.

[0079] Simultaneously the working air 8 is in contact with the moist surface 32, which also being wetted by sea or brackish water 5 with a moving liquid film 16.

[0080] As the working air 8 passes along a wet channel 3 (FIG. 7) it is heated, moistened and its density is lower than the density of outside air. Thereby, the heated and moistened working air 8 is lighter and will rise within a wet channel 3, producing a chimney effect. After passing through a wet channel 3, some part of the working air 8 is thrown into the atmosphere and another part as the condensing air 35 is directed to a

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PCT/IB2016/001553 condensing channel 34. In a wet channel 3, the latent heat of evaporation is removed, which results in the cooling of the working air 8 on the wet surfaces 15 and 32 and eventually, owing to heat transfer via the surface 15 giving the precooling of outside air 7 in a dry channel 2 and also via the surface 32 giving cooling and condensing of the condensing air 35 in a condensing channel 34.

[0081] Should outside air 7, taken directly from the atmosphere and at first passing through a dry channel 2 via a turbine 4, then by the time be used as the working air 8, passing through a wet channel 3 and contacts the moisture 16, it will have cooled down to near the dew point temperature of outside air. In so doing, outside air 7, within a dry channel 2, may be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature by the evaporative action in a wet channel 3 taking latent heat from the surface 15 between dry and wet 3 channels. Also, the heated and moistened condensing air 35, within a condensing channel 34, may be cooled and condensed by the evaporative action in a wet channel 3, taking latent heat from the surface 32 between a condensing 34 and wet channels. Because the condensing air 35 is being in heat exchange relation with the above-identified wet channel 3, due to that moisture it is condensed from airflow 35 in a condensing channel 34 in the form of distilled water 37, which is selected for customer.

[0082] Temperature of a working air 8 within a wet channel 3 is always sufficiently lower in temperature to guarantee condensation of water vapor from the heated and moistened condensing air 35, which is passing through a condensing channel 34. The indirect heat transfer between the condensing air 35 and working air 8 via surface 32 tends to cause the water vapor to condense in the form of distilled water 37.

[0083] Herewith, the condensing air 35 reduces its moisture content within a condensing channel 34. The cold and dry condensing air 35-flow downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation through a condensing channel 34 because the cool and dry air is heavier. It raises its density and will sink down producing an inverse chimney effect. This condensing air 35 flows in a condensing channel 34 at high rates, powering turbine 36, which is connected to the electricity generator, and escapes to atmosphere. But the condensing air 35 and the distilled water 37, after their passing through a condensing channel 34 from top to bottom, may also be used for additional cooling applications, as their temperatures will be below the temperature of the outside air.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0084] Also it is possible (see FIG. 7) to use the vertical falling flow of distilled water 37 from a condensing channel 34 for driving the water turbine to produce additional electricity, which may be used for different purpose.

[0085] To note, the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven systems, which realizes the disclosed method of generating power, cold, and distilled water, may have more than one set of the connected dry, wet and condensing channels. As a result, this increases the heat exchange surface between moving airflows, which are passing through the dry, wet and condensing channels. It always brings about the increase of efficiency of these systems. Using the vertical concentric cylinders or flat plates, or other geometric forms may create the heat exchange surface for channels between moving airflows.

[0086] For example, FIG. 9 (the same like FIG. 4) illustrates the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and cold water simultaneously, but it contains an expanded assembly of multiple connected dry 2 and wet 3 channels, which are located in one duct 1. Besides these dry 2 and wet 3 channels always have a heat exchange mechanism between themselves.

[0087] But in any event entire cold and dry outside air 7, after its passing through plenty dry channels 2, is directed through a turbine 4, powering turbine 4, and it escapes as the working air 8 to plenty wet channels 3.

[0088] This system (see FIG. 9) may be successfully used as the natural convection cooling towers, where hot water 5 from power and/or cooling systems is directed to wet channels 3 as an evaporative liquid 16. High temperature of water 58 helps to increase the efficiency of this atmospheric evaporation driven system producing not only cold water (which temperature may be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature instead of the wet bulb temperature for conventional cooling towers), but also power simultaneously. Besides, it may significantly reduce the consumption of electricity and noise for the proposed natural convection cooling towers, where no fan is required in contrast with the conventional cooling towers, where fan is required.

[0089] FIG. 10 is the same like FIG. 9, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and cold water simultaneously also contains the water jacket 41 for heating the water by solar radiation. This system, which contains an expanded assembly of multiple dry 2 and wet 3 channels, may be successfully used

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PCT/IB2016/001553 without the presence of exhaust hot water from power and/or cooling systems. Any kind of water 5, (may be sea or brackish water or liquid desiccant and etc.) at temperature of surrounding ambiences, is transported by a pump 39 through a tube 40 to the bottom of a water jacket 41 of a duct 1. A water jacket 41 is a pretty narrow water flood space; its surface covers the outside surface of a duct 1. The outside surface of a water jacket 41 is big enough that it is capable actively to absorb a lot of the heat from solar radiation.

[0090] It is expedient to cover the outside surface of a water jacket 41 by black color coating or using material, which may absorb heat well from solar radiation. Water 5 is heated inside of a water jacket 41 by solar radiation, and it is here that the natural convection water moving process occurs; as a result, the most warming layers of water 5 move upstairs into the water jacket 41. Here, hot water 5 is distributed from the water jacket 41 through a water distributor 42 to tops of wet channels 3, which are wetted by hot moving water film 16 from top to bottom.

[0091] It is important to emphasize, the water flood jacket 41 may absorb enormous amounts of heat by solar radiation during sunny days. This heat is enough for longlasting and efficient work of the atmospheric evaporation driven system in the night as well as at dull days.

[0092] FIG. 11 (the same like FIG. 7) illustrates the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and distilled water simultaneously, but it contains an expanded assembly of multiple connected dry 2, wet 3 and condensing 34 channels, which are located in one duct 1.

[0093] Usually, any real system, which realizes the disclosed method of generating power, cold, and distilled water, contains more than one set of dry 2, wet 3 and condensing 34 channels (as is shown on FIG. 7). But in any event, each wet channel 3 must be located between the dry 2 and condensing 34 channels, and there always must be a heat exchange mechanism between a wet channel 3 and dry channel 2 and also between wet channel 3 and condensing channel 34.

[0094] Accordingly entire cold and dry outside air 7, after its passing through plenty dry channels 2, is directed through a turbine 4, powering turbine 4, and it escapes as the working air 8 to plenty wet channels 3, and then it is directed as the condensing air 35 to plenty condensing channel 34.

[0095] Besides, the part of the working air 8, after its passing through wet channels 3, is selected and thrown to atmosphere.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0096] Follows to note that the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system may contain the parted placed solar water heater 45 instead of the water jacket 41 for the heating of water 5 by solar radiation (see FIG. 12). Here a pump 39 directs water 5 through the solar water heater 45, which is capable actively to absorb a lot of the heat from solar radiation. After passing through the solar water heater 45, the hot water 5 is directed through a pipe 40 and it is distributed to tops of wet channels 3, which are wetted by hot moving water film 16 from top to bottom of the duct 1.

[0097] Also it is possible to use solar radiation for the parted placed solar water heater 45 and water jacket 41 simultaneously.

[0098] International concerns over global warming are increasingly focused on the role of atmospheric greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and its role as a greenhouse gas are resulting in various national and international efforts to either reduce the overall emissions of carbon dioxide or sequester such emissions for isolation and disposal into carbon dioxide disposal sinks other than the atmosphere. These require technologies for capturing CO2, either at the point of production or subsequently from the air. Some of these technologies are ready today. For example, capturing CO2 emissions from air could be accomplished by letting wind carry air over an absorber that pulls out CO2. This could be achieved through a variety of methods, including blowing air over limewater, which will remove the air’s carbon dioxide and produce limestone. The lime captures waste CO2 from air and generates heat. The scheme, hatched by Columbia University physicist Klaus Lackner, would remove carbon dioxide directly from the air- and store it in rocks or under the earth. Global Research Technologies, Tucson, Arizona, the company set up to undertake the project to build the first prototype unit capable of cleaning the wind CO2, the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. One option is a Venetian-blind system, in which the slots in the blind would allow an absorbent to flow through the structure, continuously collecting CO2, as the wind passes through it. Another possible system would use a wetted mat of loosely squeezed glass fibers, similar to those in automobile filters. The liquid flowing over the fibers would capture CO2.

[0099] But this prior art designs have the following disadvantages:

[0100] The known systems, which realize this process for capturing CO2 from air, spend much energy for transportation of the air.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0101] The known systems have to have organization for rejecting heat of absorption after capturing CO2 from air by limewater.

[0102] Using the known methods and designs, it is impossible to realize efficiently and economically of capturing CO2 from air and simultaneously to generate power, cold, and distilled water.

[0103] The present invention discloses a method of generating power, cold, and distilled water and also simultaneously it gives unique possibility to capture CO2 from air or gases without additional expenses. The present invention it is the wind -powered machine, which able to remove a lot of carbon dioxide from outside air 7 or stack gas 31 or both.

[0104] For this purpose it is necessary to add a concentrated absorbent, which captures CO2 from outside air 7, in the dry channel 2 of the duct 1.

[0105] FIG. 13 is the same as FIG. 2, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 also contains an absorbent 46 coating of the dry channel 2, such as limewater 46, which pulls out carbon dioxide from outside air 7. In additional the heat of absorption, which transports from the dry channel 2 via the surface 15 to the wet channel 3, helps to increase cooling capacity in the wet channel 3. Herewith, this action increases heat and mass performance as in the dry channel 2, as well in the wet channel 3.

[0106] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 may contain an absorbent 46 coating of the dry channel 2, such as liquid desiccant 46, which pulls out water vapor from outside air 7 (see FIG. 13). Drying the outside air 7 could be with liquid desiccant such as lithium chloride, bromide, calcium chloride, glycol, triethylene glycol etc. This allows cooling below the dew point temperature of outside air 7 when combined with desiccant 46 in the dry channel 2, because it reduces the moisture content of outside air 7 and thus increases the latent heat potential capacity.

[0107] This has direct effect of lowering the humidity in the outside air 7 allowing for lower temperature (higher density) and added cooling capacity. The liquid desiccant 46 on the surface 15 in the dry channel 2 absorbs water vapor from outside air 7 and transmits heat through the surface 15 to the evaporative liquid moving filml6 such as water of the wet channel 3 evaporating into the working air 8. The continual cooling of the liquid desiccant 46 in the dry channel 2 increases the outside air 7 drying capabilities.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0108] Thereby using liquid desiccant 46, it gives possibility to significantly increase the different pressure (or density) by producing colder and dryer outside air 7 in a dry channel 2, in which temperature may be cooled less than the dew point temperature. In addition, any absorbent 46 (limewater or desiccant) is directed for recovering, after its passing along the dry channel 2.

[0109] The present invention gives possibility to capture CO2 not only from outside air 7 but also from stack gas 31. FIG. 14 is the same as FIG. 5, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system also contains an absorbent 46 coating of the exhaust channel 30, such as limewater 46, which pulls out carbon dioxide from the exhaust stack gas 31.

[0110] In this case it is possible to use limewater 46 for the dry channel 2 too, capturing CO2 not only from stack gas 31 but also from outside air 7 simultaneously, if it is necessary.

[0111] Also it is possible to use liquid desiccant 46 for the dry channel 2 and limewater 46 for the exhaust channel 30. In this case it is possible to realize two useful processes simultaneously: capturing CO2 from stack gas 31 and lowering the humidity in the outside air 7.

[0112] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 with liquid desiccant 46, which pulls out water vapor from outside air 7, needs to recovery this weak desiccant 46 after its passing through the dry channel. It is rational to use for this purpose the solar generator 47 (see FIG. 15), which design is the same as the proposed evaporation driven system 1, and where instead water 5 as an evaporative liquid 5 in the wet channel 49 is used liquid desiccant 46.

[0113] This solar generator 47 contains the dry 48 and wet 49 channels. Here there is the clear wall 52 for access of solar radiation as heat source. This clear wall 52 is one side of the wet channel 49 and another side is heat exchange surface 53 between the wet 49 and dry 48 channels.

[0114] Here (see FIG. 15) the weak liquid desiccant 46 is selected from a bottom of the dry channels [0115] 2 of the evaporation driven system 1 and it is directed to the wet channel 49 of the solar generator 47 for wetting its heat exchange surface 53. Simultaneously outside air 50 is directed by a fan 51 at first to the dry 48 and next wet 49 channels of the solar generator 47. In so doing, outside air 50, within a dry channel 48, may be cooled in an

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PCT/IB2016/001553 ideal case to the dew point temperature by the evaporative action in a wet channel 49 taking latent heat from the heat exchange surface 53 between the dry 48 and wet 49 channels.

[0116] Heat source as solar radiation (see FIG. 15) comes through the clear wall 52 and increases temperature of the weak liquid desiccant 46. It helps to evaporate water from this desiccant 46, which becomes by the strong solution. Also solar radiation increases temperature of outside air 50, thereby it may absorb more vapor of water from liquid desiccant 46 during them passing through the wet 49 channel of the solar generator 47. Simultaneously the weak liquid desiccant 46, passing through the wet channel 49, is reduced its temperature by evaporative cooling process. After the solar generator 47 the cold and strong liquid desiccant 46 with high concentration is returned to the top of the dry channel 2 of the evaporation driven system 1. After passing at first through the dry 48 and next wet 49 channels of the solar generator 47, the hot and moisture outside air 50 with small density may be directed as a part of the working air via an adjustable valve 54 to the bottom of the wet channels 3 of the evaporation driven system 1 or it may be thrown to atmosphere.

[0117] Outside air 50 may be directed to the dry 48 and wet 49 channels by a fan 51. Also it is possible to realize the same atmospheric evaporation driven process, which was described before for system 1, to produce the downdraft air in the dry channel 48 and updraft air in the wet channel 49 of the solar generator 47 without using fan. Thereby using solar radiation it is possible to increase of production power by the evaporation driven system 1 and also intensify this process realizing of the solar generator 47 for recovering of the weak liquid desiccant 46.

[0118] It is important to emphasize, that the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system is a good configuration to implement natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings where solar energy is available or not.

[0119] FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 for natural air conditioning and ventilation in a building 49. The cold and dry outside air 7, after its passing through a dry channel 2, is directed as the working air 8 to a wet channel 3. But some part of this air as the cold and dry air 18 is withdrawn and used for inducing through the inlet channel 50 into the room space 49. The inlet channel 50 has connection with a dry channel 2 of the atmospheric evaporation driven system l.The incoming cold and dry air 18 always has more density

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PCT/IB2016/001553 than indoor air and it is reason that it is incoming into the room space 49 by natural ventilation.

[0120] The room space 49 (see FIG. 16) also has the outlet channel 51, which is connected with the wet channel 3 of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1, where the hot and moisture working air 8 is passing through. This working air 8 always has less density than indoor air, and it is reason that some part of this indoor air as airflow 52 it is incoming from the room space 49 to the wet channel 3 by natural ventilation.

[0121] Using solar radiation for the wet channel 3, it helps for improving natural air conditioning and ventilation for the room space 49 by reducing density of the working air 8 and increasing cooling capacity in the wet channel 3.

[0122] Thereby using the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system 1, it is possible to realize both cooling and ventilation natural processes with the help of solar energy.

[0123] The present atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 gives possibility to produce the cool and dry air 18, which temperature may be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature of outside air. This dew point temperature will be pretty high for hot and moisture climate zones. In this case for reducing of the dew point temperature, it rational to use of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings with desiccant, for example with liquid desiccant 46 as it is shown on FIG. 13. This liquid desiccant 46 pulls out water vapor from outside air 7 during its passing through the dry channel 2. It gives possibility to reduce humidity of outside air 7 and its dew point temperature. Thereby these systems may be used for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings in any climate zones.

[0124] It is efficient to use for these systems (especially for hot and moisture climate zones where there are a lot of solar energy) the solar generator 47 for recovering of the weak liquid desiccant 46 after its passing through the dry channel 2 as it is shown on FIG. 15.

[0125] FIG. 17 illustrates such atmospheric evaporation driven system lfor natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings, which contains the solar generator 47 for recovering of the weak liquid desiccant 46 after its passing through the dry channel 2 of

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PCT/IB2016/001553 the atmospheric evaporation driven system. It is the same solar generator 47, which was shown and described on FIG. 15.

[0126] Using solar radiation for the solar generator 47, it gives possibility to realize not only the efficient and cheap recovering process for liquid desiccant 46 but also to increase efficiency of dehumidifying process for outside air 7 in the dry channel 2. It is so because we got after the solar generator 47 not only strong but also the cold liquid desiccant 46, which is directed to the top of the dry channel 2 of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1.

[0127] Thereby the present invention gives possibility to create a reasonable indoor environment as an energy efficient and environmentally friendly option.

[0128] If difference of densities between the outside air 7, during its passing through the dry channel 2, and working air 8, during its passing through the wet channel 3, is enough great, it is rational to install of the turbine 4 at the bottom of the duct 1, where these two channels are connected (see FIG. 16 and 17). This turbine is used to convert energy of the flowing air into a useful type of power.

[0129] The same systems as they are shown on FIG. 16 and 17 may be used to provide ventilation in coal mining. There are many disused coalmines that have two main points of access at different levels. One could be used for access of the cold and dry air 18 and used for inducing through the access into the combustion of coal seams. The higher level could be used for exit of combustion gases as hot air flow 52. This hot combustion gases may be used to drive a turbine to produce electricity.

[0130] Follows to note, that sometimes it is difficult to use and maintain of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1, wherein there are a lot of the dry 2 and wet 3 channels in a duct, which has a greater height. In this case, it is rational to use the special turbine 55, which is also the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger too. This turbine 55 may realize the same heat and mass exchange processes between the outside air 7 and working air 8, that are realized in above described systems (see FIG. 1-17), where are used the dry 2 and wet 3 channels, which are allocated along height of a duct 1. But using the turbine 55, it is much easier to apply and maintain of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1.

[0131] FIG. 18 is perspective view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 of generating power, where is used the turbine 55, which also realizes the heat and mass exchange process between the outside air 7 and working air 8 simultaneously.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0132] FIG. 19 is perspective view of the turbine 55 comprising a disk divided into a series of vanes by axial slots 59. Here: 56- regenerative material, 57- inlet sector of a regenerative material 56, 58- exhaust sector of a regenerative material 56, 60- wetted sector of a regenerative material 56, 61- sprayer, 5- water.

[0133] The turbine 55 (see FIG. 19) contains a series of vanes by axial slots 59 and the regenerative material 56 (heat absorbing and rejecting material). It has to be an air (or gas) permeable evaporative-liquid-holding material, which is divided into two sectors 57 and 58. The inlet sector 57 is intended for passage of the outside air 7 and the exhaust sector 58 for passage of the working air 8, after its passing through the inlet sector 57. The exhaust sector 58 contains the wetted sector 60, which is wetted by water 5 via a water sprayer 61. Continuous operation is permitted by rotating the regenerative material 56 cyclically from the outside air 7 stream to the working air stream 8, after its passing through the inlet sector 57. In this case the inlet sector 57 becomes the exhaust sector 58 and conversely. Follows to note, the outside air 7 and working air 8 are segregated so they are kept separate one from other.

[0134] Referring to FIG.19, the outside air 7, after its passing through the dry channel 2 of a duct 1, flows through the inlet sector 57 of a regenerative material 56 of the turbine 55. Here the outside air 7, after its contact with the cold regenerative material 56, is cooled close its the dew point temperature without changing its moisture content. The cold outside air 7 raises its density and will sink down producing an inverse chimney effect. The cold and dry outside air 7 flows through a series of vanes by axial slots 59 at high rates, powering turbine 55, which is connected to the electricity generator 6. It turns a regenerative material 56 and increases its temperature close the temperature of the incoming outside air 7.

[0135] After the consequent process of precooling of the outside air 7, during its passing through the inlet sector 57, (see FIG.19) it is turned on 180°, and it flows as the working air 8 to the exhaust sector 58 of a regenerative material 56 of the turbine 55 for direct contact with a wetted surface of the wetted sector 60. The wetted sector 60 is formed by 10%-85 % of square, and the wetted sector 60 is wetted by evaporative liquid, for example water 5, using the liquid nozzle or sprayer 61.

[0136] The amount of water 5 sprayed on the wetted sector 60 for cooling purpose in only the amount that may be effectively evaporated so as assure that the wetted sector 60 is dry upon entering to the inlet sector 57 for contact with the incoming outside air 7.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0137] It is efficient to increase temperature of water 5 using different kind of heat, for example, heating the water by solar radiation, using the solar generator 47 as it is shown on FIG. 15 and 17.

[0138] After contact with the outside air 7 in the inlet sector 57, a turbine 55 turns, and regenerative material 56 transfers heat, this was absorbed from the outside air 7, and from the inlet sector 57 to the exhaust sector 58, which contains the wetted sector 60. During its passing through the heated wetted sector 60, the cold working air 8 is heated, moistened and after it is directed to the wet channel 3 of a duct 1. After direct contact of the working air 8 with a wetted surface of the wetted sector 60 of the regenerative material 56 (see FIG.19), the moisture evaporates from this surface to the working air 8. In this case latent heat of evaporation is removed, which results in the cooling of the exhaust sector 58 of a regenerative material 56. After contact with the wetted sector 60, the working air 8 is heated and moistened and its density becomes lower than the density of outside air 7. Thereby, the heated and moistened working air 8 is lighter and it flows updraft through a series of vanes by axial slots 59 at high rates, powering turbine 55. Thereafter the working air 8 flows from the low elevation to the high elevation and will rise within a wet channel 3 of a duct 1, producing a chimney effect.

[0139] After turning of the turbine 55 (see FIG.19), the cold exhaust sector 58 becomes the inlet sector 57 with the dew point temperature, through which is passing the outside air 7. In this case it may get cooled to the dew point temperature. Thereafter the cold outside air 7 as the working air 6 is directed to the exhaust sector 58 of a regenerative material 56 for direct contact with a wetted surface of the wetted sector 60, as this was above described.

[0140] Using the turbine 55, which also realizes heat and mass exchange process between the outside air 7 and working air 8, it is possible to reduce a height of the dry channel 2.

[0141] FIG. 20 is the same as FIG. 18 and 19, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power contains the short dry channel 2. It gives possibility to reduce cost for building and maintenance of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system.

[0142] Sometimes it is rational to divide of functions of the turbine and regenerative heat and mass exchanger, using two separated devices.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0143] FIG. 21 is the same as FIG. 20, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power contains the turbine 4 with electricity generator 6 and also the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger 62 with the electric motor 63 as two separate devices. Besides the electricity generator 6, which is connected to the turbine 4, produces electricity, part which uses for the electric motor 63. This electric motor 63 is used for rotation of the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger 62. The electricity generator 6 is connected with the electric motor 63 by an electrical line 64.

[0144] Follows to note, that the wetted sector 60 of the turbine 55 may be created not only for the horizontal turbine 55 (see FIG. 19 and 20), but also for the vertical turbine 55 (see FIG. 22). This scheme for the vertical turbine 55 (see FIG. 22) is similar to the schemes for the horizontal turbine 55, which are shown on FIG. 19 and 20.

[0145] But this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power with the vertical turbine 55 contains the wetted sector 60, which is wetted by water 5 using the liquid tank 65, in which a rotor of the vertical turbine 55 is immersed.

[0146] It is another wetting process for the vertical turbine 55, which creates the wetted sector 60. This wetting process for the vertical turbine 55 is more simple and cheap and guarantees good distribution of water 5 inside of a regenerative material 56.

[0147] But it does not change nature of the heat and mass exchange process between the outside air 7 and working air 8, which is used for the horizontal turbine 55. For this case, it is important to choose the right degree of rotation of the vertical turbine 55. Slower rotation would permit too much inward draining, and too much drying out due to evaporation, and so would reduce the total amount of evaporation. Faster rotation would not give time for the desired evenness of distribution, and so would reduce the total amount of evaporation.

[0148] As it is shown on FIG. 22, it is always expedient to bring heat for the working air 8, during its passing through the wet channel 3. This heat may be brought from any kind of exhaust gases or from solar radiation or both.

[0149] The atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power with the vertical turbine 55 (see FIG. 22) also may contain the deflector 66, which is placed on the top of the wet channel 3. It gives possibility to utilize the energy of the wind 67 blowing over of the wet channel 3. This energy may be used for creation of drafts in the wet channel 3. A wind 67 coming from any direction and passing between the two surfaces, has its stream of air constricted. Therefore, the velocity of this stream of air is increased. As a result, the pressure of this stream drops. So, suction is created on top of

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PCT/IB2016/001553 the wet channel 3. This suction of air creates a draft in the wet channel 3. Thus it also increases the effectiveness of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power by a partial regeneration of pressure energy.

[0150] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power, cold, and distilled water may have different inclination angles. For example, results showed that airflow rate reached a maximum at a system inclination angle of around 45° for a 200 mm gap and 1.5 m high system, which is about 45% higher than that for a vertical system under otherwise identical conditions. Even at 60°, the airflow rate is still about 30% higher than that for the corresponding vertical system. The reason for this flow rate increase is shown to be due to the relatively even airspeed inside the atmospheric evaporation driven system, which significantly reduces the pressure loss at the system inlet and outlet compared to the corresponding vertical system.

[0151] FIG. 23 is view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 of generating power, which contains the turbine 4 and also the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 as two separate devices.

[0152] Sometimes it is rational to use instead of the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger 62, which is working together with the turbine 4 (see FIG. 19), the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68, which is described by Maisotsenko et at. in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,107; 6,581,402; 6,705,096. This dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 contains the own dry 69 and wet 70 channels (see FIG. 23).

[0153] Outside air 7 is directed by a fan 71 at first to the dry 69 and next wet 70 channels of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68. In so doing, outside air 7, within a dry channel 69, may be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature by the evaporative action in a wet channel 70 taking latent heat from the heat exchange surface between the dry 69 and wet 70 channels. After passing through the dry channel 69, a portion of the cold outside air 7 is drawn off and the rest of this airflow as the working air 8 continues on in the wet channel 70 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68. Passing through the wet channel 70, the working air 8 becomes humidified with moisture evaporating from water 5, increasing its temperature and the moisture in a wet channel 70. The cold outside air 7, which was drawn off from the dry channel 69, has high density and in this condition it is directed to the dry channel 2 of the evaporation driven system 1 before a turbine 4. The warm and saturated working air 8, after its passing through the wet channel 70 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler

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68, has less density and it is directed to the wet channel 3 of the evaporation driven system 1 after a turbine 4 on direction of the movement of air.

[0154] The main driving force of the power produced by the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 is extra pressure of the cold outside air 7, which is directed to a turbine 4, as compared to the lesser amount of pressure of the warm and saturated working air 8, which comes out of the outlet from a turbine 4.

[0155] FIG. 23a is the same as FIG. 23, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power also produces distilled water for customer. This system contains the additional condenser 100 for this purpose and the wet 70 channel is wetted by sea water 5. The cold outside air 7, after passing at first through the dry channel 69 and after a turbine 4, is directed to condenser 100. Here the cold outside air 7 has indirect heat exchange contact with the humidified working air 8, after its passing through the driven system 1. Because temperature of the cold outside air 7 is always sufficiently lower than temperature of the humidified working air 8, due to that moisture is condensed from the humidified working air 8 in a condenser 100 in the form of distilled water 37, which is selected for customer. After passing through the condenser 100 the heated outside air 7 is directed through a turbine 4 to the driven system 1, and the working air 8 is thrown to atmosphere.

[0156] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power, cold, and distilled water has big advantage for simple regulation of collation of the final product depending on its consumptions. Demand for electricity varies with time of day, and the day of the week. When demand for electricity is less, for example, at nighttime, it is easy, using the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system, to produce more cold or distilled water (or both) than power. In this case, it is expedient to use the turbine 4 of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 as a fan for transportation outside air 7 as the working air 8 from the dry channel 2 to the wet channel 3 (for example, see FIG. 3, 4 and 7). This effect, the electricity generator 6, which is connected with the turbine 4, is used as the electric motor for rotation of the turbine 4.

[0157] Using electricity, which is cheap at nighttime, for rotation of the turbine 4, it gives possibility to increase of airflow in the dry 2 and wet 3 channels of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1. It increases productivity of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 for output of cold (air or water) or distilled water (or both).

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0158] It is efficient to use the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power and distilled water simultaneously, which utilizes natural forces (gravity and atmospheric pressure) to create a vacuum for vacuum distillation. This idea has the advantages of vacuum distillation without requiring additional energy for compressor to create the vacuum.

[0159] This conception was proposed by Sharma and Goswami (see the publication: Al-Kharabsheh and Yogi Goswami, “Analysis of an innovative water desalination system using low-grade solar heat”, Desalination, 156, 2003, p.323-332). This publication illustrates: “The atmospheric pressure is equivalent to the hydrostatic pressure generated by a column of water of about 10 meters (m) high. So, if a column of a height more than 10 m and closed from the top is filled with water and the water is allowed to fall under the effect of gravity, it will fall to a height of about 10 m, creating a vacuum in the part above.” However although this water distillation system creates vacuum without a compressor, here are realized not efficient processes of evaporation and condensation. Besides this system needs to use the thermal energy required for evaporation process, because it doesn’t use of recycling the heat of condensation of the distillate. Also thisconventional water distillation system, which creates vacuum without a compressor, may not produce power.

[0160] The proposed invention improved this known distillation system and enhance of the processes of evaporation and condensation by exploiting simultaneously as source of energy from atmospheric air (also known as Psychrometric Energy) and as natural barometric pressure. Also this invention gives the unique possibility to create the more efficient atmospheric evaporation driven systems for generating power and distilled water, comparatively with the systems which were described earlier in this application, using only nature’s engineering.

[0161] FIG. 24 is a flow diagram of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 75 of generating power and distilled water 37 simultaneously. This system has two separated contours, which are in heat exchange relation: the air contour and water vapor contour. Here between the dry 2 and wet 3 channels (air contour) are placed the adjacent and connected between themselves vacuum channel 73 with salt water 5 and condensing channel 74 (water vapor contour) so that the vacuum channel 73 is in heat exchange relation via the plate 78 with the dry channel 2 on the one hand but on the other hand via the plate 80 with the condensing channel 74. Simultaneously the condensing channel 74 is in heat exchange relation via the plate 79 with the wet channel 3 on the

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PCT/IB2016/001553 one hand but on the other hand via the plate 80 with the vacuum channel 73. The atmospheric evaporation driven system 75 also contains aqueous salt solution supply tank 87 and its linked pipe for salt water 5; concentrated aqueous salt solution discharge tank 83 and its linked pipe 84; distilled water tank 85 and its linked pipe 86.

[0162] It is important to emphasize that the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system 75 (see FIG. 24) creates vacuum in the vacuum channels 73 without a compressor by utilizing natural forces. This system consists of the connected between themselves (through the vapor turbine 4) vacuum 73 and condensing 74 channels, and also the connected between themselves (through the air turbine 4) dry 2 and wet 3 channels at a height of about 10 m above ground level. And besides the vacuum 73 and condensing 74 channels also connected via pipes 5, 84 and 86 accordingly with the aqueous salt solution supply tank 87, concentrated aqueous salt solution discharge tank 83 and distilled water tank 85, all at the ground level. Balancing the hydrostatic and the atmospheric pressures in the supply 5 and discharge 84 pipes creates a vacuum. If the vacuum channel 73 and condensing 74 channel containing water are connected together, water will distill from the higher vapor pressure side to the other. The vapor pressure, for example, of seawater is about 1.84% less than that of fresh water over the temperature range of 0-100°C. This means that if the vacuum channels 73 (with salt water 5) and condensing channels 74 (with distilled water 37) are connected from the top while maintained at the same temperature, water would distill from the fresh waterside to the saline waterside. In order to maintain distillation of water from the saline_water 5 (in the vacuum channels 73) to the distilled water 37 (in the condensing channels 74), the vapor pressure of the salt water 5 in the vacuum channels 73 must be kept above that of the distilled water 36 in the condensing channels 74 by maintaining it at a higher temperature. In known conventional methods and systems this would be done by using the additional heat, for example, utilizing solar energy. The proposed invention doesn’t need of this additional heat and it may efficiently work without it. In this case the necessary heat is rejected (via the plate 78) from outside air 7, during its passing through the dry channel 2, and simultaneously (via the plate 80) from the condensing channel 74 with distilled water 37 to the vacuum channel 73 for salt water 5. These heat rejection processes guarantee that the vapor pressure of the salt water 5 in the vacuum channels 73 will be kept above that of the distilled water 37 in the condensing channels 74. Of course it is also possible to use additional heat, for

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PCT/IB2016/001553 example, utilizing solar energy through solar collectors. It may improve efficiency of this system but it requires the additional expenses on equipment.

[0163] Outside air 7 is directed to the dry channel 2 (see FIG. 24). Passing through the dry channel 2 in contact with the dry side of the plate 78, airflow 7 is cooled reducing its temperature from ambient to substantially the temperature of water vapor 76 in the vacuum channel 73 (which is less than the dew point temperature) with reducing absolute humidity of airflow 7. During the consequent process of precooling of airflow 7, whole airflow 7 is redirected from the dry channel 2 through the air turbine 4 to the wet channel 3 as the working air 8.

[0164] The cold air 7 flow downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation through a dry channel 2 because the cool air is heavier and its density is more than the density of outside air. The cold air 7 raises its density and will sink down producing an inverse chimney effect. The cold outside air 7 flow in a dry channel 2 at high rates, powering the air turbine 4, which is connected to the electricity generator 6, and escapes as the working air 8 to a wet channel 3. Thereafter (see FIG. 24), the working air 8 flows updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation through a wet channel 3. It is in contact with the moist surfaces 79 and 81, such as wick plastic or capillary-porous material being wetted by evaporative liquid, like water 72 or distilled water 37, or an aqueous salt solution 5. As the working air 8 passes along a wet channel 3, it is heated, moistened and its density becomes lower than the density of outside air. Thereby, the heated and moistened working air 8 is lighter and will rise within a wet channel 3, producing a chimney effect.

[0165] Passing through the dry channel 2 (see FIG. 24), outside air 7 bring heat via the plate 78 for the vacuum channel 73. It helps to evaporate vapor 76 from an aqueous salt solution 5 inside the vacuum channel 73. By rising the pressure of vapor 76 inside of the vacuum channel 73, its saturation temperature also rises and density of vapor 76 becomes lower. Thereby, vapor 76 is lighter and will rise inside the vacuum channel 73, producing a chimney effect.

[0166] Vapor 76 flows updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation through a vacuum channel 73 at high rates, powering the vapor turbine 4, which is connected to the electricity generator 6, and escapes as vapor 77 to the condensing channel 74, where vapor 77 is condensed.

[0167] The heat of condensation of vapor 77 is rejected from the condensing channel 74 via the plate 79 to the wet channel 3 by the working air 8, which is passing along the

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PCT/IB2016/001553 wet channel 3 through latent heat of evaporation. Simultaneously the heat of condensation of vapor 77 is rejected from the condensing channel 74 via the plate 80 to the vacuum channel 73 by evaporation of an aqueous salt solution 5. Thereby there is the double cooling process for the condensing channel 74, which increases efficiency of the cooling and condensing processes for vapor 77 in the condensing channel 74. These processes reduce pressure inside of the condensing channel 74 and vapor 77 flows downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation because it is heavier. The vapor 77 raises its density and will sink down producing an inverse chimney effect.

[0168] Because the working air 8 inside the wet channel 3 is being in heat exchange relation with the above-identified condensing channel 74, due to that moisture is condensed from vapor 77 in a condensing channel 74 in the form of distilled water 37, which is selected for customer.

[0169] Thereby it is efficient to use the advanced air evaporative cooling process (air contour), which is incorporated with the water vapor cycle (water vapor contour) through the proposed method and system for generating power and distilled water simultaneously, using the vacuum distillation process. It gives unique possibility to significantly increase the difference of densities between airflows in the dry 2 and wet 3 channels in the air contour by producing more cool and dry airflow 7 in a dry channel 2, in which temperature may be cooled less than the dew point temperature, and more warm and moistened working air 8 in a wet channel 3. It consequently increases the deliverable power available through the air turbine 4.

[0170] Simultaneously, using this proposed system, it is possible to create the difference of densities between water vapor 76 and vapor 77 in the vacuum 73 and condensing 74 channels in the water vapor contour by producing the cold and distilled water 37. It gives opportunity to produce the additional deliverable power available through the vapor turbine 4 and distilled water 37. Also the vacuum evaporative cooling process of salt water 5 inside the vacuum channel 73 (producing cold) and condensing process of vapor 77 inside the condensing channel 74 (producing heat condensation) increase the difference of densities between airflows 7 and 8 in the air contour.

[0171] A partial vacuum may be accomplished inside the vacuum channel 73 at high altitude merely by condensing all the water vapor to liquid water by allowing the water vapor to be cooled inside the condensing channel 74 by the low temperature and pressure ambient air at high altitude.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0172] Thereby, higher the altitude of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system, the greater the amount of power, cold, and distilled water are formed.

[0173] The described atmospheric evaporation driven system also may work as the thermoelectric generator for producing simultaneously additional electrical energy daytime and in the night based on temperature differentials. Here always there are difference temperatures between the dry bulb temperature of outside air and its dew point temperature. So the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system always has some places where it is warm while in other places it is cold. If dispose the thermoelectric materials in these places, thermal gradients are directly converted to electrical energy through the Seebeck (thermoelectric) effect. The generated voltage and power is proportional to the temperature difference and the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric materials. Large thermal gradients are essential to produce practical voltage and power levels (for example, see U.S. Pat. No 6,613, 972 and 6,673,996).

[0174] The present invention gives possibility to significantly increase the different temperature by producing cool and dry air in a dry channel, in which its temperature may be cooled in an ideal case to the dew point temperature, which is much below (especially for dry climate) than the wet bulb temperature as in known installations.

[0175] A thermocouple configuration is a more suitable approach for power generation. This type of configuration consists of n-and p-type materials electrically joined at the hot end. Some thermoelectric materials typically used for thermoelectric energy conversion include Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3, Bi-Sb, PbTe, Si-Ge, polysilicon, BiSbTeSe compounds, and InSbTe.

[0176] As it was described above, it is efficient, when the working air and/or evaporative liquid, before entering or during its passing through wet channel of a duct are heated. Source of this heat may be also a geothermal or/and soil heat source.

[0177] FIG. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power, which uses a geothermal or/and soil heat source. An advantage to this system is that at winter, when temperature of soil at some depth below ground is more than temperature of outside atmospheric air. In this case, the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 is inserted into the earth 93 (soil) for using a geothermal or/and soil heat source. Here entire outside atmospheric cold airflow 7, after its passing through the dry channel 2, is redirected as the working air 8 through a turbine 4 for the generation of power from a dry channel 2 to a wet channel 3.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0178] This atmospheric evaporation driven system (see FIG. 25) may contains the outside heat sink 94 (with temperature Ti), dew point heat sink 95 (with temperature Tdp) and soil heat sink 96 (with temperature Ts), which are placed in the corresponding zones.

[0179] Here: Ti-temperature of outside atmospheric air; Tdp- its dew point temperature and Ts - temperature of earth (soil).

[0180] Because T1/ Tdp / Ts temperatures differences fluctuate between summer and winter and also between nighttime and daytime, they are almost never zero. So there is always some energy available for harvesting.

[0181] That is why this rationally to use this atmospheric evaporation driven system also as the thermoelectric generator for producing simultaneously additional electrical energy in during all year (see FIG. 25). For this purpose it is necessary to dispose the thermoelectric materials in these heat sinks 94, 95 and 96. A proposed thermoelectric device would exploit natural temperature differences between the dry bulb, dew point temperatures of atmospheric air and soil temperature to harvest of electric energy. Unlike photovoltaic cells, the proposed method and system could operate in the absence of sunlight. The main attractive feature of the proposed system would be high reliability, because it contains no moving parts. It would not matter whether the atmospheric air was warmer than the soil (for example, in summer) or the soil warmer than air (for example, in winter): as long as there was a nonzero Ti/ Tdp / Ts temperatures differences [it may be (Ti - Tdp) or (Ts - Tdp) or (Ti- Ts)], heat would flow through the system and electricity would generated.

[0182] The proposed method of generating power is needed in consumption of water because it realizes of the evaporative cooling process. For this purpose it may be used any kind of water including the waste or sea water which, through the proposed invention, may be transformed to the distilled potable water.

[0183] However, is it possible to use the proposed invention for generation power in the climate zones, where no any water at all?

[0184] Water is always and anywhere over us, water is in any worldwide place. Any cloud is the perfect source of water.

[0185] Really, by feasibility study estimates, the clouds may give a huge amount of water - typically a cross section of a usual cloud is about 1 km² and may supply water up to 1 million people. It is rational for the proposed method of generating power to use water of clouds directly from sky for wetting process of the wet channel 3 of a duct 1.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0186] FIG. 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power that is delivered by water directly from a cloud.

[0187] In this case it is necessary to add such canopy over a duct 1 that will collect of the water droplets of clouds on meshes 18. The drops of water will flow down to a reservoir 19 and a hose 20 to the wet channel 3 of a duct 1. To support the cloud collectors (meshes 18), tethered balloons 21 and ropes 22 are used. Therefore the surface 15 inside of a wet channel 3 is wetted by water directly from a cloud. This water is moving along surface 15 from top to bottom as a liquid moving film 16.

[0188] The concept of using of solar radiation for generating power also was applied for the Solar Tower. Solar Towers operate on the simple principle hot air rises; the movement of rising hot air is utilized to drive turbines to generate electricity.

[0189] The Solar Tower generates of electrical power by converting the sun's thermal energy into electricity at competitive prices for renewable energy.

[0190] The sun’s radiation is used to heat a large body of air under an expansive collector zone, which is then forced by the laws of physics (hot air rises) to move as a hot wind through turbines to generate electricity. A Solar Tower power station will create the conditions to cause hot wind to flow continuously through pressure staged turbines to generate electricity.

[0191] Solar Tower technology was designed by leading German structural engineer professor Jorg Schlaich (see his book, Jorg Schlaich, The Solar Chimney, Edition Axel Menges, Stuttgart, 1995), a founding partner of the acclaimed structural engineering firm Schlaich Bergermann and Partners (for more information on Schlaich Bergermann and Partners, visit their website at: www.sbp.de).

[0192] EnviroMission, Ltd. is the largest producer of clean green renewable energy using the Solar Tower technology. This company develops the Solar Tower technology to commercial levels as a viable alternative to fossil fuel energy generation (visit their website at: www.enviromission.eom.ati).

[0193] But the existing Solar Tower technology has the following serious disadvantages:

1. The Solar Tower may not work continuously day and night but only in sunny time.

2. In the Solar Tower the movement of rising hot air is utilized to drive turbine to generate electricity. Of course, this hot air has less density than the outside air, but this different

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PCT/IB2016/001553 density is too small and pressure drop across a turbine (difference pressure between inlet and outlet of a turbine) is also small.

3. Using the known Solar Towers, it is impossible to realize efficiently and economically of capturing CO2 from air and simultaneously to generate power, cold, and distilled water.

4. Follows to emphasize the monthly energy outputs for the conventional Solar Towers are different and depend of the temperature of solar radiation. This difference (for example between January and June) may be differed more then 10 times. It is serious disadvantage.

[0194] The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system of generating power has the stable monthly energy output in during all year. In summer, when solar radiation is high and absolute humidity of outside air is also high, it is possible to get less density of air in a wet channel. In winter, when solar radiation is small and absolute humidity of outside air is also small, it is possible to get more density of air in a dry channel. In any case the different pressure (or density) across a turbine doesn’t change practically.

[0195] For purpose of illustrating the advantages of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system, which realizes the disclosed method of generating power, cold, and distilled water, the applicants compare this claimed system and known Energy Tower (for example, see Dan Zaslavsky et al., U.S. Pat. No 6,647,717) and known Solar Tower, using psychrometric chart.

[0196] We shall name of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system as the”Exergy Tower”.

[0197] FIG. 26 illustrates the psychrometric view of processes for the disclosed ’’Exergy Tower” and the known Energy Tower and Solar Tower.

[0198] The main driving force to generate electricity (E) by the Exergy, Energy or Solar Towers is a function of the difference of unit density (Δρ) or unit volume (Δν) of air between the inlet and outlet of a turbine:

[0199] E = F (Δρ) = Fi (Δν).

[0200] We shall build the processes in the psychrometric chart, which are realized in the Exergy, Energy or Solar Towers, provided that parameters of the outside air for all are the same (see FIG. 26).

[0201] For example, temperature of outside air is 95° F and its absolute humidity 0.04 W (lbm/lbm) - points 1,5, and 7.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0202] The “Exergy Tower” realizes the Maisotsenko cycle: process 1-2-3-4 (red color), where line 1-2 is heating process, for example, by solar radiation; line 2-3 is cooling process in the dry channels and line 3-4 is simultaneously humidifying and heating process in the wet channels.

[0203] The Solar Tower realizes process (blue color), where line 5-6 is heating process by solar radiation.

[0204] The Energy Tower realizes process (black color), where line 7-8 is adiabatic humidifying process.

[0205] For the Exergy Tower difference of unit volume of air between inlet and outlet of a turbine is:

[0206] Av = V4-V3;

[0207] For the Solar Tower difference of unit volume of air is: Av = V6 - Vs;

[0208] For the Energy Tower difference of unit volume of air is: Δν = V7 - Vs;

[0209] As this is seen from FIG. 26, difference of unit volume of air between inlet and outlet of a turbine (Δν = V4- V3) for the proposed Exergy Tower vastly (in many times) exceeds (Δν) for the Solar and Energy Towers. Besides this superiority increases with growing of temperature and reduction of moisture of outside air, which is entering to the Exergy Tower.

[0210] Also, the proposed Exergy Tower may produce not only power but also the cheap cold and distilled water. The conventional Solar and Energy Towers may not.

[0211] 1. A method of generating power using atmospheric evaporation driven systems comprising: passing atmospheric airflow through a dry channel of a duct, where this airflow has been precooled by contact with a dry side of surface, other wet side which in a wet channel is wetted by evaporative liquid, for example, water or an aqueous salt solution, without changing absolute humidity of airflow and by the consequent reduction of its temperature from ambient to substantially the dew point temperature of outside air in its headway downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation in a dry channel;

[0212] wherein during the consequent process of precooling of airflow, entire atmospheric cold airflow is redirected for the generation of power through a turbine from a dry channel to a wet channel of a duct as the working air for direct contact with evaporative liquid, which, as a film or moving film, is covered by a wick layer of the wet side of the surface, wherein said working air becomes humidified with moisture

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PCT/IB2016/001553 evaporating from evaporative liquid; between the atmospheric airflow and the same airflow as a working air, it passes before through a dry channel and after the wet channel, it is happening via surface, a process of indirect heat exchange and respectively, thereby consequent increasing the temperature and the moisture content of the working air in its headway updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation in a wet channel, and after that, the heated and moist working air is thrown to atmosphere; and [0213] wherein the working air and/or evaporative liquid, before entering or during its passing through wet channel of a duct is heated, for example, by solar radiation.

[0214] 2. A method of generating power and cold air simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claim 1, wherein some part of the atmospheric cold airflow, after passing through a turbine, is withdrawn and used as source of the cold for the customer.

[0215] 3. A method of generating power and cold liquid simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1 and 2, wherein evaporative liquid such water, which, as moving film, is covered of the wet side of surface, after its passing through a wet channel, is withdrawn and used as source of the cold for the customer.

[0216] 4. A method of generating power and cold simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-3, wherein the working air and/or evaporative liquid, before entering or during their passing through a wet channel of a duct, are heated directly by the exhaust stack gas if its absolute humidity is less or equal of absolute humidity of outside air.

[0217] 5. A method of generating power and cold simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-3, wherein the working air and/or evaporative liquid, before entering or during their passing through a wet channel of a duct, are heated indirectly by the exhaust stack gas if its absolute humidity is more of absolute humidity of outside air.

[0218] 6. method of generating power and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-3, wherein a wet channel is wetted by an aqueous salt solution and which comprises a condensing channel, whither some part of the heated and moist working air, after its passing through a wet channel, is withdrawn and directed as the condensing air; this condensing air is in its headway downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation inside of a condensing

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PCT/IB2016/001553 channel has been cooled to substantially the dew point temperature of outside air by contact with a dry side of surface, the other wet side which is wetted by an aqueous salt solution, being in heat exchange relation with the above identified wet channel, due to that moisture is condensed from the condensing air inside of a condensing channel in the form of distilled water, which is selected for the customer, and after the condensing air is directed through a turbine for the generation of power.

[0219] 7. A method of generating power and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claim 6, wherein the condensing air and/or distilled water, after their passing through a condensing channel, are withdrawn and used as source of the cold for the customer.

[0220] 8. A method of generating power and cold using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-7, wherein these systems are made as the linked, thin-walled, inflatable rising torroid duct, inside which the dry and wet channels are placed and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between them.

[0221] 9. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-8, wherein these systems are made as the linked, thin-walled, inflatable rising torroid duct, inside which the dry, wet and condensing channels are placed, besides any wet channel is located between dry and condensing channels and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between them.

[0222] 10. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 8 and 9, wherein an evaporation driven system includes a balloon and connecting cables, which are used to hold up and support the pressurized inflatable rising duct with dry, wet and condensing channels at the high elevation.

[0223] 11. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 10, wherein a balloon has double walls for creation a condensing space, which has a heat exchange mechanism with outside atmosphere air; and the heated and moistened working air, after its passing through a wet channel, is directed for this condensing space, due to that, moisture is condensed from the working air inside of a condensing space in the form of distilled water, which is sent down through a water turbine for the customer.

[0224] 12. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 8 and 9, wherein the linked, thin-walled, inflatable rising duct may be placed and attached to the side of a

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PCT/IB2016/001553 mountain with its upper end at a high elevation on the mountain and its lower end at a low elevation at the foot of the mountain or may be attached to the side of any kind of building or tower.

[0225] 13. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-12, wherein there are more than one set of dry, wet and condensing channels in a duct, besides any wet channel is located between the dry and condensing channels and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between any wet channel and any dry channel and also between any wet channel and any condensing channel.

[0226] 14. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-13, wherein an evaporation driven system contains a water jacket for heating by solar radiation of the water or aqueous salt solution, which are distributed from the water jacket to tops of the wet channels 3, which are wetted by hot moving water film from top to bottom.

[0227] 15. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 14, wherein the outside surface of a water jacket is covered by black color coating or using other materials, which may well absorb heat from solar radiation.

[0228] 16. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-13, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the parted placed solar water heater for heating by solar radiation of the water or aqueous salt solution, which are distributed from the solar water heater to tops of the wet channels 3, which are wetted by hot moving liquid film from top to bottom.

[0229] 17. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-16, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the water jacket and parted placed solar water heater for heating by solar radiation of the water or aqueous salt solution, which are distributed from them to tops of the wet channels 3, which are wetted by hot moving liquid film from top to bottom.

[0230] 18. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-17, wherein an evaporation driven system contains an absorbent coating of the dry channel, such as limewater, which pulls out carbon dioxide from outside air during its passing through the dry channel.

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PCT/IB2016/001553 [0231] 19. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-17, wherein an evaporation driven system contains an absorbent coating of the dry channel, such as liquid desiccant, which pulls out water vapor from outside air during its passing through the dry channel.

[0232] 20. Method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 5, wherein an evaporation driven system contains an absorbent coating of the exhaust channel, such as limewater, which pulls out carbon dioxide from the exhaust stack gas, during its passing through the exhaust channel.

[0233] 21. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 19 and 20, wherein an evaporation driven system contains an absorbent coating of the dry channel, such as liquid desiccant, which pulls out water vapor from outside air during its passing through the dry channel and also an absorbent coating of the exhaust channel, such as limewater, which pulls out carbon dioxide from the exhaust stack gas, during its passing through the exhaust channel.

[0234] 22. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 19 and 21, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the solar generator for recovering of the weak absorbent after its passing through the dry channel.

[0235] 23. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 22, wherein the solar generator comprising:

[0236] passing atmospheric airflow through a dry channel of a solar generator, where this airflow has been precooled by contact with a dry side of surface, other wet side which in a wet channel is wetted by the weak absorbent from a bottom of the dry channel of a duct, by the consequent reduction of absorbent temperature from ambient to substantially the dew point temperature, thereafter airflow is redirected from a dry channel to a wet channel of a solar generator for direct contact with absorbent, which, as a moving film, is covered by a wick layer of the wet side of the surface, wherein said airflow becomes humidified with moisture evaporating from absorbent, increasing its temperature and the moisture in a wet channel, where airflow is heated by solar radiation, and after that, the heated and moist airflow is thrown to atmosphere or

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PCT/IB2016/001553 directed to the wet channel of a duct, and the strong and cold absorbent, after its passing through the wet channel, is returned to the top of the dry channel of a duct.

[0237] 24. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems for natural air conditioning and ventilation in a building according to claims 1-23, wherein some part of outside air, after its passing through the dry channel of a duct, as the cold and dry air is withdrawn and used for inducing through the inlet channel into the room space and some part of indoor air is withdrawn from the room space to the wet channel of a duct by natural ventilation.

[0238] 25. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-24, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the water sprayer for turbine, which is made as the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger, where also is realized heat and mass exchange process between the outside air and working air, transferring heat and cold between these airflows.

[0239] 26. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 25, wherein the turbine is installed at the bottom of the duct, where the dry and wet channels for the heat exchanging inlet outside air and outlet working air are connected, and said turbine comprises a rotor, which turns continuously through the outside air and working air and they flow through a series of vanes by axial slots at high rates, powering turbine, which is connected to the electricity generator, and said rotor contains a regenerative material, and said channels having openings at either end of said rotor for directing separate the outside air and working air through said regenerative material, which contains the separated inlet and exhaust sectors for the outside air and working air, wherein the wetted sector of the regenerative material, which is wetted by evaporative liquid such water, is added to the exhaust sector and the inlet outside air is directed at first through the inlet sector and after turning on 180° through the wetted sector of a regenerative material as the outlet working air.

[0240] 27. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 25 and 26, wherein the dry channel is shorter than the wet channel.

[0241] 28. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 25 -27, wherein an evaporation driven

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PCT/IB2016/001553 system contains the turbine with electricity generator and also the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger with the electric motor as two separate devices.

[0242] 29. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 25 -28, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the turbine, which is made as the vertical rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger, where is realized heat and mass exchange process between the outside air and working air, transferring heat and cold between these airflows.

[0243] 30. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 29, wherein the vertical turbine contains the wetted sector, which is wetted by water using the liquid tank, in which a rotor of the vertical turbine is immersed.

[0244] 31. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 25-30, wherein the working air, during its passing through the wet channel, is heated.

[0245] 32. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 31, wherein the working air is heated by solar radiation.

[0246] 33. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1- 32, wherein the wet channel contains the wind deflector.

[0247] 34. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-33, wherein an evaporation driven system may be made with different inclination angles.

[0248] 35. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 34, wherein an evaporation driven system has an inclination angle of around 45 □.

[0249] 36. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-24, 27 and 30-35, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the turbine and also the dew point indirect evaporative cooler as two separate devices, besides this cooler realizes the cooling process for the outside air to substantially its dew point temperature and humidifying process for the working air, and hereinafter the cold outside air is directed to the dry channel of the evaporation driven system before a turbine and the warm saturated

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PCT/IB2016/001553 working air is directed to the wet channel of the evaporation driven system after a turbine on direction of the movement of air.

[0250] 37. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to 36, wherein an evaporation driven system uses sea water for wetting process for the dew point indirect evaporative cooler and contains the additional condenser, whither the cold outside air and humidified working air are directed for indirect heat exchange contact, with the result that the condensed distilled water is directed for customer.

[0251] 38. A method of generating cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-35, wherein the turbine of the atmospheric evaporation driven system is used as a fan for transportation outside air as the working air from the dry channel to wet channel, for what the electricity generator, which is connected with the turbine, is used as the electric motor for rotation of the turbine.

[0252] 39. A method of generating power, using the atmospheric evaporation driven system, according to claims 1-38, wherein as an evaporative liquid uses a low boiling evaporative liquid, such as ammonia or water- ammonia mix, which, as moving film, is covered of the wet side of surface of the wet channel.

[0253] 40. A method of generating power, using the atmospheric evaporation driven system, according to claim 39, wherein the working air, after evaporation of the low boiling evaporative liquid in it inside of the wet channel, is directed for condensation of vapor from this air and thereafter the condensed liquid is returned for wetting of the wet channel.

[0254] 41. A method of generating power, using the atmospheric evaporation driven system, according to claims 39 and 40, wherein uses the tall tower or balloon at the high elevation, or the side of a mountain with its upper end at a high elevation on the mountain and its lower end at a low elevation at the foot of the mountain for condensation of a low boiling evaporative liquid.

[0255] 42. A method of generating power and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 6-18, 24 and 31-37, wherein uses the vertical falling flow of distilled water from a condensing channel for driving the water turbine to produce additional electricity.

[0256] 43. A method of generating power and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 6-18, 24, 31-37 and 42,

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PCT/IB2016/001553 where outside air, after its passing through the dry channel, is redirected for the generation of power through the air turbine from the dry channel to the wet channel, wherein is added the vacuum channel with an aqueous salt solution, which is adjacent and connected via the vapor turbine with the condensing channel, besides both these channels are placed between the dry and wet channels so, that there is a heat exchange mechanism between the vacuum channel via the plate with the dry channel for supplying of the heat to the vacuum channel, and via another plate with the condensing channel, which herewith also simultaneously is in heat exchange relation via third plate with the wet channel for rejection heat from the condensing channel; moreover water vapor is evaporated from an aqueous salt solution inside of the vacuum channel and it has headway updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation inside of the vacuum channel and thereafter water vapor is redirected for the generation of power through the vapor turbine from the vacuum channel to the condensing channel by creation vacuum, and this water vapor is in its headway downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation inside of the condensing channel, where it has been condensed in the form of distilled water, by the consequent reduction of its temperature, which is selected for the customer.

[0257] 44. A method of generating power and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claim 43, wherein for the wet channel is used distilled water from the condensing channels, which as a film or moving film is covered a wick layer of the wet side of a plates, which are created the wet channel.

[0258] 45. A method of generating power and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 43 and 44, wherein an aqueous salt solution, after its passing through the vacuum channels, is selected and used as source of the chill for customer.

[0259] 46. A method of generating power and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 42-44, wherein distilled water from the condensing channels is selected and used as source of the chill for customer.

[0260] 47. A method of generating power and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 43-46, wherein the vacuum channel with an aqueous salt solution is connected through the vapor turbine with the condensing channels, and vacuum in the vacuum channel is created by disposition at

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PCT/IB2016/001553 height of about ten meters above ground level of all channels, which are connected via pipes to an aqueous salt solution supply and concentrated aqueous salt solution discharge of the vacuum channel from, and a distilled water tank of the condensing channel, all at the ground level.

[0261] 48. A method of generating power, cold and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-47, wherein the entire atmospheric cold airflow, after passing at first through a dry channel and after turbine, is used as source of the cold for the customer, whereupon the entire heated atmospheric airflow is redirected to a wet channel of a duct as the working air.

[0262] 49. A method of generating power, cold and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-48, wherein this system contains the separate turbines for producing power as for the outside air and as for working air.

[0263] 50. A method of generating power, cold and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-49, wherein some part of atmospheric cold airflow, after its passing at first through the dry channel and next a turbine, is redirected from a dry channel to a wet channel as the working air, but another part of this airflow is withdrawn and directed for a customer as cold air.

[0264] 51. A method of generating power, cold and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-50, wherein some part of atmospheric cold airflow, after its passing through the dry channel, is redirected from a dry channel to a wet channel as the working air, which contains the own separate turbine, but another part of this atmospheric cold airflow is withdrawn and directed for the generation of power through the turbine to atmosphere;

[0265] 52. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-51, wherein this system is inserted into the earth, using a geothermal or/and soil heat source for producing the thermoelectricity and applying the air within the earth’s atmosphere as the working fluid.

[0266] 53. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water simultaneously using atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-52, wherein this system for delivering of water directly from a cloud for wetting of the wet channel of a duct contains meshes and reservoir, which is connected with the wet channel by a hose, and also a balloon and ropes for supporting this system in air.

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Claims

1. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems comprising:

a) passing atmospheric airflow through a dry channel of a duct, where this airflow has been precooled by contact with a dry side of surface, other wet side which in a wet channel is wetted by an evaporative liquid comprising water or an aqueous salt solution, without changing absolute humidity of airflow and by the consequent reduction of its temperature from ambient to substantially the dew point temperature of outside air in its headway downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation in a dry channel;

b) wherein during the consequent process of precooling of airflow, entire atmospheric cold airflow is redirected for the generation of power through a turbine from a dry channel to a wet channel of a duct as the working air for direct contact with evaporative liquid, which, as a film or moving film, is covered by a wick layer of the wet side of the surface, wherein said working air becomes humidified with moisture evaporating from evaporative liquid; between the atmospheric airflow and the same airflow as a working air, it passes before through a dry channel and after the wet channel, it is happening via surface, a process of indirect heat exchange and respectively, thereby consequent increasing the temperature and the moisture content of the working air in its headway updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation in a wet channel, and after that, the heated and moist working air is thrown to atmosphere; and

c) wherein the working air and/or evaporative liquid, before entering or during its passing through wet channel of a duct is heated by a heat source, said heat source including solar radiation.

2. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein some part of the atmospheric cold airflow, after passing through a turbine, is withdrawn and used as source of the cold for the customer.

3. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein evaporative liquid such water, which, as moving film, is covered of the wet side of surface, after its passing through a wet channel, is withdrawn and used as source of the cold for the customer.

4. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein the working air and/or evaporative liquid, before entering or during their passing through a wet channel of a duct, are heated directly by

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PCT/IB2016/001553 the exhaust stack gas if its absolute humidity is less or equal of absolute humidity of outside air.

5. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein the working air and/or evaporative liquid, before entering or during their passing through a wet channel of a duct, are heated indirectly by the exhaust stack gas if its absolute humidity is more of absolute humidity of outside air.

6. method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein a wet channel is wetted by an aqueous salt solution and which comprises a condensing channel, whither some part of the heated and moist working air, after its passing through a wet channel, is withdrawn and directed as the condensing air; this condensing air is in its headway downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation inside of a condensing channel has been cooled to substantially the dew point temperature of outside air by contact with a dry side of surface, the other wet side which is wetted by an aqueous salt solution, being in heat exchange relation with the above identified wet channel, due to that moisture is condensed from the condensing air inside of a condensing channel in the form of distilled water, which is selected for the customer, and after the condensing air is directed through a turbine for the generation of power.

7. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 6, wherein the condensing air and/or distilled water, after their passing through a condensing channel, are withdrawn and used as source of the cold for the customer.

8. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems to claim 1, wherein these systems are made as the linked, thin-walled, inflatable rising torroid duct, inside which the dry and wet channels are placed and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between them.

9. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein these systems are made as the linked, thinwalled, inflatable rising torroid duct, inside which the dry, wet and condensing channels are placed, besides any wet channel is located between dry and condensing channels and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between them.

10. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 8, wherein an evaporation driven system includes a balloon and connecting cables, which are used to hold up and support the pressurized inflatable rising duct with dry, wet and condensing channels at the high elevation.

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PCT/IB2016/001553

11. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 10, wherein a balloon has double walls for creation a condensing space, which has a heat exchange mechanism with outside atmosphere air; and the heated and moistened working air, after its passing through a wet channel, is directed for this condensing space, due to that, moisture is condensed from the working air inside of a condensing space in the form of distilled water, which is sent down through a water turbine for the customer.

12. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 8, wherein the linked, thin-walled, inflatable rising duct is disposed and attached to the side of a mountain with its upper end at a high elevation on the mountain and its lower end at a low elevation at the foot of the mountain or is disposed or attached to the side of any kind of building or tower.

13. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein there are more than one set of dry, wet and condensing channels in a duct, besides any wet channel is located between the dry and condensing channels and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between any wet channel and any dry channel and also between any wet channel and any condensing channel.

14. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation driven system contains a water jacket for heating by solar radiation of the water or aqueous salt solution, which are distributed from the water jacket to tops of the wet channels 3, which are wetted by hot moving water film from top to bottom.

15. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 14, wherein the outside surface of a water jacket is covered by black color coating or using other materials for absorbing heat from solar radiation.

16. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the parted placed solar water heater for heating by solar radiation of the water or aqueous salt solution, which are distributed from the solar water heater to tops of the wet channels 3, which are wetted by hot moving liquid film from top to bottom.

17. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the water jacket and parted placed solar water heater for heating by solar radiation of the water or

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PCT/IB2016/001553 aqueous salt solution, which are distributed from them to tops of the wet channels 3, which are wetted by hot moving liquid film from top to bottom.

18. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation driven system contains an absorbent coating of the dry channel, such as limewater, which pulls out carbon dioxide from outside air during its passing through the dry channel.

19. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation driven system contains an absorbent coating of the dry channel, such as liquid desiccant, which pulls out water vapor from outside air during its passing through the dry channel.

20. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 5, wherein an evaporation driven system contains an absorbent coating of the exhaust channel, such as limewater, which pulls out carbon dioxide from the exhaust stack gas, during its passing through the exhaust channel.

21. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 19, wherein an evaporation driven system contains an absorbent coating of the dry channel, such as liquid desiccant, which pulls out water vapor from outside air during its passing through the dry channel and also an absorbent coating of the exhaust channel, such as limewater, which pulls out carbon dioxide from the exhaust stack gas, during its passing through the exhaust channel.

22. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 19, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the solar generator for recovering of the weak absorbent after its passing through the dry channel.

23. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 22, wherein the solar generator comprising:

passing atmospheric airflow through a dry channel of a solar generator, where this airflow has been precooled by contact with a dry side of surface, other wet side which in a wet channel is wetted by the weak absorbent from a bottom of the dry channel of a duct, by the consequent reduction of absorbent temperature from ambient to substantially the dew point temperature, thereafter airflow is redirected from a dry channel to a wet channel of a solar generator for direct contact with absorbent, which, as a moving film, is covered by a wick layer of the wet side of the surface, wherein said airflow becomes humidified with moisture evaporating from absorbent, increasing its temperature and the moisture in a wet channel, where airflow is heated by solar radiation, and after that, the heated and moist airflow is

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PCT/IB2016/001553 thrown to atmosphere or directed to the wet channel of a duct, and the strong and cold absorbent, after its passing through the wet channel, is returned to the top of the dry channel of a duct.

24. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems for natural air conditioning and ventilation in a building according to claim 1, wherein some part of outside air, after its passing through the dry channel of a duct, as the cold and dry air is withdrawn and used for inducing through the inlet channel into the room space and some part of indoor air is withdrawn from the room space to the wet channel of a duct by natural ventilation.

25. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the water sprayer for turbine, which is made as the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger, where also is realized heat and mass exchange process between the outside air and working air, transferring heat and cold between these airflows.

26. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 25, wherein the turbine is installed at the bottom of the duct, where the dry and wet channels for the heat exchanging inlet outside air and outlet working air are connected, and said turbine comprises a rotor, which turns continuously through the outside air and working air and they flow through a series of vanes by axial slots at high rates, powering turbine, which is connected to the electricity generator, and said rotor contains a regenerative material, and said channels having openings at either end of said rotor for directing separate the outside air and working air through said regenerative material, which contains the separated inlet and exhaust sectors for the outside air and working air, wherein the wetted sector of the regenerative material, which is wetted by evaporative liquid such water, is added to the exhaust sector and the inlet outside air is directed at first through the inlet sector and after turning on 180° through the wetted sector of a regenerative material as the outlet working air.

27. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 25, wherein the dry channel is shorter than the wet channel.

28. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 25, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the turbine with electricity generator and also the rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger with the electric motor as two separate devices.

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29. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 25, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the turbine, which is made as the vertical rotary regenerative heat and mass exchanger, where is realized heat and mass exchange process between the outside air and working air, transferring heat and cold between these airflows.

30. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 29, wherein the vertical turbine contains the wetted sector, which is wetted by water using the liquid tank, in which a rotor of the vertical turbine is immersed.

31. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 25, wherein the working air, during its passing through the wet channel, is heated.

32. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 31, wherein the working air is heated by solar radiation.

33. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein the wet channel contains the wind deflector.

34. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation driven system comprises different inclination angles.

35. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 34, wherein an evaporation driven system has an inclination angle of around 45°.

36. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein an evaporation driven system contains the turbine and also the dew point indirect evaporative cooler as two separate devices, besides this cooler realizes the cooling process for the outside air to substantially its dew point temperature and humidifying process for the working air, and hereinafter the cold outside air is directed to the dry channel of the evaporation driven system before a turbine and the warm saturated working air is directed to the wet channel of the evaporation driven system after a turbine on direction of the movement of air.

37. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 36, wherein an evaporation driven system uses sea water for wetting process for the dew point indirect evaporative cooler and contains the additional

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PCT/IB2016/001553 condenser, whither the cold outside air and humidified working air are directed for indirect heat exchange contact, with the result that the condensed distilled water is directed for customer.

38. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein the turbine of the atmospheric evaporation driven system is used as a fan for transportation outside air as the working air from the dry channel to wet channel, for what the electricity generator, which is connected with the turbine, is used as the electric motor for rotation of the turbine.

39. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein as an evaporative liquid uses a low boiling evaporative liquid, such as ammonia or water- ammonia mix, which, as moving film, is covered of the wet side of surface of the wet channel.

40. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 39, wherein the working air, after evaporation of the low boiling evaporative liquid in it inside of the wet channel, is directed for condensation of vapor from this air and thereafter the condensed liquid is returned for wetting of the wet channel.

41. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 39, wherein uses the tall tower or balloon at the high elevation, or the side of a mountain with its upper end at a high elevation on the mountain and its lower end at a low elevation at the foot of the mountain for condensation of a low boiling evaporative liquid.

42. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 6, wherein uses the vertical falling flow of distilled water from a condensing channel for driving the water turbine to produce additional electricity.

43. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 6, where outside air, after its passing through the dry channel, is redirected for the generation of power through the air turbine from the dry channel to the wet channel, wherein is added the vacuum channel with an aqueous salt solution, which is adjacent and connected via the vapor turbine with the condensing channel, besides both these channels are placed between the dry and wet channels so, that there is a heat exchange mechanism between the vacuum channel via the plate with the dry channel for supplying of the heat to the vacuum channel, and via another plate with the condensing channel, which herewith also simultaneously is in heat exchange relation via third plate with the wet channel for rejection heat from the condensing channel; moreover water vapor is

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PCT/IB2016/001553 evaporated from an aqueous salt solution inside of the vacuum channel and it has headway updraft from the low elevation to the high elevation inside of the vacuum channel and thereafter water vapor is redirected for the generation of power through the vapor turbine from the vacuum channel to the condensing channel by creation vacuum, and this water vapor is in its headway downdraft from the high elevation to the low elevation inside of the condensing channel, where it has been condensed in the form of distilled water, by the consequent reduction of its temperature, which is selected for the customer.

44. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 43, wherein for the wet channel is used distilled water from the condensing channels, which as a film or moving film is covered a wick layer of the wet side of a plates, which are created the wet channel.

45. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 43, wherein an aqueous salt solution, after its passing through the vacuum channels, is selected and used as source of the chill for customer.

46. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 42, wherein distilled water from the condensing channels is selected and used as source of the chill for customer.

47. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 43, wherein the vacuum channel with an aqueous salt solution is connected through the vapor turbine with the condensing channels, and vacuum in the vacuum channel is created by disposition at height of about ten meters above ground level of all channels, which are connected via pipes to an aqueous salt solution supply and concentrated aqueous salt solution discharge of the vacuum channel from, and a distilled water tank of the condensing channel, all at the ground level.

48. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 47, wherein the entire atmospheric cold airflow, after passing at first through a dry channel and after turbine, is used as source of the cold for the customer, whereupon the entire heated atmospheric airflow is redirected to a wet channel of a duct as the working air.

49. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein this system contains the separate turbines for producing power as for the outside air and as for working air.

50. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein some part of atmospheric cold airflow, after its

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PCT/IB2016/001553 passing at first through the dry channel and next a turbine, is redirected from a dry channel to a wet channel as the working air, but another part of this airflow is withdrawn and directed for a customer as cold air.

51. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein some part of atmospheric cold airflow, after its passing through the dry channel, is redirected from a dry channel to a wet channel as the working air, which contains the own separate turbine, but another part of this atmospheric cold airflow is withdrawn and directed for the generation of power through the turbine to atmosphere;

52. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein this system is inserted into the earth, using a geothermal or/and soil heat source for producing the thermoelectricity and applying the air within the earth’s atmosphere as the working fluid.

53. A method of generating power, cold, and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claim 1, wherein this system for delivering of water directly from a cloud for wetting of the wet channel of a duct contains meshes and reservoir, which is connected with the wet channel by a hose, and also a balloon and ropes for supporting this system in air.