AU2016393722A1 - Solar photoelectric cell (variants) - Google Patents
Solar photoelectric cell (variants) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2016393722A1 AU2016393722A1 AU2016393722A AU2016393722A AU2016393722A1 AU 2016393722 A1 AU2016393722 A1 AU 2016393722A1 AU 2016393722 A AU2016393722 A AU 2016393722A AU 2016393722 A AU2016393722 A AU 2016393722A AU 2016393722 A1 AU2016393722 A1 AU 2016393722A1
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- Prior art keywords
- concentrator
- holographic
- solar
- photocells
- distinguished
- Prior art date
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005101 luminescent paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940035637 spectrum-4 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S21/00—Solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S20/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Abstract
A solar photoelectric cell contains a diffraction-type holographic concentrator, an optical system including an input lens, in particular a Fresnel lens, and a collimating lens, and a parabolic (spherical) mirror; a receiver of a thermoelectric generator is introduced in an infrared radiation zone, and a second end of the receiver is inserted into a thermally conductive fluid; photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes and are installed on a primary optical axis symmetrically along both sides of the holographic concentrator, or are installed between the group of lenses and the holographic concentrator; photoreceivers are made in the form of rings and are disposed behind the holographic concentrator.
Description
The invention is related to the highly efficient solar energy arrays with a concentrator for the generation of electric power.
There is a known solar photovoltaic module (Alferov Zh.I., Andreev V.M., Rumyantsev V.D. “Trends and Outlooks of Development of Solar Photovoltaic Power Engineering” Physics and Technology Institute after A.F. Ioffe of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 11 February 2004) with c photo converters based on hetero-structures with intermediate concentration of solar radiation ensuring the reduction in the square of photoelectric receivers and consequently the cost proportionately to the extent of solar radiation concentration.
A disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the technology of production of expensive tandem-type photoelectric cells, reduction in the Fresnel lens aperture due to the need in heat removal and, as a result, limited increase in multiplicity of solar concentration as well as the employment of additional auxiliary optical instruments and other devices.
In addition, the heat part of the spectrum could be utilized for the generation of additional heat and electric energy using popular physical effects, for instance, using thermal effect or other thermodynamically processes; however, in this case it will require significant economic costs.
Also, there is a well-known generator with the use of solar radiation concentrator [Alferov Zh.I.], which employs an ordinary lens, the Fresnel lens and heat concentrating module. Such level of solar energy concentration decreases the losses caused by the operation of the photoelectric cell in high temperatures.
Disadvantages of such a concentrator are impossibility to disperse solar radiation by wavelengths that impedes the increase in the solar energy conversion factor and the need in the water-cooling block makes the design more complex and expensive.
There is a unit of spectral decomposition of light [Andreev V.M.], Here, dichroic mirrors decompose the light reflecting high-energy photons toward the first element and skipping the low-energy photons toward the second element and further to the third element.
A disadvantage of this design is the need to use dichroic mirrors ad heat removing devices that makes the design of a solar generator considerably more expensive and complex. Moreover, a significant part of energy is lost when passing through the mirrors.
There is also another method of solar energy transformation that consists of a sheet of glass or plastic coated with luminescent paints absorbing the solar light in narrow spectral ranges and then emitting photons of various energies in many directions.
The light reflected from the borders is “captured” inside the sheet, since the paints cannot absorb it and it eventually is moved towards the edges of the sheet, where the solar element is located. Such system does not require the Sun tracker because the paints absorb the light falling at any angle.
At the same time, the disadvantages of such a design are as follows. The luminescent paints absorb the light in narrow spectral ranges and then emit photons of various energies in many directions. Here, the theoretical efficiency factor exceeds 50%. Such a value is possible; however, it is dispersed all over the sheet, its volume, all kinds of energy that are impossible to collect on photoelectric receivers since they contain photons of all kinds and energy. At the same time, it is known that photoelectric receivers work only in certain intervals of wavelengths (frequencies), therefore there is the same problem as with ordinary panel receivers. Most part of photons are dispersed all over the sheet turning into heat energy that only heats it and does not bring any use. This is only an integral energy of all photons emitted in this material. The useful energy utilized by the photoelectric receivers will make up a very small, namely the tenth, part of what is indicated. And it is quite a problem to collect this tiny energy.
The closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical essence is the
Method of Generation of Transmitting Hologram (Patent No 1521112, Rospatent RF. 17. 04. 1996). Here, a holographic concetrator is formed on photorecording medium the using coherent spherical and plane waves with subsequent photochemical processing and drying of the medium. At that, the holographic concetrator is formed on photorecording medium using coaxial spherical and plane waves. As a result, a holographic zone plate is produced - a lens (the holographic concetrator), which possesses the following properties: a) decomposes incident radiation (in this case white light) by wave lengths of which it consists and b) focuses it on the main optical axis starting from infra-red (IR) radiation near the very plate and finishing with the ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the very end.
By placing semiconducting photo receivers with corresponding band-gap energy in focus points along the optical axis of each wavelength, using such a concentrator, it is possible to produce the optimal value of a photocurrent for each photo receiver functioning in optimal conditions. The total value of the current with due account for various kinds of disturbance will exceed 50% and more. Semiconducting receivers can be either elementary or complex, produced using long proven technologies - this is the first advantage. The second advantage: each wavelength can be withdrawn without any interferences and disturbances to other frequencies and can be utilized separately. For example, this arrangement ensures the removal of a thermal part of radiation, which has been the main reason for low operability (conversion factor) of solar panels and receivers.
The disadvantages of the well-known solar module with the holographic concentrator are:
a) Impossibility to realize the method of utilization of a heat radiation spectrum;
b) Lack of a system ensuring the multiplicity of solar concentration;
c) Non-pro visioned potential problems with the conversion factor of solar radiation of various wavelength incident at different angles on the surface of photo receivers. Since the dispersion and refraction factor (reflection of solar radiation from the surface of a converter) is known to change depending on the angle of solar radiation incidence on the photo converters, this will affect the value of converted photocurrent.
An advantage of the concentrator is the possibility to use semiconducting compounds located in series with the band-gap energy optimal for various wavelengths of solar radiation as well as the possibility to remove the heat part of radiation from the whole spectrum of incident solar radiation that tends to reduce the factor of its conversion into the electric one.
The objective of the invention is to develop a solar-voltaic array that is simple to manufacture, incorporates all potentials of the represented cheap holographic concentrator, ensures the utilization of both the thermal part of solar spectrum and the visible part, the change of solar radiation concentration and the reduction in solar radiation reflection from the converter’s surface; hence, to create highly efficient, highly concentrating solar-voltaic array.
The technical result is the increase in the efficiency factor of the solar array, considerable reduction in the cost of photocells, improvement of operational characteristics, and enhancement of reliability and durability of the solar array, reduction in the cost of generated electric power.
The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the multiplicity of solar concentration is increased in the proposed solar-voltaic array with the holographic concentrator. The photocells are arranged in series along the main optical axis of the penetrating solar radiation and decrease the reflection of solar radiation from the converter’s surface. The length of photocells corresponds to the band-gap energy optimal for various wavelength of solar radiation. Also, the thermal part of solar radiation is removed from the whole spectrum of incident radiation or utilized as heat energy or heat energy is directly converted into electric power based on the Seeback effect. At that, the thermoelectric generator includes thermal batteries consisting semiconducting thermal elements connected in series or in parallel.
The technical result can also be achieved using another option, where the multiplicity of solar radiation is also increased. The photocells are arranged in series along the main optical axis of both penetrating and reflected solar radiation, the reflection of solar radiation from the converter’s surface is also reduced. The length of photocells corresponds to the band-gap energy optimal for various wavelength of solar radiation. Also, the thermal part of radiation is removed from the whole spectrum of incident radiation or utilized as heat energy or heat energy is directly converted into electric power based on the Seeback effect.
The character of the invention is explained using the drawings in Fig. 1-7.
Fig. la, lb, 2 - Diagrams of holographic highly efficient highly concentrating solar-voltaic arrays with pre-concentrating lenses and thermoelectric generator operating on penetrating solar radiation. At that, photocells are made in the form of cylinders or corrugated tubes.
Fig. 3 - Diagram of holographic highly efficient highly concentrating solarvoltaic array operating on penetrating and reflected solar radiation with preconcentrator made in the form of parabolic (spherical, incurved) mirror and thermoelectric generator. At that, the photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes.
Fig. 4 - Diagram of holographic highly efficient highly concentrating solarvoltaic array operating on penetrating and reflected solar radiation with preconcentrating lenses and thermoelectric generator. The photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes or cylinders.
Fig. 5 - Diagram of holographic highly efficient highly concentrating solarvoltaic array operating on penetrating and reflected solar radiation with preconcentrator made in the form of parabolic (incurved) mirror and thermoelectric generator. The photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes.
Fig. 6 - Diagram of holographic highly efficient highly concentrating solarvoltaic array operating on penetrating and reflected solar radiation with preconcentrators made in the form of lens and made in the form of parabolic (incurved) mirror and thermoelectric generator. At that, the photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes.
Fig. 7 - Diagram of holographic highly efficient highly concentrating solarvoltaic array operating on penetrating and reflected solar radiation with preconcentrating lens and thermoelectric generator. At that, the photocells operating on penetrating solar radiation are made in the form of rings, and photocells operating on reflected solar radiation are made in the form of corrugated tubes.
The solar array (Fig. la) consists of the solar radiation multiplicity concentrator 1, a dispersing lens (holographic concentrator) 2, thermoelectric generator’s receiver 3, photo receivers 4 for various wavelengths situated along the main optical axis past the holographic concentrator 2 following the entry of solar beams.
Another option (Fig. lb) represents the solar array where 1 is solar radiation, 2 is an input lens (the Fresnel lens) to increase the required multiplicity of solar radiation, 3 is a collimating lens to match the solar radiation with aperture dispersing it by wavelengths of holographic (diffractive) lens, 4 is a diffractive lens, 5 is a place of concentration of thermal radiation on the main optical axis of the optical system, where the hot junction of the thermoelectric generator is located, 6 is a location place of other photo converters for various wavelengths on the main optical axis. At that, the photocells are arranged past the holographic concentrator following the entry of solar beams.
Fig.2 shows that the solar array consists of the Fresnel lens or ordinary lens 1 to increase the multiplicity of solar radiation, set of lenses 2 to form parallel solar beams directed at the holographic concentrator 3 and the battery case 4. The photocells are installed on the main optical axis past the entry of solar beams (past the holographic concentrator).
The solar array in Fig.3 includes the spherical mirror 1 to increase the multiplicity of solar radiation, set of lenses 2 to form parallel solar beams, the holographic concentrator 3, the battery case 4 and transparent (glass) battery cover
5. The photocells are installed on the main optical axis before the holographic concentrator following the entry of solar beams (right past the transparent battery cover 5). Also, at the place of focused infrared radiation there is a heat receiver.
Fig.4 illustrates the solar array consisting of the Fresnel lens or ordinary lens 1 to increase the multiplicity of solar radiation, set of lenses 2 to form parallel solar beams directed at the holographic concentrator 3 and the battery case 4. The photocells are located on the main optical axis on both sides of the holographic concentrator 3 (symmetrically). At the place of focused infrared radiation, there is a heat receiver, the second end of which is placed into a heat-conducting fluid.
The solar array in Fig.5 includes the spherical mirror 1 to increase the multiplicity of solar radiation, set of lenses 2 to form parallel solar beams, the holographic concentrator 3, the battery case 4 and transparent battery cover 5. The photocells are installed on the main optical axis on both sides of the holographic concentrator 3 (symmetrically). At the place of focused infrared radiation, there is a heat receiver.
Fig.6 represents the solar array consisting of the input Fresnel lens or ordinary lens 1 and the spherical mirror 5 to increase the multiplicity of solar radiation, two sets of lenses 2 to form parallel solar beams directed at the holographic concentrator 3, the battery case 4, and transparent battery cover 6, the diameter of which is larger than the input lens 1. The photocells are installed on the main optical axis on both sides of the holographic concentrator 3 (symmetrically). Also, at the place of focused infrared radiation, there is a heat receiver.
The solar array in Fig. 7 consists of the Fresnel lens or ordinary lens 1 to increase the multiplicity of solar radiation, set of lenses 2 to form parallel solar beams directed at the holographic concentrator 3 and the battery case 4. The photocells operating on reflected solar radiation are made in the form of corrugated tubes and installed on the main optical axis between the set of lenses 2 and the holographic concentrator 3. And the photocells operating on penetrating solar radiation are made in the form of rings and located behind the holographic concentrator. At that, the photocell nearest to the main optical axis operates on the red color and so on up to the violet color, as shown in Fig.7. At the place of focused infrared radiation, there is a heat receiver.
The solar array with the holographic concentrator operates in the following way (Fig.l).
The primary concentrator (Fig.la) 1 collects solar radiation of the required concentration and directs it at the holographic concentrator 2. On the holographic concentrator, the solar radiation (white color) is decomposed into the spectrum 4 and focused along the main optical axis, starting from the infrared thermal radiation up to the ultraviolet one using the Wolf-Bregg formula. At the initial point of IR-radiation focusing, devices 3 are installed that convert thermal radiations directly into electric power or remove the thermal power into a heatconducing fluid. The photo converters 4 with corresponding bandwidth for each of the wavelength transforms solar radiation into electric power.
The primary concentrator (Fig. lb) collects solar radiation 1 of the required multiplicity from the linear Fresnel lens or ordinary lens 2 along its optical axis. Using the second lens 3 it forms the parallel beam of concentrated radiation and directs it on the dispersing holographic diffracting optical element (lens) 4, the aperture of which equals the sectional area of the incident beam.
On the dispersing diffracting optical element 4, solar radiation 1 is decomposed into spectrum 6 and focused along the main optical axis starting from the infrared (thermal) radiation up to the ultraviolet one using the Wolf-Bregg formula. At the initial point of IR-radiation focusing, devices 5 are installed that convert thermal radiations directly into electric power or remove the thermal power into a heat-conducing fluid. The photo converters 6 with corresponding bandwidth for each of the wavelength transforms solar radiation into electric power.
Solar radiation (Fig.2) falling on the Fresnel lens (or ordinary lens) 1 is focused on the main optical axis, and falling on the optical system 2, it is directed at the holographic concentrator 3 using parallel beams. After passing the holographic concentrator 3, solar radiation is dispersed by wavelength and supplied onto the photo receivers, which are installed on the main optical axis correspondingly to various wavelengths and made in the form of cylinders or corrugated tubes. The marked photo receivers generate electric power using penetrating solar radiation.
Instead of the Fresnel lens, it is possible to install the spherical mirror, as shown in Fig.3. Then, solar radiation falls onto the holographic concentrator 3 through the transparent cover 5. Reflecting from the concentrator 3, solar radiation falls onto the photo receivers in compliance with the band-gap energy (wavelength). Most part of radiation, reflected from the mirror 1, falls onto the set of lenses 2. And penetrating part of solar radiation falls onto the same photo receivers, thus increasing the power of the solar array.
The solar array represented in Fig. 4 operates similarly, as shown in Fig.2. However, in addition to penetrating radiation, the solar radiation reflected from the holographic concentrator 3 is transformed into electric power on the photo receivers located between the set of lenses 2 and the concentrator 3.
The solar array in Fig.5 operates in the following way. Through the transparent cover 5, solar radiation falls onto the concave mirror 1 that reflects it onto the set of lenses 2. From lenses 2, solar radiation in parallel hits the holographic concentrator 3. The solar radiation reflected from the holographic concentrator 3 is dispersed by wavelengths and focused between lenses 2 and the concentrator 3. The penetrating solar radiation, supplied from the transparent cover 5, is dispersed and focused here as well. The penetrating solar radiation, supplied from the mirror 1, and radiation, reflected from the holographic concentrator 3, is dispersed and focused on the photo receivers located between the holographic concentrator 3 and the transparent cover 5.
The solar array represented in Fig. 6 operates in the following way. The solar radiation passing through the Fresnel lens (or ordinary lens) 1 is supplied to the first set of lenses 2 that directs it in parallel to the holographic concentrator 3. The concentrator 3 disperses and focuses the reflected radiation on photo receivers by wavelengths, which are installed between the lenses 2 on the side of the Fresnel lens 1 and the concentrator 3. The penetrating part of solar radiation is directed at photo receivers located between the concentrator 3 and the second set of lenses 2 on the side of the mirror 5.
The solar radiation passing though the transparent cover 6 is supplied to the concave mirror 5, which directs it to the second set of lenses 2 located on the side of the mirror 5. This set of lenses directs the solar radiation in parallel onto the holographic concentrator 3.
The solar radiation reflected from the concentrator 3 is dispersed and focused on the photo receivers installed on the side of the mirror 5. And the penetrating part is dispersed and focused on the photo receivers installed on the side of the receiving Fresnel lens 1.
The solar array represented in Fig. 7 operates in the following way. The solar radiation passing through the Fresnel lens (or ordinary lens) 1 is supplied to the set of lenses 2 that directs it in parallel to the holographic concentrator 3. The concentrator 3 disperses and focuses the reflected radiation on photo receivers by wavelengths, which are installed between the lenses 2 and the concentrator 3 and made in the form of corrugated tubes. The penetrating part of radiation is directed at the photo receivers located behind the concentrator 3 and made in the form of rings.
The cause-and-effect link between the critical limitations of the invention and achieved results is evident in the fact that at the application of the mentioned features the manifold increased solar radiation of a certain wavelength is supplied to a photo receiver. In particular, red color comes onto single-crystal silicon, green and blue, onto gallium arsenide, violet, onto amorphous silicon. Thermal (infrared) radiation does not come onto the photo receivers and can be utilized separately, for instance, in the form of thermal energy since it is focused separately near the very holographic concentrator.
Claims (9)
- FORMULA OF INVENTION1. The solar photovoltaic array with the diffracting holographic optical element which is the concentrator and dispersing element containing the photo receivers for all wavelengths is distinguished by the fact that the thermoelectric generator’s receivers are installed in the zone of infrared radiation along with input and collimating lenses.
- 2. With regard to item 1, it is distinguished by the fact that one end of the heat receiver is installed in the zone of infrared radiation, and another end is placed into the heat-conducting fluid.
- 3. With regard to items 1, 2, it is distinguished by the fact that the heat receivers are made in the form of corrugated tubes.
- 4. With regard to items 1, 2, 3, it is distinguished by the fact that the input lens and the optical system are installed.
- 5. The solar photovoltaic array with the diffracting holographic optical element which is the concentrator and dispersing element containing the photo receivers for all wavelengths is distinguished by the fact that the parabolic (spherical) mirror and the optical system are installed, the photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes and are installed on the main optical axis between the holographic concentrator and the entry of solar beams.
- 6. The solar photovoltaic array with the diffracting holographic optical element which is the concentrator and dispersing element containing the photo receivers for all wavelengths is distinguished by the fact that the Fresnel lens or ordinary lens is installed on the main optical axis, the photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes and located on the main optical axis symmetrically on both sides of the holographic concentrator, and the heat receiver is installed at the place of focused infrared radiation, the second end of which is placed into the heat-conducing fluid.
- 7. The solar photovoltaic array with the diffracting holographic optical element which is the concentrator and dispersing element containing the photo receivers for all wavelengths is distinguished by the fact that it includes the spherical mirror, the set of lenses, the photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes and located on the main optical axis symmetrically on both sides of the holographic concentrator, and the heat receiver is installed at the place of focused infrared radiation.
- 8. The solar photovoltaic array with the diffracting holographic optical element which is the concentrator and dispersing element containing the photo receivers for all wavelengths is distinguished by the fact that it includes the case with installed input Fresnel lens and the spherical mirror of a larger diameter than the input lens, two sets of lenses are installed symmetrically on both sides of the holographic concentrator. The holographic concentrator is installed on the main optical axis of the input lens and mirror, the battery case is covered with the transparent cover, the photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes and installed on the main optical axis symmetrically on both sides of the holographic concentrator, and the heat receiver is installed at the place of focused infrared radiation.
- 9. The solar photovoltaic array with the diffracting holographic optical element which is the concentrator and dispersing element containing the photo receivers for all wavelengths is distinguished by the fact that it includes the installed Fresnel lens or ordinary lens, the set of lenses, the photocells are made in the form of corrugated tubes and installed on the main optical axis between the set of lenses and the holographic concentrator. The photocells are made in the form of rings and located behind the holographic concentrator. The heat receiver is installed at the place of focused infrared radiation.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KZ2016/0194.1 | 2016-02-22 | ||
| KZ20160194 | 2016-02-22 | ||
| PCT/KZ2016/000007 WO2017146557A1 (en) | 2016-02-22 | 2016-05-24 | Solar photoelectric cell (variants) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2016393722A1 true AU2016393722A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2016393722A Abandoned AU2016393722A1 (en) | 2016-02-22 | 2016-05-24 | Solar photoelectric cell (variants) |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2016393722A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017146557A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021066636A1 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Николай Садвакасович Буктуков | Solar photovoltaic battery (variants) |
| DE102021101210B4 (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2023-11-09 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Device for regulating temperature by conducting radiation, motor vehicle therewith and method therefor |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1855651A (en) * | 1928-08-06 | 1932-04-26 | Robert S Roberson | Combined spirit level and indicator |
| SU901818A2 (en) * | 1980-06-03 | 1982-01-30 | Войсковая часть 51105 | Pickup of object tilt angle in two mutually perpendicular planes |
| SU1157352A1 (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1985-05-23 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4736 | Object tilt angle transmitter |
| US6568092B1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2003-05-27 | Ward William Brien | Angle cosine indicator |
| RU2512651C2 (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-04-10 | Сергей Михайлович Добрынин | Device for measurement of angle of deviation from horizontal line |
-
2016
- 2016-05-24 AU AU2016393722A patent/AU2016393722A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-05-24 WO PCT/KZ2016/000007 patent/WO2017146557A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017146557A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
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