AU2016263370B2 - A wind turbine and a wind turbine blade - Google Patents

A wind turbine and a wind turbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2016263370B2
AU2016263370B2 AU2016263370A AU2016263370A AU2016263370B2 AU 2016263370 B2 AU2016263370 B2 AU 2016263370B2 AU 2016263370 A AU2016263370 A AU 2016263370A AU 2016263370 A AU2016263370 A AU 2016263370A AU 2016263370 B2 AU2016263370 B2 AU 2016263370B2
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Australia
Prior art keywords
shell
rod
section
hole
wind turbine
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AU2016263370A1 (en
Inventor
Find Mølholt JENSEN
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Bladena APS
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Bladena APS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A wind turbine blade, comprising: a shell with an aerodynamic profile forming an outer surface on the suction side and the pressure side of the blade, and at least one reinforcing member comprises a rod (9) having a largest cross section between the first (11) and the second (12) end of the rod (9) and is extending in the internal space (7) and with its longitudinal direction between the suction side (3) and the pres- sure side (4) in the internal space, and where the shell (2) has a first through hole (10) on the suction or the pressure side of the blade (1), the first through hole (10) having a smallest cross section being larger than the largest cross section of the rod (9), and where the rod (9) has a first head (14) arranged on the first end (11), the first head (14) having a cross section being larger than the smallest cross section of the first through hole (10) and is attached to the outer surface of the shell (2), and where the rod (9) extends from the first head (14) and into the internal space (7) via the first through hole (10), and where the second end (12) of the rod (9) is attached to a second through hole (17) in the shell (2) by a screw (15) having a second head (16) resting against the outer surface of the shell (2), and a threaded shank extending through the second through hole (17) in the shell (2) and being screw connected with the second end (12) of the rod (9).

Description

Title:
A wind turbine and a wind turbine blade. The prior art:
The present invention relates to a wind turbine, and especially to a wind turbine blade, comprising a shell with an aerodynamic profile forming a suction side and a pressure side of the blade, the suction side and the pressure side being separated by a leading edge and a trailing edge defined by the direction by which the blade moves through space during normal operation, and a number of elongated reinforcing members connected to the shell for increasing the strength of the blade, each of the at least one elongated reinforcing members having a first end and a second end and extending between the first end and the second end, and where the first end is connected to the suction side of the shell and the second end is connected to the pressure side of the shell thereby preventing deformation of the shell.
Various embodiments of reinforcing elements of the above mentioned kind has been proposed for the purpose of reinforcing wind turbine blades.
The object of the invention:
On this background it is the purpose of the present invention to provide a wind turbine blade and a wind turbine with reinforcing elements being easier to mount to an existing wind turbine blade than the reinforcing elements according to prior art.
According to the present invention this is obtained by a wind turbine blade according to claim 1 , allowing that the reinforcing members may be mounted, e.g. retrofitted, from outside the aerodynamic profile. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the first head on the rod is formed by a screw, further having a threaded shank extending through the first through hole and being screw connected with the first end of the rod.
Furthermore the second through hole may advantageously have a cross section being smaller than the cross section of the second end of the rod, and the cross section of the shank on the screw with the second head may be slightly smaller than the cross section of the second through hole, so that the second end of the rod may be adapted to rest against the inner surface of the aerodynamic profile.
The first and/or the second head may advantageously be adhered or glued to the outer surface of the shell.
In a further preferred embodiment the first and the second through holes are circular cylindrical and has a cross section that increases in the direction away from the internal space of the blade, and the first and the second head both has a complementary cross section that increases in the direction away from the internal space of the blade, so that the first and second heads fits snuggly with the cross section of the through holes.
In this relation the increasing cross section of the through holes and the heads may preferably be conical.
According to the invention a method of installing the elongated reinforcing members in a wind turbine blade according to one or more of the preceding claims is also provided, the method comprising the steps of: providing the first and the second through hole in the suction and the pressure side of the shell at opposing positions at the shell; inserting the rod through the first through hole so that the first head rests against outer surface of the shell; positioning the second end of the rod in front of the second through hole; screw connecting the screw with the second head to the second end of the rod. The drawing:
In the following one or more embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail and with reference to the drawing, where: Fig. 1 : Is a principle sketch, showing a cross section of a wind turbine blade according to the invention at a position where a reinforcing member is arranged, as well as an exploded view of a detail of the wind turbine blade, with the reinforcing member. Fig. 2: Is a principle sketch, showing a cross section of the same wind turbine blade as shown in fig. 1 at a position where a reinforcing member is arranged, as well as an increased view of a detail of the wind turbine blade, with the reinforcing member in an assembled state.
Description of exemplary embodiments:
Fig. 1 and 2 shows the same cross section through a wind turbine blade 1 having a shell 2 forming an aerodynamic profile with a suction side 3 and a pressure side 4 being separated by a traling edge 5 and a leading edge 6 defined by the direction by which the wind turbine blade travels through space in the normal use of the blade.
The shell thereby encloses an internal space 7, and a number of girders may, or may not, be arranged in the internal space for providing stiffness to the wind turbine blade.
In order to further reduce deformations on the shell 2 of the wind turbine blade 1 , a reinforcing member is according to the invention mounted so that it extends between the suction side 3 and the pressure side 4 of the wind turbine blade 1 .
According to the invention the reinforcing member comprises a rod 9 extending between the suction side 3 and the pressure side 4 of the wind turbine blade 1 , and in the preferred embodiment a through hole 10 having a smallest cross section being smaller than the largest cross section of the rod 9, so that the rod can be inserted into the internal space 7 through the through hole 10 as shown in the exploded view of the reinforcing member in figure 1. In this embodiment a first end 1 1 rod 9 is attached to the suction side 3 by means of a first screw 13 having a conical screw head 14, and the second end 12 of the rod 9 is attached to the pressure side 4 by means of a second screw 15 having a second conical head 16 and extending through a second through hole 17 on the pressure side 4. As shown in the figures the second through hole 17 may have a smallest cross section being smaller than the cross section at the second end 12 of the rod 9, so that the second end 12 of the rod 9 rests against the inside of the shell 2 in the assembled state of the reinforcing member. In the assembled state the first and second screws are preferably adhered or glued to the shell 2, so that the reinforcing member provides resistance against both compression and tension forces acting on the rod 9 due to deformations of the shell 2.
The present invention may be used in connection with reinforcing different embodiments of wind turbine blades, but it is especially advantageous in relation to reinforcing long and slender wind turbine blades, such as the ones disclosed below. In such wind turbine blades the reinforcing members according to the invention may be used at any place where reinforcement is required providing resistance against both compression and tension forces acting on the rod 9, but it is especially advantageous for mounting in the distal end of the wind turbine blade, where it is otherwise very difficult to access.
The reinforcing member according to the invention may therefore be used as an alternative to the reinforcing members requiring access to the internal space in the aerodynamic profile, such as those embodiments shown on figure 17, 19 and 20 and drawing 2 and 3 below in this description.
Such wind turbine blades are subjected to bending will cause it to deflect in the direction of the load along the neutral axis. Wind turbine blades are flexi- ble structures and the deflection of the blade can introduce deformations of the aerodynamic profile. Wind turbine blades experience large edgewise deflections, bending and vibrations during operation and stand-still/parked mode, which are caused by the aerodynamic loads acting on the blade and the gravitational load caused by the weight of the blade. Due to the alternat- ing gravitational load acting on the blade as the turbine operates, deformations of the panels will occur in the mid span of the blade, see Figure 1 a.
Figure la
In the mid-third section of the blade, the aerodynamic profile deform, as
The deformations occurs particularly the trailing edge panels.
These deformations of the aerodynamic profile causes buckles in the trailing edge panels along the length of the blade, as shown in Figure 4a with dotted lines. The buckles can cause transverse cracks to appear.
Figu
The deformations are shown along the blade as seen in Figure 5a.
Figure 5a: Relative displacement of trailing edge panels under normal operation conditions
Figure 6a: Finite Element simulation showing the trailing edge panel buckles
In Figure 6a with red/yellow and dark blue it is shown the buckling the behav- ior of trailing edge blades.
Blade radius [m]
Figure 7a: Trailing edge panels waving/buckles under high loading
The phenomenon shown in Figure 7a is the relative displacement of the trailing edge panels and it takes places on the blade as shown in Figure 8a with the black line.
Figure 8a
Having a relative displacement pattern as shown in Figure 7a will bend the panels and will create premises for transverse cracks.
The idea here is to make the bending pattern as smooth as possible, meaning that the peaks should be removed, see Figure 7a green triangles area. This is done by inserting reinforcement devices that can take compression, see Figure 9a.
Blade radius [m]
Figure 9a: Reinforcement devices that can take only compression In the max chord area, when one should remove a certain percentage of the core material in order to save cost the trailing edge panels will buckle as
ing elements that can take compression only.
Similar to the mid span section case, removing the peaks will cause the panels to be less subjected to bending. In this case, ine the max chord area, however a combination of stiffening elements that can take only compression and stiffening elements that can take only tension is required, see Figure 10a.
• Foam material
The main material used when manufacturing blades is mainly glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP). This is sometimes referred as compo- site material. Different parts of the blades have different types and layups of GFRP. In the trailing edge the panels are constructed by a so called sandwich structure made out of GFRP and a core, see Figure 1 1 .
Figure 11a: Sandwich structure components
A sandwich-structured composite is a special class of composite ma
terials that is fabricated by attaching two thin but stiff skins to a lightweight but thick core. The core material is normally low strength material, but its higher thickness provides the sandwich composite with high bending stiffness with overall low density.
For wind turbine blades in the mid span section the trailing edge panels are subjected to bending. The proposed D-Stiffener will lower the magnitude of bending, therefore the core material thickness can be decreased while maintaining the same properties.
Aerodynamic input
Aerodynamic profiles are special geometric shapes that when subjected to flow, will generate two forces: lift and drag, see Figure 12.
Figure 12a: Aerodynamic profile subjected to the flow. L-lift force; D- drag force
The lift force is the force that gives the wind turbine blade the power. In general when blades are designed the aerodynamic profiles used are not considered to deform when the blade is in operation. However this is not true, see Figure 2a. Wind turbine blades generate most of the power in the mid span section towards the tip. Due to the altered overall shape of the profiles the power curve may be different in the field from what the designer has thought of.
Using the D-Stiffener will prevent the profiles to bend hence the aerodynamic profiles will keep their original shape.
1 Solution / patent / idea
The solution to this problem is to minimize the displacement of the trailing edge panels by inserting stiffening elements between the suction side and pressure side panels. This can be achieved by different means of retrofitting
The stiffening device can be both retrofitted and installed during the manufacturing process.
2 More on the panel waving
2.1 Casel - Trailing edge panels only local waving
gure 1 a
Under loading, the trailing edge panels will deform inwards. This means the panels are in compression however with small variations due to the longitudinal waving. Case 3 - Trailing edge panels global tension
Figure 15a
Under loading, the trailing edge panels will deform outwards. This means the panels are in tension however with small variations due to the longitudinal waving. 3 Solutions 3.1 Option 1
The solution consists of two inserts mounted in the core material of the aerodynamic profile and a stiffening element installed between the two inserts. The two inserts are fastened to the aerodynamic profile by means of either adhesive or mechanical fastening. The stiffening element is attached to each of the inserts, in a manner so the stiffening element is in compression between the two inserts.
figure 16a - Option 1
3.2 Option 2
The solution consists of an insert mounted to the aerodynamic profile and a stiffening element. The insert is fastened to the aerodynamic profile by means of either adhesive or mechanical fastening. The stiffening element is attached to the insert with a mechanical connection, which allows adjustment of the position of the stiffening element. The position of the stiffening element can be adjusted so that the element is in compression between the insert and opposite aerodynamic profile shell.
figure 17a - Option 2
3.3 Option 3
The solution consists of two inserts and a stiffening element. The inserts are introduced through holes in the aerodynamic profile. On the inside of the aerodynamic profile the inserts have an expansion mechanism, which when expanded prevents the inserts from being pushed out. The stiffening element is attached to each of the inserts in a manner so the stiffening element is in compression between the two inserts.
figure 18a - Opt
3.4 Option 4 The solution consists of two inserts and a stiffening element. The inserts are introduced through holes in the aerodynamic profile. On the inside of the aerodynamic profile the inserts have an expansion mechanism, which when expanded prevents the inserts from being pushed out. The stiffening element is attached to each of the inserts, in a manner so the stiffening element is in compression between the two inserts.
figure 19a - Option 4
figure 20a is showing a possible configuration of the inserts used for option 4. The insert illustrated in the non-expanded and expanded state.
figu 3.5 Option 5
The solution consists of a string and a rod stiffening element. The string is installed in the trailing edge panels of the aerodynamic profile (drawing 1 ). Before the tension is applied to the string, a rod stiffening element e.g. a tube of stiff material is installed around the string. Using a long slender device to pull the string from the inside of the blade, one can pull a loop of the string down towards the root section of the blade, where a service technician can install the rod stiffening element onto the string. When the rod stiffening element is installed on the string, the string is pulled from the outside of the blade, hence the stiffening element is being pulled in to position (drawing 2). Once the stiffening element is in position tension is applied to the string. The tension of the string will deform the trailing edge panels of the aerodynamic profile inward so that the rod stiffening element is in compression between the trailing edge panels (drawing 3).
Drawing 1
Drawing 2
Drawing 3

Claims (1)

  1. Claims:
    A wind turbine blade, comprising:
    a shell with an aerodynamic profile forming an outer surface on the suction side and the pressure side of the blade respectively and an internal space in the blade, the suction side and the pressure side being separated by a leading edge and a trailing edge defined by the direction by which the blade moves through space during normal operation, and where the wind turbine blade further comprises a number of elongated reinforcing members connected to the shell for increasing the strength of the blade, each of the at least one elongated reinforcing members having a first end and a second end and extending between the first end and the second end, and where one end is connected to the suction side of the shell and the other end is connected to the pressure side of the shell thereby preventing deformation of the shell, and where at least some of the elongated reinforcing members are adapted for both resisting compression and tension forces, wherein the reinforcing members comprises a rod having a largest cross section between the first and the second end of the rod and is extending in the internal space and with its longitudinal direction between the suction side and the pressure side in the internal space, and where the shell has a first through hole on the suction or the pressure side of the blade, the first through hole having a smallest cross section being larger than the largest cross section of the rod, and where the rod has a first head arranged on the first end, the first head having a cross section being larger than the smallest cross section of the first through hole and is attached to the outer surface of the shell, and where the rod extends from the first head and into the internal space via the first through hole, and where the second end of the rod is attached to the second through hole in the shell by a screw having a second head resting against the outer surface of the shell, and a threaded shank extending through the second through hole in the shell and being screw connected with the second end of the rod.
    A wind turbine blade according to claim 1 , wherein the first head on the rod is formed by a screw, further having a threaded shank extending through the first through hole and being screw connected with the first end of the rod.
    A wind turbine blade according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second through hole has a cross section being smaller than the cross section of the second end of the rod, and the cross section of the shank on the screw with the second head is slightly smaller than the cross section of the second through hole.
    A wind turbine blade according to claiml , 2 or 3, wherein the first head is adhered or glued to the outer surface of the shell.
    A wind turbine blade according to claim 4, wherein the second head is adhered or glued to the outer surface of the shell.
    A wind turbine blade according to one or more of the claim 5, wherein the first and the second through holes are circular cylindrical and has a cross section that increases in the direction away from the internal space of the blade, and where the first and the second head both has a complementary cross section that increases in the direction away from the internal space of the blade.
    7. A wind turbine according to claim 7, where the increasing cross section of the through holes and the heads are conical.
    8. A method of installing the elongated reinforcing members in a wind turbine blade according to one or more of the preceding claims, the method comprising the steps of: providing the first and the second through hole in the suction and the pressure side of the shell at opposing positions at the shell; inserting the rod through the first through hole so that the first head rests against outer surface of the shell; positioning the second end of the rod in front of the second through hole; screw connecting the screw with the second head to the second end of the rod.
AU2016263370A 2015-05-20 2016-05-20 A wind turbine and a wind turbine blade Active AU2016263370B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201570298 2015-05-20
DKPA201570298 2015-05-20
DKPA201570689 2015-10-23
DKPA201570689 2015-10-23
PCT/DK2016/050137 WO2016184475A1 (en) 2015-05-20 2016-05-20 A wind turbine and a wind turbine blade

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AU2016263370A1 AU2016263370A1 (en) 2018-01-18
AU2016263370B2 true AU2016263370B2 (en) 2020-07-23

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EP (1) EP3298269B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2018514707A (en)
CN (1) CN107873070B (en)
AU (1) AU2016263370B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112017024679B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2985530A1 (en)
DK (1) DK3298269T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2779753T3 (en)
PT (1) PT3298269T (en)
WO (1) WO2016184475A1 (en)

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EP2304228A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2011-04-06 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet A reinforced wind turbine blade
US20110243736A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2011-10-06 General Electric Company Joint sleeve for a rotor blade assembly of a wind turbine

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JP5726860B2 (en) 2011-12-09 2015-06-03 三菱重工業株式会社 Windmill wing
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4373309A (en) * 1978-09-11 1983-02-15 Gelu Reutlinger Steinwerk Gerhard Lutz Gmbh Supporting bolt
EP2304228A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2011-04-06 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet A reinforced wind turbine blade
US8807953B2 (en) * 2008-06-24 2014-08-19 Bladena Aps Reinforced wind turbine blade
US20110243736A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2011-10-06 General Electric Company Joint sleeve for a rotor blade assembly of a wind turbine

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DK3298269T3 (en) 2020-03-23
ES2779753T3 (en) 2020-08-19
CA2985530A1 (en) 2016-11-24
US20180156191A1 (en) 2018-06-07
WO2016184475A1 (en) 2016-11-24
JP2018514707A (en) 2018-06-07
CN107873070A (en) 2018-04-03
CN107873070B (en) 2020-11-03
PT3298269T (en) 2020-03-26
EP3298269A1 (en) 2018-03-28
BR112017024679B1 (en) 2022-10-25
US10590910B2 (en) 2020-03-17
EP3298269B1 (en) 2020-01-29
BR112017024679A2 (en) 2018-07-24
AU2016263370A1 (en) 2018-01-18

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