AU2016244341B2 - Modified window detail - Google Patents

Abstract

Described herein is a modified window detail, the detail comprising a design that avoids the use of many art products and is sealed almost immediately on installation plus it can be removed post install if needed with minimal disassembly. In one aspect the window detail comprises a four sided box perimeter inserted in a building wall structure wherein the box perimeter supports the window joinery therein; an elastomer based building wrap applied to at least the external facing surfaces of the box perimeter, forming a resilient barrier layer over at least the external facing surfaces of the box perimeter; and wherein the elastomer based building wrap is applied as a liquid or semi-liquid and which subsequently dries in-situ to form the resilient barrier layer wherein the resilient barrier layer is moisture impermeable and substantially air permeable. Methods of forming the window detail are also described. 21 5k) N t it N N N.. N .2 N ,/) N ~ t I V 4'~.<, ., / ~ 7 ¾ ~ 74 N ~W"~N'~..i N 1* N '~r..v ""N "'>"' 'N C) '~N it... ~ N A N.%N.. C, ~ 4 >QN. ' C, N.> >k~'ZN.' ft N,, '~ 4' Nv~'.N.½. N N.S~..' "1 r FIGURE 1 1/14

Description

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MODIFIED WINDOW DETAIL TECHNICAL FIELD

Described herein is a modified window detail. More specifically, the window weathering details and methods of installation described avoid the use of many traditional art materials and construction items whilst also allowing for sealing of the window immediately following installation, and optionally, the ability to remove and replace the windows post installation.

BACKGROUNDART

Existing window details utilise many materials and techniques in order to securely fix and weatherproof the window; ensure the external perimeter of the window is flashed and air sealed; and to provide drainage paths for moisture that penetrates the external envelope escape to the exterior.

One aspect of existing art detailing and methods of installation is that they include a wide range of materials and parts to form the detail. As may be appreciated, detail and methods that might reduce the number of materials and parts needed may be of benefit.

A further aspect is that existing art window detail and methods may not be removable once assembled. This means that any amendments or changes/upgrading of the window detail cannot be addressed post installation without removing the cladding or cutting the cladding around the window to release it.

Further, art window details and methods may not provide a weathertight seal around the window immediately following installation - sealing is completed sometime post installation preventing interior work that must be kept dry from commencing immediately following the window/door installation.

It may be appreciated that addressing some or all of the above issues may be of benefit or at least provide the public with a choice.

Further aspects and advantages of the process and product will become apparent from the ensuing description that is given by way of example only.

SUMMARY

Described herein is a modified window detail, the detail comprising a design that avoids the use of many art products and is sealed almost immediately on installation plus it can be removed post install if needed with minimal disassembly.

In a first aspect there is provided a window detail comprising:

a four sided box perimeter inserted in a building wall structure wherein the box perimeter supports the window joinery therein; an elastomer based building wrap applied to at least the external facing surfaces of the box perimeter, forming a resilient barrier layer over at least the external facing surfaces of the box perimeter; and wherein the elastomer based building wrap is applied as a liquid or semi-liquid and which subsequently dries in-situ to form the resilient barrier layer wherein the resilient barrier layer is moisture impermeable and substantially air permeable.

In a second aspect, there is provided a method of forming a window detail substantially as hereinbefore described.

Advantages of the above includes the avoidance of materials typically used in art window details including for example window opening flexible flashing tapes, rigid air barrier seal tapes, building papers, uPVC flashings, and aluminium support bars (e.g. WANZ bars). This may lead to potentially rapid installation, immediate sealing on installation and the ability to easily remove the window post installation should this be necessary. Other key window detail aspects such as strength and providing for condensation egress and window mitre leak egress are also provided for.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further aspects of the window detail will become apparent from the following description that is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 illustrates a simplified isometric view of one embodiment of a box structure and its relationship to a light timber or steel framed external building wall, rigid backing and cavity battens;

Figure 2 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a recessed aluminium window sill detail using modified plaster as the cladding;

Figure 3 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a recessed aluminium window head detail using modified plaster as the cladding;

Figure 4 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a recessed aluminium window jamb detail using modified plaster as the cladding;

Figure 5 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a flush fixed (face mounted) aluminium window head (top) and sill (bottom) detail using modified plaster as the cladding;

Figure 6 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a recessed window sill using an aerated concrete or External Insulation Finish System (EIFS or polystyrene panel or Aerated Concrete Panel (ACP)) as the cladding;

Figure 7 illustrates a detail cross-section view of an aluminium window head using weatherboard as the cladding;

Figure 8 illustrates an alternative detail cross-section view of a recessed aluminium window jamb using weatherboard as the cladding;

Figure 9 illustrates an alternative detail cross-section view of a recessed aluminium window detail sill using modified plaster and a direct fixed cladding system (no cavity battens);

Figure 10 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a flush fixed aluminium window jamb using weatherboard as the cladding;

Figure 11 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a flush fixed aluminium window jamb using weatherboard as the cladding;

Figure 12 illustrates a detail cross-section view of an alternative flush fixed window sill detail using weatherboard as the cladding;

Figure 13 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a recessed aluminium window sill using brick veneer as the cladding; and

Figure 14 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a flush fixed aluminium window head using brick veneer as the cladding.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As noted above, described herein is a modified window detail, the detail comprising a design that avoids the use of many art products and is sealed almost immediately on installation plus can be removed post install if needed with minimal disassembly.

For the purposes of this specification, the term 'about' or 'approximately' and grammatical variations thereof mean a quantity, level, degree, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length that varies by as much as 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1% to a reference quantity, level, degree, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length.

The term 'substantially' or grammatical variations thereof refers to at least about 50%, for example 75%, 85%, 95% or 98%.

The term 'comprise' and grammatical variations thereof shall have an inclusive meaning - i.e. that it will be taken to mean an inclusion of not only the listed components it directly references, but also other non-specified components or elements.

The term 'window' and grammatical variations thereof as used herein refers to an opening in a building structure that allows passage of light. The window may be integrated into a door and use of the word window also incorporates doors.

In a first aspect there is provided a window detail comprising:

a four sided box perimeter inserted in a building wall structure wherein the box perimeter supports the window joinery therein;

an elastomer based building wrap applied to at least the external facing surfaces of the box perimeter, forming a resilient barrier layer over at least the external facing surfaces of the box perimeter; and

wherein the elastomer based building wrap is applied as a liquid or semi-liquid and which subsequently dries in-situ to form the resilient barrier layer wherein the resilient barrier layer is moisture impermeable and substantially air permeable.

The external facing surfaces comprise: at least part of a window flashing system, at least part of the outer facing surfaces of the box perimeter, at least one window reveal, and combinations thereof.

The box perimeter may be manufactured from at least one elongated slat that is:

(a) sufficiently wide to support the joinery and window depth; and (b) sufficiently long to suit the window height and/or width; and (c) sufficiently wide to accommodate the selected exterior cladding type and the depth of the wall framing.

The box perimeter may be manufactured from materials selected from: fibre cement, fibre cement like materials including mineral composite or homogenous board, plywood, timber, and combinations thereof. As may be appreciated, the window detail described herein is versatile in that it can be used with a variety of materials and is not material specific.

The box perimeter structure may be linked to the window joinery via at least one fastener. The fastener may be at least one screw. In one embodiment, the at least one fastener may pass through an internal reveal mated to the joinery and into at least part of the box perimeter. The at least one fastener may for example pass through a window head, a window sill, and/or window jamb reveals and, in turn, into a corresponding head, sill or jamb element of the box perimeter structure and into the structural framing surrounding the exterior joinery unit.

In the event of window/door removal post installation, a sealant bead located around the perimeter of the window/door may be cut to facilitate removal and then new sealant applied at least about the joinery intersection with the box perimeter and/or cladding when the window is re-fitted or new window fitted. This allows easy removal and replacement or maintenance without significant damage and re working needed on the window detail. In the inventor's experience art methods either cannot be removed and replaced in this manner or at least not removed and replaced in such as easy manner as this.

The box perimeter may be made of a single layer of material. Alternatively, the box perimeter may be made up of two or more layers of material, for example to provide primary and secondary external reveals. Where two layers are used, the secondary reveal may be inset relative to the primary reveal.

The box perimeter head and sill elements may be angled relative to a horizontal plane to suit the wall opening shape, design and cladding type. A window frame that protrudes from the wall opening may have the head and sill angled to encourage water movement down and away from the building structure. In one embodiment the angle may be at least 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, or 9, or 10 degrees relative to a horizontal plane.

As noted above, the box perimeter may be set against or about an air barrier. Air barriers in the art are typically rigid panels that form a solid surface on which other (typically internal) wall parts, e.g. cavity battens, may be fixed or placed. The air barrier may be fixed to at least one internal framing stud(s). By contrast, the building wrap described herein is a liquid or semi-solid prior to application. In the liquid or semi-solid form, the building wrap may be troweled, broad knifed, sprayed, rolled or brushed onto the surface to which it is to be applied. The building wrap dries to a thin elastomeric skin bonded to the substrate to which it is applied. Terms including 'thin' or 'skin' as used in this context refer to a coating that is substantially continuous and homogenous with a thickness of less than 5mm, or 4mm, or 3mm, or 2mm, or 1mm. Drying may occur due to a chemical reaction between the building wrap and exposure to air or other chemical trigger. The term liquid or semi-liquid in the context of the building wrap prior to drying refers to a viscosity ranging from of 0.5 to 100000 centipoise (cP)at 20°C. The viscosity may range from 0.5 to 5cP at 20°C. The viscosity may range from 1 to 10cP at 20°C. The viscosity may range from 1 to 50000cP at 20°C. The viscosity may range from 1 to 5000cP at 20°C. The viscosity may range from 1 to 3000cP at 20°C. The liquid or semi-liquid may have varying fluid properties and not necessarily limited to Newtonian fluid properties.

In the inventor's experience the wrap once dry 'breathes' or is vapour permeable in that air or other moisture vapour may pass, at least to some extent, through the wrap but the wrap is almost completely impermeable to liquid moisture e.g. water. The elastomeric nature of the wrap may be highly advantageous since the wrap can cope with movement yet retain the desired impermeability unlike art rigid barriers. The elastomeric nature of the wrap may also be beneficial since fixings may optionally be passed through the wrap and yet the wrap maintains its integrity since the wrap closes around the fixing to form the desired seal. In addition, application of cladding over the liquid wrap also does not appear to alter the impermeability of the liquid wrap in the inventor's experience. 2 In one embodiment, the building wrap may have an air permeability once dry of at least 0.01 L/s.m at 75Pa based on the ASTM E-2357 test method. The air permeability once dry may be approximately 2 0.016 L/s.m2. As may be appreciated, this degree of permeability is significant and allows breathing or air transfer through the building wrap.

The building wrap may be fibre reinforced. For example, in the context of an elastomer based building wrap, fibre reinforcement may be achieved using fibres embedded in the elastomer. The fibres may be woven or non-woven. As may be appreciated, fibre reinforcement may be useful to alter wrap properties such as strength, avoidance of tearing or localised failure, ductility, flexibility and so on.

Water penetration through the building wrap once applied as a liquid and dried may be approximately zero. In the inventor's experience, a building wrap such as that described may be selected to retain a water permeability of approximately zero even after UV exposure, heat aging, structural pressure loading and cyclic pressure loading. The liquid building wrap may be water based although this is not essential.

With the above noted wrap properties, the inventor envisages that cavity battens or other internal moisture management systems may not be essential. As noted above, the inventor has found that by creating a liquid building wrap layer over the window detail exterior, a liquid moisture impermeable surface is provided. Given this property it is possible to avoid the cost of cavities or other moisture management systems and directly apply the cladding to the rigid air barrier. Despite this, existing convention is to use a cavity system or other moisture management system and hence the inventor has devised various cavity batten systems if only to ease market acceptance of the detail described herein.

In one embodiment, cavity battens may be located around the exterior of the box perimeter. The sill cavity batten may be discontinuous - that is the batten has a break or breaks along the horizontal plane length. This may be useful in order to allow moisture paths. The head cavity batten may lie in a horizontal plane across the box perimeter head. The head cavity batten may have a sloped upper edge profile to direct any moisture to either side of the box perimeter. The head cavity batten may extend beyond the box perimeter to form a drip edge for moisture path. Where used, the head cavity batten/flashing may be sealed to the rear face of the rigid backing to prevent water passing between the outer face of the cavity batten and the rear face of the rigid backing and to provide the substrate support for the selected cladding.

Various packing elements may be used about the box structure to assist with support of the window joinery, window reveals and other window elements. The size, shape and even requirement for packers may be dependent of the joinery type and brand used - for example, different shaped aluminium extrusions proprietary to each manufacturer exist on the market, each potentially requiring slightly different packing elements so as to ensure secure retention and structural support in the box perimeter.

External building cladding may be applied over the window detail described above. The external cladding may be selected from: modified plaster, weatherboard, polystyrene sheet, aerated concrete or fibre cement sheet panel based claddings, and combinations thereof. Where the cladding is modified plaster, the plaster cladding may be applied over the liquid building wrap layer(s). The modified plaster layer may comprise a rigid backing that abuts the outside of the box perimeter. The front edge of the box may be in the same plane as the front face of a modified plaster base coat

The windows described herein may be flush or recessed using same/similar techniques. For example, different window alignments may be achieved using a slightly modified packer and/or box arrangement.

The sill may include a drainage path for condensation or liquid water (e.g. leaking window mitres). This may be useful as it is protected from driving water and air pressure.

As noted above, the detail may include drainage paths. A seal or seals may be used along or about the drainage paths to ensure moisture egress and avoidance of moisture entering unwanted areas. Such seals may be located at the outer face of the cladding.

The box structure reveal(s) if used may include at least one reinforcement element or elements. One example of a reinforcement element may be a uPVC corner mould that fits over the box perimeter sill reveal. In a plaster cladding embodiment, the uPVC corner mould may be plastered over. An alternative weathering element may be a powder coated head flashing in one example located beneath or above the head of the box perimeter primary reveal so as to direct external moisture away from the internal window detail.

In a second aspect, there is provided a method of forming a window detail substantially as hereinbefore described.

Advantages of the above detail include the avoidance of materials typically used in art window details, some examples including a reduction or removal of metal flashings or uPVC jamb, head and sill flashings, aluminium support bars, window and door opening seal tapes and building wraps. Further venting strips above openings may be avoided. In the inventor's experience, the detail described may potentially allow for faster installation than existing methods with superior weathertightness. Further, the detail described is sealed on installation yet the window detail can be removed and re-fitted post install and cladding completion should this be necessary. Other key window detail aspects such as strength, air flow and providing for condensation egress if necessary are also provided for.

The embodiments described above may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features.

Further, where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which the embodiments relate, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as of individually set forth.

WORKING EXAMPLES

The above described window detail is now described by reference to specific examples.

EXAMPLE 1

Figure 1 illustrates a simplified isometric view of one embodiment of a box structure window detail 1 and its relationship to an exterior building wall. The window detail 1 comprises a box perimeter structure 2 fixed to a rigid air barrier 5a that may have cavity battens thereon 5b and in turn to wall studs 4 on the building interior. The box structure 2 in the embodiment shown is made up of two layers (but may be one single layer), a primary reveal 6 and a secondary reveal 7. The window joinery and glass (not shown) fit inside and are supported by the box structure 2. In the embodiment shown, cavities are used to allow for a moisture path 3 in the event that moisture passes through the exterior cladding (not shown) or for condensation management due to moisture vapour passing through the liquid building wrap layer. The box perimeter structure 2 in the embodiment shown allows for drainage of condensation and window mitre leaks through the sill of the perimeter box into the cavity below. Existing convention requires the presence of cavities and hence designs incorporating cavities may be desirable if only for market acceptance; however, Figure 9 illustrates a direct fix detail that deletes the need for a cavity. Figure 1 illustrates one possible condensation/liquid moisture flow path 3, moving down the cavities from above the window until the moisture reaches a sloping cavity batten (upper batten) 8 placed in a horizontal plane above the box structure 2. The upper batten 8 has a sloped top surface and is waterproof sealed to rear face of the rigid backing sheet. Moisture therefore is conveyed via gravity sideways along the sloped surface to run down the slope to the sides of the box structure 2 and out the bottom of the cavity. The upper batten 8 may overhang the box structure 2 as shown to provide a drip edge path beyond outside edge of the box structure 2.

EXAMPLE 2

Figures 2-4 illustrate cross section views of various window detail embodiments 10, 50, 80 where the window is recessed and the building exterior is clad in a modified plaster.

Referring to Figure 2, a modified plaster sill detail 10 is shown. The detail comprises an aluminium joinery extrusion 11, adhesive 12, and a jamb reveal 13. A packer 14 is located between the joinery 11 and the box perimeter in the example shown being a fibre cement or similar material 16. A packer 15 is also used between the box perimeter 16 and the reveal 13. A fastener 17 may be inserted through the reveal 13, packer 15, box perimeter 16 and into a surrounding structural element so as to fix in place the window structure 10. Sealant seal 20 may is installed around the perimeter of the window to weatherproof the intersection between the window edge and the box. A plaster board lining 18 and jack stud 19 complete the internal detail structure. Building wrap 21 is located around the box perimeter 16 and between a rigid air barrier 22 and cavity batten 23. The exterior cladding in the example shown is a mix of a rigid backing 24, a modified plaster base coat 25, a modified plaster mesh coat 26, reinforcing mesh 27 and a uPVC corner mould finally completed with a paint and texture coating 29. An air seal 30 may also be used.

Figure 3 shows a modified plaster head detail 50 comprising aluminium exterior joinery 51, a head reveal 52, sealant air seals 53, a plasterboard lining 54 and a box perimeter described by plywood timber, fibre cement sheet or similar materials 55. A sloped packer 56 may be used between the box perimeter 55 and lintel 58 and a fastener 57 located between these items. The window exterior may comprise a rigid air barrier 59 and building wrap layer 73 marked in black line in Figure 3 that wraps from the rigid air barrier, over a sloped cavity batten 61and below drainage and ventilation gap 60, around the box perimeter boards 55 and joinery 51 and packer 64. A head flashing fastener 62 may be used. Sealant 63 may also be used. The exterior may also use a flashing 65, adhesive 66, paint and texture coating 67, a uPVC corner moulding 68, sealant 70, sealant seal or double sided tape 71. A modified plaster base coat 72 is applied.

Figure 4 shows a modified plasterjamb detail 80. The detail 80 comprises aluminium joinery 81, liquid wrap 81 shown in a darker line, a uPVC corner moulding 83, an exterior paint or texture coat 84, a mesh coat 85, a base coat 86, a rigid backing 87, cavity battens 88, a rigid air barrier 89, framing 90, a box perimeter made of fibre cement sheet or similar material, composite or homogenous board 91, a fastener 92 to retain the window detail to the building structure, a plaster board lining 93, a packer 94, an air seal 95 and a jamb reveal 96.

EXAMPLE 3

Figure 5 illustrates a detail cross-section view of similar modified plaster clad window detail (head and sill) 100 however with a flush window detail. As can be seen, the window flange is flush with the exterior cladding as opposed to being recessed; this flush mounted window install can be achieved using the same basic parts and techniques. In more details, the modified plaster detail (flush mount) 100 comprises aluminium joinery 101, sealant 102, a modified plaster mesh coat 103, a modified plaster base coat 104, a plaster sealant seal 105, cavity battens 106 framing 107 attached to a rigid air barrier 108, liquid wrap 109 shown as a dark line, rigid backing 110 an optional drainage path 111, a box perimeter material such as plywood, timber, fibre cement sheet, composite or homogenous board 112,a sill reveal 113, packing 114, a head reveal 115, sealant or double sided tape 116,drainage space in the head 117, a head flashing 121 and head flashing upstand 118,and fixing 119, uPVC mesh stop bead 120, and double sided tape or sealant 122. Air seals may optionally be used. For example, an air seal may be located between the sill reveal 113 and packing 114.

EXAMPLE 4

As noted in the description, various cladding materials can be used in accordance with the window detail described herein. Figure 6 illustrates a detail cross-section view of a recessed window sill detail 150 using an aerated concrete e.g. HebelTM or polystyrene sheet as the cladding. Figure 7 and Figure 8 illustrate detail cross-section views of flush mounted window head, sill and jamb details using weatherboard as the cladding.

In more detail, the detail 150 of Figure 6 comprises aluminium joinery 151, liquid wrap 152 shown as a dark line, aerated concrete panel 153 or polystyrene, cavity battens 154, a modified polystyrene coating and mesh 155, a textured or paint coating 156, a box perimeter side or box reveal 157 and window support packer 158 may be glue fixed underside of the window sill, packer 160, a sill reveal 161, an air seal 162, box perimeter 163 made from a fibre cement or other similar material, a fastener 164, a plaster board lining 165, a jack stud 166 and a rigid air barrier 167. Sealant 168 may be placed between the bottom edge of the window sill extrusion and the box perimeter parts.

Figure 7 shows a weatherboard head flashing detail 180 comprising an aluminium joinery extrusion 181, building wrap 182 shown as a dark line, box perimeter structure 183 being a fibre sheet or similar material, an air seal 184, a sloped cavity batten 185, a rigid air barrier 187, a cavity batten 188, a weatherboard 189, a stop ended flashing upstand 190 and flashing 192 along with a sealant bead or double sided tape 191 and a reveal 193.

Figure 8 shows an alternate weatherboard jamb detail 200 comprising an aluminium joinery extrusion 201, a box perimeter structure such as a fibre sheet or similar material 202, a cavity batten 203, building wrap 204 shown as a dark line, and weatherboard 205.

EXAMPLE 5

Figure 3 noted above illustrates an alternative detail cross-section view of a recessed window detail sill 50 using modified plaster as the cladding where the box structure materials are varied from fibre cement to timber or plywood. Combinations of these material may be used e.g. a timber head and plywood jambs.

EXAMPLE 6

Figure 9 shows a modified plaster direct fix option 220 detail cross-section view of a recessed window detail sill using modified plaster as the cladding in a direct fix embodiment with cavity battens removed. As noted in the description above, the liquid building wrap described is substantially impermeable to moisture but vapour permeable. As a result, it is envisaged that safe and economic direct fixing may be possible. Figure 9 illustrates one possible direct fix window detail although other possible details may also be used.

In more detail, the modified plaster direct fix option 220 shown in Figure 9 comprises an aluminium joinery extrusion 221, a jamb reveal 222, a sill reveal 223, an air seal 224, a box perimeter formed from fibre cement sheet or similar material 225, framing 227, plasterboard lining 228, a rigid air barrier 229, liquid wrap 230 shown as a dark line, a modified plaster base coat 231, a mesh coat 232, texture and/or paint coat(s) 233 and packers 234 and 235. A fastener 236 may be used as well to retain the window detail 220.

EXAMPLE 7

Figures 10, 11 and 12 illustrate detailed cross-section views of variations in design using weatherboard cladding.

In more detail, Figure 10 shows a weatherboard head flashing detail 240 comprising weatherboard 241, head flashing stop ends 242, a plug 243 that may optionally be removed to give access to a fastener 255, a filler 254 over the plug 243, a metal, uPVC or similar material head flashing 244, an air seal 245, a window reveal 246, a packer 247, a box perimeter formed from timber, plywood, fibre cement sheet etc) 248, building wrap 249 shown as a dark line, joinery extrusion 250, timber facing 251, front edge of scriber 252, timber window head 253, sealant 256, cavity batten 257 and rigid air barrier 258. In an alternative embodiment to Figure 10, the window may be able to go inside the box perimeter with the front face of the window flange installed flush with the outer edge of the box.

Figure 11 shows a weatherboard jamb detail 270 comprising aluminium joinery 271, a window reveal 272, an air seal 273, box perimeter structure comprising plywood, timber, fibre cement sheet etc 274, a stud 275, building wrap 276 shown as a dark line, rigid air barrier 277, cavity battens 278, weatherboard 279, scriber 278 and rebated facing board.

Figure 12 shows a weatherboard sill detail 300 comprising aluminium joinery 301, building wrap 302 shown as a dark line, a packer 303, a window reveal 304, a packer 305, an air seal 306, a box perimeter formed from materials noted above 307, a further packer 308, cavity batten sill box support 309, cavity battens 310, 311, a rigid air barrier 312, weatherboards 313, wood dowel or filler, timber sill 315, filler 316, timber facing 317, and a fastener 318.

EXAMPLE 8

Figures 13 and 14 illustrate detailed cross-section views of sill and head window details using brick veneer cladding.

In more detail, Figure 13 shows a brick veneer sill detail 330 comprising a sill block 331, a brick veneer 332, building wrap 333 shown as a dark line, aluminium joinery 334, packers 335, 336, air seal 337, a window reveal 338, a box perimeter 339 made using materials noted above, an architrave 340, plasterboard 341, and timber framing 342.

Figure 14 shows a brick veneer head detail 360 comprising aluminium joinery 361, building wrap 362 shown as a dark line and a box perimeter 363 made using materials noted above.

EXAMPLE 9

A method is described below to install a modified plaster clad window detail.

1. Install sloping (5°) sill trimmer and window head timber packers -in thefuture we should be able to have pre-nail companies install ripped lintels at the head and sill trimmers as part of the pre-nailframing package. Butfor now the builder will need to install 5° sloped timber packers at the heads and sills. We will have to specify a slightly larger opening height-wise to allowfor the 5°packers and accommodate the window height dimension.

2. Install rigid air barrier sheets to the exterior framing keeping the edge of the sheets flush with the edges of the framed openings.

3. Install the box head and sill reveals first, followed by the jambs or install pre-made box as a unit - The box reveals are made of and rippedfrom plywood, timber, fibre cement sheets or similar mineral composite or homogenous material (e.g. Magnesium Oxide Board).

4. Install the second layers of narrower box reveals to the head, sill and jambs to create the set back 'step' that the window flanges seal against (not required if the box is pre-meshed and coated and installed as one unit). The reveals may be machined out of one piece of timber in which case the primary and secondary layers are formed from a single piece of timber.

5. Apply MS sealant to any gaps orjoints that are not tightly fitted - The liquid wrap system has a filler and mesh layer that willfill and cover4mm to 5mm gaps without the needforsealant application (not required if the box is pre-made, pre-meshed, pre-coated and installed as one unit.

6. Apply rectangles of the self adhesive mesh at the four corners of the box.

7. Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh from the internal edge of the box, across the internal reveal surfaces, around the box's leading edge (not required if the box is pre-meshed and pre coated and installed as one unit). Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh from the perimeter of the box onto the outer faces of the protruding box, and then onto the rigid air barrier.

8. Apply the filler compound over the mesh.

9. Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh over the joints between the rigid air barrier sheets.

10. Apply the filler compound over the mesh and the sheet joints.

11. Roll or spray liquid wrap over the entire rigid air barrier surface, including the window reveals the rigid backing and reveals are nowfully weathertight.

12. Install drainage through sill as required. Drainage may take the form of inserts that drain liquid condensation or window mitre leaks through the drainage holes into the caviy below. Drainage holes and inserts may be installed in the pre-made box prior to the box being installed on site.

13. Glue sill packer to the underside of the sill aluminium extrusion -the packers are short lengths installed under the sill extrusion load points.

14. Install window into opening and fix reveals with packers and install air seals.

15. Apply a bead of sealant around the perimeter of the window (head, sills and jambs) - the window and surrounding exterior envelope is now weathertight.

16. Install powder coated head flashing (if required) over a bead of MS sealant

17. Install cavity battens.

18. Install rigid backing to receive the modified plaster base coat - prime the base of the rigid backing sheet above the window head (front and back 100mm up) and seal to the sloping packer above the window head with MS sealant or double sided tape.

19. Install an MS sealant bead between the base of the rigid backing sheet above the window and the shaped packer above the window head.

20. Install the metal head flashing (optional) fixed through the box head -seal the headflashing to the window head extrusion with double sided tape or sealant.

21. Install window film and perimeter tape protection.

22. Apply modified plaster base coat.

23. Install uPVC corner moulds at the window head, sill and jambs and a stop bead above the head flashing.

24. Apply meshed modified plaster coat.

25. Apply texture coat

26. Install painter applied sealant bead at the intersection of the texture coating the aluminium window flanges.

27. Apply exterior paint coating.

28. Remove tapes and window protection film.

EXAMPLE 10

A method is described below to directly fix and install a modified plaster clad recessed window detail.

1. Install sloping (5°) sill trimmer and window head timber packers -in thefuture we should be able to have pre-nail companies install ripped lintels at the head and sill trimmers as part of the pre-nailframing package. Butfor now the builder will need to install 5°sloped timber packers at the heads and sills. We will have to specify a slightly larger opening height-wise to allowfor the 5°packers and accommodate the window height dimension.

2. Install rigid air barrier sheets to the exterior framing keeping the edge of the sheets flush with the edges of the framed openings.

3. Install the box head and sill reveals first, followed by the jambs - The box reveals are made of and rippedfrom plywood, timber, fibre cement sheets or similar mineral composite or homogenous material (e.g. Magnesium Oxide Board) - unless the box is pre-made, pre-meshed, pre-coated and installed as one unit.

4. Install the second layer of narrower box reveals to the head, sill and jambs to create the set back 'step' that the window flanges seal against (unless the box is pre-made, pre-meshed, pre coated and installed as one unit).

5. Apply MS sealant to any gaps orjoints that are not tightly fitted - The liquid wrap system has a filler and mesh layer that willfill and cover 4mm to 5mm gaps without the needfor sealant application.

6. Apply rectangles of the self adhesive mesh at the four corners of the box.

7. Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh from the internal edge of the box, across the internal reveal surfaces, around the box's leading edge (unless the box is pre-made, pre-meshed, pre coated and installed as one unit), onto the outer faces of the protruding box, and then onto the rigid air barrier.

8. Apply the filler compound over the mesh.

9. Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh over the joints between the rigid air barrier sheets.

10. Apply the filler compound over the mesh and the sheet joints.

11. Roll or spray liquid wrap over the entire rigid air barrier surface, including the window reveals the rigid backing and reveals are nowfully weathertight.

12. Install drainage through the sill as required. Drainage may take the form of inserts that drain liquid condensation or window mitre leaks through the drainage holes into the caviy below. Drainage holes and inserts may be installed in the pre-made box prior to the box being installed on site.

13. Glue sill packer to the underside of the sill aluminium extrusion - the packers are short lengths installed under the sill load points.

14. Install window into opening and fix reveals with packers and install air seals.

15. Apply a bead of sealant around the perimeter of the window (head, sills and jambs) - the window and surrounding exterior envelope is now weathertight.

16. Install powder coated head flashing over a bead of MS sealant.

17. Install window film and perimeter tape protection.

18. Apply modified plaster base coat.

19. Install uPVC corner moulds at the window head, sill, jambs and a stop bead above the head flashing.

20. Apply meshed modified plaster coat.

21. Apply texture coat.

22. Install painter applied sealant bead at the intersection of the texture coating the aluminium

window flanges.

23. Apply exterior paint coating.

24. Remove tapes and window protection film.

EXAMPLE 11

A method is described below to install a modified plaster clad surface mounted window detail.

1. Install rigid air barrier sheets to the exterior framing keeping edges of the rigid air barrier sheets

flush with the edges of the framed openings.

2. Install the box head and sill reveals first, followed by the jambs (unless the box is pre-made, pre

meshed, pre-coated and installed as one unit) - The box reveals are made of and rippedfrom

plywood, timber, fibre cement sheets or similar mineral composite or homogenous material (e.g.

Magnesium Oxide Board).

3. Install shaped packer at the head of the window.

4. Apply modified silicone sealant to any gaps or joints that are not tightly fitted (unless the box is

pre-made, pre-meshed, pre-coated and installed as one unit) - The liquid wrap system has a

filler and mesh layer that willfill and cover 4mm to 5mm gaps without the needforsealant

application.

5. Drill two 8, 9, 10 11, 13, 14 or 15mm drain holes below the window mitre locations (one each

side of the window) through the box, the holes positioned to drain down the centre of the

cavity below. Drainage may take the form of inserts that drain liquid condensation or window

mitre leaks through the drainage holes into the cavity below. Drainage holes and inserts may be

installed in the pre-made box prior to the box being installed on site.

6. Apply rectangles of the self adhesive mesh at the four corners of the box (unless the box is pre

made, pre-meshed, pre-coated and installed as one unit).

7. Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh from the internal edge of the box, across the internal

reveal surfaces, around the box's leading edge (unless the box is pre-made, pre-meshed, pre

coated and installed as one unit), onto the outer faces of the protruding box, and then onto the

rigid air barrier.

8. Apply the filler compound over the mesh.

9. Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh over the joints between the rigid air barrier sheets.

10. Apply the filler compound over the mesh and the sheet joints.

11. Roll or spray liquid wrap over the entire rigid air barrier surface, including the window reveals the rigid backing and reveals are nowfully weathertight. 12. Install small squares of gauze mesh over the underside of the box drainage holes as vermin protection. The vermin protection may be incoroporated into an insert that is installed in the drainage hole. 13. Glue sill packer to the underside of the sill aluminium extrusion - the packers are short lengths installed under the sill load points. 14. Install window into opening and fix reveals with packers and install air seals. 15. Apply a bead of sealant around the perimeter of the window (head, sills and jambs) - the window and surrounding exterior envelope is now weathertight. 16. Install cavity battens. 17. Install rigid backing to receive the modified plaster base coat. 18. Install powder coated head flashing (if required) over a bead of MS sealant fixed to the head of the box and sealed to the window head. 19. Install window film and perimeter tape protection. 20. Apply modified plaster base coat. 21. Install uPVC corner moulds at the window head, sill and jambs. 22. Apply meshed modified plaster coat. 23. Apply texture coat. 24. Install painter applied sealant bead at the intersection of the texture coating the aluminium window flanges. 25. Apply exterior paint coating. 26. Remove tapes and window protection film.

EXAMPLE 12

A method is described below to install a weatherboard clad window detail.

1. Install rigid air barrier sheets to the exterior framing keeping the edge of the sheets flush with the edges of the framed openings. 2. Install the box head and sill reveals first, followed by the jambs (unless the box is pre-made, pre meshed, pre-coated and installed as one unit) - The box reveals are made of and rippedfrom plywood, timber, fibre cement sheets or similar mineral composite or homogeneous material (e.g. Magnesium Oxide Board). 3. Install shaped packer at the head of the window. 4. Apply modified silicone sealant to any gaps or joints that are not tightly fitted - The liquid wrap system has a filler and mesh layer that willfill and cover 4mm to 5mm gaps without the needfor sealant application. 5. Drill two 8, 9, 10 11, 13, 14mm or 15mm drain holes below the window mitre locations (one each side of the window) through the box still positioned to drain down the centre of the cavity below. Drainage may take the form of inserts that drain liquid condensation or window mitre leaks through the drainage holes into the caviy below. Drainage holes and inserts may be installed in the pre-made box prior to the box being installed on site.

6. Apply rectangles of the self adhesive mesh at the four corners of the box (unless the box is pre

made, pre-meshed, pre-coated and installed as one unit).

7. Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh from the internal edge of the box, across the internal

reveal surfaces, around the box's leading edge (unless the box is pre-made, pre-meshed, pre

coated and installed as one unit), onto the outer faces of the protruding box, and then onto the

rigid air barrier.

8. Apply the filler compound over the mesh.

9. Apply the self adhesive reinforcing mesh over the joints between the rigid air barrier sheets.

10. Apply the filler compound over the mesh and the sheet joints.

11. Install small squares of gauze mesh over the underside of the box drainage holes as vermin

protection. The vermin protection may be incorporated into an insert that is installed in the

drainage hole.

12. Roll or spray liquid wrap over the entire rigid air barrier surface, including the window reveals

the rigid backing and reveals are nowfully weathertight.

13. Install small squares of gauze mesh over the underside of the box holes as vermin protection.

14. Glue sill packer to the underside of the sill aluminium extrusion - the packers are short lengths

installed under the sill extrusion load points.

15. Install window into opening and fix reveals with packers and install air seals if permanently

installing the window at this point - the window can be temporarily installed at this point to

allowfor end and topfixing of the weatherboards at thejambs and sill if required.

16. If permanently installing the window, apply a bead of MS sealant between the window head

and the packer over the head - the widow andsurrounding exterior envelope are now

weathertight.

17. Install cavity battens - ensure the cavity battens under the box sill area discontinuous to allow

for a drainage path down through 8, 9, 10 11, 13, 14mm or 15mm holes in the box sill.

18. Install powder coated head flashing (optional) - seal between the underside of the headflashing

and the aluminium joinery head extrusion with double-sided tape leaving gaps to allow cavity

drainage.

19. If endfixing of the weatherboards abutting thejambs and topfixing of the weatherboards

abutting the underside of the sill is required, the headflashing can be left off providing a

weathertight temporary sealant or weatherproof tape is used to temporarily weather between

the window head and the shaped packer.

20. Install weatherboards up to the underside of the box sill and up the sides of the box - If end

fixing of the weatherboards abutting thejambs and topfixing of the weatherboardsabutting

the underside of the sill is required, the window will need to be temporarilyfixed, released to install thefixings and then permanently installed - note screwfixing requires the screw heads to be sealed with liquid wrap prior to the window being reinstalled.

21. Install weatherboard over the head of the window, notching out to accommodate the head

flashing. 22. Install weatherboard plugs down jambs of the window using adhesive sealant - iffacings and scribers are not being used. 23. Install painter applied sealant bead at the intersection of the box sill and the weatherboard (optional).

Aspects of the window detail have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the claims herein.

Claims (12)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A window detail comprising:

a four sided box perimeter inserted in a building wall structure wherein the box perimeter

supports the window joinery therein;

an elastomer based building wrap applied to at least the external facing surfaces of the box

perimeter, forming a resilient barrier layer over at least the external facing surfaces of the box

perimeter; and

wherein the elastomer based building wrap is applied as a liquid or semi-liquid and which

subsequently dries in-situ to form the resilient barrier layer wherein the resilient barrier layer is

impermeable to liquid moisture and is vapour permeable; and

wherein the window detail is removably linked to the building wall structure via at least one

fastener.

2. The window detail as claimed in claim 1 wherein the external facing surfaces comprise: at least part of

a window flashing system, at least part of the outer facing surfaces of the box perimeter, at least one

window reveal, and combinations thereof.

3. The window detail as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the box perimeter is manufactured from at

least one elongated slat that is:

(a) sufficiently wide to support the joinery and window depth; and

(b) sufficiently long to suit the window height and/or width; and

(c) sufficiently wide to accommodate the selected exterior cladding type and the depth of the wall

framing.

4. The window detail as claimed in any one of the above claims wherein the box perimeter is

manufactured from materials selected from: fibre cement, fibre cement like materials including mineral

composite or homogenous board, plywood, timber, and combinations thereof.

5. The window detail as claimed in claim 1 wherein the at least one fastener passes through an internal

reveal mated to the joinery and into at least part of the box perimeter.

6. The window detail as claimed in claim 1 wherein the at least one fastener passes through a window head, a window sill, and/or window jamb reveals and in turn, into a corresponding head, sill or jamb element of the box perimeter structure and into the structural framing surrounding the exterior joinery unit.

7. The window detail as claimed in any one of the above claims wherein the building wrap dries to a thin

elastomeric skin bonded to the substrate to which it is applied, drying occurring due to a chemical

reaction between the building wrap and exposure to air or other chemical trigger.

8. The window detail as claimed in any one of the above claims wherein the building wrap is fibre

reinforced.

9. The window detail as claimed in any one of the above claims wherein the building wrap once dry has

an air permeability of at least 0.01 L/s.m 2 at 75Pa.

10. The window detail as claimed in any one of the above claims wherein water penetration through the

building wrap once dry is approximately zero.

11. The window detail as claimed in any one of the above claims wherein external building cladding is

applied over the window detail, the cladding selected from: modified plaster, weatherboard, polystyrene

sheet, aerated concrete or fibre cement sheet panel based claddings, and combinations thereof.

12. The window detail as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the window detail comprises

drainage paths to direct any liquid moisture around the four sided box perimeter.