AU2015358166A1 - Water-preserving mining method for close-distance coal seam group - Google Patents
Water-preserving mining method for close-distance coal seam group Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 74
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
A water-preserving mining method for a close-distance coal seam group. A defining range for all the parameters capable of realizing water-preserving mining is obtained according to fixed parameters, including coal seam burying depth and the distance between two coal seams of close-distance coal seams and the mining depths of the upper and lower coal seams. The parameters provided by the method are concise, which can provide guidance for the water-preserving mining of the similar close-distance coal seams in western mine areas and have very strong practicability.
Description
WATER CONSERVATION MINING METHOD FOR CONTIGUOUS
COAL SEAM GROUP
BACKGROUND
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a water conservation mining method for a contiguous coal seam group, and the water conservation mining method for the contiguous coal seam group can protect a water resource of a shallow buried overlying unconsolidated aquifer of thin base rock, increase a recovery rate of a coal resource and guarantee safety in production.
Related Art A shallow buried coalfield thick in coal seam and fine in coal quality widely occurs in northwest of China, but the shallow buried coalfield is located in an arid and semi-arid continental climate region; in the region, a water resource is lacking generally, vegetation coverage is relatively low, and an ecological environment is weak. Shown by years of mining practices, mining-induced fissure development caused by large-scale mechanical mining performed with a traditional way will certainly cause wide-range land and water resource loss of a mining region, which brings a series of geological effects of a mine environment, thereby further aggravating degeneration of the originally weak ecological environment.
At present, first-mining coal seams of many mining regions have been mined out, and there is an urgent need for mining lower coal seams of the first-mining coal seams to meet a yield need. Mining of a multiple coal seam group inevitably causes multiple repeated disturbances to overlying strata of the coal seams, which results in heavy damage to stability of an aquiclude of the earth surface, further causing water and soil loss, and bringing a challenge for water conservation mining. However, there is no specific classification method yet for water conservation mining of multiple coal seams now.
SUMMARY
Inventive object: in order to overcome defects existing in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a water conservation mining method for a contiguous coal seam group, and the water conservation mining method is a mining method that is low in water resource loss and high in recovery rate of coal resources during mining of contiguous coal seams and can classify applicable conditions for water conservation mining of a long-wall working face of a shallow buried coal seam of thin base rock.
Technical solution: in order to achieve the above-described object, a technical solution adopted by the present disclosure is that: A water conservation mining method for a contiguous coal seam group, comprising the following steps: (1) Calculating a mining caving zone height k of a lower coal seam of a contiguous shallow buried coal seam:
Therein, M1 is a mining height of the lower coal seam, and ^k and are both m in unit; (2) Calculating a comprehensive mining height ^Z1~2 of the contiguous shallow buried coal seam;
When interlayer spacing between two layers of coal is less than or equal to the mining caving zone height of the lower coal seam, or an interlayer overlying stratum thickness of the two layers of coal is less than 5 m, the comprehensive mining height ^7|-2 is that:
When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is greater than the mining caving zone height of the lower coal seam, the comprehensive mining height ^Z1-2 is that:
Therein, ^' is a mining height of an upper layer of coal, ^1 is a mining height of a lower layer of coal, 2 is a normal distance between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam, and ^21-2, ^', ^2 and 2 are all m in unit; (3) Calculating a fissure zone height L of the contiguous shallow buried coal seam:
Therein, is the comprehensive mining height, and ^L and ^Zl 2 are both m in unit; (4) Determining a thickness 0 of a protective layer for an upper part of a diversion fissure zone for water conservation mining of the contiguous shallow buried coal seam to be 12 to 15 m; (5) Calculating a coal and rock pillar height
(6) Performing water conservation mining on the contiguous coal seams according to the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal and the coal and rock pillar height.
Preferably, in the step (6), water conservation mining is performed on the contiguous coal seams according to the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal and the coal and rock pillar height, and a specific method is that: a. When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 5 to 10 m, the water conservation mining method is that: a\. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 115 m, a6 to 7m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; al. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 85 m and 115 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 in and 5.5 m; a3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 80 m and 85 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; a4. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 75 m and 80 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip; b. When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 10 to 15 m, the water conservation mining method is that: bl. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 110 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; b2. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 85 m and 110 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; b3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 80 m and 85 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; M. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 80 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip; c. When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 15 to 20 m, the water conservation mining method is that: cl. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 105 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; c2. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 75 m and 105 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 to; c3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 75 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; c4. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 70 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip; d. When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 20 to 25 m, the water conservation mining method is that: <71. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 100 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; d2. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 100 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; d3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 70 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; <74. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 60 m and 65 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip; e. When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 25 to 30 m, the water conservation mining method is that: el. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 95 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; e2. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 95 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; e3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 60 m and 65 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; e4. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 55 m and 60 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip.
Preferably, in the step (4), a thickness 0 of a protective layer for an upper part of a diversion fissure zone for water conservation mining of a contiguous shallow buried coal seam is determined to be 15 m.
Beneficial effects: the water conservation mining method for the contiguous coal seam group, provided by the present disclosure, has following specific advantages: 1. For the contiguous coal seam group of which an upper coal seam has been mined at the present stage, a rational mining height of a lower coal seam may be selected according to a height of a coal and rock pillar, thereby ensuring that water conservation mining is realized after two layers of coal are mined; 2. Guidance and references are provided for selecting rational mining heights of the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam for realizing water conservation mining on an integrated coalfield that is not mined yet; 3. Technical support is provided for avoiding environmental disasters, such as water and soil loss, ecological damage, desertification and the like, during large-scale coal mining in a western region.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure will be illustrated further in combination with examples below.
The water conservation mining method for the contiguous coal seam group, provided by the present disclosure, is mainly used for mining of western shallow buried contiguous coal seams; according to these set parameters of coal seam burial depths of the contiguous coal seams and interlayer spacing between two coal seams, and mining heights of an upper coal seam and a lower coal seam, a defining range of each parameter that can realize water conservation mining is obtained. This method is simple and clear in provided parameters, can provide guidance for water conservation mining of similar contiguous coal seams in a western mining region, and is very high in practicability, and the method will be specifically illustrated below. 1. Estimation on mining caving zone height and fissure zone height under different mining height conditions
Conventional caving zone and fissure zone empirical equations are not very applicable to shallow buried contiguous coal seams; according to structural features of overlying strata of shallow buried thin base rock, on the premise that influence rules of hard strata and soft strata to development of caving zones and diversion fissure zones are comprehensively considered, analytical calculation is performed on heights of the caving zones and the diversion fissure zones of the shallow buried contiguous coal seams under different mining height conditions by adopting numerical calculation software by combining with empirical data of mining of the shallow buried contiguous coal seams; typical calculated results of the caving zones are as shown in table 1, and calculated results of the fissure zones are as shown in table 2.
Table 1 Caving zone heights corresponding to different mining heights
A mining caving zone height k of the lower coal seam of the shallow buried contiguous coal seam can be obtained by regression from table 1:
When interlayer spacing between two layers of coal is less than or equal to the mining caving zone height of the lower coal seam, or an interlayer overlying stratum thickness of the two layers of coal is less than 5 m, a comprehensive mining height ^Z1~2 is that:
When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is greater than the mining caving zone height of the lower coal seam, a comprehensive mining height ^71 2 is that:
When a caving zone of a lower layer of coal comes into contact with or completely enters a range of an upper layer of coal, a maximum height of a diversion fissure zone of the upper layer of coal is calculated by adopting a mining thickness of the upper layer of coal, and a maximum height of a diversion fissure zone of the lower layer of coal should be calculated by adopting a comprehensive mining height of the upper layer of coal and the lower layer of coal, and the maximum of elevations is taken as the maximum height of the diversion fissure zones of the two layers of coal.
Table 2 Fissure zone heights corresponding to different mining heights
A fissure zone height L of the shallow buried contiguous coal seam can be obtained by regression from table 2:
Therein, is a mining height of the upper layer of coal, ^2 is a mining height of the lower layer of coal, and ^12 is a normal distance between an upper coal seam and a lower coal seam.
When the interlayer spacing between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam is 5 to 10 m, 10 to 15 m, 15 to 20 m, 20 to 25 m and greater than 25 m, development heights of diversion fissure zones thereof are obtained as shown in tables 3 to 7; in the tables, “upper coal seam” represents the mining height of the upper coal seam, and “lower coal seam” represents the mining height of the lower coal seam; the unit is m.
Table 3 Development height of a diversion fissure zone when interlayer overlying strata are 5 to 10 m
Table 4 Development height of a diversion fissure zone when interlayer overlying strata are 10 to 15 m
Table 5 Development height of a diversion fissure zone when interlayer overlying strata are 15 to 20 m
Table 6 Development height of a diversion fissure zone when interlayer overlying strata are 20 to 25 m
Table 7 Development height of a diversion fissure zone when interlayer overlying strata is greater than 25 m
2. Estimation on rock pillar height for realizing water conservation mining under different mining height conditions
According to mining diversion fissure zone heights of the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam in tables 3 to 7, a thickness of a protective layer required for an upper part of a diversion fissure zone for realizing water conservation mining is considered. In consideration of difference between water resisting properties of all overlying strata of the shallow buried coal seam, a 4 m of clay stratum having water resisting capability serves as an “effective water resisting layer”; as weathering zones spread all over a top of the shallow buried base rock, the weathering zones have features of mudstone, silty mudstone and siltstone, in main lithological characters, according to features of the base rock of the shallow buried coal seam and a weathering degree thereof, it is considered by analysis that 4 to 15 m of top base rock may have a water resisting function identical with that of the “effective water resisting layer”, and finally, the thickness of the protective layer is determined to be 15 m. When the interlayer spacing between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam is 5 to 10 m, 10 to 15 m, 15 to 20 m, 20 to 25 m and greater than 25 m, development heights of diversion fissure zones thereof are obtained as shown in tables 8 to 12.
Table 8 Minimum overlying stratum thickness for realizing water conservation mining when interlayer overlying strata are 5 to 10 m
When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is from 5 m to 10 m, it can be obtained from table 8 that: a\. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 115 m, a6 to 7m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; a.2. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 85 m and 115 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; a3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 80 m and 85 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; aA. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 75 m and 80 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip.
Table 9 Minimum overlying stratum thickness for realizing water conservation mining when interlayer overlying strata are 10 to 15 m
When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is from 10 m to 15 m, it can be obtained from table 9 that: bl. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 110 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; b2. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 85 m and 110 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; b3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 80 m and 85 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; bA. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 80 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip.
Table 10 Minimum overlying stratum thickness for realizing water conservation mining when interlayer overlying strata are 15 to 20 m
When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is from 15 m to 20 m, it can be obtained from table 10 that: cl. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 105 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; c2. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 75 m and 105 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 /«; c3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 75 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; c4. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 70 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip.
Table 11 Minimum overlying stratum thickness for realizing water conservation mining when interlayer overlying strata are 20 to 25 m
When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is from 20 m to 25 m, it can be obtained from table 11 that: d 1. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 100 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; <72. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 100 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; d3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 70 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; d4. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 60 m and 65 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip.
Table 12 Minimum overlying stratum thickness for realizing water conservation mining when interlayer overlying strata are greater than 25 m
When the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is from 25 m to 30 m, it can be obtained from table 12 that: el. When the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 95 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; e2. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 95 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 e3. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 60 m and 65 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; e4. When the coal and rock pillar height is between 55 m and 60 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip.
The foregoing embodiments merely are preferred embodiments of the disclosure, and it should be noted that: a variety of modifications and embellishments can also be made by the skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present disclosure, and these modifications and embellishments should be within the protective scope of the disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. A water conservation mining method for a contiguous coal seam group, wherein, the water conservation mining method comprises the following steps: (1) calculating a mining caving zone height k of a lower coal seam of a contiguous shallow buried coal seam:
therein, ^1 is a mining height of the lower coal seam, and ^' and ^1 are both m in unit; (2) calculating a comprehensive mining height ^71 2 of the contiguous shallow buried coal seam; when interlayer spacing between two layers of coal is less than or equal to the mining caving zone height of the lower coal seam, or an interlayer overlying stratum thickness of the two layers of coal is less than 5 m, the comprehensive mining height ^71 2 is that:
when the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is greater than the mining caving zone height of the lower coal seam, the comprehensive mining height ^71 2 is that:
therein, is a mining height of an upper layer of coal, ^1 is a mining height of a lower layer of coal, ^ 1 is a normal distance between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam, and ^Z1~2, , ^2 and are all m in unit; Η (3) calculating a fissure zone height L of the contiguous shallow buried coal seam:
therein, ^71 2 is the comprehensive mining height, and and ^71 2 are both m in unit; (4) determining a thickness 0 of a protective layer for an upper part of a diversion fissure zone for water conservation mining of the contiguous shallow buried coal seam to be 12 to 15 m; (5) calculating a coal and rock pillar height
; (6) performing water conservation mining on the contiguous coal seams according to the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal and the coal and rock pillar height.
2. The water conservation mining method for the contiguous coal seam group according to claim 1, wherein, in the step (6), water conservation mining is performed on the contiguous coal seams according to the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal and the coal and rock pillar height, and a specific method is that: a. when the interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 5 to 10 m, the water conservation mining method is that: al. when the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 115 m, a 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; a2. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 85 m and 115 m, a mining height of a long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; a3. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 80 m and 85 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; a4. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 75 m and 80 m, a mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip; b. when interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 10 to 15 m, the water conservation mining method is that: bl. when the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 110 m, the 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; b2. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 85 m and 110 m, the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; b3. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 80 m and 85 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from a large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; M. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 80 m, the mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted, for layer mining or mining with a strip; c. when interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 15 to 20 m, the water conservation mining method is that: cl. when the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 105 m, the 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; c2. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 75 m and 105 m, the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from the large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; c3. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 75 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from the large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; c4. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 70 m, the mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip; d. when interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 20 to 25 m, the water conservation mining method is that: dl. when the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 100 m, the 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; dl. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 70 m and 100 m, the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from the large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; <73. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 70 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from the large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; <74. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 60 m and 65 m, the mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip; e. when interlayer spacing between the two layers of coal is 20 to 25 m, the water conservation mining method is that: el. when the coal and rock pillar height is greater than 95 m, the 6 to 7 m large mining height long-wall mining method is adopted; el. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 65 m and 95 m, the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from the large mining height between 4 m and 5.5 m; e3. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 60 m and 65 m, a measure is adopted locally, and the mining height of the long-wall working face is correspondingly selected from the large mining height between 3.5 m and 5 m; e4. when the coal and rock pillar height is between 55 m and 60 m, the mining height-reduced normal long-wall mining method is adopted for layer mining or mining with a strip;
3. The water conservation mining method for the contiguous coal seam group according to claim 1, wherein, in the step (4), a thickness 0 of a protective layer for an upper part of a diversion fissure zone for water conservation mining of a contiguous shallow buried coal seam is determined to be 15 m.
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| CN105046409B (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2021-04-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Comprehensive evaluation of coal seam group ascending mining feasibility and establishment method of technical support system |
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| CN102505943B (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-08-21 | 西安科技大学 | Water conservation coal cutting method for small and medium-sized coal mines in waterhead area |
| CN102865077B (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2016-04-20 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | A kind of simulation system of water-retaining production |
| CN102865081B (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Water-preserved mining method |
| CN102865078A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2013-01-09 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Method of determining water-preserved mining geological conditions under loose water bearing layer |
| CN102767371B (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2015-05-20 | 西安科技大学 | Method for realizing water-preserved mining by utilizing curtain grouting technology |
| CN103790586B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-03-04 | 西安科技大学 | Long-wall overlying strata settlement coordination water-preserving coal mining method |
| CN104453903B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-05-11 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of close-in seams group water retaining mining method |
-
2014
- 2014-12-01 CN CN201410715657.6A patent/CN104453903B/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-05-12 AU AU2015358166A patent/AU2015358166B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2015-05-12 WO PCT/CN2015/078730 patent/WO2016086602A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104453903A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| WO2016086602A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
| CN104453903B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| AU2015358166B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
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