AU2014363278A1

AU2014363278A1 - Pre-composting drum

Info

Publication number: AU2014363278A1
Application number: AU2014363278A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Boris EFREMENKO; Serge Gamache; Loic Loillier; Christian THOMIN
Original assignee: Veolia Proprete SAS
Current assignee: Veolia Proprete SAS
Priority date: 2013-12-12
Filing date: 2014-11-21
Publication date: 2016-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2034-11-21
Also published as: GB2536579B; GB2536579A; WO2015086940A1; FR3014868B1; AU2014363278B2; FR3014868A1; DE112014005681T5

Abstract

A pre-composting drum (10) comprising a main body (11), an inlet shutter (12), an outlet shutter (13), and optionally a supply chute (14), characterised in that it further comprises: - at least one inlet (16), - at least one ventilation device (17), and - a selective blocking device (160) per inlet for selectively uncovering or covering said inlet, said selective blocking device comprising a flange inserted into an inlet and a mobile stopper mounted on the flange, said mobile stopper comprising a guide element configured to come into contact with a guide rail.

Description

1 PRE-COMPOSTING DRUM The present invention concerns the field of the pre composting, in particular the pre-composting rotary drums 5 also called rotary reactors and hereinafter called concision drum. Conventionally, a drum has a generally cylindrical shape. It is configured to be supplied with at least 10 partially organic materials, such as household waste or sludge, hereinafter called « waste , and typically allows separating the organic fractions from the inorganic fractions of the waste. This separation is also called « pre-treatment of the waste because it is often prior to a 15 fermentation process (for example a composting) or prior to an anaerobic digestion process of the organic fractions of said waste. A drum has two ends, one end called inlet end from 20 which the drum is supplied with waste, and one end called outlet end through which the waste is extracted from the drum after a retention time. A helix or a helical type inner shape at least at the 25 inlet (the remainder of the tube may be smooth) allows to mechanically move forward the waste from the inlet end to the outlet end by the sole rotation of the drum. The waste retention time depends in particular on the 30 length of the drum, on the possible inclination of the axis of rotation, on the speed of rotation and on the shape of the inner wall. Typically, the length and the diameter of the drum are selected according to the desired retention time of the waste to be treated and to the speed of 35 rotation. For example, some drums are several tens of meters long and a few meters in diameter.

2 Generally, the waste supply and extraction are performed to have a filling ratio of the drum approximately constant over time. The drum should not be completely filled with waste in order to allow an oxygen gas mixture, 5 in this case air, to be in contact with said waste. The volume of waste is then lower than the internal volume of the drum, so as to leave some amount of oxygen available for the degradation of waste. 10 At the inlet end of the drum, an inlet hatch may be opened to allow the introduction of a given volume of waste according to an input flow rate, then closed after this introduction. 15 At the outlet end of the drum, an outlet hatch may be opened to allow the extraction of a given volume of waste according to an output flow rate, then closed after this extraction. The output flow rate may be different from the input flow rate. The outlet of the drum may be linked to a 20 device allowing the separation of the solid waste. The drum may be equipped with a device for watering the waste. 25 Out of waste introduction and extraction, the ends of the drum are closed by the inlet and outlet hatches, also called valves, which are generally sealed at least against odors. 30 Indeed, the organic materials are degraded in the drum by fermentation and generate malodorous volatile molecules (VOC, mercaptans, H 2 S, etc.) which generally require a suitable treatment device linked to the drum. 35 In operation, the drum is rotated about its axis of rotation, for example in the range of few 3 revolutions/minute. The axis of rotation of the drum may be horizontal or slightly inclined. The rotation is generally continuous, at least during 5 the day. Conventionally, at night, the drum is left in rotation but the inlet and outlet hatches remain closed, which, in particular, avoids the use of operators at night to supply the drum with waste and extract the organic fractions. 10 However, with a mass of waste enclosed in a sealed drum for several hours, there is a risk of anaerobic fermentation of waste, which affects their quality at the outlet from the drum and increases the risk of offensive 15 odors, making the systems of treatment of the malodorous volatile molecules complex and expensive. The opening of the outlet hatch or of the inlet hatch allows ventilating a drum, which also avoids putting it at 20 overpressure, but such ventilation is not controlled and can be implemented only for waste which does not generate malodorous volatile molecules. The invention aims to allow solving this problem. 25 In this context, the present invention provides a drum whose aeration, that is to say the air ventilation or extraction, may be controlled. 30 More specifically, the invention concerns a pre composting drum comprising a main body, an inlet hatch, an outlet hatch, and optionally a feed chute. It is essentially characterized in that it further 35 comprises: - at least one suction eye, 4 - at least one ventilation device, and - a selective plugging device per suction eye allowing to selectively uncover or cover said suction eye. 5 A cowling mounted in the upper portion of the drum, may be further provided. A plurality of suction eyes disposed along a radial symmetry of the main body may be provided. 10 Preferably, the suction eyes are disposed opposite to the cowling so as the rotation of the drum brings at least one suction eye under the cowling at each revolution. 15 It may be further provided a device for extracting gases contained in the main body. In one embodiment, the selective plugging device comprises a flange inserted into a suction eye and a 20 movable plug mounted on the flange. Preferably, the flange comprises a support, and the support comprises at least one stop allowing to limit the rotation of the movable plug. 25 A fixed guide which conforms locally to the shape of the outer face of said drum may be further provided. Preferably, the guide is discontinuous and is in the 30 form of guide portions, each guide portion being configured to alternately pivot the movable plug in the open or closed position, by contact between the guide and the selective plugging device. 35 It may be expected that the ventilation device comprises a ventilator secured in rotation to the drum, a 5 blowing orifice mounted on the flange of a suction eye and a movable flap integrated into the ventilator. Unlike the prior art where, typically at night, the 5 drum is left in rotation but closed by trapping some amount of air, thanks to the invention, it is possible to inject and extract the air in a regulated manner, which improves the fermentation during the day and the night, by avoiding that the drum could switch into the anaerobic mode. 10 Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description given by way of illustrative and non-limiting example and with reference to the appended figures in 15 which: - Figure 1A illustrates an embodiment of a drum according to the invention, in a longitudinal sectional view, - Figure 1B illustrates a cross section along the 20 plane A-A of the drum of figure 1A, - figure 2A illustrates another embodiment of a drum according to the invention, in a longitudinal sectional view, - Figure 2B illustrates a cross section along the 25 plane B-B of the drum of figure 2A, - Figure 2C illustrates a cross section of another embodiment of a drum according to the invention, - Figure 3A illustrates an embodiment of a selective plugging device according to the invention in the open 30 position, - Figure 3B illustrates the selective plugging device of figure 3A in the closed position, - Figure 4 illustrates, from the top to the bottom, the switching from a closed position to an open position 35 and the return to a closed position of a suction eye on a drum according to the invention, 6 - Figure 5 illustrates a cowling on an embodiment of a drum according to the invention in a partial three-quarter view, and - Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of a drum 5 according to the invention in a partial three-quarter view, equipped with ventilators positioned in radial symmetry. Conventionally, a drum 10 comprises a substantially cylindrical main body 11, an inlet hatch 12, in this case 10 mounted on a feed chute 14, and an outlet hatch 13. The rotation of the drum is for example ensured by a toothed wheel 11_1 (figure 6). The waste 19 is introduced 100 into the drum 10 15 through the inlet hatch 12. Typically, the inlet hatch 12 is substantially horizontal if it is mounted in the feed chute 14 or substantially vertical if it is mounted on the drum 10; the 20 outlet hatch 13 is mounted on the drum 10 and is substantially vertical. After partial filling of the drum 10, the waste 19 abuts against the outlet hatch 13, so as at the opening of the outlet hatch 13, the waste may be extracted from the drum 10 by gravity. 25 Preferably, the height of the waste in the drum 10 at the outlet hatch 13 is greater than the height of the outlet hatch 13, so that the opening of the hatch does not generate air call, and that the air possibly insufflated at 30 this end thanks to ventilation means (see the embodiment described hereinafter) may not escape from the outlet hatch 13. The drum 10 may also comprise a cowling 15, mounted in 35 the upper portion of said drum 10, that is to say in the upper portion of the horizontal plane passing through the 7 axis of rotation of the drum 10, and disposed toward the outlet end, that is to say between the middle of the drum 10 and the outlet end of the drum 10. Preferably, the inner shape of the cowling 15 conforms to the outer shape of the 5 drum 10. In this case the cowling has an annular inner shape. According to the present solution, the drum 10 further comprises at least one suction eye 16. A suction eye 16 is 10 a recess or through hole of the main body 11. A suction eye 16 is secured in rotation with the drum 10. Preferably, a plurality of suction eyes 16 disposed in radial symmetry are provided. 15 At least one ventilation device 17 allowing to ventilate (or indistinctly inject, insufflate or blow) air into the drum 10, is also provided. 20 The ventilation device 17 comprises for example at least one of the following members: ventilator, compressor, injector, nozzle, air pump, etc. that is to say any device configured to inject an oxygen gas composition, in this case air, into the drum 10. 25 Preferably, the air injection by a given ventilation device 17 is driven. The air is injected when said ventilation device 17 is not in contact with waste, that is to say when it is in the upper portion of the drum 10. 30 Preferably, a ventilation device 17 per suction eye 16 is provided. Preferably, a plurality of ventilation devices 17, distributed along a radial symmetry of the drum is provided. Thus, despite the rotation of the drum, at least 35 one of the ventilation devices 17 is always out of contact with the waste, which may allow a continuous ventilation.

8 At least one extraction device 18, typically an extractor or a pump, allowing to extract the air from the drum 10 to the atmosphere or to an odor treatment device, 5 may be provided. Similarly, there may be provided an extraction device 18 per suction eye 16 and an extraction device 18 common to all suction eyes 16. 10 The ventilation device 17 and the extraction device 18 allow generating an air flow in contact with waste in the drum 10. So that a maximum of waste is in contact with this air flow, it is preferable that the ventilation device 17 15 is disposed near one end of the drum 10 and that the extraction device 18 is disposed near the other end of the drum 10. Advantageously, there is provided a selective plugging 20 device of the suction eyes, allowing to uncover a given suction eye in the open position and to cover the suction eye in the closed position, two embodiments of which are described hereinafter. 25 Preferably, a selective plugging device per suction eye is provided. First Embodiment 30 In a first embodiment, the air flow generated in the drum is in the direction of travel of waste. This embodiment illustrated in FIGURE 1A may advantageously be entirely mechanical, and has the 35 advantage of not necessarily having a ventilator or an extractor which is secured in rotation to the drum 10.

9 In this embodiment, at least some suction eyes 16 are disposed toward the outlet end according to a radial symmetry and opposite to the cowling 15 so that the 5 rotation of the drum 10 brings at least one suction eye 16 under the cowling 15 at every revolution. < Toward the outlet end means between the middle of the drum and its outlet end. Preferably, the suction eyes 16 are positioned near the outlet end, even as close as possible thereto. 10 Selective plugging device A selective plugging device 160 allows to selectively uncover (open) or cover (close) each suction eye. It 15 comprises a flange 161 and a movable plug 162. The flange 161 is inserted into a suction eye. In this case, it comprises a main body 161_1 provided with a recess which has a shape which locally cooperates with that of the 20 suction eye and through which the air may be ventilated or extracted from the drum. For a circular shaped suction eye, the flange has a tubular shaped main body whose outer diameter is equal to the diameter of the suction eye, and whose height is greater than or equal to the thickness of 25 the drum 10. The flange is fastened to the drum by any suitable fastening means, for example by welding, screwing or bolting. 30 The flange advantageously comprises a support 161_2, linked to the main body. Preferably, it is expected that the support comprises at least one stop 163 allowing to limit the rotation of the movable plug 162. 35 10 The movable plug is mounted on the flange. In this case, it is mounted in rotation on the support, about an axis of rotation 162_R preferably perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum, and in this case, radial to the 5 axis of rotation of the drum. The movable plug 162 selectively adopts an open position (figure 3A) which uncovers the suction eye 16 and a closed position (figure 3B) which covers the suction eye 10 16, preferably sealingly. The switching from the open position to the closed position is illustrated by the solid arrow in figure 4. The shape of the movable plug is optional, provided that it integrally covers the suction eye 16 or the flange in the closed position. 15 The movable plug 162 advantageously comprises a contact member 164, configured to come into contact with a guide rail described hereinafter. Preferably, there is provided a contact member having a shape with symmetry of 20 rotation whose axis of symmetry is parallel to the axis of rotation of the movable plug. Preferably, the contact member is mounted in rotation about an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of the movable plug. In this case, the contact member 164 is a bearing roller 25 movable in rotation about an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of the movable plug. The advantage of a member movable in rotation relative to a non-movable member is to limit the frictions on the 30 guide rail. As the axis of rotation of the movable plug is parallel to the axis of rotation of the contact member, any force exerted on the contact member in a direction 35 different from this axis of rotation tends to pivot the movable plug.

11 Advantageously, the support 161 and the movable plug 162 both have a substantially planar shape which is tangent to the circumference of the drum, allowing for an easy 5 manufacture, a good plugging and an operation much simpler than if their shape was arched to conform to the circumference of the drum. The movable plug 162 may be full, as illustrated in 10 figure 3A and figure 3B, or comprise a through hole 162_1, preferably circular and whose surface is preferably substantially equal to that of a suction eye, as illustrated in figure 4. The through hole 162 1 is positioned on the movable plug 162 so that the rotation of 15 the movable plug 162 brings the center of the through hole 162_1 on the center of the suction eye 16. Guide rail 20 A guide is also provided, in this case a guide rail. The guide is fixed, that is to say non-movable and non-secured in rotation to the drum, disposed at the periphery thereof and which locally conforms to the shape 25 of the outer face of the drum. For example, the guide is disposed in the cowling 15. In this case, the guide is discontinuous and is in the form of guide portions 40_1, 40_2, advantageously in even 30 number. Preferably, each guide portion is configured to alternately pivot the movable plug in the open or closed position. Each guide portion comprises a main arm 40 11 and a 35 secondary arm 40_12, 40_13, linked by an inflection point 40_I. Preferably, all main arms 40_11 are perpendicular to 12 the axis of rotation of the drum. From the inflection point, a secondary arm is alternately oriented toward the right 40_12 or toward the left 40_13 of the main arm to which it is linked. When a secondary arm of a guide portion 5 is oriented to the right, the secondary arm of the next guide portion is oriented to the left. When a secondary arm of a guide portion is oriented to the left, the secondary arm of the next guide portion is oriented to the right. 10 This alternation allows to sequentially cover and close the suction eye by the movable plug. In operation, the bearing roller 164 comes into contact with a guide portion 40 1. As the guide is fixed 15 relative to the drum, the rotation of the drum allows pivoting the movable plug. Figure 4 is a planar projection of 3 successive suction eyes and illustrates, from the top to the bottom, 20 the rotation of the movable plug and the switching from a closed position (at the top of figure 4) to an open position (in the middle of the figure), and the return to the closed position (at the bottom of the figure). The dash-dot straight line illustrates the radial disposition 25 of the suction eyes. At the top of figure 4, the movable plug is in the closed position, the bearing roller 164 is in contact with a lateral face of the secondary arm 40_12 of a first guide 30 portion 40_1 whose shape allows pivoting the movable plug. The rotation of the drum causes the rotation of the roller 164 along the secondary arm 40 12 and pivots the movable plug 162 about its axis 162_R, which is illustrated by the arrow. 35 13 With the rotation of the drum, the roller 164 follows the guide 40_1 and is passed in contact with the same lateral face of the main arm 40 1 of the first guide portion in the middle of figure 4, which brings the movable 5 plug in the open position. The shape of the main arm 40 11 of the first guide portion 40_1 allows keeping the movable plug in position, in this case, in the open position. 10 With the rotation of the drum, the roller 164 is then passed (at the bottom of figure 4) in contact with the secondary arm 40_13 of a second guide portion 40_2, whose shape allows pivoting the movable plug in order to bring it 15 in the closed position. The shape of the main arm 40 11 of the second guide portion 40_2 allows keeping the movable plug in position, in this case, in the closed position. Preferably, it is expected that the lateral face of 20 the secondary arm of the first guide portion is opposite to the lateral face of the secondary arm of the second guide portion. In a way, the guide acts as a cam and the bearing 25 roller acts as a cam follower. Thus, the only rotation of the drum allows to mechanically open and close the suction eyes. It may be also provided a return member such as a 30 spring for bringing the movable plug from the open to the closed position or vice versa. For example, a return spring mounted between a movable plug and the flange on which it is mounted, is provided. 35 Ventilator 14 The ventilator 17 is configured to inject air into the drum 10 by a blowing orifice 171. Preferably, it is positioned near the inlet hatch of the drum. Advantageously, it is positioned downstream of the inlet 5 hatch 12 in the direction of travel of waste and preferably close to the inlet end of the drum 10 in order to limit the head losses in the feed chute 14. Preferably, the drum is configured so that, in 10 operation, the blowing orifice of the ventilator 17 is positioned above the mass of waste 19 in the drum 10, so as not to send air directly into the mass of waste and reduce the risk of clogging of the ventilator. 15 According to a first variant, figure 1A, the ventilator is stationary, that is to say not secured in the rotation to the drum 10. In this case, it is mounted in the feed chute 14. 20 According to a second variant, figure 2A, figure 5 and figure 6, the ventilator is secured to the rotation of the drum 10. In this case, the blowing orifice of the ventilator is 25 mounted on a suction eye 16 thanks to a flange system 172. The selective plugging device of the suction eyes comprises a movable flap (not illustrated) integrated into the ventilator 17. By default, the flap is in the closed position. The activation of the ventilator switches the 30 clap from the closed position to the open position. The stop of the ventilator switches the flap from the open position to the closed position. A return member, in this case a spring, may be provided to bring the movable flap in the closed position. 35 Extractor 15 It may be also provided an extractor 18. Preferably, the extractor 18 is stationary, positioned at the outlet of the drum 10 and comprises at least one extraction orifice 5 181, intended to be as close as possible to the outer face of the drum, therefore to the suction eyes. A plurality of extraction orifices 181, allowing to extract the air through a plurality of orifices, optionally simultaneously, may be provided. For example, the extractor 18 is linked to 10 the cowling 15, said cowling 15 comprising at least one extraction orifice 181 (figure 1B). The extractor 18 allows channeling the air flow into the drum and preventing malodors from emerging through the 15 feed chute 14 when opening the inlet hatch 12. Preferably, the movable plug of a suction eye 16 is open when the suction eye 16 is facing an extraction orifice 181 and closed otherwise. 20 The extractor 18 is optional. In particular, depending on the waste, a treatment of the gases, therefore an extraction system, may be not required. In this case, the pressure generated by the ventilator 17 may be sufficient 25 so that the air escapes from the opening of a suction eye or the opening of the outlet hatch. The operation of the extractor 18 may be continuous or servo-controlled by the opening of the suction eyes. In 30 particular, an extraction orifice 181 per suction eye 16 may be provided. A gas treatment system, in particular linked to the extractor 18 or to the suction eyes 16, may be provided. 35 Second embodiment 16 In a second embodiment, the air flow generated in the drum is in the direction opposite to the direction of travel of waste. 5 In this second embodiment, it is expected that the ventilator 17 is movable, secured in rotation to the drum 10, as in the second variant of the first embodiment, therefore the description will not be repeated herein. 10 As illustrated in figure 2B, a ventilator 17 per suction eye 16 is provided. Each suction eye 16 is linked to a respective ventilator 17. Each ventilator 17 may be equipped with a movable flap integrated in the ventilator, 15 as described hereinabove. The only difference is that, in this second embodiment, the suction eyes and the associated ventilators are disposed toward the outlet end. In this case, the 20 ventilators are disposed upstream of the outlet hatch 13 in the direction of travel of waste and preferably close to the outlet end of the drum 10. For a driven operation, an automaton allowing to 25 adjust the activation and the flow rate of the ventilator 17 is provided. In this variant, the ventilator 17 is preferably operated only when it is in the upper portion of the drum 30 10, that is to say without contact with the mass of waste 19 of the drum 10. The angular position of a suction eye 16 may be determined for example thanks to a position sensor, in this 35 case an induction sensor, a mechanical sensor or an optical sensor, internal or external to the drum. For example, with 17 a stationary induction sensor and for example disposed on the cowling 15, as the position of the sensor is known, during the rotation of the drum 10, the passage of a suction eye 16 or of the ventilator 17 modifies the 5 measured induction, it is then deduced therefrom that the suction eye 16 or the ventilator 17 is located opposite to the sensor. In the case where several sensors are implemented, it is preferably expected to dispose them according to a radial symmetry. 10 It may be expected to equip the drum 10 with a plurality of position sensors, at the periphery of the drum 10, for example on the cowling 15, which facilitates their energy supply. 15 It may be also expected that a grid is disposed between a given ventilator 17 and the suction eye 16 to which it is linked. 20 The unclogging of a suction eye 16 is ensured by the implementation of the ventilator 17. Besides, it may be expected that the latter regularly emits an air jet. With a ventilator 17 equipped with a flap, it may be expected that the pressure of the emitted air jet is sufficient to switch 25 the flap from the closed position to the open position, the stop of the air jet bringing the flap in the closed position, for example thanks to return means, for example a spring. 30 As described hereinabove, it is preferably provided a non-continuous operation of the ventilator 17. It may be also provided an extractor 18. The extractor 18 is advantageously stationary, positioned at the inlet of 35 the drum 10 and comprises an extraction orifice 181. In this case, the extractor 18 is linked to the feed chute 14.

18 The air is blown by the ventilator 17 in the drum 10, in the direction illustrated by the solid arrow in figure 2A. 5 Between the ventilator 17 and the extractor 18, it is expected to generate an air flow in the direction opposite to the direction of travel of waste in the drum 10. 10 The blowing at the outlet of the drum 10 allows drying the waste, reducing the moisture contained therein, which is particularly advantageous for very wet waste or for limiting possible problems of clogging of the waste downstream of the drum 10. 15 The waste brought at the inlet of the drum is wet and dry throughout their retention time in the drum. Regardless of the embodiment, the waste at the outlet from the drum is drier than that at the inlet of the drum. However, in the 20 second embodiment, as the ventilator is disposed toward the outlet of the drum, there is less ventilation energy needed for drying the waste than in the first embodiment, the drying is better for the same ventilation energy. 25 In the case where an extractor 18 is provided, it is easier to dispose it so that that it is not secured in rotation to the drum. Regardless of the embodiment, it is expected to drive 30 the ventilator 17 and to regulate the extractor 18 in the following manner. It may be expected that the drum is equipped with means, for example optical means, in order to determine the 35 angular position of the suction eyes, so that, in a driven operation, the open or closed position of the movable plug 19 of a given suction eye may be servo-controlled to the angular position thereof. Typically the movable plug is in the open position when the suction eye is in the cowling 15 or out of contact with waste 19, and in the closed position 5 when the suction eye is outside of the cowling 15 or in contact with the waste 19. The present solution improves the aerobic fermentation of the waste in the drum 10 by optimizing the air amount 10 therein. This improvement is valid not only during the day but even more at night, by avoiding that the drum 10 switches to the anaerobic mode. Furthermore, the extractor 18 allows channeling the gas flow to be then treated more easily at the outlet of the drum 10. 15 Numbering drum 10 main body 11 toothed wheel 11_1 20 inlet hatch 12 outlet hatch 13 feed chute 14 cowling 15 suction eyes 16 25 selective plugging device 160 flange 161 flange main body 161_1 flange support 161_2 movable plug 162 30 through hole a movable plug 162_1 axis of rotation of a movable plug 162_R stop 163 contact member 164 Ventilator 17 35 blowing orifice 171 ventilator flange system 172 20 extractor 18 extraction orifice 181 waste 19 first guide portion 40_1 5 second guide portion 40 2 main arm of a guide portion 40_11 secondary arm of a first guide portion 40 12 secondary arm of a second guide portion 40_13

Claims

1. A pre-composting drum (10) comprising a main body (11) , an inlet hatch (12) , an outlet hatch (13) , and 5 optionally a feed chute (14), characterized in that it further comprises: - at least one suction eye (16) - at least one ventilation device (17), and - a selective plugging device (160) per suction eye 10 allowing to selectively uncover or cover said suction eye, said selective plugging device comprising a flange inserted into a suction eye and a movable plug mounted on the flange, said movable plug comprising a contact member configured to come into contact with a guide rail. 15

2. The drum according to claim 1, further comprising a cowling (15) , mounted in the upper portion of the drum (10) 20

3. The drum according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of suction eyes (16), disposed according to a radial symmetry of the main body (11). 25

4. The drum according to claim 3, wherein the suction eyes are disposed opposite to the cowling (15) so as the rotation of the drum (10) brings at least one suction eye (16) under the cowling (15) at each revolution. 30

5. The drum according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising an extraction device (18) of the gases contained in the main body (11)

6. The drum according to any of the preceding claims 35 wherein the flange comprises a support, and wherein the 22 support comprises at least one stop allowing to limit the rotation of the movable plug.

7. The drum according to any one of the preceding 5 claims, wherein the guide rail is fixed and conforms locally to the shape of the outer face of said drum.

8. 'The drum according to claim 8, wherein the guide rail is discontinuous and is in the form of guide rail 10 portions, each guide rail portion being configured to alternately pivot the movable plug in the open or closed position, by contact between the guide rail and the selective plugging device. 15

9. The drum according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the ventilation device comprises a ventilator secured in rotation to the drum (10), a blowing orifice mounted on the flange of a suction eye (16) and a movable flap integrated into the ventilator (17) 20

10. The drum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the axis of rotation of the contact member of the movable plug is parallel to the axis of rotation of said movable plug. 25

11. The drum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact member of the movable plug is a movable bearing roller. 30

12. The drum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the movable plug includes a return member allowing to return said movable pl ug in the closed position.