AU2013207028A1 - Stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization - Google Patents
Stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization Download PDFInfo
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- AU2013207028A1 AU2013207028A1 AU2013207028A AU2013207028A AU2013207028A1 AU 2013207028 A1 AU2013207028 A1 AU 2013207028A1 AU 2013207028 A AU2013207028 A AU 2013207028A AU 2013207028 A AU2013207028 A AU 2013207028A AU 2013207028 A1 AU2013207028 A1 AU 2013207028A1
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- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 93
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 or the like) Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4691—Capacitive deionisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a fluidized capacitive deionization apparatus, and more particularly, provides a scale-up technology of a deionization apparatus constituted by a flow anode, an electrolyte and a flow cathode layer. The fluidized capacitive deionization apparatus is configured in that an electrode material and an electrolyte are supplied and discharged through a respective single inlet/outlet port regardless of the number of stacked unit cells in case FCDi is constituted by stacking unit cells. The fluidized capacitive deionization apparatus has a configuration of unit cells arranged into a compact module in which a flow hole is formed by connecting holes existing in component plates.
Description
1 [DESCRIPTION] [Invention Title] STACKED FLOW-ELECTRODE CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION APPARATUS 5 [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus, and more specifically, to a stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus having unit cells configured so as to be stacked, whereby processing capacity per unit time may be increased by 10 increasing the number of the stacked unit cells. [Background Art] Liquid deionization may be performed by various methods such as evaporation, separation by a membrane, capacitive deionization (CDi), flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDi) or the like. 15 Among these techniques, a CDi process is known as the highest energy efficiency technique, while the FCDi is a process unnecessary a continuous process and an active material coating, and is evaluated as a new technique in the deionization field. In particular, because the FCDi process can simultaneously store energy 20 at the time of storing adsorbed ions in a separate vessel, it has been evaluated as a technique available in the fields of energy storage as well as deionization. In addition, a module having the above-described configuration may perform a function of a battery through an operation opposite to the deionization process. 25 The present inventors have filed a patent in consideration of the above described characteristics (see Korean Patent Application No. 10-2010-0078543 and corresponding International Patent Application No. PCT/KR2011/006010). In order to increase the processing capacity, the above patent discloses a configuration in which a plurality of independent unit cells are connected with 30 each other in parallel. However, in case of increasing the processing capacity by using the above-described configuration, tubes configured to connect inlets and outlets for 2 two kinds of electrode active materials and electrolyte should be installed in a single FCDi apparatus. Therefore, a configuration of an entire system is complicated and a volume thereof is increased according to the increase of the processing capacity. 5 [Disclosure] [Technical Problem] In consideration of the above-described circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a compact modulated unit cell having a configuration in which communication holes are defined by connecting holes 10 formed in component plates, and supply and discharge of electrode active materials and an electrolyte are performed through a single inlet and outlet, respectively, regardless of the number of the stacked unit cells, when forming a FCDi apparatus by stacking the unit cells. Another object of the present invention is to provide a module with 15 increased processing capacity per unit time by increasing the number of the stacked unit cells in the FCDi process. According to the above-described configuration, even if the unit cells are repeatedly stacked to increase the processing capacity, the number of the inlets and outlets for the cathode and anode active materials, and the electrolyte 20 becomes a configuration of unit connecting tubes identical to the unit cells, respectively, thereby it is possible to enhance competitiveness in terms of costs and volume, compared to a conventional capacity increasing method by connecting the unit cells in parallel. [Technical Solution] 25 According to the present invention, there is provided a stacked flow electrode capacitive deionization apparatus, including: at least one stacked unit cells including: an anode active material flow path, which is configured to flow an anode active material and is formed by an anode active material supply channel, an anode active material transfer channel, and an anode active material 30 discharge channel; a cathode active material flow path, which is configured to flow a cathode active material and is formed by a cathode active material supply channel, a cathode active material transfer channel, and a cathode active material discharge channel; and an electrolyte flow path, which is configured to 3 flow an electrolyte and is formed by an electrolyte supply channel, an electrolyte transfer channel, and an electrolyte discharge channel, wherein the anode active material transfer channel and the electrolyte transfer channel are in contact with each other by an anion separation membrane, the cathode active material 5 transfer channel and the electrolyte transfer channel are in contact with each other by a cation separation membrane, and the anode active material supply channel and the anode active material discharge channel, the cathode active material supply channel and the cathode active material discharge channel, and the electrolyte supply channel and the electrolyte discharge channel are isolated 10 from each other, respectively; an upper plate which is arranged at a top of the stacked unit cells; and a lower plate which is arranged at a bottom of the stacked unit cells, wherein a pair of anode tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the anode active material flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, a pair of cathode tubes which are connected to 15 opposite ends of the cathode active material flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, a pair of electrolyte tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the electrolyte flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, and the anode active material flow path is connected to a positive terminal, and the cathode active material flow path 20 is connected to a negative terminal. Herein, the unit cell includes: a unilateral cathode transfer plate having a unilateral cathode channel which is exposed to an upside; a cation separation membrane which is stacked on the unilateral cathode transfer plate; an electrolyte transfer plate which is stacked on the cation separation membrane and has an 25 electrolyte channel which is exposed to both sides; an anion separation membrane which is stacked on the electrolyte transfer plate; and a unilateral anode transfer plate which is stacked on the anion separation membrane and has a unilateral anode channel which is exposed to a downside. In addition, the unit cell includes: a bilateral anode transfer plate having a bilateral anode channel 30 which is exposed to both sides; a cation separation membrane which is attached under the bilateral anode transfer plate; an electrolyte transfer plate which is attached under the anion separation membrane and has an electrolyte channel which is exposed to both sides; a cation separation membrane which is attached 4 under the electrolyte transfer plate; a bilateral cathode transfer plate which is attached under the cation separation membrane and has a bilateral cathode channel which is exposed to both sides; a cation separation membrane which is disposed under the bilateral cathode transfer plate; an electrolyte transfer plate 5 which is attached under the cation separation membrane and has an electrolyte channel which is exposed to both sides; and an anion separation membrane which is disposed under the electrolyte transfer plate. Further, each of the unilateral cathode transfer plate, the cation separation membrane, the electrolyte transfer plate, the anion separation membrane, and 10 the unilateral anode transfer plate has a first anode hole, a second anode hole, a first cathode hole, a second cathode hole, a first electrolyte hole, and a second electrolyte hole, which are formed therein so as to be isolated from each other, respectively, wherein the first anode hole and the second anode hole are communicated with each other through the unilateral anode channel, the first 15 cathode hole and the second cathode hole are communicated with each other through the unilateral cathode channel, and the first electrolyte hole and the second electrolyte hole are communicated with each other through the electrolyte channel, any one of the first anode hole and the second anode hole is electrically with the positive terminal, and any one of the first cathode hole and the second 20 cathode hole is electrically with the negative terminal. [Advantageous Effects] By the configuration of stacked unit cells according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus with increased processing capacity. 25 According to the present invention, a more compact apparatus may be provided than the configuration in which independent unit cells are connected in parallel to increase FCDi capacity. Thereby, it is expected to contribute to the commercialization of an apparatus for large capacity deionization, wastewater treatment, energy storage, energy production or the like. 30 [Description of Drawings] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an operation principle of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus.
5 FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a unilateral anode transfer plate used in the flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 2 as seen from a bottom 5 thereof. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken on line A-A of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an electrolyte transfer plate used in the flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 2 FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken on line B-B of FIG. 5. 10 FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a unilateral cathode transfer plate used in the flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 2. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on line E-E of FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a partially assembled state of the flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 2. 15 FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a fully assembled state of the flow electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 2. FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a partially assembled state of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 20 FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a bilateral cathode transfer plate used in the flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 12. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken on line D-D of FIG. 13. 25 FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a bilateral anode transfer plate used in the flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 12. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken on line E-E of FIG. 15. FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a partially assembled state of the flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 12. 30 FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating an assembled state of the flow electrode capacitive deionization apparatus of FIG. 12.
6 FIG. 19 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a partially assembled state of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a partially assembled 5 state of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Best Mode] Hereinafter, preferable embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to the 10 drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views. In the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description of publicly known functions and configurations that are judged to be able to make the purport of the present invention unnecessarily obscure are omitted. 15 The present invention provides a stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus configured in such a manner that unit cells are repeatedly stacked to increase the processing capacity. First, a flow capacitive deionization (FCDi) apparatus 1 is an apparatus disclosed in Korean Patent Application No. 10-2010-0078543 disclosed by the 20 present inventor, and uses a method of replacing a fixed electrode employed in a capacitive deionization (CDI) technique by a flow electrode so as to concentrate an electrolyte to a high concentration. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the flow capacitive deionization apparatus 1 includes a flow anode 10 having an anode active material 12 flowed through an 25 anode flow path 14 formed between an anode current collector 11 and an anode separation membrane 13, and a flow cathode 20 having a cathode active material 22 flowed through a cathode flow path 24 formed between a cathode current collector 21 and a cathode separation membrane 23. When an electrolyte 30 is flowed through an electrolyte flow path 34 formed between the anode separation 30 membrane 13 and the cathode separation membrane 23, ions are removed from the electrolyte 30, and therefore electrolyte solution may be concentrated. Herein, the anode current collector 11, the cathode current collector 21, and the anode separation membrane 13 may use any one used in a conventional 7 flow-electrode system (a battery, an accumulator, or the like), and a person having ordinary skill in the art may adequately select and use according to the intended use and conditions thereof. Electrode materials such as the anode active material 12 and the cathode 5 active material 22 may use porous carbon (active carbon, carbon fiber, carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or the like), graphite powder, metal oxide powder or the like, and may be used in a flow-electrode state by being mixed with the electrolyte. The anode active material and the cathode active material may use different materials from each other, as well as may use the same material as 10 each other. The anode flow path 14 and the cathode flow path 24 may have the same or less than the distance between the electrode current collector and the separation membrane. Conventionally, because the electrode active material is fixed, a size of the flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus becomes 15 large in order to obtain a capacity of active material necessary to charge and discharge. Therefore, the distance between the electrode current collector and the separation membrane is limited to a certain range. However, since the electrode active material may be continuously supplied in the above-described flow capacitive deionization apparatus 1, a design for the flow paths may be freely 20 changed according to the intended use or used active material without such a limitation. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the anode flow path 14 and the cathode flow path 24 may be used in a range of several tens of m to several mm. Similarly, since the electrolyte may also be continuously supplied, a design for the electrolyte flow path 34 may be 25 adequately changed without limitation due to the size of the flow-electrode system. In addition, the anode separation membrane 13 and the cathode separation membrane 23 may be a microporous insulation separator or an ion exchange (conductive) membrane. The anode separation membrane 13 and the 30 cathode separation membrane 23 are installed for electrical and physical separation of ions. Herein, the microporous insulation separator may move only ions therethrough, and the ion-exchange (conductive) membrane may selectively move cations or anions therethrough.
8 Accordingly, if concentrated water as the electrolyte 30 passes through the electrolyte flow path 34 of the flow capacitive deionization apparatus 1 in which a potential difference is generated through a supply means (not illustrated), for example, it is desalted (deionized), and the electrolyte in the concentrated water 5 is separated and moved to the anode flow path 14 and the cathode flow path 24, whereby desalination thereof may be accomplished. Therefore, water treatment with only a very low energy cost may be achieved compared to a conventional evaporation or reverse osmosis (RO) process, and the processing capacity may be increased on a large scale. 10 Hereinafter, stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatuses 100, 102, 104, 106 and 108 according to the present invention will be described in detail based on such an operation principle. FIG. 1 illustrates the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 15 The stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100 generally includes an upper plate 110 and a lower plate 170, and a unit cell 101 which is arranged between the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 170. Supply holes and discharge holes for anode and cathode active materials are formed in the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 170, respectively. That is, 20 a moving direction of the anode and cathode active materials, and the electrolyte may be changed as necessary. In addition, the supply holes and discharge holes may be wholly arranged in any one of the upper and lower plates or may be separately arranged in both thereof. However, for the convenience of description, in the stacked flow-electrode 25 capacitive deionization apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, the electrolyte and anode active material are supplied to the upper plate 110 and are discharged from the lower plate 170, while the cathode active material is supplied to the lower plate 170 and discharged from the upper plate 110. For this: the upper plate 110 is provided with an upper anode tube 111, an upper electrolyte tube 115, and an 30 upper cathode tube 114; and the lower plate 170 is provided with a lower anode tube 176, a lower electrolyte tube 172, and a lower cathode tube 173. The unit cell 101 includes an anode transfer plate 120, a cathode transfer plate 160, and an electrolyte transfer plate 140 which is disposed between the 9 anode transfer plate 120 and the cathode transfer plate 160 to move the electrolyte. In addition, the unit cell 101 includes an anion separation membrane 130 which is disposed between the anode transfer plate 120 and the electrolyte transfer plate 140 to prevent direct contact between the anode active material and 5 the electrolyte. Further, the unit cell includes a cation separation membrane 150 which is disposed between the electrolyte transfer plate 140 and the cathode transfer plate 160 to prevent direct contact between the cathode active material and the electrolyte. The anode transfer plate 120 and the cation separation membrane 150 are 10 made of a conductive metal, or when they are made of a nonconductive material, it is preferable that a conductive material is coated on a surface of the flow path along which the active material is to be flowed so as to supply power to the electrode active materials. In addition, the electrolyte transfer plate 140 is made of a nonconductive metal, or when they are made of the conductive material, the 15 nonconductive material is coated on a portion contacting with the electrolyte so as to prevent energization between the anode and the cathode. Each of the anode transfer plate 120, the anion separation membrane 130, the electrolyte transfer plate 140, the cation separation membrane 150 and the cathode transfer plate 160 is provided with first anode holes 121, 131, 141, 151 20 and 161, second anode holes 126, 136, 146, 156 and 166, first electrolyte holes 122, 132, 142, 152 and 162, second electrolyte holes 125, 135, 145, 155 and 165, first cathode holes 123, 133, 143, 153 and 163, and second cathode holes 124, 134, 144, 154 and 164, which are formed therein so as to be isolated from each other. The first anode holes 121, 131, 141, 151 and 161, the second anode 25 holes 126, 136, 146, 156 and 166, the first electrolyte holes 122, 132, 142, 152 and 162, the second electrolyte holes 125, 135, 145, 155 and 165, the first cathode holes 123, 133, 143, 153 and 163, and the second cathode holes 124, 134, 144, 154 and 164 are formed at the same position in the anode transfer plate 120, the anion separation membrane 130, the electrolyte transfer plate 140, 30 the cation separation membrane 150, and the cathode transfer plate 160, respectively. Therefore, when the anode transfer plate 120, the anion separation membrane 130, the electrolyte transfer plate 140, the cation separation membrane 150, and the cathode transfer plate 160 are stacked, a plurality of 10 tubular bodies are formed therein to be communicated with each other. In addition, the upper anode tube 111, the upper electrolyte tube 115, the upper cathode tube 114, the lower anode tube 176, the lower electrolyte tube 172, and the lower cathode tube 173 are also disposed at positions to be communicated 5 with the tubular bodies, respectively. A unilateral anode channel 127 is formed in a lower portion of the anode transfer plate 120 to communicate the first anode hole 121 and the second anode hole 126. The unilateral anode channel 127 is formed, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, so as to be exposed to a downside. Any one of the first anode hole 121 10 and the second anode hole 126 is provide with a positive terminal 128 to be electrically connected with a positive electrode of a power supply. The anion separation membrane 130 is made of a polymeric membrane containing a sulfonic acid group (S03-), a carboxyl group (COO-), a phosphate group (P0 4 ), and the like, and the cation separation membrane 150 is made of 15 polymeric membrane material with primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary ammonium groups attached thereto, which are capable of exchanging anions. A unilateral cathode channel 167 is formed in an upper portion of the cathode transfer plate 160 to communicate the first cathode hole 123 and the second cathode hole 124 with each other. The unilateral cathode channel 167 is 20 formed, as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, so as to be exposed to an upside. Any one of the first cathode hole 123 and the second cathode hole 124 is provide with a negative terminal 168 to be electrically connected with a negative electrode of the power supply. An electrolyte channel 147 is formed in the electrolyte transfer plate 140 by 25 vertically penetrating so as to communicate the first electrolyte hole 132 and the second electrolyte hole 134 with each other, so that the electrolyte contacts with the anion separation membrane 130 and the cation separation membrane 150 while flowing the electrolyte therein. The shape of the unilateral anode channel 127, the electrolyte channel 30 147, and the unilateral cathode channel 167 is not particularly limited, and in order to increase a contact area with the ions, it is possible to be changed in various shapes (e.g., a mesh structure).
11 The stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment is basically configured as described above. Therefore, when the anode transfer plate 120, the anion separation membrane 130, the electrolyte transfer plate 140, the cation separation membrane 150, and 5 the cathode transfer plate 160 are stacked to form a unit cell, and the upper plate 110 and the lower plate 170 are adhered to the top and bottom thereof, the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100 is completed, as illustrated in FIG. 9. Hereinafter, an operation of the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100 will be described. 10 As described above, the supply and discharge of the anode and cathode active materials, and the electrolyte are selectively performed in the upper anode tube 111, the upper electrolyte tube 115, and the upper cathode tube 114 which are disposed on the upper surface of the upper plate 110 and the lower anode tube 176, and the lower electrolyte tube 172 and the lower cathode tube 173 15 which are disposed on the lower surface of the lower plate 170. However, as an example of the description: the anode active material is supplied to the upper anode tube 111 and is discharged from the lower anode tube 176; the electrolyte is supplied to the upper electrolyte tube 115 and is discharged from the lower electrolyte tube 172; and the cathode active material is supplied to the lower 20 cathode tube 173 and is discharged from the upper cathode tube 114. First, the anode active material is supplied to the upper anode tube 111, and flows through an anode active material supply channel formed by sequentially stacking the first anode holes 121, 131, 141, 151 and 161 which are respectively formed in the anode transfer plate 120, the anion separation 25 membrane 130, the electrolyte transfer plate 140, the cation separation membrane 150, and the cathode transfer plate 160. In addition, the anode active material flows through the unilateral anode channel 127 which is an anode active material transfer channel in the anode transfer plate 120, passes through an anode active material discharge channel formed by sequentially stacking the 30 second anode holes 126, 136, 146, 156 and 166, and is discharged from the lower anode tube 176 of the lower plate 170. The cathode active material is supplied to the lower cathode tube 173, and flows through a cathode active material supply channel formed by sequentially 12 stacking the second cathode holes 124, 134, 144, 154 and 164 which are respectively formed in the anode transfer plate 120, the anion separation membrane 130, the electrolyte transfer plate 140, the cation separation membrane 150, and the cathode transfer plate 160. 5 Then, the cathode active material flows through the unilateral cathode channel 167 which is a cathode active material transfer channel in the cathode transfer plate 160, passes through a cathode active material discharge channel formed by sequentially stacking the first cathode holes 123, 133, 143, 153 and 163, and is discharged from the upper cathode tube 114 of the upper plate 110. 10 The electrolyte is supplied to the upper electrolyte tube 115, and flows through an electrolyte supply channel formed by sequentially stacking the second electrolyte holes 125, 135, 145, 155 and 165 which are respectively formed in the anode transfer plate 120, the anion separation membrane 130, the electrolyte transfer plate 140, the cation separation membrane 150, and the cathode transfer 15 plate 160. Then, the electrolyte flows through the electrolyte channel 147 which is an electrolyte transfer channel in the electrolyte transfer plate 140, passes through an electrolyte discharge channel formed by sequentially stacking the first electrolyte holes 122, 132, 142, 152 and 162, and is discharged from the lower 20 electrolyte tube 172 of the lower plate 170. At this time, when DC power is supplied to the anode and cathode active materials, these materials play a role of electrodes. Therefore, anions of the electrolyte passing through the electrolyte channel 147 inflow into the unilateral anode channel 127 through the anion separation membrane 130, and cations of 25 the electrolyte passing through the electrolyte channel 147 inflow into the unilateral cathode channel 167 through the cation separation membrane 150. Next, a stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 102 according to a second embodiment will be described. The stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 102 is configured by stacking a plurality of the 30 unit cells 101 compared to the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100, as illustrated in FIG. 11. Even when stacking the unit cells 101, all operation principles of this embodiment are the same as the first embodiment, except that the length of the 13 anode active material supply channel and anode active material discharge channel, the cathode active material supply channel and cathode active material discharge channel, and the electrolyte supply channel and the electrolyte discharge channel is increased. Therefore, the processing capability of the 5 stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 102 may be easily doubled only by stacking the plurality of unit cells 101. Next, a stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 104 according to a third embodiment will be described. The stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 104 is configured to reduce the number of 10 components used in a unit cell 105 compared to the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100. That is, in the adjacent unit cells 101 of the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100, the cathode transfer plate of the upper unit cell and the anode transfer plate of the lower unit cell are isolated from each other. On the other hand, the stacked flow-electrode 15 capacitive deionization apparatus 104 of the third embodiment is provided with a bilateral anode channel 197 and a bilateral cathode channel 187 which are respectively formed in an anode transfer plate 190 and a cathode transfer plate 180 to be exposed to both sides thereof. Thereby, when stacking the unit cells 105, the anion separation membranes 130 may be located on the upside and 20 downside of one anode transfer plate 190, similarly, the cation separation membranes 150 may be located on the upside and downside of one cathode transfer plate 180. Accordingly, since the area of the separation membrane per electrode unit area may be doubled, an entire height of the unit cells 105 may be reduced. 25 The unit cell 105 may include, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the anode transfer plate 190, an anion separation membrane 130, an electrolyte transfer plate 140, a cation separation membrane 150, a cathode transfer plate 180, a cation transfer plate 150, an electrolyte transfer plate 140, and an anion separation membrane 130. 30 Then, a stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 106 according to a fourth embodiment will be described. The stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 106 is configured by stacking a plurality of the unit cells 105 of the third embodiment, and therefore all operation principles 14 thereof are the same as the third embodiment. When stacking the unit cells 105, the length of the anode active material supply channel and anode active material discharge channel, the cathode active material supply channel and cathode active material discharge channel, and the electrolyte supply channel and the 5 electrolyte discharge channel may be increased. Therefore, the processing capability of the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 106 may be easily doubled only by stacking the plurality of unit cells 105. Last, a stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 108 according to a fifth embodiment will be described. The stacked flow-electrode 10 capacitive deionization apparatus 108 is configured in such a manner that the tubular bodies are connected to one side of any one of an upper plate 200 and a lower plate 210. Therefore, when a system is formed by using a plurality of the deionization apparatuses, convenience in design may be provided. Specifically, the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 108 includes the 15 upper plate 200 on which first and second anode tubes 201 and 206, first and second cathode tubes 202 and 203, and first and second electrolyte tubes 204 and 205 are disposed, and the lower plate 210 which is a simple plate. Therefore, the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 108 has a merit of being capable of reducing the installation space by disposing the tubes 20 to only one side thereof, compared to the stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 100 of the first embodiment. While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above described embodiments, and it will be understood by those skilled in the related 25 art that various modifications and variations may be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. [Description of Reference Numerals] 1: flow capacitive deionization apparatus, 10: anode 30 11: anode current collector, 12: anode active material 13: anode separation membrane, 14: anode flow path 20: cathode, 21: cathode current collector 22: cathode active material, 23: cathode separation membrane 15 24: cathode flow path, 30: electrolyte 34: electrolyte flow path 100, 102, 104, 106, 108: stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus 5 101, 105: unit cell, 110, 200: upper plate 111: upper anode tube, 115: upper electrolyte tube 114: upper cathode tube, 120, 190: anode transfer plate 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 181, 191: first anode hole 122, 132, 142, 152, 162, 182, 192: first electrolyte hole 10 123, 133, 143, 153, 163, 183, 193: first cathode hole 124, 134, 144, 154, 164, 184, 194: second cathode hole 125, 135, 145, 155, 165, 185, 195: second electrolyte hole 126, 136, 146, 156, 166, 186, 196: second anode hole 128, 198: positive terminal, 168, 188: negative terminal 15 127: unilateral anode channel, 130: anion separation membrane 140: electrolyte transfer plate, 150: cation separation membrane 160, 180: cathode transfer plate, 167: unilateral cathode channel 170, 210: lower plate, 172: lower electrolyte tube 173: lower cathode tube, 176: lower anode tube 20 187: bilateral cathode channel, 197: bilateral anode channel 201: first anode tube, 202: first cathode tube 203: second cathode tube, 204: first electrolyte tube 205: second electrolyte tube, 206: second anode tube
Claims (5)
1. A stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus, comprising: at least one stacked unit cells including: an anode active material flow path, which is configured to flow an anode active material and is formed by an 5 anode active material supply channel, an anode active material transfer channel, and an anode active material discharge channel; a cathode active material flow path, which is configured to flow a cathode active material and is formed by a cathode active material supply channel, a cathode active material transfer channel, and a cathode active material discharge channel; and an electrolyte flow 10 path, which is configured to flow an electrolyte and is formed by an electrolyte supply channel, an electrolyte transfer channel, and an electrolyte discharge channel, wherein the anode active material transfer channel and the electrolyte transfer channel are in contact with each other by an anion separation membrane, the cathode active material transfer channel and the electrolyte 15 transfer channel are in contact with each other by a cation separation membrane, and the anode active material supply channel and the anode active material discharge channel, the cathode active material supply channel and the cathode active material discharge channel, and the electrolyte supply channel and the electrolyte discharge channel are isolated from each other, respectively; 20 an upper plate which is arranged at a top of the stacked unit cells; and a lower plate which is arranged at a bottom of the stacked unit cells, wherein a pair of anode tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the anode active material flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, 25 a pair of cathode tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the cathode active material flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, a pair of electrolyte tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the electrolyte flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the 30 lower plate, and the anode active material flow path is connected to a positive terminal, and the cathode active material flow path is connected to a negative terminal. 17
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the unit cell includes: a unilateral cathode transfer plate having a unilateral cathode channel which is exposed to an upside; a cation separation membrane which is stacked on the unilateral cathode transfer plate; an electrolyte transfer plate which is stacked on 5 the cation separation membrane and has an electrolyte channel which is exposed to both sides; an anion separation membrane which is stacked on the electrolyte transfer plate; and a unilateral anode transfer plate which is stacked on the anion separation membrane and has a unilateral anode channel which is exposed to a downside, 10 each of the unilateral cathode transfer plate, the cation separation membrane, the electrolyte transfer plate, the anion separation membrane, and the unilateral anode transfer plate has a first anode hole, a second anode hole, a first cathode hole, a second cathode hole, a first electrolyte hole, and a second electrolyte hole, which are formed therein so as to be isolated from each other, 15 respectively, wherein the first anode hole and the second anode hole are communicated with each other through the unilateral anode channel, the first cathode hole and the second cathode hole are communicated with each other through the unilateral cathode channel, and the first electrolyte hole and the second electrolyte hole are communicated with each other through the electrolyte 20 channel, any one of the first anode hole and the second anode hole is electrically with the positive terminal, and any one of the first cathode hole and the second cathode hole is electrically with the negative terminal. 25
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the unit cell includes: a bilateral anode transfer plate having a bilateral anode channel which is exposed to both sides; a cation separation membrane which is attached under the bilateral anode transfer plate; an electrolyte transfer plate which is attached under the anion separation membrane and has an electrolyte channel which is exposed to 30 both sides; a cation separation membrane which is attached under the electrolyte transfer plate; a bilateral cathode transfer plate which is attached under the cation separation membrane and has a bilateral cathode channel which is exposed to 18 both sides; a cation separation membrane which is disposed under the bilateral cathode transfer plate; an electrolyte transfer plate which is attached under the cation separation membrane and has an electrolyte channel which is exposed to both sides; and an anion separation membrane which is disposed under the 5 electrolyte transfer plate, each of the bilateral cathode transfer plate, the cation separation membrane, the electrolyte transfer plate, the anion separation membrane, and the bilateral anode transfer plate has a first anode hole, a second anode hole, a first cathode hole, a second cathode hole, a first electrolyte hole, and a second 10 electrolyte hole, which are formed therein so as to be isolated from each other, respectively, wherein the first anode hole and the second anode hole are communicated with each other through the bilateral anode channel, the first cathode hole and the second cathode hole are communicated with each other through the bilateral cathode channel, and the first electrolyte hole and the 15 second electrolyte hole are communicated with each other through the electrolyte channel, any one of the first anode hole and the second anode hole is electrically with the positive terminal, and any one of the first cathode hole and the second cathode hole is 20 electrically with the negative terminal.
4. A stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus, comprising: at least one stacked unit cells including: a unilateral cathode transfer plate having a unilateral cathode channel which is exposed to an upside; a cation separation membrane which is stacked on the unilateral cathode transfer plate; 25 an electrolyte transfer plate which is stacked on the cation separation membrane and has an electrolyte channel which is exposed to both sides; an anion separation membrane which is stacked on the electrolyte transfer plate; and a unilateral anode transfer plate which is stacked on the anion separation membrane and has a unilateral anode channel which is exposed to a downside; 30 an upper plate which is arranged at a top of the stacked unit cells; and a lower plate which is arranged at a bottom of the stacked unit cells, 19 wherein a pair of anode tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the anode active material flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, a pair of cathode tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the 5 cathode active material flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, a pair of electrolyte tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the electrolyte flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, 10 each of the unilateral cathode transfer plate, the cation separation membrane, the electrolyte transfer plate, the anion separation membrane, and the unilateral anode transfer plate has a first anode hole, a second anode hole, a first cathode hole, a second cathode hole, a first electrolyte hole, and a second electrolyte hole, which are formed therein so as to be isolated from each other, 15 respectively, wherein the first anode hole and the second anode hole are communicated with each other through the unilateral anode channel, the first cathode hole and the second cathode hole are communicated with each other through the unilateral cathode channel, and the first electrolyte hole and the second electrolyte hole are communicated with each other through the electrolyte 20 channel, any one of the first anode hole and the second anode hole is electrically with a positive terminal, and any one of the first cathode hole and the second cathode hole is electrically with a negative terminal. 25
5. A stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization apparatus, comprising: at least one stacked unit cells including: a bilateral anode transfer plate having a bilateral anode channel which is exposed to both sides; a cation separation membrane which is attached under the bilateral anode transfer plate; an electrolyte transfer plate which is attached under the anion separation 30 membrane and has an electrolyte channel which is exposed to both sides; a cation separation membrane which is attached under the electrolyte transfer plate; a bilateral cathode transfer plate which is attached under the cation 20 separation membrane and has a bilateral cathode channel which is exposed to both sides; a cation separation membrane which is disposed under the bilateral cathode transfer plate; an electrolyte transfer plate which is attached under the cation separation membrane and has an electrolyte channel which is exposed to 5 both sides; and an anion separation membrane which is disposed under the electrolyte transfer plate, an upper plate which is arranged at a top of the stacked unit cells; and a lower plate which is arranged at a bottom of the stacked unit cells, wherein a pair of anode tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the 10 anode active material flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, a pair of cathode tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the cathode active material flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, 15 a pair of electrolyte tubes which are connected to opposite ends of the electrolyte flow path are disposed on any one or both of the upper plate and the lower plate, each of the bilateral cathode transfer plate, the cation separation membrane, the electrolyte transfer plate, the anion separation membrane, and 20 the bilateral anode transfer plate has a first anode hole, a second anode hole, a first cathode hole, a second cathode hole, a first electrolyte hole, and a second electrolyte hole, which are formed therein so as to be isolated from each other, respectively, wherein the first anode hole and the second anode hole are communicated with each other through the bilateral anode channel, the first 25 cathode hole and the second cathode hole are communicated with each other through the bilateral cathode channel, and the first electrolyte hole and the second electrolyte hole are communicated with each other through the electrolyte channel, any one of the first anode hole and the second anode hole is electrically 30 with a positive terminal, and 21 any one of the first cathode hole and the second cathode hole is electrically with a negative terminal. KOREA INSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH WATERMARK PATENT AND TRADE MARKS ATTORNEYS P39194AU00
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2012-0002171 | 2012-01-06 | ||
| KR1020120002171A KR101282794B1 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2012-01-06 | Stack-type flow capacitive deionization device |
| PCT/KR2013/000007 WO2013103236A1 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2013-01-02 | Stacked fluidized capacitive deionization apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2013207028A1 true AU2013207028A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| AU2013207028A Abandoned AU2013207028A1 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2013-01-02 | Stacked flow-electrode capacitive deionization |
Country Status (3)
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| KR (1) | KR101282794B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013207028A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013103236A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015089290A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-18 | Oregon State University | Microscale-based device for purifying fluid and method of use |
| EP3045431A1 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-20 | DWI - Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V. | Apparatus and method for continuous water desalination and ion separation by flow electrode capacitive deionization |
| CN109704442B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2021-07-16 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Electrode plate structure for seawater acidification device |
| EP3647275A1 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-06 | DWI - Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V. | Flexible, one-sided membrane-electrode assemblies for use in electrochemical processes, eletrochemical modules comprising the same, and methods for liquid desalination, ion separation and concentration |
| CN112939158B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-03-28 | 同济大学 | Flow electrode capacitance deionization and amplification device based on front current collector |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4190703A (en) * | 1977-07-07 | 1980-02-26 | Solomon Zaromb | Fluidized-bed electrodes and related apparatus and methods |
| US6274020B1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-08-14 | Ernst Schmidt | Electrodialysis membrane and gasket stack system |
| KR100460225B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-12-08 | 한국전력공사 | Apparatus and method for purifying water through an electrical adsorption-desorption cycle using an activated carbon electrode with both positive and negative |
| KR100915338B1 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2009-09-03 | (주) 시온텍 | A structure for composing an apparatus for purifying water through an electrical adsorption-desorption cycle |
| KR101226488B1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2013-01-25 | 한국전력공사 | Water treatment system by electrosorption |
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- 2012-01-06 KR KR1020120002171A patent/KR101282794B1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 2013-01-02 WO PCT/KR2013/000007 patent/WO2013103236A1/en active Application Filing
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| WO2013103236A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
| KR101282794B1 (en) | 2013-07-05 |
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| DA3 | Amendments made section 104 |
Free format text: THE NATURE OF THE AMENDMENT IS: AMEND THE INVENTION TITLE TO READ STACKED FLOW-ELECTRODE CAPACITIVEDEIONIZATION |
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| MK5 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(e) - patent request and compl. specification not accepted |