AU2013100304B4 - Method and system for oblique scaffold connection - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract A scaffold connection assembly (1), for use with modular scaffolding (2) of the type formed from a matrix of interconnected scaffold bays, to connect a first scaffold bay (20) to a second scaffold bay (22). The connection assembly includes a first connecting element (30) including a first pair of connecting formations (31) laterally spaced apart by a first distance (A) and adapted for connection to adjacent inner portions of the respective first and second scaffold bays, and a second connecting element (40) including a second pair of connecting formations (41) laterally spaced apart by a second distance (B) and adapted for connection to adjacent outer portions of the respective first and second scaffold bays. The first distance is different from the second distance, such that upon engagement of the connection assembly between the first and second scaffold bays, the first scaffold bay is oriented obliquely with respect to the second scaffold bay.

Description

"Method and System for Oblique Scaffold Connection" Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates generally to scaffolding and more particularly to an improved method, apparatus and system for erecting or extending scaffolding. The invention has been developed primarily for use in the erection of scaffolding around curved, complex or irregularly shaped architectural, building or civil engineering structures and will be described predominantly in that context. It should be appreciated, however, that the invention is not limited to these specific applications. Background of the Invention [0002] The following discussion of the prior art is intended to facilitate an understanding of the invention and to enable the advantages of it to be more fully understood. It should be appreciated, however, that any reference to prior art throughout the specification should not be construed as an express or implied admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field. [0003] Scaffolding is a form of temporary framing typically used to support people and materials during the construction or maintenance of buildings or other large structures. It is usually modular, based on a combination of elongate tubes or rods and associated connecting elements. Most modern scaffolding is assembled from a combination of tubular metal framing elements - usually formed from steel or aluminium - in predetermined lengths and incorporating complementary end fittings. Decking boards, typically formed from timber or metal (steel or aluminium), are positioned to extend horizontally between the framing elements, to provide a working surface, platform or "decking" for workers on the scaffold. [0004] The primary framing elements of a typical scaffold include "standards", "ledgers", "transoms" and "cross braces". Standards are upright or vertical support elements that transfer loads resulting from the mass of the structure to the ground, a base or some other suitable supporting platform. Ledgers are horizontal members connected so as to extend between the standards. Transoms are typically shorter elements, positioned to extend horizontally between the ledgers, to provide support for the decking boards. Cross braces are typically positioned to extend diagonally between -2 adjacent standards, to increase the rigidity of the scaffold structure. Various types of complementary special purpose end fittings or "couplers" are typically used to releaseably connect the various framing and decking elements together in a range of different orientations and configurations. [0005] For a general-purpose scaffold, the modular elements are usually assembled to form a contiguous matrix of rectangular prismatic "bays". The dimensions of these bays can vary according to the intended application and design loading. However, for typical applications, the bay length is usually around 2.4 m. The bay width is also determined by the intended use of the scaffold, which in turn affects the number and width of the associated decking boards. The minimum acceptable width is usually 440 mm. Platform widths typically extend beyond that minimum in discrete multiples of approximately 220 mm, this distance corresponding to the width of a standard decking board. Thus, a typical four-board scaffold would be around 880 mm in width, from standard to standard. The height or "lift" of each bay is typically around 2 m, although the base lift can sometimes be larger. Transom spacing is determined by the length and strength of the decking boards to be supported, but usually ranges from 1.2 m to 3.5 m. [0006] Modular scaffolding can be assembled in a variety of ways according to the intended application. However, the spacing and positioning of the primary structural elements tends to be relatively standardised for particular applications according to prevailing safety standards, building and construction codes, manufacturers' recommendations and established best practice. These factors are well known and understood by those skilled in the art, and so need not be described in further detail. [0007] Conventional scaffolding is based around the interconnection of a series of discrete rectangular prismatic scaffold bays in substantially contiguous relationship to form the composite scaffold matrix structure. Hence, there are fundamental limitations around the overall positions, orientations and directional changes that can be readily achieved in practice. For example, scaffold bays can be joined end-to-end to follow a straight line in a given direction, joined side-to-end to create a 900 change of direction, or joined side-to-side to create a discrete lateral displacement in the same direction. Adjoining scaffold bays can also be joined end-to-end in a partially offset relationship so as to create smaller lateral displacements at defined points, although this substantially -3 complicates the process of assembly and also substantially impedes the safe passage of workers between the partially offset scaffold bays. [0008] With traditional rectangular or at least generally orthogonally designed building profiles, these limitations of the prior art do not necessarily manifest as major problems. However, known scaffold systems are not readily able to be adapted in a safe, reliable and cost-effective manner to more complex, irregular or curved building profiles, which are becoming increasingly prevalent in contemporary architectural design and civil engineering projects. [0009] Known techniques for constructing scaffold bays in such circumstances, even if workable to some extent, are time-consuming, difficult, cumbersome and costly. They are also potentially dangerous as movement of workers between non-aligned scaffold bays is often impeded, and even with the benefit of some forms of edge protection, gaps are created through which workers can inadvertently fall, as a result of the non standard and relatively more complex geometries involved. Moreover, in some circumstances, it is necessary to introduce a complete break between adjacent scaffold bays, which further impedes movement of people and materials between the bays, heightens safety risks if workers attempt to move between separated or "broken" bays, and can also compromise the overall rigidity of the scaffold matrix. [0010] It is an object of the present invention to overcome or substantially ameliorate one or more of these deficiencies of the prior art, or at least to provide a useful alternative. Summary of the Invention [0011] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention provides a scaffold connection assembly for use with modular scaffolding of the type formed from a matrix of interconnected scaffold bays, the connection assembly being adapted to connect a first scaffold bay to a second scaffold bay, and including: a first connecting element including a first pair of connecting formations laterally spaced apart by a first distance and adapted for connection to adjacent inner portions of the respective first and second scaffold bays; -4 a second connecting element including a second pair of connecting formations laterally spaced apart by a second distance and adapted for connection to adjacent outer portions of the respective first and second scaffold bays; the first distance being different from the second distance, such that upon engagement of the connection assembly between the first and second scaffold bays, the first scaffold bay is oriented obliquely with respect to the second scaffold bay. [0012] The terms "inner", "innermost" and the like as used herein are generally intended to denote the side of a scaffold or scaffold bay closest to a building structure, whereas the terms "outer", "outermost" and the like are generally intended to indicate the opposite side, furthest away from the building structure. However, it should be understood that these terms are used primarily for convenience, merely to distinguish one side of a scaffold structure or scaffold bay from another, and beyond that distinction these terms are essentially arbitrary and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Similarly, the terms "first", "second" and the like are likewise essentially arbitrary, intended simply to differentiate one component from another, and should not be regarded as having any sequential, hierarchical, or other significance or limiting import. It should also be understood that one or both of the "first" and" second" distances may be equal to zero. [0013] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are intended to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to". [0014] In one preferred embodiment, each of the first and second scaffold bays is formed from a combination of primary framing elements including a pair of spaced apart inner vertical supports or "standards", a corresponding pair of spaced apart outer standards, a series of ledgers connected to extend generally horizontally between the standards, at least two transoms extending horizontally between the standards at each end of the bay, and a series of decking boards disposed in contiguous side-by-side relationship to form a working platform extending between the transoms. Diagonally oriented cross-braces may also be attached. [0015] Preferably, these primary elements are releasably interconnected by means of special purpose end-fittings, couplers and clamps, which vary between the different -5 proprietary scaffold systems. In one embodiment, the connection mechanism is based on the "V-press" system, whereby V-shaped apertures formed by lugs on the standards are engaged by corresponding spigots extending downwardly from the ledgers and transoms. It should be understood, however, that a wide variety of other scaffolding systems and component connection mechanisms may alternatively be used. [0016] In one preferred embodiment, the connecting formations on the first connecting element are adapted for engagement with the adjacent inner standards on the respective first and second scaffold bays. In one embodiment, each connecting formation on the first connecting element includes an upper and lower flange extending outwardly from a central bridge section, and adapted respectively to be positioned above and below a corresponding V-press fitting extending transversely from the inner standard of the corresponding scaffold bay. Upon engagement, a locking wedge for each connecting formation is preferably positioned to extend downwardly through the upper flange, through the V-press fitting and through the corresponding lower flange, thereby releasably to lock the connecting formation to the associated inner standard of the respective scaffold bay. [0017] In one embodiment, the first connecting element is formed from a pair of "C" shaped brackets effectively joined back-to-back, such that the mutually opposed upper arms define the upper flanges of the respective first and second connecting elements, and the mutually opposed lower arms define the lower flanges of the respective first and second connecting elements. [0018] In one embodiment, the connecting formations on the second connecting element are adapted for engagement with the adjoining outer standards on the respective first and second scaffold bays. In one embodiment, each connecting formation on the second connecting element includes a downwardly depending spigot, adapted for engagement with a corresponding V-press fitting extending transversely from the outer standard of the corresponding scaffold bay, whereby upon engagement a locking wedge extends downwardly through the V-press fitting, so as releaseably to lock the connecting formation to the associated outer standard of the respective scaffold bay. Preferably, the connecting formations on each second connecting element define the terminal ends of an intermediate bridge portion. In one embodiment, the bridge portion of the second connecting element comprises an outwardly curved bar, tube, beam, rod or plate.

-6 [0019] In one embodiment, the assembly further includes a pair of double-sided transom elements, each adapted to extend between the adjacent inner standard and the outer standard of a respective one of the first and second scaffold bays. In this way, the inner end of each transom element is adapted for connection with the outwardly depending V-press fitting of the associated inner standard, and the outer end of each transom element is adapted for connection with the inwardly depending V-press fitting of the associated outer standard. [0020] Because the first and second connecting elements are of different effective lengths, the double-sided transom elements preferably define non-parallel radial sides of a wedge-shaped gap formation between the adjacent sides of the first and second scaffold bays. In this case, the assembly preferably further includes a complementary wedge plate adapted to extend between the transom elements, so as substantially to cover or close the gap formation defined between the adjoining scaffold bays. [0021] It will be appreciated that the included angle subtended by the transom elements determines the oblique angle defined between the first and second scaffold bays, and is also directly related to the difference in effective length between the first connecting element and the second connecting element. [0022] In some embodiments, multiple connecting assemblies may be installed contiguously between the same first and second scaffold bays, in order to increase (in discrete multiples) the oblique angle defined between the bays. [0023] In some embodiments, the transom elements are permanently connected to, or integrally formed with, the wedge plate. Similarly, in some embodiments, the first and second connecting elements may be permanently connected to, or formed integrally with, the transom elements and/or the wedge plate. In some embodiments, the wedge plate may be formed from multiple panels, sections, boards or plates, including textured or perforated plates. [0024] According to a second aspect, the invention provides a scaffold system for use with modular scaffolding formed from a matrix of interconnecting scaffold bays, the system including a plurality of scaffold connection assemblies as previously defined, adapted respectively for connection between adjoining first and second scaffold bays, -7 whereby the adjoining scaffold bays are securely connectable at oblique angles, enabling the scaffold matrix to conform closely to irregular building profiles. [0025] In some embodiments, the system includes a series of different connection assemblies, defining a range of different wedge angles, enabling the oblique connection angles defined between adjacent scaffold bays to be selectively adjusted. [0026] In some embodiments, the system includes hop-up assemblies adapted for connection to the inner or outer sides of the first or second scaffold bays, and/or to the inner or outer sides of the connecting assemblies. [0027] In a further aspect, the invention provides a kit of parts including a plurality of connection assemblies as defined, or components therefor, enabling the system of the invention to be implemented. [0028] In one embodiment, the kit optionally further includes a comprehensive suite of complementary scaffold components including standards, ledgers, transoms and decking elements, compatible with the plurality of connection assemblies. [0029] According to a further aspect, the invention provides a method of forming a matrix of interconnecting scaffold bays, the method comprising the steps (not necessarily sequentially) of: forming a first scaffold bay; forming a second scaffold bay; providing a scaffold connection assembly as previously defined; connecting the first connecting element to adjacent inner portions of the first and second scaffold bays by means of the first pair of connecting formations; and connecting the second connecting element to adjacent outer portions of the first and second scaffold bays by means of the second pair of connecting formations; whereby the first scaffold bay is connected obliquely with respect to the second scaffold bay, by means of the scaffold connection assembly positioned therebetween. [0030] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a scaffold connection assembly for use with modular scaffolding of the type formed from a matrix of interconnected scaffold bays supported on a base, the connection assembly being -8 adapted to connect a first scaffold bay to a second scaffold bay, and including: a first connecting element including a first pair of connecting formations laterally spaced apart by a predetermined first distance and adapted for connection to adjacent inner standards of the respective first and second scaffold bays; a second connecting element including a second pair of connecting formations respectively defining terminal ends of an intermediate bridge section and being laterally spaced apart by a predetermined second distance, the second pair of connecting formations being adapted for connection to adjacent outer standards of the respective first and second scaffold bays; the first distance being different from the second distance, such that upon engagement of the connection assembly between the first and second scaffold bays, the first scaffold bay is oriented obliquely with respect to the second scaffold bay; wherein the outer standards of the corresponding first and second scaffold bays include respective lugs of a V-press fitting, each of the lugs defining a generally V shaped aperture adapted for releasable engagement by a corresponding generally wedged shaped locking pin, whereby upon engagement each of the locking pins extends downwardly through the aperture of the respective lug so as releaseably to lock the corresponding connecting formation to the respective outer standard; the lugs being aligned with the respective first and second scaffold bays and the connecting formations of the second pair being fixedly secured to the bridge section at a predetermined oblique angle relative to one another, such that upon engagement of the second connecting element the connecting formations of the second pair are substantially aligned with the respective lugs while accommodating the oblique orientation between the adjoining first and second scaffold bays. [0031] In some embodiments, each of the connecting formations of the second pair includes a downwardly depending spigot adapted for releasable engagement with a corresponding one of the apertures defined by the respective lug on the adjacent outer standard of the corresponding first or second scaffold bay, each of the spigots being securely locked in place upon engagement of the corresponding locking pin. [0032] In certain preferred embodiments, the bridge section of the second connecting element supports the spigots at the oblique angle relative to one another, whereby in use the spigots are substantially aligned with the respective lugs formed on the adjacent outer standards, so as to accommodate the oblique orientation between the adjoining first and second scaffold bays.

-9 [0033] In some embodiments, a pair of transom elements, each adapted to extend between the adjacent inner standard and the adjacent outer standard of a respective one of the first and second scaffold bays, the transom elements in use thereby defining a generally wedge-shaped gap formation between adjacent sides of the adjoining first and second scaffold bays; and a wedge plate adapted to extend generally between the transom elements thereby substantially to cover the gap formation. [0034] In some preferred embodiments, each of said transom elements is a double sided transom element adapted to extend between the adjacent inner standard and the adjacent outer standard of a respective one of the first and second scaffold bays, each of the transom elements including a first longitudinal supporting ledge extending laterally inwardly from the transom element to support the wedge plate, and a second longitudinal supporting ledge extending laterally outwardly toward the adjacent scaffold bay to support decking boards of the adjacent scaffold bay. Brief Description of the Drawings [0035] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: [0036] Figure 1A to 1G a show of a series of standard scaffolding components of a conventional modular scaffold system, of a type adapted for use in connection with the invention; [0037] Figure 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing the V-press spigot and locking wedge from the scaffold ledger of figure 1 C in more detail; [0038] Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing the V-press spigot and locking wedge from the scaffold transom of figure 1 D in more detail; [0039] Figures 4A and 48 are enlarged perspective views showing the mechanisms of engagement of the ledger and transom of figures 2 and 3, with the V-press fittings of the scaffold standard shown in figure 1A, in more detail; [0040] Figure 5 is a perspective view showing a conventional linear scaffold assembly, comprising a series of scaffold bays joined end to end, and formed from the standard components shown in figures 1 to 4; -10 [0041] Figures 6A to 6F show a series of conventional scaffold matrix configurations in plan view, each formed from a series of scaffold bays connected in different orthogonal or partially broken configurations, according to the prior art; [0042] Figure 7 is a front elevation view showing a matrix of three scaffold bays, interconnected at oblique angles by intermediate connecting assemblies, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; [0043] Figure 8 is a plan view of the scaffold matrix of figure 7; [0044] Figure 9 is an enlarged exploded perspective view showing one of the oblique connecting assemblies from the scaffold matrix of figures 7 and 8, according to the invention; [0045] Figure 10 is an enlarged perspective view showing the components of the connecting assembly of figure 9, in the assembled configuration; [0046] Figure 11 is an enlarged exploded perspective similar to figure 9, as viewed from the opposite side of the scaffold matrix; [0047] Figure 12 is a further enlarged perspective view of the connecting assembly of figures 9 to 11, as seen from the inner side of the scaffold matrix; [0048] Figure 13 is a plan view showing another embodiment of an oblique connecting assembly and adjoining scaffold bays, according to the invention; [0049] Figure 14 is an exploded perspective view showing series of connecting assemblies, of the type shown in figures 9 to 12; interconnected in contiguous side-by side relationship to form a radiused corner for positioning between adjoining scaffold bays; [0050] Figure 15 is an exploded perspective view showing a further embodiment of the connecting assembly according to the invention, adapted to accommodate variable scaffold widths; - 11 [0051] Figure 16 is an enlarged perspective view showing the connecting assembly of figure 15 in more detail, as seen from the outer side of the scaffold matrix; [0052] Figures 17A to 17E show a series of diagrammatic plan views of a range of different scaffold matrix configurations, based on the modular oblique connecting assemblies according to the invention; [0053] Figures 18A to 18E are a series of perspective views showing different hop up modules, according to a further aspect of the invention; [0054] Figure 19 is a perspective view showing a further hop-up module; [0055] Figure 20 is a perspective view showing a composite hop-up assembly, formed from the hop-up modules shown in figures 18 and 19; [0056] Figures 21A and 21 B show a pair of complementary left-handed and right handed hop-up transom elements according to the invention; and [0057] Figure 22 is a plan view showing hop-ups utilising the transom elements of figure 21, in conjunction with an irregularly shaped scaffold matrix erected using oblique connecting assemblies in accordance with the invention. Preferred Embodiments of the Invention [0058] Referring to drawings, the invention provides a scaffold connection assembly 1 system adapted for use with scaffolding 2. While the connection assembly is adaptable to virtually any system of scaffolding, it will be most commonly applicable to prefabricated modular scaffolding and will be described predominantly in that context. [0059] Prefabricated modular scaffolding is typically composed of a combination of primary framing elements including upright supports or "standards" 2, adjustable base feet 3 for the standards, horizontal supports or "ledgers" 4, "transoms" 5, decking boards 6 and tube clamps 7 (see figures 1A to 1G). Diagonal cross-braces, toe board brackets, temporary edge protection frames and various other specific fixtures and fittings (not shown) are also typically provided. These primary elements are releaseably connected together by means of special purpose end-fittings, couplers, brackets and clamps, which vary between the different proprietary scaffold systems.

-12 [0060] In the particular form of scaffolding illustrated, the connection mechanism is known as the "V-pressing" system. As best seen in Figures 1 to 4, it is based on a combination of generally V-shaped or U-shaped apertures 9 formed by lugs 10 on the upright posts or standards 2 (see figures 1A and 1F), which are engaged by complementary spigots 12 extending downwardly from the ends of ledgers, transoms and other elements of the system. Wedge-shaped locking pins 14 are also installed through each of the apertures 7, so as to releaseably tighten the connection within the V-pressing (see figures 4A and 4B). [0061] These various components are typically assembled to form a series of modular scaffold bays 15. The bays themselves are connected together, typically end to end, in a matrix arrangement, which can be extended horizontally or vertically as required, by the addition of further bays. A basic arrangement of conventional scaffold bays 15 is shown in figure 5. A series of more complex prior art scaffold matrix configurations is shown in figures 6A to 6F. These configurations show in plan view, respectively, a linear bay array, a 900 bend, a T-Junction, a staggered or offset Junction, separated "broken bays" and partially connected broken bays. [0062] It will be appreciated from this overview that the prior art is reasonably well adapted for positioning adjacent straight walls, right-angled bends and generally orthogonal building structures. However, major problems are encountered with more complex surface profiles or building structures including particularly curved surfaces, non-orthogonal junctions, irregular projections and the like. Such building configurations typically result in a multitude of broken bays of the type illustrated in figures 6E and 6F. This compromises the assembly process and the overall integrity of the scaffold matrix, impedes movement of workers and materials between the broken bays, compromises access to the adjacent building structure at some points, and potentially increases safety risks as a result of the gaps between the broken bays. Some of these issues also arise in connection with staggered or offset bays of the type shown in figures 6C and 6D. [0063] To address at least some of these deficiencies of the prior art, and with reference initially to figures 7 and 8, the connection assembly 1 of the present invention is adapted to connect a first scaffold bay 20 with a second scaffold bay 22 at an oblique angle. In the particular configuration of figures 7 and 8, a pair of second scaffold bays 22 are shown, one on either side of the first bay 20. It should be noted, however, that - 13 these designations are entirely arbitrary in the sense that a second bay could equally be regarded as a first bay, as the bays themselves are usually either identical or interchangeable, both with each other and with the connection assemblies. [0064] As best seen in figure 8, each of the scaffold bays has an inner side 23 and an outer side 24, the inner side generally referring to the side of the scaffold nearest the adjacent building structure (not shown). Again, however, it should be understood that these terms are used arbitrarily, primarily for internal consistency and convenience of explanation, as the scaffolding in general and the connection assembly in particular may be used in any orientation. [0065] As best seen in figures 9 to 11, the connection assembly 1 in a first embodiment includes a first connecting element 30 including a first pair of connecting formations 31 effectively spaced apart laterally by first distance "A" and adapted for connection to adjacent inner portions of the first and second scaffold bays 20 and 22 . A second connecting element 40 includes a second pair of connecting formations 41 laterally spaced apart by a second distance "B" and adapted for connection to adjacent outer portions of the respective first and second scaffold bays. The first distance "A" is less than the second distance "B" such that upon engagement of the connection assembly between the first and second scaffold bays, the first bay is oriented obliquely with respect to the second bays, as best seen in figure 8. [0066] In the embodiment illustrated, and as best seen in figures 9 and 12, the first connecting element 30 is formed from a pair of "C"-shaped brackets effectively joined back-to-back, to define the first connecting formations 31, adapted for engagement with the V-press fittings on the adjacent inner standards of the respective first and second scaffold bays. [0067] More specifically, each of the first connecting formations 31 includes a pair of vertically spaced apart upper and lower arms, respectively defining an upper flange 32 and a lower flange 34. These flanges extend outwardly from a central bridge section 36, and are adapted respectively to be positioned above and below the lug 10 on the adjacent V-press fitting. In this way, upon engagement, the associated wedge pin 14 extends downwardly through the upper flange 32 , through the aperture 9 of the V pressing and through the corresponding lower flange 34, thereby releaseably locking -14 the first connecting formation 31 to the associated inner corner post or standard 38 of the respective scaffold bay (see figure 12). [0068] In other embodiments, if a greater effective distance "A" between the first mutually opposing connecting formations 31 is required, the C-shaped brackets need not be joined back-to-back, but may alternatively be spaced apart by a longer intermediate bridge section 36, which may, for example, be formed from an appropriate length of bar, tube, rod, plate or other suitable section. Alternative configurations of the first connecting formations 31, such as ring clamps, may also be used as required, depending upon the particular form of proprietary or modular scaffold system with which the connection assembly is being used. [0069] Similarly, as best seen in figure 9, the second connecting formations 41 on the second connecting element 40 are adapted for engagement with the adjoining outer posts or standards 44 on the respective first and second scaffold bays. Each of the second connecting formations 41 includes a downwardly depending spigot 12 adapted to extend through the aperture 9, defined by the adjacent lug 10, of the V-pressing on the respective outer standard 44. In this way, the spigot 12 and hence the associated connecting element is securely locked into place, upon installation of the corresponding locking wedge 14. The second connecting formations 41 on the second connecting element 40 define the terminal ends of an intermediate bridge section 46, which in this case is substantially longer (i.e. effectively distance B) than the bridge section 36 of the first connecting element (i.e. effectively distance A). [0070] In this case, the bridge section 46 of the second connecting element takes the form of a relatively short length of ledger bar, which is ideally bent or curved to approximate the radius of curvature of the "wedge" formation defined by the overall connecting assembly 1. Advantageously, this bend or curvature in the short ledger bar forming the bridge section 46 of the second connecting element allows the associated second connecting formations 41 to be correctly aligned with the respective V-press fittings on the outer standards 44 to which they attach, thereby effectively compensating for the change of direction between the adjoining scaffold bays. [0071] In alternative embodiments, this angular alignment may be achieved in different ways and the bridge portion 46 may take a variety of other forms, including sections of bar, tube, beam, channel, rod or plate, and may be straight, curved or -15 formed in other suitable shapes of configurations as appropriate to particular installations. In one embodiment, the bridge section 46 of the second connecting element is formed from a relatively short length of substantially straight ledger bar, and the second connecting formations 41 are secured to the respective ends of that length of ledger bar, at oblique angles so as to be correctly and functionally aligned with the V press fittings on the outer standards 44 to which they attach, thereby effectively to compensate for the change of direction between the adjoining scaffold bays. It should also be understood that in some alternative embodiments, the connecting formations may be adapted to attach to scaffold elements other than the standards, such as ledgers, transoms or other fittings, components or fixtures associated with the first and second scaffold bays. [0072] As best seen in figures 9 to 11, the connecting assembly 1 in this embodiment further includes a pair of double-sided transom elements 50. Each of these transom elements 50 is adapted to extend between the adjacent inner standard 38 and the corresponding outer standard 44 of the respective first or second scaffold bay. More specifically, as best seen in figure 9, the inner end of each transom element 50 is adapted for connection to the outwardly depending V-press fitting of the associated inner standard 38, and the outer end of each transom element 50 is adapted for connection with the inwardly depending V-press fitting of the associated outer standard 44. In this way, the longitudinal supporting ledge 52 of each transom element that extends laterally outwardly toward the adjacent scaffold bay, is adapted to support decking boards 6 at the proximal end of the associated scaffold bay. [0073] It will be appreciated that because the first and second connecting elements 30 and 40 are of different effective lengths, the double-sided transom elements 50 form the non-parallel radial arms of a generally wedge-shaped gap formation 56, defined between the adjacent sides of the first and second scaffold bays. The included angle defined by the major arms of this wedge formation, and hence the oblique angle defined between the first and second scaffold bays, will be directly related to the difference in effective length between the first and second connecting elements. [0074] The assembly preferably further includes a complementary wedge plate 60, adapted to extend generally between the transom elements 50. More specifically, this wedge plate 60 rests on the supporting ledges 62 extending laterally inwardly from the respective transom elements 50, so as substantially to cover or close the wedge- -16 shaped gap formation 56 defined between the adjoining scaffold bays. The wedge plate 60 is preferably formed from steel or aluminium "checkerplate" with integral tread grip. It optionally includes an integral vertical kick panel 65, also preferably formed from checkerplate, for added safety. Advantageously, the wedge plate arrangement in this embodiment substantially eliminates trip hazards that may arise in some circumstances if the wedge-shaped gap were left open, and also obviates the need to custom-form and lash down individual timber lap boards, as may otherwise be required. [0075] In some embodiments, however, depending upon specific configurational, geometrical and safety constraints, the wedge plate 60 may take a variety of alternative forms including bars, grills, grates, panels or boards, and in appropriate circumstances may be omitted altogether. [0076] It should also be understood that in further variations of the invention, the transom elements may be permanently connected to, or be integrally formed with one another, and/or with the wedge plate. Similarly, in other embodiments, the first and second connecting elements and associated connecting formations may be permanently connected to, or formed integrally with, the transom elements and/or the wedge plate. [0077] Kickboard locating bracket assemblies 68 are adapted for connection to the respective outer standards 44 of the first and second scaffold bays. Each bracket assembly 68 includes a vertically oriented channel section 69 adapted to receive and captively retain a vertically oriented outer kick board 70 for the respective first or second scaffold bay, and a tube clamp 71 adapted for connection to the respective standard 44, as best seen in figures 9 to 11. [0078] A further embodiment of the connecting assembly 1 is shown in figure 13. In this arrangement, it will be seen that the first and second scaffold bays 20 and 22 on the inner side 23 share a common standard 38, which defines the apex of the oblique injunction between the bays. In this instance, the first connecting element is effectively integral with the wedge plate 60 and the connecting formations 31 of the first connecting element 30 are essentially combined into a single component, in the form of a tube clamp 75 adapted for secure engagement with the shared standard 38. Hence, the delineation or separation between the first connecting formations 31 is conceptual rather than physical (or in other words the distance "A" is zero), as the same component - 17 essentially performs the dual function of engagement with both the first and second scaffold bays. [0079] Similarly, the second connecting element 40 is also effectively integral with the wedge plate 60 and the second connecting formations 41 similarly comprise tube clamps 76 adapted respectively for secure engagement with the adjacent outer standards of the first and second bays. In further variations, one or more of the tube clamps 75 and 76 may include special-purpose lugs or fittings, appropriately angled or otherwise adapted for direct engagement with the V-pressings of the respective standards 38 and 44. In this embodiment, the transoms 50 defining the wedge-shaped gap 56 between the bays may optionally also be integrally formed with the wedge plate 60. [0080] Because of the modular nature of the scaffolding and the complementary components of the invention, multiple connecting assemblies 1 may be installed side by-side or contiguously between the same first and second scaffold bays, in order to increase, in discreet multiples, the oblique angle defined between the bays. This composite configuration is shown in figure 14, wherein similar features are denoted by corresponding reference numerals, and the adjoining scaffold bays themselves are omitted for clarity. [0081] In this context, it should be understood that some of the connecting formations adapted for engagement with the scaffold bays, may also or alternatively be adapted for connection with other compatible connecting elements or connecting assemblies. Angular adjustability may additionally or alternatively be provided by appropriate specification, selection or provision of first and second connecting elements from a range of different effective lengths, so as to define a range of different subtended angles of obliqueness between the adjoining bays. In one embodiment, a kit of such components in a range of different lengths and configurations, is provided. [0082] Figure 15 shows a further embodiment adapted to facilitate a change in width of scaffold bays. In this case, the transom elements 50 of the connecting assembly 1 are sized to accommodate scaffold bays that are four boards in width. It may sometimes be desirable to use the system with larger bays, for example bays that are five boards in width, with minimal modification.

- 18 [0083] To allow this flexibility, radial extension elements 80 are provided. In this example, the radial extension elements take the form of C-shaped brackets joined back to-back to form respective radial connecting flanges compatible with the V-press fittings on the scaffold standards, in a manner similar to that previously described in relation to the first connecting elements 30. In this instance, however, the inner flanges engage with the outer standards 44, while the outer flanges of the respective extension elements engage with further standards 44', positioned radially outwardly therefrom. [0084] As shown in more detail in figure 16, an additional second connecting element 40' is then positioned to extend between the outer standards 44', such that the second connecting elements 40 and 40' are substantially parallel. In this way, a wider five board scaffold configuration can be readily accommodated with minimal modification to the componentry of the basic connecting assembly. It will also be appreciated that other dimensional changes or transitions may be accommodated in a similar manner. For example, a five board connection assembly may be readily extended to accommodate six or seven board scaffold bays, and so on. It should also be understood that in some embodiments, variations or transitions in scaffold width may be accommodated by substitution of transom elements 50 of different length, as required. [0085] Figures 17A to 17E show a series of different configurations of scaffold bays and associated connecting assemblies, to illustrate the wide variety of scaffold profiles that can be achieved using the system of the present invention. These range from simple non-orthogonal changes of direction, through to sharp or gradual bends, switch back turns and changes in width. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this flexibility readily allows the scaffolding to be configured so as to closely hug highly complex, irregularly contoured or curved building profiles with continuity, structural integrity, ease of movement between the bays, and without the need for broken bays. [0086] In a further aspect, as best seen in figures 18A to 18E , the invention provides a method and system for forming "hop-ups" in a variety of configurations, for use in conjunction with the connecting assemblies 1. [0087] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, hop-ups are essentially supplementary support platforms cantilevered outwardly from a primary scaffold structure or scaffold bay. They are usually, although not always, narrower than the main bays from which they extend. They may be erected on the inner or outer sides of -19 the main bays, as required for particular purposes. However, in the case of the curved or obliquely angled scaffold structures enabled by the present invention, conventional hop-up components and techniques may not be viable in all circumstances. [0088] These hop-ups of the present invention can be used as an integral part of a comprehensive overall system to facilitate building access, to enable storage of building equipment or materials, or for other specific purposes, in the context of non-orthogonal scaffold configurations. [0089] Figures 18A to 18E show a series of hop-ups 85. In each case, the hop-up assembly 85 includes a pair of spaced apart hop-up transoms 88 adapted to be cantilevered or otherwise supported from the main scaffold structure, and a series of hop-up decking boards 90. Hop-ups may be configured to contain anywhere from one to five or more decking boards 90. However, one to three board configurations are relatively common. [0090] The proximal ends of the hop-up transoms 88 may be adapted for engagement with the V-press fittings on the scaffold standards in the manner previously described (see figures 18A and 18B), or may be attached by tube clamps (figure 18C) or other suitable means. In some embodiments, a combination of V-press fittings, tube clamps, and/or other attachment mechanisms may be utilised, as required for particular applications. With relatively narrow hop-up configurations comprising only two or three decking boards, a simple cantilevered arrangement may be adequate, as shown in figures 18A to 18C. With wider hop-ups involving additional boards, supplementary support struts 92 may also be provided, as shown in figures 18D and 18E. In some embodiments, the width of the hop-up is adjustable in discrete increments, by means of movable board retaining brackets 94 and complementary adjustment holes 95 formed in the hop-up transoms 88 (see figures 18D and 18E). [0091] If wider or more extensive hop-ups are required, hop-up extension modules 98 are provided, as shown in figure 19. The extension module 98 takes the form of a relatively heavy-duty cantilevered truss arrangement, with multiple V-press fittings on each side. These modules may be used independently, or in conjunction with a variety of other hop-ups 85 of the type previously described, as shown for example in the composite hop-up configuration of figure 20. It should be understood that multiple hop up truss modules 98 may be interconnected in different ways to form composite truss -20 assemblies in a variety of configurations, thereby to provide additional extension of the hop-up in either or both of the horizontal or vertical directions, as required. It should also be understood that as with the other embodiments previously described, alternative attachment or connection fittings, including tube clamps, may be utilised. [0092 As previously noted, these various hop-up arrangements may be positioned on either side of the scaffold as required, to facilitate access to adjacent buildings in the case of more complex architectural geometries and also to facilitate storage of tools, equipment and building materials. However, if there is an oblique change of direction or a curvature in the scaffold profile arising from the utilisation of one or more of the oblique connecting assemblies as previously described, it can be advantageous for the hop-ups to be as compact or as self-contained as possible, particularly near the inner radius of an oblique junction. [0093] To this end, one embodiment of the invention as shown in figures 21A and 21B provides respective left-handed and right-handed cantilevered hop-up transom elements 88A and 88B. Each hop-up transom element includes a main support bar in the form of an L-shaped channel section 101 defining a lower board support flange 102, adapted to receive and locate the appropriate number of hop-up platform decking boards (typically two, three or four). The proximal end of the main support bar includes a downwardly depending spigot formation adapted for engagement with a V-press fitting on the adjacent standard to which the hop-up is to be connected. For wider hop-up platforms, an inclined support element may be positioned to extend downwardly at an angle, for engagement with the standard below the V-press fitting, such that the main transom bar is supported in the horizontal position (similar to the configuration shown in figures 18D and 18E). The other end of the hop-up is supported by a similar but complementary left-handed or right-handed transom element, such that the mutually opposing board support flanges 102 are oriented laterally inwardly, facing toward one another. [0094] As best seen in the plan view of figure 22, these directionally oriented one sided transom arms avoid any unnecessary or redundant lateral extension or overhang of the hop-up structure, beyond the decking boards. The directional transoms thereby maximise the lateral clearance space 100 between adjacent hop-ups converging toward one another on the inside edge of a curved or oblique scaffold junction, adjacent one or more of the connecting assemblies. This in turn allows the hop-ups of the various - 21 embodiments as described to be used more flexibly, in a broader range of situations, to accommodate more complex architectural and building geometries. In particular, it should be understood that the left-handed and right-handed directionally oriented transom arms 88A and 88B, as shown in figures 21 and 22, may be applied to any or all of the hop-up configurations shown in figures 18A to 18E, 19 and 20, to provide a more compact hop-up geometry or hop-up "footprint" when required. As a general observation, this is more likely to be beneficial in situations involving larger directional changes (i.e. tighter effective radius) through the adjacent oblique junction, and/or relatively wider hop-up configurations (i.e. hop-ups involving a larger number of boards). [0095] If desired, the generally triangular lateral clearance spaces 100 defined between the obliquely oriented hop-ups may be covered over by in-fill panels (not shown) optionally also formed from metal checkerplate or other suitable materials. It should be noted that the complementary directionally oriented left-handed and right handed hop-up transom arms 88A and 88B may also be used in conjunction with the larger cantilevered hop-up truss modules 98, as and when required. [0096] It will be appreciated that the invention in its various embodiments provides a safe, simple, convenient, efficient, and secure method, apparatus and comprehensive system for securely connecting scaffold bays at oblique angles and thereby permitting the construction of scaffolding in a variety of non-orthogonal geometrical configurations including oblique junctions, curves, contours and a wide variety of irregular profiles. This greatly facilitates the erection of scaffolding around increasingly more complex architectural, building and civil engineering structures, leading to increased flexibility and functionality, reduced cost and reduced risk. [0097] Advantageously, the system is readily adaptable to a wide variety of proprietary modular scaffolding systems with minimal modification and can be readily adapted to comply with current safety standards. In these and other respects, the invention represents both a practical and commercially significant improvement over the prior art. [0098] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms.

Claims (5)

1. A scaffold connection assembly for use with modular scaffolding of the type formed from a matrix of interconnected scaffold bays supported on a base, the connection assembly being adapted to connect a first scaffold bay to a second scaffold bay, and including: a first connecting element including a first pair of connecting formations laterally spaced apart by a predetermined first distance and adapted for connection to adjacent inner standards of the respective first and second scaffold bays; a second connecting element including a second pair of connecting formations respectively defining terminal ends of an intermediate bridge section and being laterally spaced apart by a predetermined second distance, the second pair of connecting formations being adapted for connection to adjacent outer standards of the respective first and second scaffold bays; the first distance being different from the second distance, such that upon engagement of the connection assembly between the first and second scaffold bays, the first scaffold bay is oriented obliquely with respect to the second scaffold bay; wherein the outer standards of the corresponding first and second scaffold bays include respective lugs of a V-press fitting, each of the lugs defining a generally V shaped aperture adapted for releasable engagement by a corresponding generally wedged shaped locking pin, whereby upon engagement each of the locking pins extends downwardly through the aperture of the respective lug so as releaseably to lock the corresponding connecting formation to the respective outer standard; the lugs being aligned with the respective first and second scaffold bays and the connecting formations of the second pair being fixedly secured to the bridge section at a predetermined oblique angle relative to one another, such that upon engagement of the second connecting element the connecting formations of the second pair are substantially aligned with the respective lugs while accommodating the oblique orientation between the adjoining first and second scaffold bays.

2. A scaffold connection assembly according to claim 1, wherein each of the connecting formations of the second pair includes a downwardly depending spigot adapted for releasable engagement with a corresponding one of the apertures defined by the respective lug on the adjacent outer standard of the corresponding first or second scaffold bay, each of the spigots being securely locked in place upon engagement of the corresponding locking pin. - 23

3. A scaffold connection assembly according to claim 2, wherein the bridge section of the second connecting element supports the spigots at the oblique angle relative to one another, whereby in use the spigots are substantially aligned with the respective lugs formed on the adjacent outer standards, so as to accommodate the oblique orientation between the adjoining first and second scaffold bays.

4. A scaffold connection assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further including; a pair of transom elements, each adapted to extend between the adjacent inner standard and the adjacent outer standard of a respective one of the first and second scaffold bays, the transom elements in use thereby defining a generally wedge shaped gap formation between adjacent sides of the adjoining first and second scaffold bays; and a wedge plate adapted to extend generally between the transom elements thereby substantially to cover the gap formation.

5. A scaffold connection assembly according to claim 4, wherein each of said transom elements is a double-sided transom element adapted to extend between the adjacent inner standard and the adjacent outer standard of a respective one of the first and second scaffold bays, each of the transom elements including a first longitudinal supporting ledge extending laterally inwardly from the transom element to support the wedge plate, and a second longitudinal supporting ledge extending laterally outwardly toward the adjacent scaffold bay to support decking boards of the adjacent scaffold bay.