AU2012250295B2 - Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon - Google Patents

Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2012250295B2
AU2012250295B2 AU2012250295A AU2012250295A AU2012250295B2 AU 2012250295 B2 AU2012250295 B2 AU 2012250295B2 AU 2012250295 A AU2012250295 A AU 2012250295A AU 2012250295 A AU2012250295 A AU 2012250295A AU 2012250295 B2 AU2012250295 B2 AU 2012250295B2
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Prior art keywords
gas
steam
condensate
gasification
synthesis
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AU2012250295A1 (en
Inventor
Ludolf W. Plass
Gerhard Schmitt
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Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions Germany GmbH
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Lurgi GmbH
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/001—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide working-up the condensates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C10K1/06—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials combined with spraying with water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/169—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with water treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Abstract

A method for gasifying solid fuel containing carbon, such as turf, brown coal and hard coal, with the addition of an oxygen-containing gas and steam, wherein the gas condensate accumulating during the washing and cooling of the crude gas is also purified in a manner known per se, subsequently evaporated in the waste heat boiler, the steam is purified by means of thermal catalytic afterburning, the content of water vapor in the flue gas formed in the process is condensed out and the condensate is treated in a boiler feed water conditioning system and evaporated by means of the heat generated in the thermal afterburning, and the steam is supplied as process steam to the gasification of the solid raw materials.

Description

Method for the Gasification of Solid, Carbonaceous Feedstock
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method producing little waste water for the gasification of solid, carbonaceous feedstock, such as peat, lignite or hard coal, to synthesis gas by adding an oxygen-containing gas and steam. The term synthesis gas here is meant to comprise gas both for e.g. the ammonia, methanol, oxo or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and for the use as fuel for gas turbines or as town or longdistance gas.
Background of the Invention
Methods for the gasification of solid, carbonaceous feedstocks are known. Such methods include e.g. the Lurgi pressure gasification method, which is described in principle in LURGI HANDBUCH, chapter 2.1, edition 1970, Lurgi Gesellschaften, Frankfurt am Main.
An important partial aspect of these methods is the treatment of the aqueous condensate rich in hydrocarbons during the cooling and washing of the raw gas produced. In Ullmanns Encyklopadie der technischen Chemie, 4th edition (1974), Vol. 14, chapter 6, the treatment of this condensate is described in principle. The essential treatment steps consist in first removing suspended solids such as soot, coal and ash as well as emulsified tars and oils from the condensate. Subsequently, the condensate is dephenolized and thereupon ammonia and sulfur are removed. The condensate thus purified then is purified in a biological clarification plant to such an extent that it can be disposed of as waste water or, as described in DE 10 2007 035 301 A1, be used as cooling tower water.
In the prior art known so far it is disadvantageous that the treatment of the condensate always produces waste water which must be discharged from the gasification process and which despite the above-mentioned purification treatments often still contains impurities which during the disposal or in use can lead to impairments of the environment and/or e.g. of the cooling tower operation. 2 2012250295 23 Mar 2017
It would be advantageous to devise a gasification method which avoids one or more of the above-mentioned disadvantages.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides a method for the gasification of solid, carboneous 5 feed-stock in which the quantity of the waste water to be discharged from the gasification process is reduced in that the condensate originating from the cooling and washing of the raw gas at least partly is fed into the gasification reactor as process gas. In the extreme case, this results in a gasification method completely free from waste water. 10 Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the production of synthesis gas containing carbon and hydrogen, by gasification of solid, carbonaceous feedstock (such as peat, lignite or hard coal) in a gasification reactor by adding an oxygen-containing gas and steam as gasification medium, wherein the raw gas exiting from the gasification reactor is cooled and washed in 15 at least one washer-cooler by means of water and by generating a first condensate. Subsequently, the raw gas is cooled in a waste heat boiler by indirect heat transfer, wherein the heat withdrawn from the raw gas is utilized for steam generation. From the waste heat boiler, the raw gas is forwarded on to the further processing, which does not belong to the scope of the invention, wherein 20 ultimately a purified synthesis gas containing carbon oxides and hydrogen is obtained.
From the first condensate obtained when cooling and washing the raw gas, suspended solids contained therein and emulsified tars and oils are separated to 25 obtain a second, purified condensate. In most cases, the separation can be effected by gravity or centrifugal force, and in principle screening or filtering methods can also be used.
In accordance with the invention, the purified condensate is then evaporated by indirect heat transfer; preferably in the waste heat boiler. The organic constituents 3 contained in the steam thus obtained substantially are converted into steam and carbon dioxide by means of a plant for thermal or catalytic postcombustion.
In accordance with the invention, the steam contained in the flue gas of the postcombustion is then condensed out and so obtained condensate is processed to boiler feed water in a plant. Steps well known to the skilled person for the treatment of boiler feed water are run through, i.e. for example the thermal and/or chemical degassing of the water as well as softening and addition of further conditioning agents. The water obtained in the process is then charged into a steam generator and the steam obtained is fed into the gasification reactor (mentioned above) as process steam. As in the gasification reactor a net conversion of the added water with the carbonaceous feedstock to synthesis gas constituents is effected, it is necessary in general to supply an additional steam stream prepared from fresh water to the gasification reactor, in order to meet the steam requirement of the gasification reaction.
In an advantageous aspect of the invention organic constituents, such as phenols, as well as ammonia and sulfur are removed from the condensate, after solids such as tars and oils have been separated, by using methods known per se. In this way, valuable substances such as phenols and ammonia are obtained on the one hand, and on the other hand these substances then no longer will lead to impurities at the heat exchanger surfaces during the succeeding evaporation of the condensate in the waste heat boiler.
In a further advantageous aspect of the invention, the heat produced during the thermal or catalytic postcombustion of the steam is utilized for generating the process steam. In this way, the consumption of fossil fuel for steam generation can be reduced.
Further developments, advantages and possible applications of the invention are noted in the following description of an embodiment of the invention and the accompanying drawings. 2012250295 23 Mar 2017 4
Brief Description of Drawings
Fig. 1 shows schematically a plant for performing an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Description of Embodiments 5 In the gas generator (1) a solid fuel (2), such as peat, lignite or hard coal, is gasified by addition of oxygen (3) and steam as process steam (4). Via conduit (5), the raw gas produced leaves the gas generator (1) and is introduced into the washer-cooler (6) in which it is brought in contact with an aqueous washing liquid. In the process, impurities from the gas are absorbed by the washing liquid. Via 10 conduit (7), the gas condensate and via conduit (9) the gas is transferred into the waste heat boiler (8). In the waste heat boiler (8) the gas is cooled by indirect heat transfer and vapors, chiefly water vapor, are condensed out as so-called gas condensate. Via conduit (10), a part of the gas condensate is recirculated to the washer-cooler (6). Via conduit (11), the gas leaves the waste heat boiler (8), 15 passes through a further condenser (12) and is discharged via conduit (13) for further use. Via conduits (14) and (15), the gas condensate each formed in the waste heat boiler (8) and in the condenser (12) is transferred into the processing (16). Suspended solids such as soot, coal, ash and emulsified tars and oils initially are removed there mechanically. Then, dissolved organic substances, such as 20 phenols, are separated from the gas condensate by extraction or adsorption, and subsequently volatile constituents, such as NH3, C02, H2S and HCN are separated by distillation. The material stream (17) represents the substances separated from the gas condensate. Via conduit (18), the gas condensate thus purified is introduced into the waste heat boiler on the shell side and evaporated there by the heat withdrawn from the gas. Via conduit (19), the steam obtained thereby is supplied to a plant for the thermal postcombustion and steam 5 generation (20), wherein by using a fuel and oxygen (21), organic impurities present in the steam are oxidized. Via conduit (22), the flue gas obtained in the thermal postcombustion (20) is supplied to a condenser (23), in which the steam contained in the flue gas is condensed out. The remaining constituents of the flue gas are discharged to the environment via conduit (24). Via conduit (25), the 10 condensate water is passed into a boiler feed water treatment (26). Via the stream (27), fresh water, if necessary, and aggregates necessary for the treatment process are supplied to the plant. Stream (28) represents the substances separated from the water and discharged from the treatment plant. The treated condensate water is supplied from there, via conduit (29), through tubes into the 15 plant for the thermal postcombustion (20) and evaporated by means of the heat gained by the thermal postcombustion. Via conduit (4), the steam thus generated is supplied to the gas generator (1) as process steam.
Industrial Applicability
The invention thus provides an economic method for the production of synthesis 20 gas by gasification of solid, carbonaceous feedstocks, which can be carried out by producing particularly little waste water.
List of Reference Numerals (1) gas generator (2) solid fuel (3) oxygen 5 (4) process steam (5) raw gas (conduit) (6) washer-cooler (7) gas condensate (conduit) (8) waste heat boiler 10 (9) gas treated in the washer-cooler (conduit) (10) recirculated gas condensate (conduit) (11) gas (conduit) (12) condenser (13) gas ready for use (conduit) 15 (14) gas condensate (conduit) (15) gas condensate (conduit) (16) processing of the gas condensate (17) separated impurities and by-products (18) processed gas condensate (conduit) 20 (19) evaporated gas condensate (conduit) (20) plant for the thermal postcombustion and steam generation (21) fuel and oxygen (22) flue gas (conduit) (23) condenser 25 (24) flue gas for discharge to the environment (conduit) (25) condensate water (conduit) (26) boiler feed water treatment (27) fresh water and aggregates (28) discharged substances 30 (29) treated condensate water (conduit)

Claims (3)

  1. Claims:
    1. A method for the production of synthesis gas, containing carbon oxides and hydrogen, by gasification of solid, carbonaceous feedstock by addition of an oxygen-containing gas and steam as gasification medium, comprising the following method steps: a) gasification of the feedstock in a gasification reactor, wherein a synthesis-gas raw gas stream is obtained, b) cooling and washing of the synthesis-gas raw gas exiting from the gasification reactor in at least one washer-cooler by means of water by generating a first condensate, c) cooling the synthesis-gas raw gas by indirect heat exchange in conjunction with the generation of steam in at least one waste heat boiler and forwarding the synthesis-gas raw gas to the further processing, d) separating suspended solids and emulsified tars and oils from the first condensate obtained in method step b), wherein a second, purified condensate is obtained, e) evaporating the second condensate from method step d) and supplying the obtained steam to a thermal or catalytic postcombustion, f) condensing the steam out of the flue gas of the postcombustion, wherein a third condensate liberated from organic impurities is obtained, g) processing the third condensate to boiler feed water, h) evaporating the boiler feed water by obtaining steam, i) feeding the steam into the gasification reactor mentioned in step a).
  2. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that from the condensate, after the treatment in method step d), before it is supplied to step e), dissolved by-products, such as phenols, other organic components and/or ammonia, are separated.
  3. 3. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat produced during the postcombustion is utilized for steam generation in method step h).
AU2012250295A 2011-05-02 2012-01-21 Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon Active AU2012250295B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011100202.6 2011-05-02
DE102011100202A DE102011100202A1 (en) 2011-05-02 2011-05-02 Process for the gasification of solid, carbonaceous feedstock
PCT/EP2012/000270 WO2012149988A1 (en) 2011-05-02 2012-01-21 Method for gasifying solid raw material containing carbon

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AU2012250295A1 AU2012250295A1 (en) 2013-11-14
AU2012250295B2 true AU2012250295B2 (en) 2017-04-13

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KR (1) KR101612171B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103502399B (en)
AP (1) AP2013007269A0 (en)
AU (1) AU2012250295B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102011100202A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012149988A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201307463B (en)

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DE102014107569B4 (en) 2014-05-28 2023-11-16 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Process and system for the production and interim storage of purified gas condensate
CN106494908A (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-03-15 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 A kind of discharging system of electronic waste pyrolysis and method
CN106497603A (en) * 2016-12-13 2017-03-15 神雾环保技术股份有限公司 The system and method that a kind of calcium carbide is smelted and Coal Gasification is coupled
CN107011948B (en) * 2017-04-26 2019-05-24 四川天一科技股份有限公司 A kind of low pressure coal gas low level heat and Condensate recovery method
CN109384340A (en) * 2017-08-10 2019-02-26 通用电气神华气化技术有限公司 Gasification waste water composite processing system and method

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GB2198744A (en) * 1986-12-16 1988-06-22 British Gas Plc Gasification process

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GB2198744A (en) * 1986-12-16 1988-06-22 British Gas Plc Gasification process

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AP2013007269A0 (en) 2013-11-30
WO2012149988A1 (en) 2012-11-08
DE102011100202A1 (en) 2012-11-08
KR101612171B1 (en) 2016-04-12
CN103502399B (en) 2015-08-26
AU2012250295A1 (en) 2013-11-14
KR20140045354A (en) 2014-04-16
ZA201307463B (en) 2015-04-29
CN103502399A (en) 2014-01-08

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