AU2012216717B2 - Electrical supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

C:\Rorth\CCUJR 4SU77_I DOC-1811/2 1 - 37 An electrical supply system including at least two electrical supply circuits, each supply circuit being adapted to supply electrical power to a number of electrical devices, at least one supply switch, each supply switch being for controlling the supply of electrical power to a respective electrical supply circuit, at least one input for selecting an operating mode and a controller coupled to the input and the at least one supply switch, the controller being for determining a selected operating mode and controlling the at least one supply switch in accordance with the selected operating mode to thereby selectively supply electrical power to at least one of the supply circuits. 311.1 321.1 321.2 314/ 32231. 313.2 ,,-312.3 313.3 302 '312.4 Fig. 3

Description

AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT (ORIGINAL) Name of Applicant: Mark Duncan Coates Actual Inventors: Mark Duncan Coates Address for Service: DAVIES COLLISON CAVE, Patent Attorneys, Level 10, 301 Coronation Drive, Milton, Queensland 4064 Invention Title: "Electrical supply system" Details of Associated Provisional Application Nos: Australian Provisional Application No. 2011904184 filed 13 October 2011 Australian Provisional Application No. 2011904830 filed 18 November 2011 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to us: C-\MR P-nr ni\ miAr R i n ' 7/o0/1 C:WotbRDCC~UJR\45947751 DOC-1II 1/2011 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM Background of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to an electrical supply system, and in particular, an electrical supply system for allowing electrical supply circuits to be controlled, as well as to a method of configuring an electrical supply system. Description of the Prior Art [00021 The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that the prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates. [00031 In buildings it is known to provide separate electrical supply circuits for supplying electricity to groups of electrical supply outlets. Typically separate circuits are defined for lighting and mains appliances, with these being further subdivided based on the physical location within the building, so that different physical areas are associated with different supply circuits. This is typically performed to allow circuit breakers to be provided in each supply circuit so that supply of power can be interrupted in the event that a fault occurs. Depending on the supply circuit interrupted, the location of the fault can then be identified. [0004] It is further known to provide control systems for controlling individual supply outlets, which can be used for example to deactivate devices that use a standby mode, thereby allowing power to be saved. Such solutions include devices that plug into a supply outlet, and then selectively control devices coupled thereto. However, such arrangements require a separate physical device for each supply outlet, making the systems expensive to implement. Additionally, the devices themselves often require power in order to operate, thereby negating the power savings obtained by deactivating the device on standby mode. Furthermore, these units typically need to be either independently controlled, which is inconvenient, or centrally controlled using wireless arrangements, which in turn further increases power usage.

C :NRPonb\DCCLJRU594775.1 DOC-1/12 M01 1 -2 100051 Other systems for controlling power supply outlets are also known, such as the Clipsal C-Bus arrangement. However, this requires a dedicated communications network and individually controlled units having built in microprocessors for interpreting commands supplied from a central input. This makes the system expensive to implement and difficult to configure, making it unsuitable for many domestic and other small scale commercial scenarios. Summary of the Present Invention [00061 In a first broad form the present invention seeks to provide an electrical supply system including: a) at least two electrical supply circuits, each supply circuit being adapted to supply electrical power to a number of electrical devices; b) at least one supply switch, each supply switch being for controlling the supply of electrical power to a respective electrical supply circuit; c) at least one input for selecting an operating mode; and, d) a controller coupled to the input and the at least one supply switch, the controller being for: i) determining a selected operating mode; and, ii) controlling the at least one supply switch in accordance with the selected operating mode to thereby selectively supply electrical power to the supply circuits. [0007] Typically each electrical supply circuit is for supplying power to electrical devices having respective supply requirements. [00081 Typically the at least two electrical supply circuits are for supplying power to electrical devices having different respective supply requirements. [00091 Typically the supply circuits include at least two of: a) at least one standby supply circuit for supplying power to devices having a standby mode; C:\oNRot\DCCI.\4594775_l.DOC-Ii/l I/2O 1 -3 b) at least one non-essential supply circuit for supplying power to electrical devices not always requiring power; c) at least one essential supply circuit for supplying power to electrical devices always requiring power; and, d) at least one lighting circuit for supplying power to electrical lighting devices. [00101 Typically the supply circuits includes at least one essential supply circuit for supplying electrical power to at least one of: a) security devices; and, b) emergency devices. [00111 Typically the operating modes include a first mode in which power is supplied to each electrical power circuit. [00121 Typically the operating modes include a second mode in which power is only supplied to each essential supply circuit. [00131 Typically the operating modes include a third mode in which power is supplied to: a) each essential supply circuit; and, b) at least one lighting circuit. [00141 Typically the operating modes include a fourth mode in which: a) power is supplied to each essential supply circuit; and, b) power is selectively supplied to at least one lighting circuit. [00151 Typically the system includes at least one sensor, and wherein in at least one operating mode the controller is for selectively supplying power to at least one electrical supply circuit in accordance with signals from the sensor. [00161 Typically the sensor includes a light sensor for detecting external light levels, and wherein the controller is for selectively supplying electrical power to a light supply circuit in accordance with the external light levels.

C:\NRPonbDCC\URA594775.DOC-ISI 1/2011 -4 [00171 Typically the system includes a timer, and wherein in at least one operating mode the controller is for selectively supplying power to at least one electrical supply circuit in accordance with signals from the timer. 100181 Typically the controller is for selectively supplying electrical power to at least one of a light supply circuit and a hot water system in accordance with a current time. [00191 Typically the controller includes a store for storing settings, and wherein the controller is for controlling at least one supply circuit in accordance with the settings. [00201 Typically the supply switches include relays. [00211 Typically each electrical supply circuit includes a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being provided in series with the supply switches. [00221 Typically at least one supply circuit supplies electrical power to electrical outlets, each electrical outlet being for receiving a plug of one or more electrical devices. [00231 Typically at least one electrical outlet is associated with an outlet switch for selectively connecting the electrical outlet to a first or a second electrical supply circuit. [00241 Typically the system includes at least one electrical outlet unit, each outlet unit including at least two respective electrical outlets and an outlet switch for selectively connecting the respective electrical outlets to either the first or second electrical supply circuit. [00251 Typically the electrical devices include at least one of: a) electric lights; and, b) electrical appliances. [00261 Typically the system includes a plurality of input buttons, each input button being for activating or deactivating a respective mode. [00271 Typically the system includes at least two sets of inputs, each set of inputs being capable of selecting between the different operating modes.

C:\NRPoa b\D CC\JR\A594775-l.DOC-18111/2011 -5 [00281 Typically the system includes at least one indicator for providing an indication of a currently selected operating mode. [00291 Typically the system includes a plurality of indicators, each indicator being for indicating whether a respective operating mode is selected. [00301 Typically the controller is adapted to communicate with a remote device to at least one of: a) provide an indication of a current operating mode or current settings; and, b) allow a user to modify a current operating mode or current settings. [00311 Typically the controller communicates with the remote device via a communications system. [0032] In a second broad form the present invention seeks to provide a method of configuring an electrical supply system, the method includes: a) providing at least two electrical supply circuits, each supply circuit being adapted to provide electrical supply to a number of electrical devices; b) providing at least one supply switch, each supply switch being for controlling the supply of electrical power to a respective electrical supply circuit; c) providing at least one input for selecting an operating mode; and, d) providing a controller coupled to the input and the at least one supply switch, the controller being for: i) determining a selected operating mode; and, ii) controlling the at least one supply switch to thereby selectively supply electrical power to the supply circuits. [00331 Typically the method includes designating power supply outlets for inclusion on each supply circuit. 100341 Typically the system is installed in a building having a number of rooms, and wherein at least one room includes power supply outlets on each electrical supply circuit. [00351 Typically the system includes: C:\NR1 onbliDCC\1R\594715_).DOC-/I 1/2011 -6 a) at least one standby supply circuit for supplying power to devices having a standby mode; b) at least one non-essential supply circuit for supplying power to electrical devices not always requiring power; c) at least one essential supply circuit for supplying power to electrical devices always requiring power; and, d) at least one lighting circuit for supplying power to electrical lighting devices. [00361 Typically the system is installed in a building having a number of rooms, and wherein at least one room includes: a) at least one power supply outlet coupled to a standby supply circuit; b) at least one power supply outlet coupled to a non-essential supply circuit; and, c) at least one power supply outlet coupled to an essential supply circuit. [00371 In a third broad form the present invention seeks to provide a method of configuring an electrical supply system, the method includes: a) determining supply requirements associated with each of a number of electrical devices; b) determining a building layout; and, c) designing a wiring layout to thereby provide electrical supply outlets to the electrical devices in accordance with the supply requirements, the layout including: i) at least two electrical supply circuits, each supply circuit being adapted to provide electrical supply to a number of electrical devices; ii) at least one supply switch, each supply switch being for controlling the supply of electrical power to a respective electrical supply circuit; iii) at least one input for selecting an operating mode; and, iv) a controller coupled to the input and the at least one supply switch, the controller being for: (1) determining a selected operating mode; and, (2) controlling the at least one supply switch to thereby selectively supply electrical power to the supply circuits.

C:\NPonbl\DCCLRW594775_j.DOC-1/1 1/2011 -7 [00381 Typically the method includes providing a visual indication of the supply circuit to which each electrical outlet is connected. [00391 In a fourth broad form the present invention seeks to provide an electrical supply system including: a) first and second electrical supply circuits, each supply circuit being adapted to supply electrical power to a number of electrical devices; b) a supply switch for controlling the supply of electrical power to at least the first supply circuit; c) a number of electrical outlets, each electrical outlet being associated with an outlet switch for selectively connecting the electrical outlet to either the first or second electrical supply circuit. [00401 Typically the system includes at least one electrical outlet unit, each outlet unit including at least two respective electrical outlets and an outlet switch for selectively connecting the respective electrical outlets to either the first or second electrical supply circuit. [00411 Typically the system includes: a) at least one input for selecting an operating mode; and, b) a controller coupled to the input and the supply switch, the controller being for: i) determining a selected operating mode; and, ii) controlling the supply switch in accordance with the selected operating mode to thereby selectively supply electrical power to the supply circuits. Brief Description of the Drawings 100421 An example of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 100431 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of an electrical supply system; [00441 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a second example of an electrical supply system; [00451 Figure 3 is schematic diagram of a building incorporating an electrical supply system; C:\NRPOrtbnDCCi1J4594775.1DOC-181 1/2011 -8 [0046] Figure 4 is a flow chart of an example of a process for configuring an electrical supply system; [0047] Figure 5A is a schematic front view of an electrical supply unit including two electrical outlets; [0048] Figure 5B is a schematic functional view of electrical connections of the electrical supply unit of Figure 5A; [0049] Figure 5C is a third example of an electrical supply system incorporating electrical supply units of Figure 5A; [00501 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a first specific example of an electrical supply system; 10051] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a second specific example of an electrical supply system; and, [0052] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an example of an arrangement of networked electrical supply systems. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments [0053] An example of an electrical supply system will now be described with reference to Figure 1. [0054] In this example the electrical supply system 100 includes at least two electrical supply circuits 101, 102. Each electrical supply circuit is adapted to supply electrical power to a number of electrical devices generally indicated at 111.1, 111.2, 111.3, 112.1, 112.2, 112.3. Although three are shown, this is for the purpose of example only, and in practice one or more electrical devices may be used. The electrical devices can be any form of electrical device and electrical power may be supplied via a supply outlet such as an electrical plug socket, or may be supplied directly to the device. [00551 The apparatus includes at least two supply switches 121, 122. Each supply switch is provided in a respective electrical supply circuit 101, 102 to thereby control the supply of electrical power to the respective supply circuit 101, 102. Accordingly, each of the supply switches 121, 122 can selectively open the electrical supply circuits 101, 102 to thereby interrupt the supply of electrical power to the electrical devices 111.1, 111.2, 111.3, 112.1, CNRortb\DCC\JRW594775_.DOC-18//201 I -9 112.2, 112.3. It will be appreciated from this that any suitable supply switches can be used, but in one example, the supply switches are power relays. [0056] The apparatus also includes a controller 130 coupled to the supply switches 121, 122 and to at least one input 141. The input may be any form of input but is typically in the form of a push button or other similar input switch, allowing one or more input options corresponding to respective operating modes to be selected. Accordingly, in use the input is used to select an operating mode, which in turn causes the controller 130 to control the supply switches 121, 122 to thereby selectively supply electrical power to the supply circuits 101, 102 and hence in turn to the electrical devices 111.1, 111.2, ... 112.3. [0057] It will therefore be appreciated that the controller 130 can be any form of controller capable of interpreting signals from the input to determine selection of a respective operating mode, and then control the supply switches 121, 122 accordingly. In one example, the controller includes an electronic processing device such as a microprocessor, microchip processor, logic gate configuration, firmware optionally associated with implementing logic such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or any other suitable electronic device, system or arrangement. [00581 In one example, the controller further includes a store, such as a memory, for storing operating mode data, which can include settings defining how the supply switches 121, 122 should be controlled for each operating mode, as well as other operational parameters, permissions for altering the data, user profiles, or the like. An additional input (not shown), such as a touch screen or the like, can be used in order to define operating mode data, although other arrangements can alternatively be used. The controller 130 is typically arranged to be memory retentive so that if power supply to the controller 130 is interrupted, the controller 130 will continue to function as configured once power is restored. [00591 In use, each electrical supply circuit is arranged to supply electrical power to one or more devices having similar supply requirements, such as devices having standby modes. Accordingly, the above described system allows different electrical circuits to be provided with an operator being able to selectively control the electrical circuits to thereby supply power to one or more devices with similar power requirements.

CANRPonb\DCC\LR\4594775_LDOC-1/1 1/2011 -10 [00601 By way of an example, the apparatus can include any two or more of a standby supply circuit for supplying power to devices having a standby mode, a non-essential supply circuit for supplying power to electrical devices not always requiring power, an essential supply circuit for supplying power to an electrical devices always requiring power and a lighting circuit for supplying power to electrical lighting devices. [00611 A variety of different operating modes can then be defined, with each operating mode defining a respective state for the supply of power to the different supply circuits. For example, modes can include an "away" mode for when no individuals are present in the building, a "night" mode for when individuals are present but the majority of electrical devices are unused, or a "security" mode in which limited devices, such as selected lights, are used to provide the perception of the presence of occupants. [00621 In the case of any essential supply circuit, this is configured so power is always supplied, so that electrical devices always requiring electrical power are suitably powered at all times. Such electrical devices can include devices such as fridges, freezers or the like, for which if the power supply is interrupted, there will be an adverse affect. Other essential devices might include emergency or security devices, such as smoke alarms, burglar alarms, or the like. In this instance, these could be provided on the essential circuit, or alternatively installed on one or more other essential circuits, so that they are isolated from the supply for other essential devices in case faults occur. It will be appreciated that with the essential supply circuit, a supply switch is not strictly required as power will always typically be supplied. However, the supply switch is typically included to ensure the supply circuit can be controlled if required. [00631 In the case of devices having a standby power mode, such a mode typically utilises a relatively large amount of electricity even when the electrical device is not been actively used. Accordingly, the controller 130 is arranged to halt supply of electrical power to a standby supply circuit when such devices are not required. It will be noted, however, that some standby devices may require power at all times, for example in the case of recording devices such as personal video recorders, set top boxes or the like. In this instance, such standby devices may be coupled to the essential supply circuit to ensure power is supplied at all times as required.

C:\NaRPonb\DCCULJRW594775_1.DOC-181 1/2011 - 11 [0064] For non-essential devices, such as devices that do not generally require power unless being used, these can be deactivated unless they are to be used. In the case of lighting, this again typically only needs to be powered in the event that lighting is required, but can otherwise be deactivated. [00651 Thus, for each of these different modes, the controller 130 will control the supply switches 121, 122 to selective activate the different supply circuits as required, in accordance with desired supply requirements, similar to this described above. [00661 For example, in "away" mode the controller 130 can be configured to deactivate any supply circuits other than essential supply circuits. Accordingly, through selection of a single input option, this allows a user to deactivate all non-essential devices, devices having a standby mode, and any lighting, thereby saving electrical power, whilst avoiding the need for the user to turn off individual devices separately. In "night" mode, the lighting supply circuit will remain active, but the standby and non-essential supply circuits can be deactivated, thereby saving power by deactivating any unused devices, but allowing lights to remain operational as required. [0067] Thus, it will be appreciated that the above described arrangement involves providing a wiring configuration in which devices with similar power supply requirements are provided on common supply systems, so that the supply systems and hence the devices can be controlled centrally. Particularly in a domestic environment, this allows a simple cheap controller to be used to control a large number of devices, thereby allowing significant electricity savings to be achieved. [0068] A second example electrical supply system will now be described with reference to Figure 2. In this example, the apparatus is similar to that described above but with a number of additional features. Accordingly, similar reference numerals will be used to describe similar components. 100691 In this example, additional supply switches, 123, 124 are provided associated with respective supply circuits 103, 104. Thus, it will be appreciated from this that the system is scalable and can include any number of supply switches, although the use of four is C:\NRPrtb\DCC1JR\59475_.DOC-1/11/ 2011 -12 particularly beneficial as this allows for each of an essential, non-essential, lighting and standby circuits to be controlled. It will be appreciated however that alternatively an essential circuit may not be coupled to the supply system, with this being provided in accordance with standard wiring arrangements. [00701 The supply switch 124 is capable of controlling two supply circuits 104.1, 104.2 with each of these being operated in conjunction by the same switch 124. It will be appreciated that this might be performed to provide different supply circuits for providing common functionality, in different areas of a house or other similar building. [00711 Each supply switch 121, 122, 123, 124 is coupled to an electrical supply 160, such as a mains electricity supply. The supply switches are typically configured to have a default closed state, so that if a failure occurs with the apparatus, power will continue to be supplied to the supply circuits, ensuring a user can continue to use electrical appliances. However, for safety, each supply circuit 101, 102, 103, 104 can include a circuit breaker 201, 202, 203, 204.1, 204.2, to interrupt power in the event that a fault occurs on the supply circuit or in one of the electrical devices connected thereto. [00721 In this example, the controller 130 is further coupled to a timer 151 and one or more sensors 152 for sensing environmental conditions. The environmental conditions sensor can be any form of suitable sensor, depending on the preferred implementation, and the electrical device that is being controlled. For example, the sensor 152 could include a light sensor for sensing ambient light levels, although alternatively temperature or other sensor may be used. Although separate timers and sensors are shown, this is not essential and alternatively these could be incorporated into or form part of the controller 130. [00731 In this example, the input includes an input unit 140 having four input buttons 141, 142, 143, 144, with each input button 141, 142, 143, 144 having an associated indicator 141.1, 142.2, 143.1, 144.1, such as a light emitting diode (LED), or the like. In this example, each input button 141, 142, 143, 144 is associated with a respective operating mode, with the mode being toggled on and off by repeated pressing of the button. When the operating mode is selected the corresponding indicator 141.1, 142.1, 143.1, 144.1 is illuminated by the controller to thereby indicate the mode has been selected/deselected. It will be appreciated C:\NRP.tb\DCC\UR\45947,5_1.DOC-18/1/201I -13 that whilst four input buttons are shown, this is for the purpose of example only, and in practice more or fewer buttons could be provided depending on the number of operating modes to be controlled. [00741 In use, the apparatus is further adapted to provide an additional "security" mode. In this instance, a user can use the timer to further control one or more of the supply switches 121, 122, 123, 124. In use, the user sets timer settings, for example by entering these into the controller 130, using an input, such as a touch screen (not shown). The settings may be stored in memory, allowing the controller 130 to selectively activate a selected supply switch, such as a lighting supply circuit, at predetermined times only. In this instance, the user can simply select the "security" mode when leaving the building, in which case any non-essential, and standby devices will be deactivated, with the lighting circuit being activated at set times, to thereby present the appearance that the building is occupied for security purposes. 100751 Another example use for the timer is to control devices such as heaters, hot water systems or the like. This can be used to allow these to be activated periodically as required. For example, in cold climates there can be adverse effects if heating is not used for an extended period of time, for example while a building occupant is on holiday. Accordingly, the supply system can be configured with a "holiday" mode, in which devices are activated periodically, for example to prevent pipes freezing. Similarly, in the case of hot water, a user may wish to activate a hot water system at a set time, so hot water is available when they return. 100761 In this example, the user can program specify details of when they are absent, and/or when devices are to be activated. In this instance, hot water and or heating may be provided on separate respective supply circuits, with these being operated in accordance with programmed settings and timing information from the timer, so that heating is used as required to prevent freezing of pipes, whilst the hot water is activated before the scheduled return time, so hot water is available. 100771 It will be appreciated that scheduling of when supply circuits are activated can also be performed for other supply circuits, as will be described in more detail below.

C:\NRPWob\CCLR\4594775_I.DOC-18/11/2011 -14 100781 Similarly, the controller 130 can be configured to control other supply circuits in accordance with signals from the other sensor(s) 152. For example, a mode could be provided in which lights are activated when ambient light levels fall below a predetermined level. This can be used, for example, to assist individuals when returning home after dark. Alternatively, a temperature sensor could be used to control heating and/or cooling appliances, for example to allow heating or cooling to be provided automatically if temperatures are outside defined ranges. It will be appreciated that whilst many heating cooling devices include their own thermostatic control, this avoids the need for the device to be placed in a standby mode when the temperature is outside a defined temperature zone, thereby helping to conserve power. [00791 In another similar application, the controller 130 can be adapted to control the supply of electricity to solar hot water systems. In this regard, such systems typically have to ensure that the water temperature is maintained above a predetermined temperature for a set time period. This is performed to ensure that bacteria are periodically killed to thereby prevent bacterial levels within the water reaching dangerous levels. Accordingly, in this instance, the controller 130 can be configured to monitor temperature signals from a sensor in the hot water tank, such as a hot water system thermostat, and selectively activate a supplementary heater as required, thereby ensuring temperature levels in the water tank are maintained. [0080] Additionally and/or alternatively activation of heating can be performed on the basis of signals from the timer 151. In this instance, the controller 130 can be activated to perform additional heating at a predetermined time during the day, and/or in accordance with signals from a temperature sensor, with heating being performed for a predetermined amount of time to ensure all bacteria are killed. [00811 In one example, the controller 130 can be configured to operate in either a "manual" or "automated" modes. In the "automated" mode, the controller 130 can utilises signals from the timer 151, and any sensors 152, to thereby automatically control devices in accordance with programmed settings. In contrast, in "manual" mode, the timer and sensors are overridden, and control provided by the use of the inputs 141,... 144 alone. It will be appreciated that this provides a mechanism for allowing a user to define programmed settings, but easily override these in the event that they are not to be used.

C:NRPortbfDCC\LJRM594775_1.DOC-18/11/2011 - 15 [00821 A further feature that can optionally be provided is to allow the controller 130 to be remotely monitored and/or controlled. Whilst this can be achieved in any appropriate manner, in one example, the controller 130 includes an interface for connecting the controller 130 to a remote device 170 via an appropriate communications technique. This can include, for example, communicating via an intermediate communications system, such as a mobile phone network, private networks, such as an 802.11 networks, the Internet, LANs, WANs, or the like, or via a direct or point-to-point connections, such as Bluetooth, or the like. [00831 In one example, the remote device 170 can include a processing device, such as mobile phone, PDA, laptop, tablet computer, personal computer, server, or the like. In one particular example, the controller 130 can be adapted to host a network page, such as a webpage, which can be remotely by the remote device 170, allowing current settings to be displayed and/or altered as required. 100841 This allows a user to access the controller 130 from a remote location and confirm that it is in the desired operating mode, as well as making changes to the selected mode as required. For example, when a user leaves the building, if they have forgotten to activate an away mode, they can switch this on by using the remote device 170 as an input. Additionally, if the user finds they are away longer than expected, they can switch to "security" mode and update a time at which lighting or other devices are activated, thereby providing the appearance that the building is occupied. 100851 In another example, the apparatus can further include the ability to automatically update the current operating mode by detecting the presence and/or absence of individuals. Whilst this could be achieved using any suitable technique, such as infra-red motion sensors, in one preferred example, the controller 130 is adapted to communicate wirelessly with an identification device 180, which is typically carried by a user such as an occupant of the building. [0086] The nature of the device can vary depending on the preferred implementation, and could include a mobile phone or other communications device that can be detected by the controller, for example using a wi-fi connection, or the like.

C:W PonblDCC\UR\459477S1.DOC-1R/1 1/201 -16 [00871 Alternatively the identification device 180 is in the form of an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag, which would be carried by the user. For example, this could be a key fob attached to the user's keys, or could include a security pass for accessing part of a building, or the like. In this example, the controller 130 can include an RFID or other suitable reader or wireless communications system for detecting the identification device 180. In use, the controller 130 monitors for the presence of the identification device, and can use the presence or absence of the device, to automatically switch between operating modes. [0088] Thus, in one example, when the controller 130 detects an identification device leaves a perimeter surrounding the building, the controller 130 can be configured to automatically enter an operating mode, such as the "away" mode, or "security" mode described above. This can be performed immediately, but more typically is performed after a delay of a few minutes, such as 10 or 20 minutes. Conversely, when the controller 130 detects the identification device entering the property, the controller 130 can switch from the "away" mode to a "normal" operating mode in which devices are activated and manually controlled in the normal manner. [00891 It will be appreciated that this provides a mechanism for allowing the operating mode implemented by the controller 130 to be automatically controlled, without requiring physical input from the user. Furthermore, the automated detection could also be implemented in conjunction with, or independently to the manual operating described above. Thus, for example, one of the operating modes selected manually by the user, using the input unit 140 could be an "automatic" mode, in which the controller 130 selectively switches between other defined modes depending on the presence of a user. [00901 In the event that automated detection of individuals is performed, it will be appreciated that a number of sensors for sensing the identification unit may need to provided around the building, or by each building entrance to ensure that the presence of individuals entering and/or leaving the premises are correctly identified. Similarly, the RFID tag may be an active RFID tag which includes a power supply, which allows the presence of the RFID tag to be detected at a greater distance than passive non-powered tags, thereby improving the ability of the controller 130 to activate electrical supply circuit prior to a user entering a premises. However, alternatively, an individual could be detected by having a mobile device, C:\NRPorblDCC\LJR\4594775j DOC-II 1/2011 -17 such as a smart phone, register with a wifi or other similar wireless network. In this instance, the controller uses a communications network provided within a building to detect when users are present, based on whether their device is connected to the network. This allows existing infrastructure to be used to determine if individuals are present. [00911 It is typical for one or more identification devices 180 to be uniquely registered with a particular controller, so that identification devices 180 do not inadvertently operate the controller 130 on a premises with which the user is not associated. It is possible for multiple identification devices 180 to be provided for a given premises. For example, in the case of a domestic residence it is typical for each occupant to be given an identification device 180, allowing the system to operate when any occupant returns. [00921 This arrangement also allows identification devices 180 to be associated with respective user profiles so that the actions performed upon detection will vary depending on the particular of each identification device 180 detected. Thus, for example, parents may have profiles that activate all standby appliances within a residence, whereas children may have tags that only activate selected standby appliances. This can be used to control a child's access to particular electrical devices such as gaming machines or the like. In order to achieve this, devices which are to be controlled differently are put on different supply circuits in a manner similar to that previously described, with particular operating modes being associated with each particular identification device 170. 100931 A further example operation of the above described arrangement is to control door locks. In particular, electronic door locks are available which can be activated for example based on biometric information, scanning an identification device, or the like. In such situations, the electronic lock can be connected to a supply circuit which is deactivated when there are no occupants in the building. In this instance, when an occupant returns to the building their identification device 170 is detected and the lock activated allowing the lock to be operated in the normal manner, for example by scanning biometric information or the like. It will be appreciated that this can enhance the security of a building significantly by ensuring that electronic locks are deactivated, and hence can not be unlocked, when occupants are away from the building.

C:\URPortblDCC\LIR4594773_..IDUU.LB/ IUl i -18 [00941 In addition to the above described functionality, it will be appreciated that such electronic locks may also be remotely controllable to unlock. In this instance, the locks could be connected to the controller 130 allowing the controller to operate the lock in this instance, the locks could be activated upon detection of an identification device 170. In addition to this, the user could be required to provide a pin, pass code, or the like to actually unlock the lock, which can be done via Wi-Fi connection from a mobile phone or similar, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art. [0095] In general, the controller will deactivate the standby circuits and/or lighting circuits or the like a predetermined time after all occupants have left the vicinity of the building. It will be appreciated that the controller could also operate to activate security systems at this time. [0096] In one example, the electrical supply system is specifically designed to be used in a domestic residence, such as a house, apartment, or the like. An example of such a building incorporated in electrical supply system is shown in Figure 3. 100971 In this example the building 300 includes a number of rooms 301, 302, 303, 304 having electrical supply outlet sockets 311.1, 311.2, 311.3, 311.4, 312.1, 312.2, 312.3, 312.4, 313.1, 313.2, 313.3, 313.4, 314, and light fittings 321.1, 321.2, 322, 323, 324. It will be appreciated that the above described arrangement of rooms, supply outlets and light fittings is for the purpose of illustration only, and that in practice the techniques could apply to any arrangement. 10098] In this example, a single input unit 140 is provided near an external door, allowing an individual to control the electrical supply to devices within the building upon entering or leaving the building. However, it will be appreciated that multiple input units 140 could be provided throughout the building, as desired. [0099] In traditional wiring arrangements, electrical supply sockets in a given region in the house are provided on a common circuit. Thus, for example, all of the electrical sockets in the rooms 301, 304 may be on one electrical supply circuit, whilst all of the electrical sockets in the rooms 302, 303 may be on a separate and different supply circuit. In this instance, this C:\NRPobPJ)CCUJRW594775.DOC-18/11/2011 -19 allows different regions within the house to be electrically isolated, for example in the event that a fault occurs. [01001 However, attempting to control electrical appliances in this manner is rendered difficult by the fact that devices with a different function would typically be provided on the same electrical circuit. Thus, a kitchen may include a refrigerator which is an essential device that needs to remain on at all times, as well as other devices such as microwaves, which are not used at all time, but which still draw electrical power, for example to operate a clock or timer. In this instance, it would be desirable to be able to control each of such devices centrally, whilst allowing the refrigerator to remain power, which is difficult if these are on the supply circuit. [01011 Accordingly, by using the above described arrangements, electrical devices, such as electrical appliances, lighting of the like, can be provided on specific supply circuits depended on the intended function of the device, as opposed to the location. Thus, for example, supply outlets 311.1, 312.1, 313.1, may be provided on a standby supply circuit, whilst supply outlets 311.2, 312.2, 313.2, 314, and supply outlets 311.3, 311.4, 312.3, 312.4, 313.3, 313.4, are provided on essential and non-essential supply circuits respectively. [01021 This enables devices to be centrally controlled, in particular by allowing the power supply to be interrupted to multiple devices when power is not required. This can assist users in easily managing power usage, particularly in a domestic environment. [01031 However, separate circuits can also be provided in different physical locations within the building, so that different portions of a building have different circuits for different types of appliance. Thus, for example, it might be desirable for standby devices upstairs to be controlled independently of standby devices downstairs. In this instance, different input units 140 can be provided to control the circuits in different physical locations, or alternatively a single input unit can include respective input buttons for circuits in different physical locations. In any event, it will be appreciated that this allows devices having similar supply requirements to be controlled centrally, whilst also allowing devices in different regions or zones within a building to be further independently controlled as required.

C:WRPontbDCCURW94775_1.DOC-1/lI 1/2011 - 20 [01041 It will also be appreciated that whilst the above example has focussed on installation in a domestic residence, the system could also be used in commercial building, such as offices, or the like. In this instance, the ability to control supply circuits within the bulding can allow computer equipment and lighting to be deactivated outside or working hours, or when individuals are not present, thereby saving significant amounts of electricity for the business owner. Additional functionality may also be required, such as allowing remote monitoring, allowing remote users to ascertain whether equipment is activated. This can be used for security purposes or the like. [01051 To provide the above described arrangement, and in particular to easily provide the required circuits, the electrical supply system is ideal suited for installation when buildings are being constructed, or when wiring is replaced in existing buildings. An example of the process for providing an electrical supply system will now be described with reference to Figure 4. [01061 Accordingly, when wiring of the building is being contemplated, for example upon construction, a consultation process is performed with the end user at step 400, to ascertain their power supply requirements. In particular, this will be used to enable the user to nominate supply requirements for each supply outlet at step 410, thereby allowing each supply outlet to be assigned to a respective supply circuit at step 420. Once appropriately nominated, a wiring layout is determined at step 430, so that the supply outlets are provided on the correct supply circuits. The wiring layout can then be provided to an installer, such as an electrician, allowing the required wiring to be installed. 101071 In use, each supply outlet may then be labelled to indicate the supply circuit to which it is attached. Thus, each electrical socket may include an indication indicative of whether it is an essential, non-essential or standby power socket, allowing a user to connect their electrical devices to the correct electrical supply outlet. [0108] Whilst the above example has focussed on assessing wiring requirements when building a property, this is not essential and alternatively existing wiring within a building can be modified if required, thereby allowing the system to be installed within pre-existing buildings.

C: PWotblDCC\LUR\4594775_.DOC-1/11/0IfnI -21 [01091 In the above described example, electrical outlets are hardwired into specific supply circuits so that each outlet is connected to a respective supply circuit. Whilst this system is easy to control, it does have the draw back that the intended function of, and in particular, the electrical supply requirements of the electrical device to be connected to the outlet must be determined in advance. This can cause problems at should someone want to alter the location of electrical devices within their house, for example if they rearrange furniture, or the like. [01101 To address this, electrical outlets can be associated with an outlet switch which allows an outlet to be selectively coupled to one or two or more supply circuits. The outlet switch will typically be in the form of a physical manually operated switch, which is provided in the vicinity of the electrical outlet allowing the outlet to be selectively coupled to the supply circuit depending on the power supply requirements of the electrical devices coupled thereto. An example of this will now be described in more detail with reference to Figures 5A and 5B. 101111 In the example of Figures 5A and 5B, an electrical outlet unit 500 is provided which typically corresponds to a wall mounted electrical supply outlet arrangement. In this example, the electrical outlet unit includes first and second electrical outlets 511, 512 each having an optional associated switch 511.1, 512.1, which can be used to disconnect the supply outlet 511, 512 from the electrical supply circuits. An additional switch 513 is also provided. [01121 It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that this corresponds to the physical configuration of standard electrical sockets in which the third switch 513 is provided for controlling an additional electrical appliance. Switches of this arrangement are typically used in environments where hardwired electrical devices are present. Thus for example such a socket arrangement may be used in a kitchen with the third switch 513 being used to control an extractor fan, oven, waste disposal unit, or the like. 101131 In this example, the outlet unit 500 is wired as shown in Figure 5B. In this instance, the outlet unit 500 is coupled to first and second supply circuits 501, 502 which may correspond for example to essential and standby supply circuits respectively. In this instance the switch 513 is coupled to each of the switches 511.1, 512.1 and in turn to the supply outlets 511, 512. This allows the switch 513 to be used to selectively connect the switches C.\RPortbDCC\UR\4594775_DOC-18/11/2011 - 22 511.1, 511.2 and hence the outlet sockets 511, 512 to either the first or second electrical supply circuits 501, 502 depending on the physical position of the switch 513. [0114] Accordingly, in this instance it will be appreciated that altering the switch are 513 allows the supply outlets 511, 512 to be selectively connected to either the first or second supply circuits 501, 502. [01151 It will therefore be appreciated that the outlet unit 500 could be utilised in the above described arrangement shown in Figure 3. In this instance, by connecting the outlet unit 500 to both essential and standby supply circuits this allows the functionality of the electrical supply outlets 311, 312, 313, 314 to be altered after installation. Accordingly, if the user wishes to connect either an essential or standby electrical device to the socket the position of the switch can be altered as required so that the supply of electricity to the device can be controlled in accordance with the abovementioned processes. [01161 A further benefit of the above described arrangement, is this can be utilised to provide a simplified electrical supply system, an example of which will now be described with reference to Figure 5C. [0117] In this example, a number of outlet units 500 are connected to first and second supply circuits 501, 502. The supply circuit 501 is connected to a power supply, such as a mains supply (not shown), whilst the supply circuit 502, is also coupled to the electrical supply, via a supply switch 520. In use the supply switch 520 can be any form of switch such as a manually operated switch. In this instance, a user can easily control power supply to electrical devices having a "standby" mode by selectively activating the supply switch 520. It will therefore be appreciated that this can be used to allow a standby device to be easily deactivated simply by appropriate selection of the position of the switch 520. Control of whether an electrical appliance is attached to the essential or standby circuits 501, 502 is then achieved by controlling the position of the switch 513 associated with each outlet unit 500. 10118] It will therefore be appreciated that this can provide a simple supply arrangement which can be easily utilised to deactivate standby devices on leaving a premises. This technique can also be used on other electrical supply circuits, and reference to the essential C:\RPvor lDCCiLJR\4594775_.DOC-111 1/2011 - 23 and standby power supply circuits is for the purpose of example only. Thus, for example, this could also be used to deactivate lighting circuits or the like. It will also be appreciated that the switch 513 could be replaced by a multiple position switch allowing the outlets 511, 512 to be connected to different supply circuits. [0119] An example of a specific electrical supply system is shown in Figure 6. In this example, similar reference numerals are used to describe similar features, with the power supply being provided via a residual current device 190. Additional contactors 191 are also provided coupled to the supply switches 121, 122, 123, as shown and as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art. 101201 A second specific example of an electrical supply system will now be described with reference to Figure 7. [01211 In this example, the electrical supply system 700 includes a controller 730, in the form of an electronic processing device as a microprocessor, FPGA or the like, coupled to an input 731, such as touch screen, and a communications device 732 such as a modem, wireless router, or the like. 10122] The controller 730 is coupled to multiple input buttons 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, allowing different operating modes to be selected, and to respective supply switches 721, 722, 723 for activating a non-essential supply circuit, a standby supply circuit and a lighting supply circuit respectively. 101231 In one example, indicators 741.1, 742.1, 743.1, such as LEDs or the like may be provided associated with respective ones of the operating modes, thereby allowing the user to easily ascertain operating modes that are currently selected. Alternatively however, the indicators 741.1, 742.1, 743.1, could be associated with the supply switches, allowing users to easily see which supply circuits are operational. The controller 730 may also be coupled to one or more sensors 751, for example for sensing ambient environmental conditions, such as ambient light levels. [01241 In this example, the supply system 700 includes a residual current device 790 for selectively deactivating the supply in the event of a fault, and one or more current C:\NR rhnb\CCLJR45947751.DUM-II 2011 -24 transformers 791, 792 for supplying electricity from different sources, such as mains electricity and electricity from a solar photovoltaic power system. [0125] In this example the operating mode switches 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746 are used to allow the system to provide a "Goodbye" mode, a "Goodnight" mode, an "Away" mode, a "Security" mode, an "Auto/Manual" mode and a "Remote Sensing" mode. [01261 By way of example, the "Goodbye" mode can be used to deactivate the non-essential, standby and lighting supply circuits when no individuals are present in the building. The "Goodnight" mode can deactivate the non-essential and standby supply circuits for when individuals are present, but not using appliances. The "Away" mode can be used to deactivate the non-essential and standby supply circuits, whilst periodically activating the lighting supply circuit to give the appearance of a presence in the building. [0127] The "Auto/Manual" mode can be used to switch between manual and automated operation, as previously described. The "Security" mode can be similar to the "Away" with additional security alarms or the like activated, whilst the "Remote Sensing" mode which operate to remotely sense individuals in the vicinity of the premises, for example by using mobile phones or RFID tags as previously described. In one particular example, the remote sensing and auto/manual modes may be activated in conjunction with other operating modes, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art. [01281 However, the above operating modes are defined for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. In any event it will be appreciated that the supply system 700 can function in a manner similar to that of the supply system 100 described above, and this will not therefore be described in detail. [01291 A number of further features that can be implemented utilising the above-described arrangement will now be described in further detail. [0130] For example, it is possible to define additional supply circuits for a variety of reasons. This can include, for example, defining a supply circuit for appliances having high power usage requirements, but which can be used at any time, such as hot water heaters, air- C:\NRPoUbl\DCOJR4594775_1.DOC-lV18/111 -25 conditioning, dishwashers, clothes dryers, washing machines, or the like. This can be used to control when such power intensive appliances are used. [01311 In one example, the controller can be adapted to monitor electricity usage on at least one supply circuit then selectively deactivate at least one supply circuit depending on the electricity usage. This allows the controller to control which supply circuits are activated in accordance with usage parameters, such as current power usage, tariff information regarding the cost of supplied electricity, the availability of solar power, or the like, thereby allowing electricity usage to be optimised, and total electricity costs minimised. [01321 In this regard, electricity suppliers typically supply electricity at different tariff rates depending for example on the time of day or current network loads. For example, in Australia, tariffs are higher during the working day than at night when demand is lower. Accordingly, the controller 730 can be used to selectively activate and deactivate equipment depending on tariff costs. In one example, tariffs can be pre-programmed into the device or alternatively these may be retrieved from a remote database such as from an electricity supplier. 101331 In addition to controlling supply circuits based on tariffs, this could also be performed on the basis of current load usage, for example to allow non-essential appliances to be deactivated in the event that certain loads are exceeded. The load could be an instantaneous load, or a cumulative load monitored over a pre-set time period. For example, a user may program the controller 730 to monitor electricity usage over a given time period and in the event that a threshold is exceeded, define supply circuits that are to be deactivated. [01341 Control of electrical supply circuits in accordance with loads may also be utilised in other scenarios. For example, this could be utilised to control the amount of electricity drawn from a solar power source. This could be performed, for example, to minimise overall electricity usage when solar generated electricity is available, allowing the solar generated electricity to be supplied to the mains distribution grid at a high tariff value. Loads can then be increased during low tariff times allowing a user to maximise the profit available from locally generated solar electricity. Alternatively, loads could be maximised when energy from solar power is available to reduce the extent to which mains supply electricity needs to C:\NRPotl\DCCMRW59475_.DOC.-18/1/2011 - 26 be used. Load based control could also be used to control the amount of power stored in storage systems, such as batteries or the like. 10135] Thus, it will also be appreciated that the controller can be used to perform load shedding (selective deactivation of supply circuits) based on current or cumulative loads, tariffs, times or the like. These techniques can be applied to load heavy appliances, or to any of the supply circuits as required. In one particular example, the use of a touch screen can be utilised to allow a user to program the controller 730, allowing the user to define schedules for controlling the supply circuits based on loads, cost requirements, or the like. [0136] The controller 730 can also be adapted to monitor electrical power usage and display this and other related information on the touch screen. For example, the controller 730 could display graphs showing current and recent usage, cumulative usage over defined time periods, associated supply costs, or the like. This can allow users to ascertain the amount of electricity being utilised by different types of devices within the building, in turn allowing the users to modify programmable settings accordingly. [01371 As a ftirther variation, switching of devices can also be performed remotely. An example of this will now be described with reference to Figure 8. 101381 In this example, a number of electricity supply systems 800.1, 800.2, 800.3, 800.4, 800.5, 800.6 are interconnected via communications networks 802, 804 which could include Local Area Networks, Wide Area Networks, telecommunications networks, the Internet, or the like. A base station 801, including a processing system 810 coupled to a database 811 and a computer system 820, may also be provided as shown. [0139] It will be appreciated that the configuration of the networks 802, 804 are for the purpose of example only, and in practice the base station 801, computer system 820 and electrical supply systems 800 can communicate via any appropriate mechanism, such as via wired or wireless connections, including, but not limited to mobile networks, private networks, such as an 802.11 networks, the Internet, LANs, WANs, or the like, as well as via direct or point-to-point connections, such as Bluetooth, or the like.

C:VWRoftbT\DCC\LJ\45947751.DOC-18/1 1/2011 -27 [01401 In use, the base station 801 can include one or more processing systems 810, optionally coupled to a database 811, allowing interaction with, and in one example, control of the supply systems 800. It will be appreciated from this that the processing system 810 could be any suitable processing system, such as a suitably programmed computer system, PC, web server, network server, or the like. In one particular example, the base station 801 is implemented as part of a cloud architecture, and it will be appreciated from this that the processing system 810 can be a single processing system or multiple processing systems 810 interconnected by a computer network. 101411 Similarly the computer system 820 can be any computer system capable of interacting with or otherwise controlling the supply systems 800. This could include any suitably programmed processing system, such as a suitably programmed PC, Internet terminal, lap top, hand-held PC, tablet PC, slate PC, iPadTM, mobile phone, smart phone, PDA (Personal Data Assistant), or other communications device. [01421 In use, the base station 801 or computer system 820 can be granted permission to selectively control the supply systems 800. This can be performed for a variety of reasons. For example, the base station 801 may be operated by an electrical supplier allowing the electrical supplier to selectively deactivate non-essential devices in the event that there is an over-demand of electricity, thereby preventing network overloads or the like. 101431 In another example, the base station 801 or computer 820 could be utilised by a community to selectively control electrical supply systems 800 within the community thereby allowing the community to bulk buy electricity. This can be used by limiting the overall amount of electricity used within any given electricity tariff or time period, thereby allowing the community to pre-buy electricity at reduced prices. 101441 The use of a remote interfacing system, such as the computer 820 or base station 801 can also be used for security monitoring purposes. For example, the controller 730 could be utilised to monitor for operation of security systems, fire alarms or the like, allowing alerts to be generated at remote locations, for example if it is determined that electricity is being used when a building should be empty.

C:%WRPonbU\CC\UR\4594775_1.DOC-18/Il0lI -28 [0145] As described above, the system can be utilised to detect the presence of individuals and control the electrical supply circuits accordingly. This can be achieved utilising any suitable mechanism, such as allowing a mobile communications device such as a mobile phone to access a wireless network, through detection of a key fob or the like. In the event that an emergency situation occurs, details of building occupants can be supplied to emergency authorities, for example, by allowing them to interface with the controller 730. This can be particularly useful, for example, in fire situations where the fire authorities are able to quickly ascertain whether the building includes any occupants and hence whether individuals need to be rescued or not. [01461 In another example, the controller 730 can be configured to send indications regarding the operating status of various devices, including notifications of alarm conditions, such as smoke detectors alarming, high power usage, solar output, activation of intruder alarms, monitoring of water usage or the like. The indications can be of any suitable form and can include emails, text messages or the like. In one example, the controller can be configured with rules regarding where such messages are sent, allowing for example, authorities to be notified in the event that a fire or intruder is detected. [01471 Accordingly, the above described arrangement allows individuals to centrally control a number of electrical devices based on their power supply requirements. This allows user's to easily deactivate devices when not in use so that the power usage is minimised, as well as allowing devices to be controlled in accordance with signals from timers and/or sensors to provide additional functionality. [01481 It will be appreciated that the electrical devices can be any form of devices, such as domestic appliances, lights, or the like and examples include, but are not limited to: " Control valves for water supply; * Control valves for gas supply; * Lighting; e Non-essential power circuits; " Standby power; " Air Conditioning; e Computer monitors; e Computers; C:\NRPonb\DCCUJR594775l.DOC-18/11201 -29 * Pumps; e Electric heaters; * Hot water systems; * TV, audio and associated equipment; * Boiler units; * Electrical loads; * Ovens; " Stoves; or * Microwaves. [0149] It will be appreciated that any number of different supply circuits and operating modes may be defined based on the respective supply requirements and preferred usage scenarios, and that the examples above are for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. [01501 Whilst the above described examples have focussed on domestic environments, it is also possible to utilise similar arrangements in offices or the like. In this instance for example each office or work space could have respective essential and standby supply circuits. These circuits could be activated upon detection of a particular identification device 170. As a consequence when a worker approaches their workstation area, a controller 130 can automatically activate standby devices such as computer monitors or the like, whilst power can be maintained to essential devices at all times. It will be appreciated that in an office environment automatically deactivating standby devices such as monitors when not being used by particular occupants can save significant amounts of money and energy. [01511 Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations and modifications will become apparent. All such variations and modifications which become apparent to persons skilled in the art, should be considered to fall within the spirit and scope that the invention broadly appearing before described.