AU2012202510A1 - A heat exchanger mixing system - Google Patents
A heat exchanger mixing system Download PDFInfo
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- AU2012202510A1 AU2012202510A1 AU2012202510A AU2012202510A AU2012202510A1 AU 2012202510 A1 AU2012202510 A1 AU 2012202510A1 AU 2012202510 A AU2012202510 A AU 2012202510A AU 2012202510 A AU2012202510 A AU 2012202510A AU 2012202510 A1 AU2012202510 A1 AU 2012202510A1
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- mixing
- heat exchanger
- connection plate
- corner
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Abstract
Present invention relates to a heat exchanger mixing system comprising at least one heat exchanger zone, at least one connection plate having one or more mixing units, at least four corners per connection plate, wherein each corner being either blind passage corner, a through-passage corner, a single passage corner, or a double passage corner, and the one or more mixing units are provided with static mixing elements. Present invention relates further to use of a heat exchanger mixing system, and a process for mixing fluids.
Description
2 The Invention According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a heat exchanger mixing system including at least one heat exchanger zone, at least one connection plate having one or more mixing units, at least four separate corners 5 are arranged or connected to each said connection plate, wherein each said corner is either a blind passage corner, a through-passage corner, a single passage corner, or a double passage corner, the one or more mixing units are provided with mixing elements, and wherein the mixing elements of the mixing units are selected from the group consisting of static mixers, helical mixers, 10 combination of right- and left-turned mixer blades, vortex mixers, dynamic mixing elements, flow directing inserts, metallic foams, mesh. Conveniently, one or more injection ports may be connected to one or more of said corners, along one or more sides of one or more said connection plates, or combinations thereof. 15 In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, a heat exchanger mixing system is provided including at least one heat exchanger zone, at least one connection plate having one or more mixing units, at least four separate corners are arranged or connected to each said connection plate, wherein each said corner is either a blind passage corner, a through-passage corner, a single 20 passage corner, or a double passage corner, and wherein said at least one connection plate has one or more mixing units connected externally, arranged internally or both, of said at least one connection plate, the one or more mixing units are provided with mixing elements, and one or more injection ports are connected to one or more said corners, along one or more sides of said one or 25 more connection plates, or combinations thereof. Preferred features of this aspect may be as defined in any one of claims 4 to 14 inclusive, the subject matter of these claims being included in the disclosure of this specification by this reference thereto. 30 According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a heat exchanger mixing system including at least one heat exchanger zone, at least one connection plate having one or more mixing units, at least four separate corners are arranged or connected to each said connection plate, wherein each said 3 corner is either a blind passage corner, a through-passage corner, a single passage corner, or a double passage corner, said one or more mixing units are provided with mixing elements, and wherein one or more injection ports are connected to one or more of said corners or along the sides of said one or more 5 connection plates for additives, for reactants, for test sampling, or for monitoring of the flow of fluids. Conveniently, the or each corner in the above defined heat exchanger mixing systems is connectable or separable from said connection plate. 10 The present invention also anticipates providing a heat exchanger mixing reactor including one or more heat exchanger mixing systems as defined above and at least one reactor zone. Conveniently, the heat exchanger mixing reactor may include up to ten heat exchanger mixing systems as defined above. 15 A still further aspect of the present invention resides in the use of a heat exchanger mixing system as defined above for chemical synthesis or reactions, unit operations such as dilutions of acids, food applications, agrochemicals and biochemicals. 20 Yet another aspect of the present invention resides in the use of a heat exchanger mixing reactor as defined above for chemical synthesis or reactions. In another aspect, the present invention provides a continuous process for mixing fluids including steps of transferring at least one first process fluid and at least 25 one second process fluid or at least one reactant through at least one first corner into at least one internally connected mixing unit of a connection plate of a heat exchange mixing system as defined above, or transferring at least one second process fluid or at least one reactant through at least one first comer into at least one externally connected mixing unit, mixing the at least one first process fluid 30 and the at least one second process fluid or the at least one reactant, transferring heat to or from the mixing unit, transferring the mixed process fluid out of the mixing unit through at least one second corner for further processing in a heat 3a exchanger zone or a reactor zone of another heat exchange mixing system as defined above. Preferred features of this process may be as defined in claims 22 to 25 inclusive annexed hereto, the subject matter of these claims being included in the disclosure of this specification by this reference thereto.
4 The arrangements disclosed by this specification provide a compact system, which enables a more sufficient heat balance. Thus, the present invention relates to a heat exchanger mixing system comprising at least one heat exchanger zone, at least one connection plate having one or more mixing units, at least four fluid 5 transfer corners per connection plate, wherein each fluid transfer corner, herein after called corner or corners, being either a blind passage corner, a through passage corner, a single passage comer, or a double passage corner. The one or more mixing units are provided with mixing elements. The blind corner acts as a stopper and no fluid passes through it. A through passage corner may pass fluids 10 through a connection plate without mixing the fluids with any other fluids, or a through passage corner may be a passage into a connection plate from the outside of the plate. A single corner is directing a flow of fluids in any pre designed angle compared to the inlet angle, and the corner may be used for directing a flow of fluids into a connection plate or out of a connection plate, or 15 may direct the flow to by-pass a connection plate. A double corner is transferring two flows of fluids in different directions without mixing the two flows. Double corners may be used for adding flows of fluids to the system. Examples of corners, which may be used according to the invention, are disclosed in US 4373579 and WO 99/51926. The invention comprises any type suitable corners. 20 The corners are connected to for example a connection plate, a mixing unit, a reactor zone, a heat exchanger zone, or combinations thereof. Fluids may be transferred by the corners into a connection plate or out a connection plate, or if the corner is a double corner it may transfer both process fluids and heat exchanger fluids for instance into or out of a connection plate, but a double corner 25 may also transfer two process fluids to two mixing units, to two reactor zones, to two heat exchanger zones, or combinations thereof. The heat exchanger zone or zones may be heat exchanger plates arranged on one or both sides of the at least one connection plate, or be placed between two 30 or more connection plates. According to another alternative the heat exchanger zone may be a space inside a connection plate outside an internal mixing 5 unit or the heat exchanger zone may surround an externally connected mixing zone. Thus, the at least one heat exchanger zone may be placed inside, outside, or both of the at least one connection plate. Yet another alternative may the at least one heat exchanger zone be placed as a combination of heat exchanger 5 plates arranged on one or both sides of the at least one connection plate and of heat exchanger zones placed inside, outside, or both of the at least one connection plate. According to one alternative may two, three or more connection plates be directly 10 connected to each other between for instance two or more packages of heat exchanger plates, but as an alternative may it be not necessary that the heat exchange mixing system has heat exchanger plates, instead may the system have heat exchanging zones either externally, internally or both. 15 The connection plate may have a shape, which may be essentially square or rectangular, but any shape is possible as long as the performance of the heat exchanger mixing system produces the aimed results. The connection plate may have a section, which may harbour mixing units, heat exchanger fluids, process fluids or combinations thereof. The at least one connection plate may have one or 20 more mixing units connected externally, arranged internally or both of the at least one connection plate. Inlets and outlets of the connection plate may be connected to heat exchanger fluids or process fluids through the corners and the at least one connection plate may have at least one inlet and at least one outlet for fluids. The one or more mixing units may be connected externally of the connection plate. 25 One process fluid may be transferred in a mixing unit inside the connection plate and another process fluid may be transferred in an externally placed mixing unit. The mixed process fluids may be combined and mixed together in yet another mixing unit all depending what type of reaction or physical step the fluids are passing. The connection plate may harbour one or more mixing units internally, 30 one may be inside a tube or other type of closed channel and another may be a mixing unit surrounding the tube or the other type of closed channel Another alternative may the connection plate harbour one or more mixing units arranged internally and at least one inlet and at least one outlet for heat exchanger fluids.
6 The connection plate may be hermetically sealed. The corners may be integrated in the at least one of the connection plates. The mixing units may be provided with mixing elements. The mixing elements 5 may have wings, fins, or other mixing promoting arrangements, the mixing elements could be nets, metallic foams, mesh, fins etc. The mixing elements may be selected from the group consisting of static mixers, helical mixers, combination of right- and left-turned mixer blades, vortex mixers, dynamic mixing elements, lanced offset turbulators, flow controlling inserts, metallic foams, mesh, etc. The 10 mixing unit may be mixing elements such as flow directing inserts disclosed by WO 2004/045761. The mixing unit and the mixing elements may be manufactured of any suitable alloy, stainless steel, Hastelloy@, Inconel@, flouropolymer, polyester, plastics, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nylon, glassfibers, ceramics, (polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, poly(methyl) 15 (met)acrylate, poly ether etherketone (PEEK), or combinations thereof. The heat exchanger system may have according to one alternative embodiment one or more injection ports connected to for instance one or more corners or along the sides of one or more connection plates. The injection ports may be 20 used for additives, reactants, etc. or for test sampling, monitoring of the flow of fluids etc. According to one alternative may an injection port be connected to a blind passage corner, a through passage corner, a single passage corner, or a double passage corner. 25 The heat exchanger system may be brazed, welded or both, or parts of the system may be brazed, welded or both, and the system may be clamed in a framework having at least two end plates, but it is not necessary that the system is clamped in a framework. 30 The present description also relates to a heat exchanger mixing system, which may be used as a reactor, which system comprises one or more heat exchanger mixing systems and at least one reactor zone. The heat exchanger mixing reactor may comprise up to 10 heat exchanger mixing systems.
6a The heat exchanger mixing system may be used for chemical synthesis or reactions, unit operations such as dilutions of acids etc., food applications, agrochemicals, biochemicals etc. The heat exchanger mixing system may be used as a reactor. 5 The present disclosure also relates to a continuous process for mixing fluids, which comprises transferring of at least one first process fluid and at least one second process fluid. The fluids may be solvents, dilution fluids, etc. or may be reacting fluids or fluids having added reactants, catalysts or the like. The fluids 10 may be led through at least one first comer into at least one internally connected mixing unit of a connection plate of a heat exchange mixing system or may the fluids be transferred through at least one first corner into at least one externally connected mixing unit. The first and the second process fluids may be mixed together, heat may be transferred to or from the mixing unit. The mixed process 15 fluid may be transferred out of the mixing unit through at least one second corner for further processing in a heat exchanger zone or in a reactor zone of another heat exchange mixing system. The process may comprise transferring internal heat exchanger fluids through at least two corners to external heat exchanger plates, or the process may comprise transferring internal heat exchanger fluids 20 into the connection plate through at least one first corner and transferring the internal heat exchanger fluids out of the connection plate through at least one second corner for further heat exchanging. Another alternative may the process comprise transferring external heat exchanger fluids into the connection plate through at least one first corner and transferring the external heat exchanger 25 fluids out of the connection plate through at least one second corner. According to a further alternative may the process comprise transferring external heat exchanger fluids into at least one external temper unit of the external mixing unit. Preferred aspects of the invention will further be described in more detail by the 30 aid of Figures 1 to 15. The Figures are only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and not to limit its scope.
6b Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 is schematically showing one alternative example of a heat exchanger mixing system of the invention. 5 Figure 2 is showing a simplified schematic representation of a connection plate of the invention. Figure 3 is showing a connection plate having four corners for process fluids, heat exchanger fluids etc. Figure 4 is showing a blind passage corner. 10 Figure 5 is showing a through passage corner. Figure 6 is showing a single passage corner. Figure 7 is showing a double passage corner. Figure 8 is showing another alternative example of a heat exchanger mixing system of the invention arranged with corners. 15 Figure 9 is showing another alternative example of a heat exchanger mixing system of the invention having the connection plates spaced apart. Figure 10 is schematically showing a connection plate having single corners and through passage corners. Figure 11 is schematically showing a connection plate having an internal static 20 mixing unit. Figure 12 is schematically showing a connection plate having an internal tempering device connected to a internal mixing unit. Figure 13 is schematically showing an internal mixing unit having an external temper device. 25 7 Figure 14 is schematically showing an external mixing unit connected to a connection plate and an internal tempering device. Figure 15 is schematically showing an extemal mixing unit having external tempering device connected to a connection plate. 5 Detailed description of the invention and alternative embodiments. In Figure 1 the invention is schematically represented for the purpose of defining and visualising the parts of the heat exchanger mixing system 10 according to one alternative embodiment of the present invention. The system comprises heat exchanger plates 1 and connection plates 2a, 2b and 2c, Connection plate 2a is representing a connection plate having for instance an internal mixing unit and internal tempering device not shown. Connection plate 2b has external connections 3 for flow of additives, reactants etc., for an 15 external mixing unit, for an external tempering device, or for additional heat exchanger fluids for internal tempering of for instance a mixing unit. Connection plate 2c has comers 4 for additional process fluids, reactants or for heat exchanger fluids. Each connection plate 5 has at least four corners 6, see Figure 2, which are connected to one or more mixing units 7 or are connected 20 to a tempering device having a flow of heat exchange fluids not seen in Figure 2. The mixing units 7 may either be incorporate internally in connection plate 5 or be externally connected to the connection plate, according to one alternative embodiment of the invention may the mixing units be connected both externally and internally on the same connection plate. The mixing units are constructed 25 with mixing elements 8, which either are part of the mixing unit or a separate part to be added into the mixing unit or connection plate. Figure 3 is showing an alternative connection plate 5 having four different corners 9, 10, 11 and 12 arranged to connection plate 5. Corner 9 in Figure 4 is 30 a blind corner, which may act as a stopper when connected to a connection plate. Corner 10 in Figure 5 is a through passage corner having a hole 13 for passage of fluids, which corner may pass fluids through a connection plate 8 without mixing the fluids with any fluids in the connection plate. Corner 10 may also connect fluids within a connection plate with any kind of external fluid device, or may connect a connection plate to an additional fluid to be added to a mixing system of the invention. Single corner 11 in Figure 6 is directing one fluid flow 5 through hole 13 into tube 14 and out, or is directing the fluids trough tube 14 and out of hole 13, that means that single corner may transfer fluids from a neighbouring plate into or out of a connection plate or into or out of a mixing unit. A single corner may also be used to add fluids to a mixing system according to the invention. Double corner 12 in Figure 7 is having a wall 15 separating two 10 fluids from each other. Double corner 12 is directing two fluid flows without mixing them. Double corners 12 may add multi-functions to a connection plate or a mixing system. The flow of fluids through double corner may be in any direction suitable for the system. 15 Figure 8 is showing a mixing system having heat exchanger plates 1 and connection plates 5 within a frame 16. Two end plates 17 are stabilising the system within frame 16. Different corners are arranged to direct fluids into or out of the connection plates and thus add to the multi-function of the mixing system of the invention. The mixing system seen in Figure 9 shows connection plates 5 20 spaced apart within a frame 16. In this figure it can be seen that for instance single corners 11 are stopping flows of fluids from one side of a connection plate or heat exchanger plate 1, and are adding fluid flows from the outside of the connection plate or heat exchanger plate into the connection plate or heat exchanger plate. 25 Figures 10 to 15 are all schematic presentations of different possibilities of mixing internally or externally of the mixing system according to the invention. The connection plate in Figure 10 is equipped with single corners 11 for connecting fluids to an outside source, which could be an external mixing unit or could be 30 additional fluids to be treated within a heat exchanger mixing system of the invention. The connection plate is also equipped with two corners, which could be either blind corners 9 or through passage corners 10, or one of each.
9 The connection plate in Figure 11 is equipped with an internal mixing element 8. Figure 12 is showing a connection plate in which one flow of fluids 18 is directed into a mixing unit or an open space, and another flow of fluids 19 is directed into the connection plate to an internal temper device to internally 5 temper flow 18, without mixing flow 18 with flow 19. An external flow of tempering fluids is led through connections 20, see Figure 13, which connections 20 may be through passage corners 10. The external flow of tempering fluids is led into an internal temper device within the connection plate having single corners in Figure 13, to temperate fluids in the mixing unit or the 10 open space, which may be used as reaction space without mixing. An external mixing unit 21 is connected to a connection plate in Figure 14 and in Figure 15 is mixing unit 21 equipped with an external temper device 22. One or more injection ports 23 may be connected to one or more corners or to 15 one or more sides of a connection plate. In Figure 11 and 12 are injection port 23 connected to a corner. Figure 13 shows several injection ports 23 connected along one side of a connection plate. Injection ports 23 may be connected to a corner which can be seen in Figures 5, 6 or 7.
Claims (25)
1. A heat exchanger mixing system including at least one heat exchanger zone, at least one connection plate having one or more mixing units, at least four separate corners are arranged or connected to each said connection plate, 5 wherein each said corner is either a blind passage corner, a through-passage corner, a single passage corner, or a double passage corner, the one or more mixing units are provided with mixing elements, and wherein the mixing elements of the mixing units are selected from the group consisting of static mixers, helical mixers, combination of right- and left-turned mixer blades, vortex mixers, dynamic 10 mixing elements, flow directing inserts, metallic foams, mesh.
2. The heat exchanger mixing system according to claim 1, wherein one or more injection ports are connected to one or more of said corners, one or more sides of one or more said connection plates, or combinations thereof.
3. A heat exchanger mixing system including at least one heat exchanger 15 zone, at least one connection plate having one or more mixing units, at least four separate corners are arranged or connected to each said connection plate, wherein each said corner is either a blind passage corner, a through-passage corner, a single passage corner, or a double passage corner, and wherein said at least one connection plate has one or more mixing units connected externally, 20 arranged internally or both, of said at least one connection plate, said one or more mixing units are provided with mixing elements, and one or more injection ports are connected to one or more said corners, along one or more sides of said one or more connection plates, or combinations thereof.
4. The heat exchanger mixing system according to claim 3, wherein the 25 mixing elements of the mixing units are selected from the group consisting of static mixers, helical mixers, combination of right- and left-turned mixer blades, vortex mixers, dynamic mixing elements, flow controlling inserts, metallic foams, mesh. 11
5. The heat exchanger mixing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one heat exchanger zone is heat exchanger plates arranged on one or both sides of the or each said connection plate.
6. The heat exchanger mixing system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 5 wherein the at least one heat exchanger zone is placed inside, outside, or both, of the or each said connection plate.
7. The heat exchanger mixing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one connection plate has a shape, which is essentially square or rectangular. 10
8. The heat exchanger mixing system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said at least one connection plate has one or more mixing units connected externally, arranged internally or both, of said at least one connection plate.
9. The heat exchanger mixing system according to any one of the preceding 15 claims, wherein said at least one connection plate has at least one inlet and at least one outlet for fluids.
10. The heat exchanger mixing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one connection plate has said one or more mixing units connected externally. 20
11. The heat exchanger mixing system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said at least one connection plate has said one or more mixing units arranged internally.
12. The heat exchanger mixing system according to claim 11, wherein said at least one connection plate is hermetically sealed. 12
13. The heat exchanger mixing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the or each said mixing unit and the or each said mixing element are manufactured of any suitable alloy, stainless steel, Hastelloy@, Inconel@, flouropolymer, polyester, plastics, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nylon, glassfibers, 5 ceramics, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, poly(methyl) (met)acrylate, poly ether etherketone (PEEK), or combinations thereof.
14. The heat exchanger mixing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein two or more said connection plates are directly connected to each other. 10
15. A heat exchanger mixing system including at least one heat exchanger zone, at least one connection plate having one or more mixing units, at least four separate corners are arranged or connected to each said connection plate, wherein each said corner is either a blind passage corner, a through-passage corner, a single passage corner, or a double passage corner, said one or more 15 mixing units are provided with mixing elements, and wherein one or more injection ports are connected to one or more of said corners or along the sides of said one or more connection plates for additives, for reactants, for test sampling, or for monitoring of the flow of fluids.
16. A heat exchanger mixing reactor including one or more heat exchanger 20 mixing system according to any one of the preceding claims, including at least one reactor zone.
17. The heat exchanger mixing reactor according to claim 16, wherein the heat exchanger mixing reactor includes up to 10 said heat exchanger mixing systems.
18. Use of a heat exchanger mixing system according to any of claims 1 to 15, 25 for chemical synthesis or reactions, unit operations such as dilutions of acids, food applications, agrochemicals and biochemicals. 13
19. Use of a heat exchanger mixing reactor according to claims 16 or 17, for chemical synthesis or reactions.
20. A continuous process utilizing a heat exchange mixing system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, for mixing fluids including steps of transferring at least 5 one first process fluid and at least one second process fluid or at least one reactant through at least one said corner into at least one internally connected mixing unit of a said connection plate.
21. A continuous process utilizing a heat exchange mixing system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, including the steps of transferring at least one first 10 process fluid and at least one second process fluid or at least one reactant through at least one said corner into at least one externally connected mixing unit, mixing the at least one first process fluid and the at least one second process fluid or the at least one reactant, transferring heat to or from the mixing unit, transferring the mixed process fluid out of the mixing unit through at least one 15 further said corner for further processing in a heat exchanger zone or a reactor zone of another said heat exchange mixing system according to any one of claims 1 to 15.
22. The process according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the process includes transferring internal heat exchanger fluids through at least two said 20 corners to external heat exchanger plates.
23. The process according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the process includes transferring internal heat exchanger fluids into the connection plate through at least one first corner and transferring the internal heat exchanger fluids out of the connection plate through at least one second corner for further heat 25 exchanging.
24. The process according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the process includes transferring external heat exchanger fluids into the connection plate through at least one said corner and transferring the external heat exchanger fluids out of the connection plate through at least one further said corner. 14
25. The process according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the process includes transferring external heat exchanger fluids into at least one external temper unit of the external mixing unit and transferring the external heat exchanger fluids out of at least one external temper unit of the external mixing 5 unit. ALFA LAVAL CORPORATE AB WATERMARK PATENT & TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS P30537AU01
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2012202510A AU2012202510B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2012-05-01 | A heat exchanger mixing system |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0502876-6 | 2005-12-22 | ||
| AU2006327298A AU2006327298A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-15 | A heat exchanger mixing system |
| AU2012202510A AU2012202510B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2012-05-01 | A heat exchanger mixing system |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006327298A Division AU2006327298A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-15 | A heat exchanger mixing system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2012202510A1 true AU2012202510A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
| AU2012202510B2 AU2012202510B2 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2012202510A Ceased AU2012202510B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2012-05-01 | A heat exchanger mixing system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2012202510B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2823995B1 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2008-06-06 | Alfa Laval Vicarb | IMPROVED DEVICE FOR EXCHANGING AND / OR REACTING BETWEEN FLUIDS |
| KR100687637B1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2007-02-27 | 한라공조주식회사 | Heat exchanger |
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2012
- 2012-05-01 AU AU2012202510A patent/AU2012202510B2/en not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2012202510B2 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
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| MK1 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(a) - no request for examination in relevant period | ||
| NB | Applications allowed - extensions of time section 223(2) |
Free format text: THE TIME IN WHICH TO REQUEST EXAMINATION HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO 08 JAN 2013 . |
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| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |