AU2011340315B2

AU2011340315B2 - Radial sail with reinforced luff tube

Info

Publication number: AU2011340315B2
Application number: AU2011340315A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Michael Lennon; Ian Camero Macdiarmid
Original assignee: Int Laser Class Association; International Laser Class Association
Current assignee: International Laser Class Association
Priority date: 2010-12-09
Filing date: 2011-12-09
Publication date: 2016-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-09
Also published as: WO2012076852A1; GB201309894D0; GB2499751A; GB2499751B; AU2011340315A1

Abstract

A generally triangular-shaped, radial-cut sail intended for use with a small sailing craft such as a Laser

Description

WO 2012/076852 PCT/GB2011/001706 1 RADIAL SAIL WITH REINFORCED LUFF TUBE RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation of U.S. Application No. 12/964,156, filed December 9,2010, which claims the benefit of U.S. Design Application No. 29/380,679, filed on December 9,2010.

The entire teachings of the above application(s) are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This patent application broadly relates to a sail intended to be used with a small sailing craft, and more specifically to a radial sail for use with an unstayed, non-braced mast.

Modem sailing craft are typically equipped with a triangular-shaped main sail connected along its luff to a mast. A clew of the sail is attached to the aft end of a boom, the boom being held at its forward end to the mast. Many small sailing-craft, such as dinghies, sailboards, and Laser™ class sailboats have neither jib sails nor mast stays. The free-standing masts of these so-called cat-type rigs can therefore be subject to extreme forces. Even when initially setting the sail, the requisite preloading causes the mast to deflect considerably. Under way while sailing, the influence of the wind causes increases mast deflection, and the sail shape further changes unfavorably.

In order to keep undesirable sail deformation within acceptable limits, it has been one practice to use thicker masts with large cross-sections. But placing a thick WO 2012/076852 PCT/GB2011/001706 2 mast along the leading edge of a sail affects aerodynamic efficiency quite unfavorably, not only by slowing down the air flow but also by creating turbulence, which in turn destroys suction on the leeward side of the sail. In order to avoid these disadvantages there has been a move towards using thinner masts, with the attendant disadvantage of more mast deflection and even possible mast failure.

By and large, sails are made by sewing together a number of cloth panels. Dacron, a trade name for polyester fibers manufactured by DuPont, is one popular sailcloth material. However, other woven or laminated fibers or materials can often be used.

When it comes to sails built from panels of cloth, there are two basic types of construction: cross-cut and radial-cut. Cross-cut sails are ordinarily made from multiple overlapping fabric panels with the seams between each panel oriented in a fore and aft direction, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the leech. In most cases, the cross-cut panels are rectangular or almost rectangular in shape.

The fabric panels that make up radial-cut sails, on the other hand, are usually oriented toward the comers of the sail. This means that the seams between panels are not parallel, but rather radiate out from the comers of the sail. This results in panels that are triangular or nearly triangular in shape.

From the perspective of a sailmaker it is measurably more efficient to build cross-cut sails than to build radial-cut sails. With broad, almost rectangular cross-cut panels, there is less material waste than with the triangular-shaped panels needed for radial construction. Thus, cross-cut sails tend to be less expensive.

In particular, radial-cut panels must typically be oriented such that the direction of highest stretching resistance extends in the same direction as the 3 2011340315 28 Nov 2016 principal load lines of the sail. This manufacturing method entails significant waste and thus makes manufacture more costly. However, their strength and load-carrying ability mean that radial sails are generally thought to have superior performance over cross-cut sails. A reference herein to a patent document or other matter which is given as prior art is not to be taken as an admission that that document or matter was known or that the information it contains was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of any of the claims.

Throughout the description and claims of the specification, the word "comprise" and variations of the word, such as "comprising" and "comprises", is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

What is needed is a way to provide a radial-cut sail that can provide increased strength and also reduce or even eliminate undesirable distention in sail shape that can result from loading imposed by an unstayed, sectional mast.

In one configuration, the present invention is a generally triangular-shaped, radial-cut sail intended to be used with a small sailing craft such as a Laser™ Class sailboat. A mast sleeve is arranged adjacent the luff area of the sail, extending from the head to the foot of the sail. The mast sleeve is sized to accommodate a flexible, freestanding mast formed of two sections. A luff patch is placed on the leading edge of the mast sleeve adjacent a point where the two mast sections meet.

In certain configurations, the sail may be formed from two sections, each of radial-cut design. One section joins the other lower section at a longitudinal joint. The 3a 2011340315 28 Nov 2016 longitudinal joint may have a forward end near the luff patch and/or other location where the mast sections meet.

The resulting sail with luff patch exhibits far less wrinkling than previous designs while also providing all of the advantages of radial-cut configuration.

According to the invention there is provided a sail having a generally triangular shape, with a head portion at a top. a foot portion at a bottom, a tack portion at a forward end of the foot, a clew portion at an aft end of the foot, and a luff portion extending from the head to the forward end of the foot, the sail further comprising: a plurality of bi-radially cut panels, the panels generally arranged as an upper radial section and a lower radial section, the upper radial section comprising some of the plurality of panels, and the lower radial section comprising other ones of the plurality of panels, with the panels forming the upper radial section and the lower radial section overlapping along a longitudinal seam, the panels in the upper radial section generally running from the longitudinal seam to the head, and the panels in the lower radial section generally running from the clew to the longitudinal seam and to a lower portion of the tuff; a luff tube attached along the luff, the luff tube shaped to accommodate a mast formed of two mast sections that fit together at a mast joint; the longitudinal seam extending to a location on the luff tube above the mast joint area of the luff tube; and a luff tube patch disposed on the luff tube adjacent the luff, the longitudinal seam and the mast joint area.

Preferably, the top radial section comprises four radial cut panels.

Conveniently, the bottom radial section comprises at least eight radial cut

Preferably, at least one of the head, clew or tack are reinforced by additional pieces of sail cloth overlapping at least two of the adjacent radial panels. 2011340315 28 Nov 2016 3b

Conveniently, the tack includes an additional panel attached to both the tack and the luff tube at a lower portion of the luff tube.

Preferably, the panels in the lower radial section increase in thickness with distance from the clew towards the luff.

Conveniently, the luff tube has a cut-out in a center portion thereof, and the luff tube patch is positioned adjacent the cut-out

Preferably, the luff tube patch is further aligned with the longitudinal seam such that the luff tube patch is located on the luff tube below where the longitudinal seam extends to the luff tube.

Preferably, the sail is a radial-cut sail intended to be used with a small sailing craft such as a Laser™ Class sailboat.

Conveniently, the tuff tube is arranged adjacent the luff area of the sail, extending from the head to the foot of the sail.

Preferably, a luff patch is placed on the leading edge of the mast sleeve adjacent a point where the two mast sections meet.

Conveniently, the longitudinal joint may have a forward end near the luff patch and/or other location where the mast sections meet.

The resulting sail with luff patch exhibits far less wrinkling than previous designs while also providing al l of the advantages of radial-cut configuration. WO 2012/076852 PCT/GB2011/001706 4

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing will be apparent from the following more particular description of example embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating embodiments of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a Laser™ Class sailboat with a rig that includes a radial-cut sail according to one embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a more detailed plan view of the sail of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 illustrates a layout of various fabric panels that are sewn together to construct the sail,

Fig. 4 is a detailed cut-away view of the rig adjacent where two mast sections join.

Fig. 5 is a more detailed view of a batten pocket. WO 2012/076852 PCT/GB2011/001706 5

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A description of example embodiments of the invention follows.

Turning attention more specifically to the drawings, it is to be understood that to simplify the showing thereof only enough of the structure of the radial sail and an associated sailing rig has been illustrated therein as is needed to enable one skilled in the art to readily understand the underlying principles and concepts of this invention as recited in the appended claims. FIG. 1 shows a sailing rig 10 that has a sail 50 configured according to principles of one implementation of the invention as claimed herein. The sail 50 is generally formed of a number of fabric panels 52 arranged in a bi-radial configuration that will be described in much greater detail below. The sail 50 is intended to be used with small sailing craft 20, particularly a Laser™ Class sailboat. A Laser sailboat generally consists of a hull 20, a freestanding mast 30 and single boom 40. The mast 30 of a Laser sailboat includes two mast sections that join at a mast collar (see Fig. 4) The exact layout of the panels 52 that make up the sail 50 can be made specific to Laser™ Class characteristics, although the general design principles explained herein may well be applicable to other types or classes of sailing craft.

To be used with Laser™ Class sailboats, the sail 50 includes a generally hollow, cylindrical mast sleeve or “luff tube” part 54 that fits over the mast 30. The sail 50 is also attached to the boom 40 at a clew 66. Three batten pockets 70 provide support for tapered battens. WO 2012/076852 PCT/GB2011/001706 6 FIG. 2 is a more detailed view of the sail 50. As with all triangular sails, the uppermost point is known as the head 65, and the lower two comers of the sail 50 on either end of the foot 62 include a tack 67(the forward end) and the clew a (the rear or aft end). The foot 62 of the sail 50 is bound at its lower edge by the tack 66 and clew 67. The forward or leading edge of the sail 50 is the luff 60. The aft or rear end of the sail is the leech 64. A number of tell-tales 73 may be placed on various panels 52 of the sail. A window 68 is placed in one of the panels 54, in this design it is placed in the panel adjacent the lowest panel, providing increased visibility for the skipper.

In the case of a Laser Class sail, the tack 67 is integrally attached to the luff tube 54. A Cunningham eyelet 72 may be placed on or in the tack 67, to enable further adjustment of the tension on sail 50.

The bi-radial construction of the sail arranges groups of panels 52 into two sections, an upper section 57 and a lower section 59. The panels 52 generally have overlap with one or more adjacent panels and are sewn together to form seams such as an example seam 53 at such joints. One particular longitudinal seam 75 runs more or less horizontally between the luff 60 and leach 64 in an area generally near the middle of mast 30.

Of note to this sail design is the use of a luff patch 55, also located in the same general area as longitudinal seam 75 and/or where the two sections of mast 30 join together. A more particular layout of each of the panels 52 after they are cut but before being sewn together to form sail 50 is shown in Fig. 3. The exact panel 52 layout and shapes shown are specific to the characteristics of the Laser mast 30, being WO 2012/076852 PCT/GB2011/001706 7 determined primarily by the expected load distribution of the specified 4.5 or Dacron ™ sail cloth, with some consideration given to mast size and production costs. All panels, patches, and pieces shown in FIG. 3 are generally formed of 4.5 ounce (oz) Dacron™.

Several features are believed to be unique and specific for use with the Laser sailboat hull 20. One such important characteristic is the luff tube mast joint patch 55 having a purpose to remove a diagonal “wrinkle” that Laser sails tend to have. This diagonal wrinkle tends to run in a direction from a mast joint collar to the clew 66.

More specifically shown in FIG. 3 is the division of the bi-radial sail 50 into the upper panels 52-1 that comprise upper section 57 and lower panels 52-2 that comprise lower section 59.

Upper section 57 generally include four such panels 52-1-1,52-1-2,... 52-1-4 of radial design extending from longitudinal joint 75 up to head 65. Lower section 59 includes panels 52-2-1, 52-2-2,...52-2-10. These panels generally extend from the clew 66 up towards the longitudinal joint 75 and over to the lower part of luff 60.

Other features include reinforcement patches (90, 91) (92, 93) (94, 95) at the comers, at head 65, tack 67 and clew 66 respectively. These are provided to increase the overall lifetime of the sail 50. More specifically, reinforcements 90, 91 are provided for head section 65. A first type of reinforcement 90 includes four patches 90-1,90-2, 90-3, 90-4, each such reinforcing patch overlapping at least two of the main radial panels 52-1. Additional triangular pieces 91-1 and 91-2 are used on either side of the head 65 to reinforce the very topmost portion of sail 50. Reinforcement pieces 91-1 and 91-2 may include two generally overlapping pieces. WO 2012/076852 PCT/GB2011/001706 8

Layout of the assembled reinforcement patches 90 and pieces 91 that make up head 65 is best seen by referring back to FIG. 2.

Similarly, reinforcement patches 92-1, 92-2 ... 92-4 are provided to the clew 66. Each main clew reinforcement patch 92 overlaps at least two of the adjacent radial panels 52-2. Smaller reinforcement pieces 93-1, 93-2 are also provided to the clew 66.

Reinforcement is also provided for tack 67 in the same way, including main reinforcement patches 95 and associated smaller pieces 94-1, 94-2, 94-3, 94-4.

An dditional reinforcement patch 86 on the forward edge of tack 67 further strengthens tack 67 where it meets luff tube 54. FIG. 4 shows more detail of the luff tube joint patch 55. As explained above, luff tube 54 generally has a cylindrical shape sized to snugly fit over the mast 30. Here are seen the upper mast section 30-1 and lower mast section 30-2 joined together at fastening collar 30-3, to form the assembled mast 30.

At about the middle portion of the luff tube 54 (adjacent sections 52-2-4 and 52-2-5) is a cut-out portion 85 over which the luff tube joint patch 55 is placed. Luff tube joint patch 55 is located in the general area 80 near where mast sections 30-1, 30-2 meet. In the same general area 80 are found panels 52-1-4 from the upper section 57 and panel 52-2-4,52-2-5 and 52-2-6 from the lower section 57. Note that longitudinal seam 75 attaches to luff tube 54 in the area adjacent the top portion of patch 55, above a point where mast sections 30-1 and 30-2 join. FIG. 5 is a more detailed view of one of the batten pockets 70. The batten pockets 70 may take one of three positions along the leach 64 as shown in FIG. 1. A batten pocket 70 generally consists of a main batten panel 96, a batten pocket WO 2012/076852 PCT/GB2011/001706 9 reinforcement 97 and batten pocket end 98 piece. A VELCRO® flap 101 maybe placed around the end of the pocket to keep the batten 70 in place in the batten pocket.

The teachings of all patents, published applications and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.

Claims

The claims defining the invention are as follows:

1. A sail having a generally triangular shape, with a head portion at a top, a foot portion at a bottom, a tack portion at a forward end of the foot, a clew portion at an aft end of the foot, and a luff portion extending from the head to the forward end of the foot, the sail further comprising: a plurality of bi-radially cut panels, the panels generally arranged as an upper radial section and a lower radial section, the upper radial section comprising some of the plurality of panels, and the lower radial section comprising other ones of the plurality of panels, with the panels forming the upper radial section and the lower radial section overlapping along a longitudinal seam; the panels in the upper radial section generally running from the longitudinal seam to the head, and the panels in the lower radial section generally running from the clew to the longitudinal seam and to a lower portion of the luff; a luff tube attached along the luff, the luff tube shaped to accommodate a mast formed of two mast sections that fit together at a mast joint; the longitudinal seam extending to a location on the luff tube above the mast joint; and a luff tube patch disposed on the luff tube adjacent the luff, the longitudinal seam and the mast joint.
2. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the upper radial section comprises four radial cut panels.
3. The apparatus of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower radial section comprises at least eight radial cut panels.
4. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the head, clew or tack are reinforced by additional pieces of sail cloth overlapping at least two of the adjacent radial panels.
5. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the tack includes an additional panel attached to both the tack and the luff tube at a lower portion of the luff tube.
6. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the panels in the lower radial section increase in thickness with distance from the clew towards the luff.
7. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the luff tube has a cut-out in a center portion thereof, and the luff tube patch is positioned adjacent the cut-out.
8. The apparatus of Claim 7, wherein the luff tube patch is further aligned with the longitudinal seam such that the luff tube patch is located on the luff tube below where the longitudinal seam extends to the luff tube.