Form P/00/01 1 Australian Patents Act 1990 - Regulation 3.2 Original Complete Specification Standard Patent Invention title: Improvements in and Relating to Soil Treatments The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me: IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO SOIL TREATMENTS Technical Field 5 This invention relates to improvements in and relating to soil treatments. In particular, this invention is directed to provide a fertiliser composition of finely ground particulate elemental sulphur, with or without other soil treatment components included. The fertiliser product is able to be provided in both particulate form and in a granule, pellet, prill or like form. 10 Further, the particulate elemental sulphur is able to be finely ground to predetermined median particle sizes in recognition of the requirement for different soils in different regions to require sulphur particles of particular sizes in order to maximize the availability of the sulphur at the time of application and to minimize the loss of the sulphur through run off, leaching and so forth. Accordingly, a fertiliser, of varying composition is able to be tailor-made to suit 15 various applications, soil, moisture content and/or and temperature conditions. The fertiliser is also able to be adapted, following application, to disperse in the soil over a preferred time frame, yet have characteristics which operate to ensure that the fertiliser is available for optimal benefit in or on the soil. 20 In particular, the fertiliser composition enables particulate elemental sulphur with particle sizes of less than 20 microns to be applied which is substantially dust free, safe to use and substantially reduces the loss of the fertiliser to wind drift. 25 It is envisaged the invention will be applicable to any situation, for example agricultural, horticultural, forestry, commercial, industrial or domestic situation where soil treatments are required and where it is desirable for such soil treatments to be tailored to meet a specific need and based on soil type. 30 However, the invention may have applications outside this field.
Background Art Fine sulphur is required for bulk agricultural use (primarily in fertilisers). Sulphur is typically applied to soils in the following two forms: 5 1. Sulphate (super phosphate or sulphate of ammonia). 2. Fine elemental sulphur. Conventional use of sulphur in fertilisers presents significant problems. These include: Sulphur applied in sulphate form can be rapidly and easily leached from most soils, including 10 from most NZ soil types. While sulphate does give an immediate benefit, use of elemental sulphur provides superior medium and long-term (residual) benefit. However. even the finest elemental sulphur particles (<20 micron) can act as sulphate sulphur and this can dissolve too rapidly and leach out of soils. 15 Elemental sulphur particle size range is critical to give optimum benefit in the soil. Excessively small particles will be oxidized rapidly in the soil and will provide little plant benefit. This effect is similar to the leaching of sulphate from the soil. 20 On the other hand, elemental sulphur particle sizes which are too large will similarly provide little plant benefit at the time it is applied. The sulphur is not efficiently made available in the soil and much may be lost from run-off. The preparation and application of fine elemental sulphur also results in creating a high dust 25 environment. In its application much of the fine elemental sulphur can then be lost through drift and so does not reach the soil to which it is being applied and which is in need of the sulphur. It is possible to agglomerate the fine elemental sulphur to address the sulphur dust problem. However, with agglomerated fine elemental sulphur, dispersion in soil then becomes an issue. 30 2 The nature of fine elemental sulphur is also such that the use of fine elemental sulphur typically introduces a significant fire and explosion hazard. As a result, the aerial application of products containing greater than 30% sulphur is 5 dangerous. In New Zealand and many other countries this is prohibited. What is desired therefore, is a dust-free, non-flammable, non-explosive, fine, elemental sulphur. 10 While the present invention has a number of potentially realisable applications, it is in relation to problems associated with existing soil treatment and fertilising systems that the present invention was developed. More specifically, it was with regard to the issues of providing a treatment system tailor-made to disperse in the soil, maximising availability of nutrients to plants and in turn minimise waste of product when applied. 15 It would be useful therefore, to have a soil treatment system that: I. Could be tailor-made to specifically suit the specific application, soil conditions and climatic conditions, including moisture content; and 2. Considered and improved on wastage issues of existing systems through run-off, 20 leaching, air dispersal and so forth; and 3. Was effective at mobilising nutrients and/or soil enhancing components so that good plant growth could be achieved with lower nutrient densities; and 4. Provided a more cost effective alternative to present systems employed; including costs of handling, transportation and application costs, and 25 5. Provided a consistent product, so that accurate application of nutrients to match soil type and plant production was possible; and 6. Would be easy to use as a dust-free product; and 3 7. Minimized handling risks typically associated with the production, storage and handling of fine elemental sulphur (such as explosiveness, flammability and so forth). The safety of handling the product in fertiliser stores is greatly improved; and 5 8. Allows for rapid dispersion in the soil (breakdown of agglomerations), so the sulphur is rapidly available to plants; and 9. Is easily granulated; and 10. Is a cost-effective alternative; and 11. Results in sulphur particles that will not easily separate out in a fertiliser mix; and 10 12. Enables surface coating of the fine sulphur particles; and 13. Enables the super fine sulphur faction that would normally behave in a similar way to sulphate sulphur to remain bound and disperse at a slower rate more controlled rate; and 14. Enables the fine elemental sulphur to be safely applied by aircraft. 15 It would therefore be advantageous to have an invention that offered at least some, if not all, of the potential advantages of the above proposed treatment system. It is therefore an object of the present invention to consider the above problems and provide at least one solution which addresses a plurality of these problems. 20 It is another object of the present invention to at least provide the public with a useful choice or alternative system. Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the 25 ensuing description which is given by way of example only. It should be appreciated that variations to the described embodiments are possible and would fall within the scope of the present invention. 4 Disclosure of Invention This invention is directed to provide a soil treatment system. The soil treatment system is preferably directed to improving soil condition and/or soil-nutrient availability for plants. 5 The term treatment as used in this specification typically will involve application of a treatment to a soil to assist with plant growth and production. Typically, a knowledge of the condition of the soil via prior analysis is preferred; such that administration to the soil of an application, or a regimen of applications, of particular preferred matter (whether including inorganic and/or organic components and whether a single or a combination of applications) 10 which aids in improving at least the soil condition (including structure) and/or soil nutrient content could be achieved with greater application and cost efficiency and effectiveness. Sulphur is an important plant nutrient. When it is applied in sulphate form as a soil treatment and to assist with plant growth and production, it is easily leached from most NZ soil types. 15 While sulphate sulphur does give an immediate benefit, elemental sulphur provides superior medium and long-term (residual) benefit. However, the elemental sulphur particle size range is critical to give optimum benefit in the soil. Excessively small particles will be oxidized rapidly in the soil and will provide little 20 plant benefit. This effect is similar to the leaching of sulphate sulphur from the soil. In addition, during application, wind drift may result in much of the fine sulphur not being applied to the area being treated. Excessively larger particles on the other hand, will not provide the optimum reactive surface area to enable the sulphur to be available to the plants in sufficient quantity to meet the nutrient needs at the time it is needed. Larger particles may 25 also not disperse to the same extent as smaller particles and so an even distribution of the sulphur may not be achieved. The present invention is directed to a means to produce a sulphur composition as a soil fetriliser treatment which provides superior immediate, medium and long-term (residual) 30 benefit; an elemental sulphur composition in which fine sulphur particles (<20 micron) are agglomerated and available for instant use by plants but at a slower more controlled rate, 5 while at the same time sulphur particles which give maximum benefit (20 - 150 micron) are also available for rapid dispersion. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fertiliser composition, 5 said fertiliser composition including at least one soil treatment component, said soil treatment component including finely ground particulate elemental sulphur, said particulate elemental sulphur being ground to include particles of less than 20 micron and particles of between 20 to 150 microns in size. 10 As some of the sulphur particles are ground so finely as to be less than 20 micron in size, it is necessary to combine these together so as to avoid problems of the finely ground sulphur acting as sulphate sulphur when in and on the soil, or to avoid the sulphur being blown away or leached away when the fine sulphur particles are applied to the soil. 15 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fertiliser composition substantially as described above wherein there is provided means to agglomerate the finest sulphur particles (<20 micron) while at the same time allowing for rapid dispersion of the sulphur particles which give maximum benefit (20 - 150 micron). 20 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fertiliser composition substantially as described above wherein an oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur component provides a means to agglomerate the finest sulphur particles (<20 micron) while at the same time allowing for rapid dispersion of the sulphur particles which give maximum benefit (20 - 150 micron). 25 Vegetable and animal fats and oils are triglycerides, made up of three fatty acid chains linked to a molecule of glycerol. The fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated fatty acids have carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In saturated fatty acids all the carbon atoms are linked to two hydrogen atoms and there are no double bonds. 30 Preferably either animal and/or vegetable oils may be used with the invention. Most animal fats and vegetable oils can be used. The role of the oil component is to suppress the fine 6 sulphur dust, by agglomerating the fine particles of sulphur. Various combinations of the vegetable and/or animal oils may be used. Preferably a vegetable oil component is used. Vegetable oils are completely biodegradable in 5 the environment. The following list includes examples of the types of vegetable oils that are available to be used with the present invention: e Coconut oil 10 e Corn oil * Cottonseed oil * Palm oil e Peanut oil e Rapeseed oil (Canola) 15 * Safflower oil e Soybean oil * Sunflower oil Vegetable oils other than the ones included in the list may also be used. In addition, fish oils or other suitable oils may also be used in conjunction with the vegetable oil, or alone. 20 Apart from suppression of fine sulphur dust via use of the oil coating of the sulphur, the oil provides other potentially realisable advantages in an oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur soil treatment composition. For example, the use of oil also reduces the explosiveness of the fine elemental sulphur and makes the finely ground elemental sulphur 25 non-flammable. This is particularly advantageous given the explosive and flammable nature of fine elemental sulphur, which can make its preparation and use in fertilisers extremely hazardous. Water is an integral part of the process of enabling applied finely ground elemental sulphur to 30 be taken up by plants. However, as may be appreciated, the present invention comprises an oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur composition. 7 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fertiliser composition substantially as described above wherein the composition also includes at least one of a surfactant and/or an emulsifying agent. 5 A surfactant (a surface active agent) possesses approximately an equal ratio between the polar and non-polar portions of each molecule. When placed in an oil-water system, the polar groups are attracted to or orient toward the water, and the non-polar groups are oriented toward the oil. The surfactant molecule lowers the interfacial tension between the oil and water phases. The ratio of the oil loving portion to the water loving portion is the surfactant's 10 HLB (Hydrophile / Lipophile / Balance). The HLB is a number system that indicates how oils and surfactants will likely interact - the higher the number the more hydrophilic, the lower the number the more lipophilic. The surfactant therefore enables introduced water to bind to the finely ground sulphur thus 15 keeping water in the agglomerations created by the application of the oil (further improving dust suppression). The surfactant also preferably acts as a wetting agent. 20 The surfactant also preferably acts as a dispersing agent when the finely ground elemental sulphur is applied to the soil. The surfactant to oil ratio may be altered to vary dispersion rates, as required. There are various chemical types of surfactants. These are: anioinic (negative chatge), 25 catioinic (positive charge), amphoteric (charge depends on pH) and non-ionic (no charge). It is necessary to select the most appropriate surfactant for the relevant use and application for the present invention. Having selected the preferred chemical family, a surfactant or surfactant combination with the correct solubility for the particular application is selected, as the solubility will affect the 30 performance of the surfactant. Accordingly, medium solubility surfactants are preferred for spreading and dispersion, low solubility surfactants are preferred for invert emulsions and 8 coupling immiscible oils, and a blend of solubilities is preferred for oil/water emulsions. Almost all "soaps" have medium to high solubility in water and low solubility in oils/fats; almost all anionics (such as sodium lauryl sulphate) are highly water soluble and low solubility in oil/fats; almost all cationics and amphotrics are highly water soluble; and the 5 water solubility of nonionics can be predicted by their HLB In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, an anionic surfactant is used. 10 Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS or NaDS) (CI 2
HH
2 5
SSO
4 Na) is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. The molecule has a tail of 12 carbon atoms, attached to a sulfate group, giving the molecule the amphiphilic properties required of a detergent. The use of an anionic surfactant enables the formation of a water-oil emulsion. 15 One preferred anionic surfactant / emulsifier used with the oil-coated elemental sulphur of the present invention is: sodium lauryl sulphate (also known as sodium lauryl ether sulphate). SLS and SDS are both common commercial surfactants. Each of these was trialed and found that each makes a suitable emulsion with vegetable oils. Further surfactants may be used as 20 determined by appropriate trials and testing. Therefore, as can be appreciated other surfactants may be used or adapted for use with the invention. Preferably, the "surfactant" initially acts as a surfactant and enables the oil to coat the finely ground elemental sulphur particles. Explosion tests and slump tests confirm this and 25 evidences the coating of the finely ground elemental sulphur particles which become less explosive, less flammable as evidenced by such tests. When the product is applied to the soil, the "surfactant" also preferably acts as a dispersant. When the sulphur comes into contact with soil solutions the finely ground elemental sulphur 30 particles which were in an agglomeration form, readily disperse. No additional dispersing agent is required if the surfactant aspect of the present invention is utilized. 9 Surfactants with a low HLB (Hydrophile / Lipophile / Balance) are more lipid loving and thus tend to make a water in oil emulsion. An emulsion is a mixture of two or more immiscible (unblendable) liquids. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Although the terms colloid and emulsion are sometimes used 5 interchangeably, emulsion tends to imply that both the dispersed and the continuous phase are liquid. In an emulsion, one liquid (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention a water, vegetable oil / 10 surfactant emulsion is formed. Preferably, the water, vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion is formed via high speed blending (high shear action). The water, vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion is applied to the finely ground particulate elemental sulphur. Preferably, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the 15 water, vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion is sprayed onto the finely ground particulate elemental sulphur. However, other application methods may be employed. For example, in one such alternative, the oil /water/surfactant/ mix of components could be mixed in a blender such as a ribbon mixer or paddle mixer. The emulsion and the finely ground particulate elemental sulphur are then mixed to ensure all 20 fine sulphur particle surfaces are coated. For example, one preferred method is as follows: 1. A very fine spray of the premixed water /oil and surfactant is applied. 2. The product is then mixed by an intensive paddle mixer. The anionic surfactant acts as both an emulsifying agent during the manufacturing process and as a dispersant upon application. A typical formula in one embodiment would preferably 25 be (w/w): 1.5% oil, l% surfactant(s), 6% water. The use of a surfactant/emulsifying agent or agents therefore provide some potentially realisable advantages to the present invention not typically found in prior art fertiliser compositions. These include: 10 e A fertilizer composition which is substantially dust-free. * Minimised handling risks associated with fine sulphur. The oil and surfactants / emulsifying agent or agents assist in reducing the explosive properties of fine elemental sulphur. The sulphur is modified from a highly explosive product to a 5 weakly explosive product. * The treated oil-coated sulphur is non-flammable, being a first in using oil to make sulphur non-flammable in fertilisers. * The oil coated sulphur (almost 100% fine elemental sulphur) can be safely applied by aircraft. 10 e It is possible to remove or agglomerate and slow down the release of the super fine elemental sulphur particles in the less than 20 micron range. This has benefits in reducing leaching losses common with sulphate fertilisers. e Agglomerations are still able to rapidly disperse in the soil. When the treated fine elemental sulphur is applied to the soils, the surfactants/emulsifying agent(s) assist in 15 the dispersion of the agglomerated sulphur. e The super fine sulphur fraction that would normally behave in a similar way to sulphate sulphur, remains bound by oil and disperses at a slower rate and at a more controlled rate. The rate of sulphur dissolution in the soil is dependent primarily on soil temperature and available water. The available water disperses the oil / surfactant 20 and allows the surfaces of the sulphur particle to come into contact with soil solutions. e The surfactant however, enables the fine sulphur particles to disperse and become rapidly available to plants. * Larger agglomerations are less affected by wind. * Larger agglomerated particles will not easily separate in a fertiliser mix. 25 e Larger agglomerated particles are easier to accurately apply to soils. " Oil coated sulphur is easily granulated. The oil lubricates the compression chamber of the pellet mill and allows the pellet / granule to pass easily with little wear. e A surfactant/emulsifying agent(s) mixed with oil assists in surface coating of fine sulphur and other particles. It reduces surface tension and enables better coverage of 30 the fine sulphur particles e By means of selective particle sizing, surface coating with oil and then granulation, it I1 is possible to customise a product for very specific conditions. Primarily by the average soil temperatures for the region the sulphur is being applied in. For example: For a sulphur particle to become available to soil solutions within 12 months. North Island less than 250 microns, South island less than 75 microns sized particles are 5 required. * The oil-surfactant coating enables moisture to be held in the agglomerations. * The water content is able to evaporate but the product still retains all the characteristics claimed. * The vegetable oil may be applied to the sulphur at low cost. 10 e The vegetable oil is completely and rapidly consumed in the soils by soil organisms. Tests carried out severally indicate that vegetable oils undergo about 70-100% biodegradation in a period of 28 days. * Oils other than vegetable oil are able to be used. 15 As may be appreciated there are a number of potential benefits and potentially realisable advantages of the present invention over the prior art, as a surfactant has been used in fertiliser compositions of sulphur with the purpose of acting in the mixing phase as a surfactant and in the soil application stage acting as a dispersant. 20 It is to be noted that the composition of the present invention may retain zero moisture in its granular state, yet still retain its beneficial characteristics. In addition, the ability to use elemental sulphur (in comparison to sulphate sulphur in superphosphates) will also mean that less cadmium is introduced to the soil. 25 Further, the oil-coated finely ground elemental sulphur particles of the present invention provide a means to agglomerate the finest sulphur particles (<20 micron) while at the same time allowing for rapid dispersion of the sulphur particles which give maximum benefit (of a particle size of 20 - 150 micron). The finest sulphur particle likely within the <20 micron fraction would be less than 1 micron. 30 12 In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a soil treatment composition substantially as described above wherein the composition also includes a binding agent. 5 Accordingly, including a binding agent enables the present invention to be manufactured for use in a granule, prill, pellet or other like form, for ease of application of the soil treatment composition on to or into the soil. Bentonite is a suitable binding agent for use with the invention. In addition, the inclusion of 10 lime produces a binding effect. Other binding agents may however be used with, or adapted for use with the invention, as may be appreciated. For the purpose of the present invention the term granule shall be used and shall mean any small blocks of molded and/or compressed material and shall include varyingly shaped and 15 sized pellets, fragments, briquettes and so forth. The use of the term granule should therefore not be seen as limiting this invention. The cheapest method is to use oil/surfactant-dispersant/water coated sulphur invention, and this may be applied in some instances. However, whilst granules are more expense to produce, they are safer to handle (reducing fine sulphur dust). 20 Any suitable pressing method may be developed or adapted for use in achieving the present invention. Whilst reference is made throughout this description to the use of finely ground particulate 25 elemental sulphur, it should be appreciated that the composition may also include other finely ground particulate components which may be required to facilitate or improve the dispersion and/or availability of the elemental sulphur, or which may provide an additional plant nutrient to the soil treatment composition, in particular applications; such as RPR (reactive rock phosphate), Lime, Ungranulated muriate of potash. 30 13 Preferably therefore, the composition and any granules made therefrom may be specifically tailor-made in respect of the particle distribution of its components to suit various applications, soil and climatic conditions (including soil moisture/water content and temperature) as required. The granule may have varying composition depending on the 5 components of the granule and the application it is designed for. Preferably, the particle sizes of the components of the granule are optimised by fine-grinding and classification to suit differing soil conditions and/or the purpose for which the composition/component is being used. Classification can be done by adjusting the speed of 10 the impact mill, air classification or screening. Preferably, the granule components are tailor made to suit specific soil types in particular countries and/or for particular soil types in particular regions within said countries. 15 Preferably, the granule, following application, is required to make the components of the granule available within or on the soil. To achieve this, the granule preferably disperses at a preferred rate. In one embodiment of the present invention, the individual particles of elemental sulphur 20 and/or other components included in the granule may vary in the rate at which each will be directly available for the specific need. For example, sulphur particles within one size range, such as the size range less than 20 micron, may be available at a rate which is different from sulphur particles between 20 and 150microns. Alternatively, one other component may be immediately available for use - whether as a nutrient or soil conditioner; whilst the sulphur 25 particles, or another component may be released in the soil over time, or at different rates, or with the onset of particular climatic or soil temperature conditions as required. In some embodiments of the invention, the granule may be prepared to enable either or both immediate dispersion of the granule and immediate release of the granule components into or 30 onto the soil. In other embodiments, the granule may be prepared to enable delayed dispersion of the granule and controlled release of the granule components over time, or following a set period after application of the granules, or in preferred conditions. In yet 14 further embodiments, the granule may be prepared to enable immediate dispersion of the granule and then controlled release of the granule components over time, or following a set period after application of the granules, or in preferred conditions. For example, in some embodiments of the present invention, the granules may be coated to delay dispersion of the 5 granule components per se or delay release of a specific component. In other embodiments, the granule may be formulated to disperse in water within a few minutes yet delay release of a component. For example, coating the granules with a nitrogen or urease inhibitor may be used to control the release of urea if included in the composition, 10 thereby reducing leaching of nitrate and volatilisation of nitrous oxide and ammonia. In this case, the granule is simply dispersing, but it should be appreciated the availability of the particular nutrient component is then determined by the specific solubility of that individual nutrient component. 15 As may be appreciated, the present invention has the ability to demonstrate improved versatility as a soil treatment option, as it may be applied on to or into the soil as an agglomerate mixture, or in granulated/pellitised form. The mixture may also be prepared in granulated and/or pelletized form, using a suitable binding agent. 20 In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, bentonite may be used as an alternative dispersant, but also as a suitable binding agent. Sodium or calcium bentonite is used as a disintegrant to break the granules into smaller pieces when applied to soil. This enables the soil organisms and solution to more easily release the 25 finer oil coated particles. Whilst the use of bentonite as a fertilizer granule dispersant has been known in the prior art, the use of bentonite in conjunction with a finely ground oil coated sulphur particles as described in the present invention, is not. In addition, potash may also be used in conjunction with other components of the present 30 invention, in order to provide potassium (K), with the fertilizer product. 15 Preferably, the particles within the granule range from coarse (>200 micron) to superfine (down to 1 micron). The finest particles give the granules a quick-release property similar to sulphate fertilizers. The mid-range particles give an intermediate response and the larger particles provide a controlled release response. In conjunction with this feature, the particle 5 size range may be tailored to match regional weather conditions and soil needs, as established from undertaking soil testing prior to the ordering and application of the fertiliser product to meet the requirements in a specific area. Dispersion rates can be varied preferably by the ratio of surfactant to oil ratio. For example: 10 an emulsion is typically: 1.5% oil, 1% surfacants, 6% water. The dispersion rate of the granules is also controlled by the breaking strength, or compressive strength of the granules (as discussed below). The preferred compressive strength is: 2 - 6kg. The compressive strength is varied by adjusting the pressure used. The compressive strength of the granule effects: 15 1. Long term dispersion. 2. Handling characteristics (specifically reducing the tendency to disintegrate and produce fine dust). According to a further aspect of the present invention, the granules are preferably 2-4mm in 20 size. This size range provides benefits such as preventing segregation when mixed with other fertilizers; and reduces the potential for granule disintegration and release of dust. This is an optimum size for using with spreading machines. However, this preferred size range is not to be seen as limiting this invention and other sized granules/pellets/prills may be manufactured. 25 Preferably, the granules are uniform in size. The uniform sized granules contribute to more accurate spreading. However, the granules may be varyingly shaped. Preferably, the pelletised product or granule produced does not break-up during storage, transportation and application. To achieve this, the method of manufacture is directed to 16 producing a granule having a preferred compressive strength (or crush-strength). Preferably, the compressive strength of the granules ranges from 0.2 to 20kg and is easily controlled during the granulation process. 5 Tests conducted on the sulphur prilling have provided favourable results, provided later in this description. Preferably, the granules may be colour-coded to ensure the correct formulation is applied to a particular treatment site, for a particular end result. 10 Accordingly, the present invention includes at least the options of: * an oil + surfactant coated product as an agglomerate; and * an oil + surfactant coated product in granule form; and * an oil + surfactant coated product in agglomerate of granule form using bentonite or 15 any other suitable binder / dispersant. However, it should also be appreciated that other variations to the soil treatment composition are available within the ambit of the present invention. For example, other soil treatment components may also be included in the composition. Such soil treatment components may 20 include lime, urea, reactive phosphate rock and other typical fertiliser components, as may be required for particular applications to meet particular treatment needs. Sulphur based fertilisers are an example of an acidic material. In some embodiments of the present invention the pH of the soil treatment composition may be adjusted to improve the availability the elemental sulphur, and/or of one or more other included soil treatment 25 components, into the soil. Lime is usually applied to a soil which is acidic. Lime, consists of calcium carbonate of various grades of purity and exists as a solid mass that needs to be ground before being applied on soils to correct acidity. Lime is typically washed into the soil via rain or via irrigation. Lime may therefore be added to the composition, or coated onto the granule to 30 control pH issues. Sodium bentonite also has an alkaline effect when applied to soil. 17 Where an inhibitor is used with the soil treatment composition - for example, and where the inhibitor used is an alkaline product and on contact with acidic compounds, neutralisation may take place thereby reducing the effectiveness of the inhibitor - the inclusion of lime may improve the effectiveness of the soil treatment composition as a whole or of any of its 5 components. Other ways of controlling the pH of the soil treatment composition in agglomerated or granule form may also be employed as required. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a particulate fertiliser comprised of particulate organic and/or inorganic components. 10 As indicated previously, the present invention includes the option of a soil treatment composition comprised of any combination of soil treatment components where the use of an oil coating facilitates the application and/or dispersion and/or availability of finely ground soil treatment components on to or in the soil. 15 In addition, a delay in release of the components from a granule form may be accomplished by encapsulating the granules (as well as the particles of the components) within a dissolvable or degradable protective layer. 20 The soil treatment composition in the form of a granule may also be adapted such that a quantity of the components of the granule is released substantially continuously, once release is initiated, for the intended life of the granule. Alternatively, an initial boosted release rate of components from the granule may occur 25 following introduction of the granule on to or into the soil. In addition, a second boosted release rate of components from the granule may occur following introduction of the granule on to or into the soil. 30 The interval between the initial and second boosted release rates may correspond to a predetermined ideal period between release and action of the first component and release and action of the second component. 18 The boosted release rate of the components of the granule may be accomplished by providing a second component having different release rate characteristics than the first component, or by providing one component having an exposed surface area greater than other component(s) in the granule. This latter scenario is possible with the finely ground particulate elemental 5 sulphur of the present invention where the sulphur component of the granule may be comprised of particles of less than 20 micron, as well as particles in a range of 20-150 microns, for example. A boosted release rate of the components may also be accomplished by providing at least one 10 component having a delayed release achieved via application of an inhibitor substance to the particles of said component such that the effect of the inhibitor decreases over time to effect a boosted release of the component. In addition a soil composition may be provided where one component operates as a carrier 15 matrix system through which at least a second component is dispersed. In such an example, the carrier matrix component dissolves when exposed to the environment into which it is introduced, to expose at least one other component in a time release manner. According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a soil treatment 20 composition in the form of a granule substantially as described above wherein the granule, in its entirety, is substantially biodegradable within the soil treatment environment to which it is introduced. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, a soil treatment composition is provided in 25 granular form, where said granules have a mechanical resistance, dimensions and weights being appropriate for the distribution and the mechanical application on the ground and in the ground, the granules being characterised in that they include finely ground particulate components. 30 There is also provided a soil treatment composition in granular form, characterised in that the dimension of fine particles do not exceeding a preferred dimension as required. 19 There is also provided a granular soil treatment composition wherein the particles of the components are mixed with a binder in effective proportion to bind the particles in the form of granules having dimensions and weights appropriate for a mechanical application. These granules are designed to be suitable for both ground spreading and aerial application. The 5 granules may be applied via aerial top-dressing, mechanical spreaders, manually. As previously advised, it is envisaged the invention will be applicable to any reasonable situation where soil treatment is desired or required. These include agricultural, horticultural, forestry, commercial, industrial or domestic applications where each situation may be need 10 specific and requires consideration of the physical, organic and chemical nature of the soil, such as soil type, density and so forth; as well as the climatic conditions of an area; and so forth. Accordingly, there is provided a granule for use in soil treatment applications as a fertiliser, 15 the granule including at least finely ground particulate elemental sulphur, oil, a surfactant and a binding agent. There is also provided a granule for use in soil treatment applications as a fertiliser, the granule including at least finely ground particulate elemental sulphur, on a w/w basis 20 (wherein the component amounts total 100%) and wherein the finely ground particulate elemental sulphur comprises up to 90%. There is also provided a granule for use in soil treatment applications as a fertiliser, the granule including the elemental sulphur and bentonite components, on a w/w basis (wherein 25 the component amounts total 100%) and wherein the bentonite comprises up to 25%. There is further provided a granule for use in soil treatment applications as a fertiliser, the granule including the following components, on a w/w basis (wherein the component amounts total 100%): 30 a) Finely ground particulate elemental sulphur up to 88% b) Bentonite up to 25%. 20 The granule for use in soil treatment applications as substantially as described above also includes lime on a w/w basis wherein the amounts total 100%. The granule for use in soil treatment applications as substantially as described above also 5 includes up to 10% water added during the production process. The granule for use in soil treatment applications as substantially as described above wherein, the granule includes up to 4% oil added during the production process. 10 The granule for use in soil treatment applications substantially as described above wherein, the oil is a vegetable oil, an animal (eg. fish) oil. The granule for use in soil treatment applications substantially as described above wherein, the granule includes up to 3% surfactant added during the production process. 15 A typical oil-coated elemental sulphur soil treatment composition may include: 88.5% elemental sulphur, 8% water, 2% oil, 1.5% surfactant. However, as previously mentioned, the product can retain zero moisture and still retain its beneficial characteristics, as the oil itself agglomerates the fine sulphur and where bentonite is added this has a binding and dispersing effect. 20 The composition may also include other components, such as urea. Therefore, a composition may also be provided wherein a nitrification inhibitor is included on a preferred w/w basis to the other components (wherein the component amounts total 100%). A composition may also be provided wherein a urease inhibitor is included on a preferred w/w basis to the other components (wherein the component amounts total 100%). 25 There is also provided a method of preparing a fertiliser composition including at least one soil treatment component, said soil treatment component including finely ground particulate elemental sulphur, said particulate elemental sulphur being ground to include particles of either or both less than 20 micron and particles of between 20 to 150 microns in size. 30 21 A method of preparing a fertiliser composition from finely ground particulate elemental sulphur, is provided wherein the composition includes mixing the finely ground particulate elemental sulphur with an oil, a surfactant and water. 5 A method of preparing a fertiliser composition from finely ground particulate elemental sulphur, is further provided wherein the composition includes a binding agent. The method also includes the addition of other components such as soil conditioning compounds and/or macro or micronutrients (such as lime). 10 The method may include the step of inter-grinding the other components with the elemental sulphur. In the present example, it may be appreciated that fine elemental sulphur is both explosive 15 and a health hazard. The granules of the present invention are dust-free. Therefore, the granules are able to be stored, transported and applied with little risk of hazardous sulphur dust being released. The granules of this invention are substantially safer to handle, store and spread when compared to other sulphur or sulphur coated granules. 20 Further, the two key criteria for evaluating a fertiliser granule are crushing strength and water dispersion. The first relates to the ability to produce a dust-free product the second ensures that the urea and sulphur are quickly made available in the soil. Therefore, preferably the granule has a crush rate in excess of other granular fertiliser 25 products which typically have crush-strengths in the range 2-4kg. In addition, the granule form avoids the limitations of traditional mixed fertilisers which are in powdered or loose form. Such fertilisers are typically transported at some stage. The vibrations generated during transportation can cause the different component nutrients to 30 separate out due to their varying densities. When the fertiliser is then applied there is the 22 potential for uneven distribution of the components of the fertiliser and so some areas may remain or may result in being more deficient in a particular component when compared to another. 5 It will be appreciated that the invention broadly consists in the parts, elements and features described in this specification, and is deemed to include any equivalents known in the art which, if substituted for the prescribed integers, would not materially alter the substance of the invention. 10 Variations to the invention may be desirable depending on the applications with which it is to be used. Regard would of course be had to effecting the desired concentrations or volume to volume ratios of the components of the granule, the various components of the granules, the dimensions of the granule, the dissolution rates, the method of application of the granules and so forth as required to effect the desired outcome. 15 The present invention is differentiated from many existing products by virtue of the specific ability to determine and apply preferred components in preferred particulate size having preferred surface area and distribution within the granule as required for the specific soil type, the specific crop, the climatic conditions and so forth. 20 Whilst some varying embodiments of the present invention have been described above and are to be yet exampled, it should further be appreciated different embodiments, uses, and applications of the present invention also exist. Further embodiments of the present invention will now be given by way of example only, to help better describe and define the present invention. However, describing the specified embodiments should not be seen as limiting the 25 scope of this invention. Brief Description of Drawings Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, 30 given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 23 Figure 1 is a table showing the approximate percentage on a weight to weight basis where the total is 100% of the components of the finely ground elemental sulphur soil treatment composition, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and 5 Figure 2 is a table showing the approximate percentage on a weight to weight basis where the total is 100% of the components of the finely ground elemental sulphur soil treatment composition, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and 10 Figure 3 is a table showing the approximate percentage on a weight to weight basis where the total is 100% of the components of the finely ground elemental sulphur soil treatment composition, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and 15 Figure 4 is a table showing the approximate percentage on a weight to weight basis where the total is 100% of the components of the finely ground elemental sulphur soil treatment composition, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and 20 Figure 5 is a table showing a key used to provide direction in relation to a prilling test conducted on an elemental sulphur soil treatment composition, in accordance with tested embodiments of the present invention; and Figure 6 is a table showing the solutions used in a the prilling test conducted on an 25 elemental sulphur soil treatment composition, in accordance with tested embodiments of the present invention; and Figure 7 is a table showing the samples used to provide direction in relation to the prilling test conducted on an elemental sulphur soil treatment composition, in 30 accordance with tested embodiments of the present invention; and 24 Figure 8 is a table showing the results of a prilling test conducted on an elemental sulphur soil treatment composition, in accordance with tested embodiments of the present invention. 5 Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention With reference to the present invention there is provided an oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur product as a soil treatment composition or fertiliser, for various applications. Tables 1 and 2 provide examples of the soil treatment composition providing the components 10 of same and the approximate percentage on a weight to weight basis where the total is 100% of the components of the finely ground elemental sulphur soil treatment composition. The oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur product may be formed as an agglomerate, or in the form of a granule. 15 Characteristics When either wet or dry the oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur composition results in a product that has the following characteristics: " Non-flammable (enabling safe application even by aircraft) 20 e Dust free " Readily disperses Safety 25 In terms of safety, the oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur product has advantages compared to all other agricultural sulphur products currently available for use. Flammability and explosiveness are the primary hazards involved in the handling of conventional elemental sulphur products in agriculture. 25 Flammability The oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur composition of the present invention would be anticipated to pass the United Nations burning test and as such therefore 5 should not be classified as a 4.1.1 B flammable solid. Application can be made to appropriate standards and safety authorities to formalise the oil coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur composition as a non-flammable sulphur product. This would be similar to the dispensation currently given to "formed sulphur" 10 products. Accordingly, the following points are relevant to the current invention and worthy of reiteration: e The treated oil-coated fine sulphur is non-flammable. e This is the first time oil has been proved to make sulphur non flammable in fertilisers. 15 e The use of oil greatly reduces the explosive characteristic of fine sulphur particles which makes the sulphur non-flammable. Explosiveness Currently explosive dusts are not formally classified in New Zealand. According to the 20 "Occupational Safety and Health Safe Practices for the handling of sulphur" a dust explosion is only possible if fine sulphur is present in sufficient concentration to initiate an explosion. The oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur composition of the present invention is a dust-free product. Due to the agglomeration of fine sulphur particles it is not possible for a sulphur dust explosion to initiate or propagate. This substantially mitigates the 25 potential for dust explosions to occur. Accordingly, the following points are relevant to the current invention and worthy of reiteration: e Sulphur explosiveness is greatly reduced by means of oil-coating. The sulphur is modified from a highly explosive product into a weekly explosive product. 26 e The surfactants / emulsifying agent or agents assist in reducing the explosive properties of the fine sulphur. Dust-free product. 5 As a dust free product, the present invention minimises handling risks associated with fine sulphur (explosibility, flammability). The safety of handling the product in fertiliser stores is greatly improved. 10 Overall, the following points relating to the invention are worthy of re-iteration: * The invention enables removal or agglomeration of super fine particles in the less than 20 micron range and slows down the release of these super fine particles in the less than 20 micron range. " By means of selective particle sizing, surface coating with oil and then granulation, it is is possible to customise a product for very specific conditions. * This is the first time oil has been used in a sulphur-based fertiliser. * This is the first time a surfactant has been used in fertiliser sulphur with the purpose of acting in the mixing phase as a surfactant and in the soil application stage acting as a dispersant. 20 0 Elemental sulphur is not subject to leaching losses common with sulphate fertilisers. e Rapid dispersion in the soil (breakdown of agglomerations) is available. When the treated fine elemental sulphur is applied to soils the surfactants / emulsifying agent or agents assist in the dispersion of the agglomerated sulphur. e Use of a surfactant enables the fine sulphur particles to disperse and become rapidly 25 available to plants. * Larger agglomerations are less affected by wind. * Larger agglomerated particles will not easily separate in a fertiliser mix. * Larger agglomerated particles are easier to accurately apply to soils. * Oil coated sulphur is easily granulated. 30 e The vegetable oil is completely and rapidly consumed in the soil. e The vegetable oil can be applied to the sulphur at low cost. 27 * A surfactant / emulsifying agent or agents mixed with the oil assists in surface coating of the fine particles. e The oil-surfactant coating enables moisture to be held in the agglomerations. * The super fine sulphur faction that would normally behave in a similar way to 5 sulphate sulphur remains bound by oil and disperses at a slower rate and a more controlled rate. * The oil coated sulphur (almost 100% fine elemental sulphur) of the present invention can be safely applied by aircraft. 10 In addition: The granule is adapted to include various components desirable in the conditioning or treatment of soils. The granule is preferably comprised of components having specific particle size and surface 15 area. The specific size of particles is tailored to the specific soil type to which the granule will be applied; and/or the particle size is tailored to provide more readily available materials into the soil as required. The granule may include other dispersants and binders which may be in addition to the main 20 components, or the main components may also serve as suitable binders and dispersants. The granule product demonstrates any combination of the following features: a) Is a controlled release, long life granule formulated for a specific soil-type. b) Is comprised of components having one or more of a preferred particle size, 25 preferred particle distribution, preferred particle surface area. c) Includes component(s) directed to a specific treatment, specific soil type, specific climatic conditions. d) Includes a component that facilitates dispersal of the granule. e) Includes a component that facilitates rapid release of at least one other component 30 from the granule. f) Is uniform in size. 28 g) Is dust free for improved handling, spreading, transportation and safety. h) Is colour coded to ensure the correct formulation is applied to the particular soil type. i) Is an improvement on products prone to leaching. 5 j) Granules are not easily separated during a mix. k) Fast acting for rapid results - such as rapid plant availability of nutrients. 1) A product which is adapted to address some environmental concerns. EXAMPLE 1 10 Elemental sulphur The present invention makes use of elemental sulphur. The use of elemental sulphur, in comparison to sulphate sulphur, minimises leaching and run-off problems when the sulphur is applied to soils. 15 Some soils require finely ground particulate elemental sulphur to optimize the availability of the sulphur to plants as and when required. Many other soils require a coarse grade of sulphur. 20 The particle size of the elemental sulphur is preferably optimised by fine-grinding and classification to suit differing soil conditions and the purpose for which it is being used. The sulphur particles are also preferably irregular in shape which provides an increased surface area. This increased surface area contributes to greater reactivity in the soil and more rapid plant availability. 25 Particulate elemental sulphur which is able to be used with the present invention includes elemental sulphur particles of less than 20 micron and particles of between 20 to 150 microns in size. Larger sulphur particles may be used with the invention, although the maximum size of the sulphur particles will be dictated by the dispersion rate desired, the availability to the 30 plants and therefore the cost effectiveness of the application. 29 The present invention however enables the very fine particles which would typically be <20 microns, to also be used in the fertilizer composition. The sulphur particles of less than 20 micron in size are combined together so as to avoid problems of the finely ground sulphur acting as sulphate sulphur when in and on the soil, or to avoid the sulphur being blown away 5 or leached away when the fine sulphur particles are applied to the soil. Applying an oil to coat the finely ground particulate elemental sulphur component of the present invention provides a means to agglomerate the finest sulphur particles (<20 micron) while at the same time allowing for rapid dispersion of the sulphur particles which give 10 maximum benefit (20 - 150 micron). The oil component as a result, also avoids the problem of the fine sulphur dust, by agglomerating the fine particles of sulphur. Any suitable vegetable or animal oils, or a combination of such oils may be used. A vegetable oil component is preferred and a range of 15 suitable oils are available for use with the invention - including at least the following: e Coconut oil * Corn oil e Cottonseed oil e Palm oil 20 e Peanut oil * Rapeseed oil (Canola) e Safflower oil e Soybean oil * Sunflower oil. 25 Water is an integral part of the process of enabling applied finely ground elemental sulphur to be taken up by plants. However, as may be appreciated, the present invention comprises an oil-coated finely ground particulate elemental sulphur composition. The invention therefore involves the formation of a water, vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion. Preferably, the water, vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion is formed via high speed blending (high shear action). 30 30 At least one of a surfactant and/or an emulsifying agent is used with the invention. An anionic surfactant / emulsifier is used with the oil-coated elemental sulphur. Sodium lauryl sulphate (also known as sodium lauryl ether sulphate) is one such surfactant. 5 The surfactant enables the oil to coat the finely ground elemental sulphur particles. The surfactant enables introduced water to bind to the finely ground sulphur thus keeping water in the agglomerations created by the application of the oil. The surfactant also preferably acts as a wetting agent. 10 Effectively, the surfactant locks up the finely ground elemental sulphur until it is applied to the ground; at which time, the surfactant effectively assists in the dispersion of the elemental sulphur. Where bentonite is used, this allows the granules to more easily break up when in contact 15 with the soil. The soil organisms and soil water operate such that the soil organisms feed on the oil and in so doing assist in the release of the sulphur from the granules. Where potash is used in the composition, it may be used instead of bentonite. In so doing, the potash provides a salt form which essentially assists with disintegration, enabling the granule 20 to break up into a smaller particulate component form. The soil organisms then act by consuming the oil. The surfactant facilitates dispersion. The surfactant also preferably acts as a dispersing agent when the finely ground elemental sulphur is applied to the soil. The surfactant to oil ratio may be altered to vary dispersion 25 rates, as required. When the sulphur comes into contact with soil solutions the finely ground elemental sulphur particles which were in an agglomeration form, readily disperse. The surfactant is used in the fertiliser compositions with the purpose of acting in the mixing phase as a surfactant and in the soil application stage acting as a dispersant. 30 The water, vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion is sprayed onto the finely ground particulate elemental sulphur; and the emulsion and the finely ground particulate elemental sulphur are 31 then mixed to ensure all fine sulphur particle surfaces are coated. Fine sprays are used either from pressure or using compressed air forced through a nozzle. The water can also be applied by mechanical means such as paddle and ribbon mixers. This aspect offers a further potentially realizable advantage over prior art systems because, if 5 the fine particles are sprayed immediately after crushing this reduces the risk of fire and explosion. It then becomes unnecessary to use inerted gas protection systems during production/manufacture. The use of a surfactant/emulsifying agent or agents make it possible to remove or agglomerate and slow down the release of the super fine elemental sulphur particles in the 10 less than 20 micron range. In addition, selective particle sizing, surface coating with oil and then granulation, means it is possible to customise a product for very specific conditions. The composition may also include a binding agent. 15 Lime Lime may be used in or on the granule to balance acidity from the sulphur. The result is either a reduction in overall acidity or a pH neutural product (if sufficient lime is 20 incorporated). Lime also imparts physical strength and longer life properties to the product. Lime has a beneficial binding effect. The lime may be applied at maintenance rates to balance the soil pH. This will reduce the need for large capital application every five years. 25 EXAMPLE 2 Particle size ranges The present invention teaches of preferred and predetermined particle sizes for the 30 components of the exampled fertiliser composition. The potentially realisable advantages of such preferred particle sizes have been discussed previously. 32 Granules The present invention also provides a granule of elemental sulphur particles in which the particles are able to be sized differently to match the particle sizes required by different soils, different climatic and temperature conditions and the different elemental sulphur release rates 5 required. Traditionally, the handling and application of sulphur fertilisers has been a dangerous practice involving multiple hazards. Fine elemental sulphur is both explosive and a health hazard. Fine sulphur can now be handled and applied substantially safely via the present invention 10 without the added disadvantage of producing a certain amount of hazardous fine sulphur dust during storage, transportation and application. The use of granules of the present invention provides a further opportunity to mitigate these sulphur hazards. 15 The resultant granule provides a sulphur source that can be safely spread by plane, helicopter, professional bulk spreader or farmer (due to its granulated form). Granulated products are especially suited for aerial application removing the problems associated with drift of fine particles associated with conventional fertilisers. 20 The granules have the added benefit of allowing a controlled release of elemental sulphur over a period of time. The compact, crush-strength nature of the granules contributes to the fertilizer composition of the present invention substantially dust free. Preferably, the granule does not break-up during 25 storage, transportation and application. To achieve this, the method of manufacture is directed to producing a granule having a preferred compressive strength (or crush-strength). The compressive strength is directed to ensure that the granule which results is less likely to breakdown during handling, transportation or application. However, the dispersion agents within the granule enable the granule sulphur to be quickly made available in the soil when 30 required. 33 Preferably, the granules are uniform in size. The uniform sized granules contribute to more accurate spreading. However, the granules may be varyingly shaped. Compaction is an important part of the production process as it imparts physical strength and 5 stability to the granules and also gives long life characteristics. Manufacture Method The elemental sulphur (and any other soil treatment components to be included, such as lime) is finely ground during production. The grinding will result in particles of a 10 preset/predetermined median size. However, the grinding process also results in substantial very finely ground particles. With elemental sulphur, these particles may be <20 microns. The present invention now enables this very fine sulphur to be agglomerated by the use of a vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion. 15 Accordingly, the manufacture involves the steps of 1. The elemental sulphur is ground by means of a pin mill or similar device. 2. Any other components of the fertilizer composition - such as lime, bentonite and so forth may be similarly ground to a predetermined particle size; or be inter-ground with the elemental sulphur. 20 3. A vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion is then sprayed onto the ground component(s); and 4. The components and sprayed vegetable oil / surfactant emulsion are mixed together to form an agglomeration; and the agglomeration may further be processed to form granules. 25 The granules are formed by: 5. The particles of the components being mixed with a binder in effective proportion to bind the particles; and 6. Sheets of the agglomerated components are formed by means of a double-roll chilsolator applying approximately 2000kg of pressure. Other known pressing 30 methods may be used; and 7. The pressed sheets may then be broken up by means of a granulating device; and 8. Granules are produced having appropriate dimensions and weights. 34 The granules are preferably 2-4mm in size. The granules may however be made into various shapes and sizes. Preferably, the granule components are tailor made to suit specific soil types in particular 5 countries and/or for particular soil types in particular regions within said countries. In addition, the uniform sized granules ensure accurate spreading. Outcome of Application to Pasture Vegetation 10 It is proposed that use of the agglomerated elemental sulphur and/or the granules of this invention could contribute to a substantial increase in dry mass within the first several weeks following application to pasture vegetation. This is because frequently, the soils contain high levels of existing soil treatment components delivered as a result of previous fertiliser applications. 15 Often it is necessary for the application of only one component which is lacking by comparison, in order for the benefits of fertiliser treatments to be realised. The present invention enables a treatment composition comprised of elemental sulphur, oil, water, a surfactant and optionally a binder to be applied, or alternatively the composition may include 20 bentonite; or may include other soil treatment components as may be required. It is proposed that the farmer, horticulturalist, forest worker and so forth, undertakes a sampling process to determine what soil treatment components are lacking or reduced and can then tailor the treatment application to meet the specific needs of the site. 25 The increase in dry mass of pasture vegetation following application of granules of the present invention will contribute a potentially realisable advantage of the present invention. Sulphur Prilling Tests 30 Tests were undertaken to create a strong solid spherical fertiliser product consisting of mainly finely crushed elemental sulphur bound by potash, surfactant and oil solution. 35 One methodology included the following steps: I. Sample ingredients were combined with a pre-made solution in a mixing dish. 2. Each sample was pressed into granule form and left to dry over an oil column heater 3. Each sample was weighed regularly until dry (i.e. until there was no change in weight) 5 4. Each sample was then crushed and placed on a set of scales and the weight recorded at which the sample crush level was reached. A successful test gave a crush weight of I OOg or higher. 5. Successful samples were bum tested to compare the sample's flammability against raw crushed elemental sulphur. 10 6. Successful samples also had their dispersion tested by being placed in water and the time taken for the sample to disperse was recorded. The results are provided in Tables 5 through 8 and illustrated samples in Table 8 specifically samples 4, 8 and 9 produced strong prills. The bum tests on these samples 15 showed that they offered a safety improvement over raw crushed sulphur. Also, the dispersion test demonstrated that they were able to withstand the degrading effects of rain, irrigation or dew. However, the product should be stored in a way as to not expose it to these elements. 20 The invention has been described with particular reference to certain embodiments thereof. It will be understood that various modifications can be made to the above-mentioned embodiment without departing from the ambit of the invention. The skilled reader will also understand the concept of what is meant by purposive construction. The examples and the particular proportions set forth are intended to be illustrative only and are thus non-limiting. 25 The invention may also broadly be said to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any of two or more parts, elements, members or features and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents such equivalents are deemed to be 30 incorporated herein as if individually set forth. 36 It will also be understood that where a product, method or process as herein described or claimed and that is sold incomplete, as individual components, or as a "kit of Parts", that such exploitation will fall within the ambit of this invention. 5 When referring to the description of the present invention, it should also be understood that the term "comprise" or variations thereof are not intended to exclude other additives, components or step and as such, where used herein, is not to be considered to be used in a limiting sense. Accordingly, 'comprise' does not represent nor define an exclusive set of items, but includes the possibility of other components and items being added to the list. I0 All references, including any patents or patent applications cited in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference. This specification is therefore also based on the understanding of the inventor regarding the prior art. The prior art description should not be regarded as being an authoritative disclosure of the true state of the prior art but rather as 15 referring to considerations in and brought to the mind and attention of the inventor when developing this invention. Further, the applicant makes no admission that any reference constitutes prior art - they are merely assertions by their authors and the applicant reserves the right to contest the accuracy, pertinency and domain of the cited documents. None of the documents or references constitute an admission that they form part of the common general 20 knowledge in NZ or in any other country Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof, as defined in the appended claims. 37