AU2011213789A1 - Dewatering system for water containing material and method of dewatering the same - Google Patents

Dewatering system for water containing material and method of dewatering the same Download PDF

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AU2011213789A1
AU2011213789A1 AU2011213789A AU2011213789A AU2011213789A1 AU 2011213789 A1 AU2011213789 A1 AU 2011213789A1 AU 2011213789 A AU2011213789 A AU 2011213789A AU 2011213789 A AU2011213789 A AU 2011213789A AU 2011213789 A1 AU2011213789 A1 AU 2011213789A1
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dme
water
containing material
dimethyl ether
dewatering system
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AU2011213789A
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AU2011213789B8 (en
AU2011213789B2 (en
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Hideki Kanda
Hisao Makino
Shigeki Mizutani
Teruo Tomonari
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IWAI ENGINEERING Ltd
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
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IWAI ENGINEERING Ltd
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
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Priority claimed from AU2008287823A external-priority patent/AU2008287823C1/en
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Abstract

DEWATERING SYSTEM FOR WATER-CONTAINING MATERIAL AND METHOD OF DEWATERING THE SAME A water-containing material dewatering system (11) comprising: a dimethyl ether supplying unit (12) that supplies liquid dimethyl ether;a water-containing material supplying unit (131) that supplies water-containing material; a contact portion (1 A, 21A, I IA", 73) in which the water-containing material supplied by the water-containing material supplying unit (131) and the dimethyl ether supplied by the dimethyl ether supplying unit (12) are pressurized and mixed with each other; a dewaterer (74) that is connected to the contact portion (1 A, 21A, I IA", 73) and dewaters the water-containing material by absorbing moisture contained in the water-containing material in the dimethyl ether; a hydraulic cyclone (75) by which watery liquid dimethyl ether that has absorbed moisture discharged from the dewaterer (74) is separated from the water-containing material; an evaporator (76) in which the dimethyl ether contained in the watery liquid dimethyl ether is evaporated to separate the dimethyl ether from moisture contained in the dimethyl ether; a dimethyl ether transfer pipe (42, 77) through which gas dimethyl ether vaporized in the evaporator (76) is taken out; a pressurizing unit that is connected to the dimethyl ether transfer pipe (42, 77) and pressurizes the vaporized dimethyl ether; a dimethyl ether condensing pipe (79) that condenses the dimethyl ether pressurized by the pressurizing unit (78, 109); a condense tank (80) in which the condensed dimethyl ether is stored; and a liquid dimethyl ether delivery pipe (82) through which the condensed dimethyl ether is delivered to a tank in which the liquid dimethyl ether that is supplied to the contact portion (1 IA, 21A, I IA", 73) is stored.

Description

S&F Ref: 939811D1 AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT Name and Address Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, of of Applicants: 6-1, Otemachi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1008126, Japan Iwai Engineering, Ltd., of 2-6-38, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 2200011, Japan Shigeki Mizutani, of 2-10-7-102, Shimoochiai Shinjuku ku,Tokyo,1610033, Japan Actual Inventor(s): Hideki Kanda Teruo Tomonari Shigeki Mizutani Hisao Makino Address for Service: Spruson & Ferguson St Martins Tower Level 35 31 Market Street Sydney NSW 2000 (CCN 3710000177) Invention Title: Dewatering system for water containing material and method of dewatering the same The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us: 5845c(5532224_1) DESCRIPTION DEWATERING SYSTEM FOR WATER-CONTAINING MATERIAL AND METHOD OF DEWATERING THE SAME 5 TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a dewatering system, and more particularly, to a dewatering system in which water-containing material is dewatered by using 10 dimethyl ether efficiently in low energy, and a dewatering method in which the dewatering system is employed. BACKGROUND ART [0002] Various types of water-containing materials have. 15 been known, and from a viewpoint of reuse and quality improvement thereof, various types of treatment methods for water-containing material are under development. [0003] For example, sludge generated in a sewage line has generally been treated so as to be incinerated, and 20 then the incineration ash has been buried. Incineration thereof requires performing preliminary treatment in which condensation treatment, dewatering treatment, and drying treatment of a considerable amount of fluid contained therein are combined as appropriate, and those treatments 25 are difficult. A large amount of sewage sludge is discharged, and it is difficult to find enough filled ground that can hold the sewage sludge. Therefore, a need for technology by which sewage sludge can be reused has been demanded. 30 [0004] Meanwhile, in an in-oil upgrading process (see, for example, Patent Document 1), which is an example of dewatering technology, assuming coal as water content solid, moisture contained in water content solid is evaporated by 2 heating the water-containing material that is slurried in oil so that a temperature thereof is equal to or higher than 150 degrees centigrade. By using liquid oil that is not evaporated at an operating temperature as heating medium, only water is selectively evaporated. Therefore, water vapor is not diluted, and a density of evaporative latent heat of water vapor is not reduced. Thus, it is assumed that evaporative latent heat of water vapor can be efficiently recovered in the in-oil upgrading process. Especially in dewatering coal, it is assumed that the in-oil upgrading process requires the least energy among all the know approaches. In the in-oil upgrading process, however, to separate oil (deoiling) whose boiling point is higher than water from coal requires centrifugal separation or heating operation in which the coal is heated at a temperature higher than 150 degrees centigrade. Thus, the energy consumed at a deoiling step is higher than the energy consumed at dewatering step. Therefore, the in-oil upgrading process is not commercially operated in a full-fledged way. [0005] Patent Document 1: JP 2000-290673 A [0006] It is thus desirable to provide a unit with which water-containing material can be dewatered efficiently in low energy. It is the object of the present invention to substantially overcome or at least ameliorate one or more of the prior art disadvantages or at least provide a useful alternative. [0007] In view of the above, the inventors of the present invention kept studying and focused on the facts that, without setting an extraordinary condition, due to the property thereof: a substance that is gaseous at an ordinary temperature and a normal pressure can be easily liquefied and the resultant liquid absorb moisture; and, similarly, the substance can be easily vaporized so as to be converted from liquid (liquefied substance) into gas. Through trial and error, the inventors have found that various components contained in water-containing material can be extracted and separated therefrom by utilizing a vertical 3 interval in a contact pipe when bringing dimethyl ether and water-containing material into contact with each other. [0008] The present invention has the following aspects. [1] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is disclosed herein a water-containing material dewatering system comprising: a dimethyl ether supplying unit that supplies liquid dimethyl ether; a water-containing material supplying unit that supplies water-containing material; a contact portion in which the water-containing material supplied by the water containing material supplying unit and the dimethyl ether supplied by the dimethyl ether supplying unit are pressurized and mixed with each other; a dewaterer that is connected to the contact portion and dewaters the water containing material by absorbing moisture contained in the water-containing material in the dimethyl ether; a hydraulic cyclone by which watery liquid dimethyl ether that has absorbed moisture discharged from the dewaterer is separated from the water-containing material; an evaporator in which the dimethyl ether contained in the watery liquid dimethyl ether is evaporated to separate the dimethyl ether from moisture contained in the dimethyl ether; a dimethyl ether transfer pipe through which gas dimethyl ether vaporized in the evaporator is taken out; a pressurizing unit that is connected to the dimethyl ether transfer pipe and pressurizes the vaporized dimethyl ether; a dimethyl ether condensing pipe that condenses the dimethyl ether pressurized by the pressurizing unit; a condense tank in which the condensed dimethyl ether is stored; and a liquid dimethyl ether delivery pipe through which the condensed dimethyl ether is delivered to a tank in which the liquid dimethyl ether that is supplied to the contact portion is stored.
4 [2] According to a second aspect of the present invention there is disclosed herein a part or whole of the dewatering system is installed above the ground or underground. [3] The dewatering system according to any one of [I] to [2], wherein the water containing material is coal. [4] A water-containing material dewatering method employing the dewatering system according to any one of [l] to [3].
5 EFFECT OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION [0009] According to the present invention, water-containing material can be dewatered efficiently in low energy.
6 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [0010] [Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a schematic of a dewatering system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 5 [Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is a schematic of a dewatering system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is a schematic of a dewatering system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is a schematic of an example of separating 10 process performed by a separating device. [Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is a schematic of another example of separating process performed by the separating device. [Fig. 6] Fig. 6 is a schematic of still another example of separating process performed by the separating device. 15 [Fig. 7] Fig. 7 is a schematic of an example of filing method performed by a brown coal filling device. [Fig. 8] Fig. 8 is a schematic of still another example of filling method performed by the brown coal filling deyice. [Fig. 9] Fig. 9 is a schematic depicting a configuration 20 of a dewatering system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 10] Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a configuration of the dewatering system according to the fourth embodiment. 25 EXPLANATIONS OF LETTERS OR NUMERALS [0011] 11, 21 dewatering system well llA, 21A, llA", 73 contact portion 12, 22, 32, 71 DME filling pipe 30 221A, 221B opening within the DME filling pipe 13, 23A, 23B, 33 water-containing material inlet 131, 231, 331, 431 water-containing material filling pipe 132, 232, 332 brown coal filling device 7 133, 233, 333 hopper 234 screw feeder 14, 24, 92 DME-water-containing material outlet 15, 25 DME-water-containing material separating device 5 41 compressor-condenser 42, 77 DME transfer pipe 43, 88 DME tank 51, 61 pressure tank 52, 62, 58 discharge pipe 10 53, 63, 55, 56, 59, 65, 66 valve 54, 64 filling pipe 57, 67 lid 68 nitrogen high-pressure pump 69 compressor 15 70 dewatering system 72 brown coal supplying unit 74 dewaterer 74a bottom part 74b top part 20 75 hydraulic cyclone 76 evaporator 78, 109 pressure blower (pressurizing unit) 79 DME condensing pipe 80 condensate tank 25 81 intermediate tank 82 liquefied DME delivery pipe 83, 85 conveyer 84 brown coal storage tank 86 brown coal filling tank 30 87, 97, 112 screw feeder 89 DME filling branch pipe 90 DME-water-containing material supply passage 91 DME-water-containing material inflow entrance 8 93 DME-water-containing material discharge passage 94 water-containing DME separating passage 95 brown coal extract passage 96 brown coal takeout tank 5 98 dewatered brown coal conveyor 99 liquefied DME collecting pipe 100 vapor pressure control tank 101 separated water circulating passage 102 DME supply pipe 10 103, 104 cooling water 105 separated water extract pipe 106 filter 107 final gas separating tank 108, 110, 111 gas DME recovery passage 15 100 separated water circulating passage 114 control panel 123 building BEST MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 20 [0012] A dewatering system according to the present invention relates to a system in which water-containing material is dewatered by utilizing dimethyl ether (hereinafter, abbreviated as DME). [0013] The boiling point of DME at 1 atmosphere is -24.8 25 degrees centigrade, and DME is in a gaseous state at a temperature between -10 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade. A method and an apparatus in which DME can be efficiently prepared are disclosed in, for example, JP Hll 130714 A, JP H10-195009 A, JP H10-195008 A, JP H10-182527 30 to H10-182535 A, JP H09-309850 A to JP H09-309852 A, JP H09-286754 A, JP H09-173863 A, JP H09-173848 A, JP H09 173845 A. DME can be readily obtained according to the technologies disclosed therein.
9 [0014] DME may also be used in combination with another substance that is gaseous at an ordinary temperature and a normal pressure. Substance that is gaseous at an ordinary temperature and a normal pressure may include ethyl methyl 5 ether, formaldehyde, ketene, acetaldehyde, butane, and propane. Each material may be used alone, or combination of two or more may be used. [0015] In the present invention, water-containing material is treated. Water-containing material means 10 material that contains moisture. "Moisture" means water or aqueous solution, regardless of component, origin, or the like thereof. For example, moisture may be water, blood, bodily fluid, or sewage water. "To contain" means that the moisture is included in some material. In such material, a 15 size or a component thereof is not specifically limited. Such material is, however, preferably a solid substance or in a slurry state as water-containing material. A state in which moisture is present in water-containing material is not specifically limited, either. Moisture may be 20 clathrated therewithin. Or moisture may be present on an outer surface thereof, between solid particles thereof, or even in a fine pore within a solid particle thereof. A moisture content of water-containing material is not specifically limited, is generally 20 to 98 percent by 25 weight, and preferably 35 to 85 percent by weight. Such water-containing material may already be dewatered in another dewatering treatment, as long as the water containing material contains moisture. [0016] Examples of waLer-containing material may include 30 coal, polymeric absorbent (such as a used disposable diaper and a used hygiene product), living body (such as weed, flowers, and jelly fish), biomass material (such as wood chip, leftover meals, kitchen garbage, and other waste 10 matters), clod, and sewage sludge (including dewatered cake). More in particular, when the present invention is applied to coal, high quality coal can be efficiently obtained. Coal can be treated according to the present 5 invention, even if the coal is raw coal after being mined or even if some dewatering treatment is performed for the coal, (such as an in-oil upgrading process (see, for example, JP 2000-290673 A) and dewatering approach using dry inert gas (see, JP H10-338653 A)). A moisture content 10 of coal is typically 20 to 80 percent by weight, and preferably 35 to 67 percent by weight. Such coal may includes subbituminous coal, brown coal, lignite, and peat. [0017] A dewatering system well, which has been drilled and completed by a drilling rig, is a portion installed 15 underground of the dewatering system. The dewatering system well is composed of a DME filling pipe, a water containing material filling pipe, and a contact portion. The contact portion is a portion in which DME and water containing material are brought into contact with each 20 other. DME and water-containing material are brought into contact with each other in the contact portion so that moisture contained in the water-containing material is dissolved into the DME, thereby forming water-containing DME (that is, liquid in which moisture that is derived from 25 the water-containing material is dissolved in the DME). According to the present invention, by using the dewatering system well having the contact portion, DME and water containing material can be brought into contact with each other efficiently in low energy by utilizing a vertical 30 interval in a contact portion. [0018] Preferably, the dewatering system well is composed of zones (1) to (3) described below if the dewatering system well is, for example, generally U shaped.
11 (1) A zone that extends upwards vertically or bending inwardly and outwardly. (2) A zone that is horizontal or slightly slanted. (3) A zone that extends upwards vertically or bending 5 inwardly and outwardly. [0019] In the zone (1), a hydrostatic pressure is obtained that is required to keep DME liquefied (generally 6 to 15 atmospheres). Thus, when DME and water-containing material is introduced thereinto, the DME and the water 10 containing material are sent to the zone (2) through solution sending. Then, in the zone (2), the contact of the liquefied DME and the water-containing material for the dewatering of the water-containing material is facilitated and a contact time thereof is controlled (the contact time 15 is generally 15 to 30 minutes), thus performing contact and dewatering between the liquefied DME and the water containing material. In the zone (3), a pressure therewithin is made lower to slightly vaporize the water containing DME, thereby generating gas DME. With a buoyant 20 force due to the generation of the gas DME, an ascending force is obtained. Thus, the water-containing DME (liquid), a small amount of the gas DME, and dewatered water containing material go upwards to be discharged from an outlet. Preferably, a depth and a size of each zone are 25 set up so that enough pressure and temperature condition is provided to keep the DME liquefied. Specifically, a size of the zone (2) is determined according to conditions such as an installation depth of the contact portion, a moisture content of the water-containing material, the moisture 30 content dewatering ratio of the system, a filling speed thereof, pressures and temperature conditions of substance such as liquefied DME and water-containing liquefied DME. [0020] The dewatering system well may be generally 12 vertically cylindrical, slanted in an arbitrary slanting angle with the vertical direction (that is, a directional well), or generally U shaped. Most preferably, the dewatering system well is generally U shaped because a 5 contact time and a dewatering time of liquefied DME and water-containing material can be easily controlled. [0021] The dewatering system well may be installed underground, above the ground, or underwater. A most part thereof is, however, preferably buried underground. If the 10 dewatering system well is installed above the ground, a well shaped pipe having a height of 5 meters to 70 meters is built on the ground. Then, facilities such as large scale supports are required for securing stability thereof. On the other hand, if the dewatering system well is 15 installed underground (drilling, a steel pipe, constructing facilities and the like), a pressure therewithin can be secured and maintained due to the hydrostatic pressure, and the facilities can be made small by utilizing a buoyant force or an ascending force due to the DME properties. 20 Moreover, an existing well drilling technique and an existing pipeline laying technique can be employed in installing the dewatering system well, and the dewatering system well can be more stably installed. When filling DME and water-containing material thereinto, it can be expected 25 that they fall freely due to the gravity. When they go upwards, an ascending force due to the vaporization of the water-containing DME (liquid) can be utilized even though the force is very small. Thus, dewatering can be performed in low cost. In the dewatering system well, however, the 30 DME filling pipe, a connecting portion connected to the water-containing material filling pipe, and an opening of a DME-water-containing material outlet are preferably situated above the ground for operating convenience and the 13 like. In underground installation of a dewatering system well that is generally vertically cylindrical shaped, a steel pipe (casing) is inserted into the ground after drilling, similarly to the installation of a typical 5 vertical well. On the other hand, in underground installation of a dewatering system well that is generally U shaped, drilling is performed by using a device that can perform directional drilling or a pipeline laying excavator, and then, a casing is installed therein. 10 [0022] The dewatering system well has the contact portion. The contact portion is an area at which liquefied DME and water-containing material are brought into contact with each other, and is a space between openings of a dimethyl ether filling pipe and the water-containing 15 material filling pipe, and a dimethyl ether-water containing material outlet that are described later. Thus, the whole of the dewatering system well or at least a portion thereof on the downstream side forms the contact portion. 20 [0023] In the contact portion, DME-water-containing material goes upwards to reach an outlet that is described later, and is discharged therefrom. An intra-pipe stirring nozzle may be inserted thereto, or an ESP (electrical submersible pump) or a screw feeder may be installed 25 therein so as to enhance the rheological characteristics of water-containing DME and substance after dewatering. A warming device such as a steam/hot water pipe and a heat source heater may be installed in the dewatering system well, or a device such as a gas DME injecting device (gas 30 lift) may be installed therein, so as to enhance moisture absorbability of the liquefied DME, to facilitate vaporization thereof, to add ascending force, to enhance water absorbability of the liquefied DME, and to increase 14 saturated vapor pressure of the DME. [0024] The dewatering system well is equipped with the DME filling pipe through which the DME is supplied into the interior of the contact portion and the water-containing 5 material filling pipe through which the water-containing material is supplied into the interior of the contact portion. [0025] The DME filling pipe may be configured to open to a general top part of the dewatering system well (typically, 10 the topmost part thereof). Instead, the DME filling pipe may be configured so that a double pipe is formed by inserting the DME filling pipe from the top part of the dewatering system well and the DME filling pipe opens within the dewatering system well. In the latter case, the 15 DME and the water-containing material may be introduced thereinto separately. The DME introduced from the DME filling pipe may be in a gaseous state (gas) or in a liquid state as long as the DME is in a liquid state at the opening of the DME filling pipe. 20 [0026] The water-containing material filling pipe may be configured so as to open to a general top part of the dewatering system well (usually, the topmost part thereof). [0027] Instead, the water-containing material filling pipe may be configured so that a double tube is formed with 25 the dewatering system well as an outer pipe by inserting the water-containing material filling pipe from a general top part of the well and the water-containing material filling pipe opens within the dewatering system well. In this case, it is preferable that the DME filling pipe is 30 also inserted into the dewatering system well as described above and each pipe forms a double pipe with the dewatering system well. Thus, the water-containing material filling pipe forms a double pipe, and then DME and water-containing 15 material can be separately introduced thereinto. The opening of the water-containing material filling pipe may be positioned at the lowest part of the dewatering system well or the vicinity thereof according to embodiments 5 described below and shown in drawings, or may be positioned in an intermediate area not reaching the bottom part. The position thereof may be determined appropriately according to conditions such as a pressure and a temperature condition of the water-containing material when being 10 filled thereinto, and a shape and a size of the dewatering system well. When the dewatering system well is generally vertically cylindrical shaped and when the water-containing material filling pipe and the DME filling pipe are inserted into the interior of the dewatering system well and each of 15 the pipes forms a double pipe with the dewatering system well, the opening of the water-containing material filling pipe is preferably higher than the opening of the DME filling pipe (typically, at a vertical interval of 5 meters to 10 meters). The screw feeder is preferably installed at 20 the opening of the water-containing material filling pipe so as to facilitate injection of water-containing material into the pipe. [00281 Filling of the water-containing material may be performed by injection (normal pressure injection or 25 pressure injection). A filling method of the water containing material may be categorized as normal pressure injection or pressure injection according to a pressure applied to the water-containing material when filling the water-containing material into the water-containing 30 material filling device. Either injection method may be used in the present invention. The water-containing material may be introduced directly into the water containing material filling pipe. Instead, preliminary 16 treatment may be provided to the water-containing material. Treatment to facilitate dissolution of the water-containing material to DME can be appropriately selected as the preliminary treatment, depending on conditions such as a 5 type of the water-containing material and injection condition thereof. For example, the water-containing material may be broken or scurried by DME in the preliminary treatment. For filling the water-containing material, one or a plurality of water-containing material 10 filling devices may be selected to be used that can perform: any one of the normal pressure injection or the pressure injection; and the preliminary treatment when necessary. [0029] In the dewatering system according to the present 15 invention, the dewatering system well has the DME-water containing material outlet, separately from the DME filling pipe and the water-containing material filling pipe. A DME-water-containing material discharge pipe opens in a general top part of the dewatering system well (of the 20 contact portion), and DME-water-containing material after contacting can be discharged therethrough. In the present invention, DME-water-containing material means treated material produced after the DME and the water-containing material are brought into contact with each other; that is, 25 an aggregation of DME (DME gas and liquefied DME), water containing DME (liquid in which moisture derived from the water-containing material is dissolved in the DME), water containing material from which moisture is completely or partly separated, and moisture separated from the water 30 containing DME (separated water that is moisture isolated from the DME due to fluctuation of a saturation solubility or due to vaporization of the DME). A composition of the DME-water-containing material differs according to a 17 position thereof in the contact portion. Generally, when the DME-water-containing material reaches the outlet, main components thereof are water-containing DME and water containing material from which moisture is partially 5 isolated, while a minute amount of DME gas and moisture are still included therein. The DME-water-containing material outlet is connected to the dewatering system well near the top part of the dewatering system well. When the dewatering system well is generally vertically cylindrical 10 shaped, the DME-water-containing material outlet can be positioned at a part of the top part of the dewatering system well where the water-containing material inlet or the DME filling pipe is not connected. When the dewatering system well is generally U shaped, the DME-water-containing 15 material outlet can be positioned at the top part of the dewatering system on which the water-containing material inlet or the DME filling pipe is not provided between the two top parts thereof. The DME-water-containing material outlet may be configured so as to open directly to a 20 separating device. [0030] A preferable positional relationship between pipe connecting portions, and the water-containing material filling pipe, the DME filling pipe and the DME-water containing material outlet, which depends on a shape of the 25 dewatering system well, are as follows. [0031] When the dewatering system well is generally U shaped, the DME filling pipe and the water-containing material filling pipe may be connected as inlets to one of the top parts thereof, and the DME-water-containing 30 material outlet may be provided as an outlet at the other top part thereof. The opening of the water-containing material filling pipe opens at the general top part of the dewatering system well (normally, the top part) or in the 18 interior of the dewatering system well (the water containing material filling pipe forms a double pipe within the dewatering system well). The contact portion of the dewatering system well is the whole dewatering system well 5 when the water-containing material filling pipe opens at the general top part of the dewatering system well. When the water-containing material filling pipe is formed so as to open in the interior of the well, the contact portion is the portion of the dewatering system well located further 10 downstream than the opening thereof. In the portion where the water-containing material filling pipe forms the double pipe (that is, the portion located further upstream than the contact portion), the space between the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double pipe forms a passage through 15 which DME is filled. [0032] On the other hand, when the dewatering system well is generally vertically cylindrical shaped, the DME filling pipe is connected to a general top part of the dewatering system well, the water-containing material 20 filling pipe and the DME filling pipe are inserted into the dewatering system well from the general top part thereof, both pipes form double pipes with the dewatering system well, and the water-containing material inlet and the DME filling pipe open in the interior of the contact portion. 25 Generally, the water-containing material filling pipe opens above the opening of the DME filling pipe. Meanwhile, the DME-water-containing material outlet opens at the same top part, but at an area at which the filling pipes are not connected. The contact portion of the dewatering system 30 well means a portion between the opening of the water containing material filling pipe and the DME-water containing material outlet, that is, a portion of the dewatering system well other than the water-containing 19 material filling pipe or the DME filling pipe. [0033] A state (gas or liquid) of the DME filled into the DME filling pipe depends on a temperature and a pressure within the pipe. Generally, the DME is in a 5 liquid condition at the opening of the DME filling pipe. [0034] A DME-water-containing material separating device is connected to the dewatering system well at the DME water-containing material outlet, and separates DME, moisture derived from the water-containing material, and 10 water-containing material from which moisture is taken away. The DME-water-containing material obtained from the DME water-containing material outlet is the object of the separation that generally includes water-containing DME, dewatered water-containing material, and a minute amount of 15 DME gas and moisture. The separation may be performed under a pressurized condition, or under a condition that the DME-water-containing material is decompressed to be nearly at a normal pressure. "Under a pressurized condition" means a pressure condition in which the DME can 20 remain in a liquid condition; that is, a pressure thereof is higher than a saturated vapor pressure. At an ordinary temperature (that is, when the air temperature is about 18 degrees centigrade), the pressure is generally 5.5 atmospheres to 12 atmospheres, and preferably 6 atmospheres 25 to 10 atmospheres. "Nearly at a normal pressure" means a pressure condition at which a pressure thereof is lower than a saturated vapor pressure at which DME is vaporized. That is, the pressure is generally around 1 atmosphere, and preferably 0.8 atmosphere to 3 atmospheres. Vaporization 30 and liquefaction of DME depends not only on a pressure but largely on a temperature. Therefore, a range of pressure is difficult to be specified. [00351 Examples of the separating device may include a 20 net, a cyclone, a centrifuge, a decompression device that performs flash decompression, a heating device, and a gas separator. Each of the examples may be used alone, or combination of two or more of the examples may be used. 5 The cyclone, the decompression device, the heating device, and the gas separator are useful in vapor-liquid separation of the DME and the other materials. The net and the centrifuge are useful in solid-liquid separation of the water-containing material and water. 10 (0036] A flow control valve may be provided so as to control a flow of the DME-water-containing material to the DME-water-containing material separating device. A device such as a non-seal pressure resistant pump may be provided when a pressure for flowing the DME-water-containing 15 material into the separating device is not large enough. The non-seal pressure-resistant pump is preferably configured to prevent leakage. Such a non-seal pressure resistant pump is, for example, products such as "HN21A" (trade name: discharge rate 10 m 3 /h, lifting height about 20 20 meters) manufactured by NIKKISO CO., LTD. When the dewatering system well is large, a pump may be used of which a discharge rate is 700 m 3 /h to 800 m 3 /h and a lifting height is 500 meters to 600 meters. [0037] The net preferably has smaller diameter than that 25 of an average diameter of the water-containing material. A condition of the cyclone may be appropriately adjusted. However, a numerical range thereof is difficult to be specified. A pressure condition of the decompression device is as described above. A condition of the heating 30 device, which depends on a pressure, is such that a temperature set thereby may be about an ordinary temperature, generally about at 0 degree centigrade to 50 degrees centigrade, and preferably about at 10 degrees 21 centigrade to 40 degrees centigrade. [0038] The centrifuge is useful in solid-liquid separation (separation of water-containing material and water). The centrifugal separation may be in a continuous 5 method or in a batch method. From the viewpoint of separating efficiency, the batch method is preferable. In the batch method, a condition of the centrifugal may be appropriately determined according to the centrifugal and weights of the object of centrifugal operation. For 10 example, when "HB-55" (trade name) manufactured by Saito Separator Limited is used, solid-liquid separation can be performed 5 times (batch) every hour, and 400 kg/batch in 10 minutes each time. [0039] When the water-containing material is brown coal, 15 an example of a separating process is as follows. (Example 1: normal pressure separation (solid-liquid-gas separation and then solid-liquid separation)) [Fig. 4] Flash decompression is performed on the DME-water containing material under a pressurization condition in 20 which a pressure thereof is higher than a saturated vapor pressure (about 6 atmospheres at an ordinary temperature) so that the pressure is returned to be a normal pressure (1 atmosphere), and then, DME gas is separated therefrom (gas separation). Then, centrifugal separation of the dewatered 25 brown coal and the water is performed (solid-liquid separation). [0040] (Example 2: pressure separation) [Fig. 5] The DME-water-containing material under a pressurized condition in which a pressure thereof is higher than a 30 saturated vapor pressure (for example, about 6 atmospheres at an ordinary temperature) is supplied to a hydraulic cyclone, while maintaining the pressurized condition, thereby separated into: water-containing DME and remaining 22 dewatered brown coal; and dewatered brown coal to which water is attached. When a filling pressure of the DME water-containing material into the hydraulic cyclone is not large enough, a pump such as a non-seal pressure-resistant 5 pump is provided as a blowing pump so as to maintain the pressurization condition by controlling a discharge rate and a lifting height of the pump. When a hydraulic cyclone is used, a separating rate is about 90 percent. The water containing DME and the remaining dewatered brown coal are 10 slightly decompressed so that a pressure thereof is lower than a saturated vapor pressure (that is, about 5 atmospheres at an ordinary temperature), and then, are separated into DME gas and water by the gas separator. The water is refined by separation employing the net and by 15 precipitation-separation, and then remaining dewatered brown coal is picked out. The flash decompression is performed on the dewatered brown coal to which water is attached so that a pressure thereof is about 1 atmosphere, thereby separating DME gas therefrom, and then, the 20 dewatered brown coal to which water is attached is separated into water and dewatered brown coal by performing centrifugal separation. The DME gas is recovered, pressurized, and is connected to a DME transfer pipe. Then, the DME gas is mixed into the DME gas separated and 25 recovered by the hydraulic cyclone and the decompression. Thus, the DME gas can be recycled for dewatering in the dewatering system well. A distillation tower incorporating a heat exchanging condenser may be used as a distillation tower by which DME 30 is recovered. [0041] (Example 3: normal pressure separation) [Fig. 6] The flash decompression is performed on the DME-water containing material under a pressurization condition in 23 which a pressure thereof is higher than a saturated vapor pressure (about 6 atmospheres at an ordinary temperature) so that the pressure is returned to be a normal pressure (1 atmosphere). Thus, DME gas is separated from brown coal 5 and water (gas separation). Then, net separation is performed so that the DME-water-containing material is separated into dewatered brown coal and water. The centrifugal separation is performed so that the dewatered brown coal is separated into dewatered brown coal and water. 10 Meanwhile, the water and the DME gas are separated into vapor and liquid by the gas separator. [0042] The system according to the present invention may be further equipped with a compressor and a condenser. In this case, the compressor, the condenser, and the 15 separating device are connected by the DME transfer pipe. By providing the system with the compressor and the condenser, vaporized DME separated by the separating device can be liquefied and reused for dewatering in the dewatering system well. 20 [0043] The DME transfer pipe is a pipe by which the compressor, the condenser, and the separating device are connected, thereby circulating the DME within the system. [0044] The compressor is a part for compressing the DME. The condenser is a part for cooling the DME compressed by 25 the compressor, thereby liquefying the DME. The DME filling pipe is connected to the condenser. Thus, the DME liquefied by the condenser can be introduced into the dewatering system well. [0045) When water-containing material, for example, 30 brown coal is dewatered by using the dewatering system according to the present invention, the following reactions occur in the contact portion of the dewatering system well, according to a location (depth) (see Figs. 1 to 3). A 24 "depth" means a depth assuming that the depth from the top part of the dewatering system well to the deepest part thereof is 100 meters, and the depth of the opening of the water-containing material filling pipe is 80 meters in the 5 vertical well shown in Fig. 2 and is 100 meters in the generally U shaped well shown in Fig. t. A saturated vapor pressure and a saturation solubility of the DME fluctuate according to an environment condition such as temperature. Zones described bellow are generally categorized, assuming 10 that a water saturation solubility of DME is 7 percent to 8 percent, a temperature of DME is 20 degrees centigrade to 40 degrees centigrade, and a specific gravity of DME is 0.661. The present invention, however, is not limited thereto. 15 [0046] (I) A liquefied DME zone (in the vertical well: a depth 0 meter to 100 meters, and a depth 80 meters to 100 meters (Fig. 2), in the U shaped well: a depth 0 meter to 100 meters (Fig. 1), not present in the U shaped well shown in Fig. 3) 20 This is a zone in which DME is present alone until the liquefied DME introduced through the DME filling pipe is mixed with the brown coal underground. DME is generally in a state of liquid. The liquefied DME moves in the direction of the bottom part of the well due to the gravity, 25 and moves upwards due to the continuous fluidity thereof. [0047] (II) A brown coal liquefied DME layer staying zone (depth: 5 meters to 100 meters) This is a zone in which the brown coal and the DME are brought into contact with each other, thereby performing 30 dewatering. A part of the liquefied DME is turned into water-containing DME (that is, water-containing liquefied DME). The DME is pushed upwards due to the continuous fluidity thereof.
25 [0048] (III) A brown coal dewatering completion zone (depth: 5 meters to 50 meters) This is a zone in which a moisture absorption amount of the DME is saturated. A most part of the zone is 5 occupied by the water-containing DME, and the liquefied DME is hardly present, or is not present at all. The DME is pushed upwards due to the continuous fluidity thereof. [0049] (IV) A DME vaporization zone (depth: 0 meter to 5 meters) 10 This is a zone in which a pressure within the contact portion decreases when the water-containing DME moves upwards. Thus, a minute amount of the DME is vaporized, and a buoyant force thereof increases accordingly. The water-containing DME and the DME gas are present in a mixed 15 manner therein. Thus, a pressure at a water-containing material outlet is slightly lower than a pressure at the opening of the DME filling pipe. The DME is pushed upwards due to the buoyant force thereof. Water that is once dissolved in the DME is separated therefrom when a 20 saturation solubility of DME fluctuates or DME is vaporized. Saturation solubility and a saturated vapor pressure of the DME are sensitive to temperature. Therefore, depth in the above zone categorization largely fluctuates according to temperature and pressure condition. 25 [0050] In the present invention, a temperature measuring sensor may be installed in the dewatering system well or in various parts thereof. Thu-s, operating condition thereof can be controlled by monitoring the condition online. [First Embodiment] 30 [0051] A dewatering system of water-containing material according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a method of dewatering water-containing material employing the dewatering system are described below with 26 reference to corresponding drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic depicting a configuration of a dewatering system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 5 As shown in Fig. 1, the dewatering system according to the first embodiment has a U shaped dewatering system well. That is, this dewatering system well 11 is U shaped. Seen from a side of the U shaped dewatering system well 11, a DME filling pipe 12 is connected to the dewatering system 10 well 11 from a right top part. A water-containing material filling pipe 131 is also inserted from the right top part of the dewatering system well 11 into the interior thereof, and has an opening 13 at the bottom. An area of the dewatering system well 11 being the area other than that 15 occupied by the water-containing material filling pipe (a part between an inner pipe and an outer pipe of a double pipe) and extending to a returning part 121 of the U-shaped dewatering system well 11 forms a passage through which DME is filled. A brown coal filling device 132 and a hopper 20 133 are connected to the water-containing material filling pipe 131. Meanwhile, a DME-water-containing material outlet 14 opens at the left top part of the dewatering system well 11, and opens to a DME-water-containing material separating device 15. An area of the dewatering 25 system well 11 that is located downstream than an opening of the DME filling pipe and extends to the DME-water containing material outlet 14 forms a contact portion llA. [00521 In the dewatering system according to the present embodiment, a most part of the U shaped dewatering system 30 well 11 is buried underground. Connecting portions at a tip of the U shaped well connected to: the separating device 15; the brown coal filling device 132; and the DME filling pipe 12, respectively, are situated above the 27 ground. A compressor-condenser 41 is installed above the ground, and is connected to the separating device 15 through a DME transfer pipe 42. The compressor-condenser 41 is also connected to the DME filling pipe 12. A DME 5 tank 43 in which liquefied DME is accumulated is connected to the DME filling pipe 12 via a valve. Therefore, the DME sent from the DME filling pipe 12 to the dewatering system well 11 is the liquefied DME recycled by the compressor condenser 41 or liquefied DME newly added by the DME tank 10 4 for making up the loss generated during a dewatering process. [0053] In the brown coal filling device 132, a normal pressure injection method device or a pressure injection method device is used according to a pressure upon filling 15 brown coal into the filling device. In the case of the normal pressure injection, brown coal may be slurried and then, filled into the filling device. A device, for example, a pump such as a mohno pump; a compressor; and a feeder, may be used as needed when, for example, an 20 injection force is not large enough. A pump such as mohno pumps ("2NE30" (trade name: discharge rate 0.43 m 3 /h to 3 m 3 /h, discharge pressure 8 atmospheres) and "2NE150" (trade name: discharge rate 18.5 m 3 /h to 139 n 3 /h) manufactured by HEISHIN Ltd) may be used according to a scale in which the 25 system according to the present invention is demonstrated. A larger scale pump may be installed as needed. On the other hand, the pressure injection method may be used when, a) liquefied DME is used (Fig. 7) and b) gas such as nitrogen is used (Fig. 8). 30 [0054] a) In pressure injection method in which liquefied DME is used (Fig. 7), (1) a lid 57 of a pressure tank is opened, and then, brown coal is filled into the pressure tank 51. Then, (2) the lid 57 of the pressure 28 tank is closed, and valves 53a, 53b, and 53c mounted on a discharge pipe 52 are opened. Thus, air in the pressure tank 51 is removed, thereby decompressing the interior of the tank 51. (3) The valves 53a, 53b, and 53c are closed, 5 and valves 55a and 55b between the pressure tank 51 and a filling pipe 54 are opened. Thus, liquefied DME is filled into the interior of the pressure tank 51 through the filling pipe 54. Due to this operation, the brown coal is slurried in the pressure tank 51. (4) The valves 55a and 10 55b are closed, a valve 56 between the pressure tank 51 and the dewatering system well 11 (that is closed during (1) to (3)) is opened. Thus, the slurried brown coal falls into the water-containing material filling pipe 13 (the dewatering system well 11). In the dewatering system well 15 11, liquefied DME is filled. Thus, the brown coal falls, due to the gravity and the specific gravity thereof, into the water-containing material filling pipe, and then, into the dewatering system well. If a pressing force is not large enough here, a screw feeder may be used. (5) As soon 20 as the filling is completed, the valve 56 is closed, and valves 59a and 59b are opened. Thus, the liquefied DME contained in the pressure tank 51 is discharged through the discharge pipe 58. (6) Then, the valves 53a, 53b, and 53d are opened so that the pressure tank 51 is vacuumed. Thus, 25 the gas DME remaining in the tank is sent to the discharge pipe 52, thereby discharging the same. The operation is repeated from (1) as needed. [0055] b) In injection method in which gas such as nitrogen is used (Fig. 8), (1) a lid 67 of a pressure tank 30 is opened, and then, brown coal is filled into the pressure tank 61. Then, (2) the lid 67 of the pressure tank is closed, and valves 63a and 63b mounted on a discharge pipe 62 are opened. Thus, air contained in the pressure tank 61 29 is removed therefrom, thereby decompressing the interior of the tank. (3) The valves 63a and 63b are closed, and valves 65a, 65b, and 65c between the pressure tank 61 and a filling pipe 64a are opened. Thus, nitrogen is filled into 5 the interior of the pressure tank 61 through the filling pipe 64afrom a nitrogen high-pressure tank 68. (4) A valve 65 is closed, and a valve 66 between the pressure tank 61 and the dewatering system well 11 that is closed during (1) to (3) is opened. Thus, the brown coal falls into the 10 water-containing material filling pipe 13 (the dewatering system well 11). Due to the operation, the brown coal falls into the water-containing material filling pipe, and is slurried with the liquefied DME penetrated into the pipe or slurried with water extracted from a part of the brown r 15 coal because of the weight thereof. Pressures within an including material filling pipe and the pressure tank are adjusted so that the brown coal that fell into the including material filling pipe is discharged into the contact portion. If a pressing force into the contact 20 portion is not large enough, a screw feeder may be used. (5) As soon as the filling is completed, the valve 66 is closed, and the valves 65a, 65b, and 65d are opened. Then, the pressure tank 61 is vacuumed. Thus, the nitrogen remaining in the tank is sent to a pipe 64b, and then, to a 25 compressor 69. The nitrogen recovered by the compressor 69 is sent to the nitrogen high-pressure tank 68 through a pipe 64c to be reused as needed. The operation is repeated from (1) as needed. [0056] Each of the devices described above may be 30 installed alone, or a plurality of the devices may be installed. When a plurality of devices is installed, each device can perform injection in a shifted cycle. Thus, continuous injection can be performed using the devices.
30 [0057] An electrical submersible pump (not shown) may be installed in the dewatering system well 11 as needed. When the ESP is installed, the contents within the pipe can be moved upwards, thereby feeding the same toward the side 5 of the DME-water-containing material outlet 14. Thus, the feeding facilitates drawing up of the DME-water-containing material within the pipe 11, thereby facilitating the transfer of the same to the separating device 15. A hot water pipe or a gas DME injection device may be installed 10 at an arbitrary position between the bottom of the contact portion llA and the vicinity of the DME-water-containing material outlet 14. [0058] The separating device 15 performs separation in any one of the methods shown in Examples 1 to 3. 15 [0059] In the dewatering system according to the present embodiment, a pressure temperature measuring sensor (not shown) is installed in the dewatering system well. Thus, the dewatering system well llA can be monitored online from outside. 20 [0060] Flow of the DME and the water-containing material in the present embodiment is described below. Liquefied DME is supplied from a DME inlet 121 of the DME filling pipe 12 into the dewatering system well 11, and brown coal slurry is supplied from the brown coal filling 25 device 132 into the contact portion llA of the dewatering system well 11 via a water-containing material inlet 13. The liquefied DME is only the DME liquefied by the compressor-condenser 41, or the DME liquefied thereby and the liquefied DME newly added by the DME tank. In the 30 contact portion llA, the liquefied DME and the brown coal are brought into contact with each other, and then, moisture contained in the brown coal is dissolved. A part of the moisture is vaporized near the DME-water-containing 31 material outlet 14, thereby forming gas DME. A portion of the DME-water-containing material that reaches the DME water-containing material outlet 14, which is the U shaped left end, to be discharged therefrom is separated by the 5 separating device 15 under the pressurized condition or under the normal pressure condition by using combination of the flash decompression, the centrifugal separation, the hydraulic cyclone, and the like. (see Examples 1 to 3). The dewatered brown coal and the moisture is discharged 10 from the separating device 15, and the gas DME is sent to the compressor-condenser 41 through the DME transfer pipe 42 so that the gas DME is turned into liquefied DME again. The liquefied DME is sent to the dewatering system well 11. Thus, the liquefied DME is recycled. 15 [Second Embodiment] [0061] A dewatering system of water-containing material according to a second embodiment of the present invention and a method of dewatering water-containing material employing the dewatering system are described below with 20 reference to Fig. 2. The dewatering system according to the present embodiment is generally identical to the configuration of the dewatering system according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, the same reference numerals 25 are used for structures identical to those of the dewatering system according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and duplicated descriptions are omitted. Fig. 2 is a schematic depicting a configuration of the dewatering system according to the second embodiment. 30 As shown in Fig. 2, the dewatering system according to the second embodiment has a vertically cylindrical shaped dewatering system well. This dewatering system well 21 is vertically 32 cylindrical shaped. A DME filling pipe 22 is inserted into the dewatering system well 21 from the topmost part thereof. The dewatering system well 21 has openings 221A and 221B at the bottom part thereof. A water-containing material 5 filling pipe 231 extended from a brown coal filling device 232 is inserted into the dewatering system well 21 from the top part of the dewatering system well 21. The water containing material filling pipe 231 opens slightly above the openings 221A and 221B (openings 23A and 23B) of the 10 dewatering system well. The screw feeder is installed near the openings 23A and 23B. A DME-water-containing material separating device 25 and the dewatering system well 21 communicate with each other through a DME-water-containing material outlet 24. The DME filling pipe 22 extends 15 further than the water-containing material filling pipe 231 to reach the vicinity of the bottom part of the dewatering system well 21. [0062] In the dewatering system according to the present embodiment, a most part of the vertically cylindrical 20 shaped dewatering system well 21 is buried underground. Meanwhile, connecting portions at the top part of the vertically cylindrical shaped dewatering system well connected to: the separating device 25; the brown coal filling device 232; and the DME filling pipe 22, 25 respectively, are disposed above the ground. The compressor-condenser 41 is installed above the ground, and is connected to the separating device 25 through the DME transfer pipe 42. The compressor-condenser 41 is connected to the DME filling pipe 22. The DME tank J3 is connected 30 to the DME filling pipe 22 via a valve. Therefore, the DME sent from the DME filling pipe 22 to the dewatering system well 21 is the liquefied DME newly added by the DME tank 43, or the liquefied DME recycled by the compressor-condenser 33 41. (0063] The brown coal filling device 232 is, as described with the device 132 in the first embodiment, is a normal pressure injection method device or a pressure 5 injection method device. [0064] The electrical submersible pump (not shown) may be installed in the dewatering system well 21 as needed. When the ESP is installed therein, the contents within a pipe 21A can be moved upwards, thereby feeding the same 10 toward the side of the DME-water-containing material outlet 24. Thus, the feeding facilitates drawing up of the DME water-containing material within the pipe 21A, thereby facilitating the transfer of the same to the separating device 25. 15 [0065] The separating device 25 performs separation in any one of the methods shown in Examples 1 to 3. [0066] Flow of the DME and the water-containing material in the present embodiment is described below. Liquefied DME is supplied from a DME inlet 221 of the 20 DME filling pipe 22 into the dewatering system well 21. The brown coal sent to the brown coal filling device 232 is supplied from the device 232 to a contact portion 21A of the dewatering system well 21 via a water-containing material inlet 23. The liquefied DME is only the liquefied 25 DME liquefied by the compressor-condenser 41, or the DME liquefied thereby and the liquefied DME newly added by the DME tank. In the contact portion 21A, the liquefied DME and the brown coal are brought into contact with each other, and then, moisture contained in the brown coal is dissolved. 30 A part of the moisture is vaporized near the DME-water containing material outlet 24, thereby forming gas DME. A portion of the DME-water-containing material that reaches the DME-water-containing material outlet 24, 34 to be discharged therefrom is separated by the separating device under a pressurized condition or under a normal pressure condition by using combination of the flash decompression, the centrifugal 5 separation, and the like (see Examples 1 to 3). The dewatered brown coal and the moisture is discharged from the separating device 25, and the gas DME is sent to the compressor-condenser 41 through the DME transfer pipe 42 so that the gas DME is turned into liquefied DME again. The 10 liquefied DME is sent to the dewatering system well 21. Thus, the liquefied DME is recycled. [Third Embodiment] [0067] A dewatering system of water-containing material according to a third embodiment of the present invention 15 and a method of dewatering water-containing material employing the dewatering system are described below with reference to Fig. 3. The dewatering system according to the present embodiment has a configuration generally identical to that 20 of the dewatering system according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for structures identical to those of the dewatering system according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and duplicated descriptions are omitted. 25 Fig. 3 is a schematic for depicting a configuration of the dewatering system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 3, the dewatering system according to the third embodiment includes a U shaped dewatering system 30 well. In the dewatering system according to the present embodiment, a DME filling pipe 32 is connected to a right top part of the dewatering system well 11, and has an 35 opening 321. A water-containing material filling pipe 33 is also connected to the right top part, and has an opening 331. Therefore, in the system according to the present embodiment, the whole dewatering system well 11 forms a 5 contact portion llA". The brown coal filling device 132 and the hopper 133 are connected to the water-containing material filling pipe ?3. The brown coal filling device 132 and the DME transfer pipe 42 are connected to each other through a pipe 43, and DME gas that is used for 10 slurrying upon filling the brown coal and discharge is sent to the compressor 41 through the pipe 43 and the DME transfer pipe. The DME gas is liquefied again, and thus, can be used for dewatering in the dewatering system well 11. [Fourth Embodiment] 15 [0068] A dewatering system of water-containing material according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention and a method of dewatering water-containing material employing the dewatering system are described below with reference to Figs. 9 and 10. 20 In the present embodiment, brown coal is used for description as coal. Fig. 9 is a schematic for depicting a configuration of the dewatering system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 25 As shown in Fig. 9, the dewatering system according to the fourth embodiment is configured so that the dewatering system well of the dewatering system according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is installed above the ground. [0069] This dewatering system 70 according to the fourth 30 embodiment includes a DME filling pipe (DME supplying unit) 71 that supplies DME in a state of liquid (hereinafter, "liquefied DME"); a brown coal supplying unit 72 that supplies brown coal; a contact portion 73 in which brown 36 coal supplied by the brown coal supplying unit 72 and DME supplied by the DME filling pipe 71 are pressurized and brought into contact with each other; a dewaterer 74 that is connected to the contact portion 73 and in which 5 moisture contained in the brown coal is absorbed in the DME, and thus, the brown coal is dewatered; a hydraulic cyclone 75 that separates water-containing liquefied DME that has absorbed moisture and discharged from the dewaterer 74 from the brown coal; an evaporator 76 in which DME contained in 10 the water-containing liquefied DME is evaporated and that separates the DME from moisture contained in the DME; a DME transfer pipe 77 that extracts vaporized gas DME in the evaporator 76; a pressure blower (pressurizing unit) 78 that is connected to the DME transfer pipe 77 and 15 pressurizes the gas DME; a DME condensing pipe 79 that condenses the gaseous DME pressurized by the pressure blower 78; a condensate tank 80 in which condensed liquefied DME is stored; and a liquefied DME delivery pipe 82 that delivers the condensed liquefied DME to an 20 intermediate tank 81 in which liquefied DME that is delivered to the contact portion 73 is stored. [0070] The DME filling pipe 71 and a water-containing material filling pipe 431 are connected to the contact portion 73 that is connected to a bottom part 74a located 25 on the bottom side of the dewaterer 74, and a DME-water containing material outlet 92 is provided in a top part 74b located on the other side. [0071] The brown coal supplying unit 72 is composed of a conveyer 83 that transports crushed brown coal; a brown 30 coal storage tank 84 in which the brown coal transported by the conveyer 83 is stored; a conveyer 85 that transports the brown coal stored in the brown coal storage tank 84; a hopper 333 that receives the brown coal from the brown coal 37 storage tank 84; and a brown coal filling tank 86 in which the brown coal received by the hopper 333 is pressurized and stored. In the present embodiment, brown coal previously 5 crushed is used. A crushing unit may, however, be installed before the brown coal storage tank 84, and brown coal crushed thereby may be supplied to the brown coal storage tank 84. [0072] For example, landed brown coal is transferred to 10 the brown coal storage tank 84 by the conveyer 83 to be stored therein. The brown coal is transported to the hopper 333 by the conveyer 85, and then, is supplied to the brown coal filling tank 86. Supply of the brown coal from the hopper 333 to the brown coal filling tank 86 is 15 controlled by opening and closing of a valve Vl. In the present embodiment, brown coal previously crushed is used. [0073] The water-containing material filling pipe 431 that is connected to the brown coal filling tank 86 is connected to an upper part of the contact portion 73, and 20 thus, brown coal is supplied from the brown coal filling tank 86 into the interior of the contact portion 73 from above through the water-containing material filling pipe 431 by a screw feeder 87. Supply of the brown coal from the water-containing material filling pipe 431 to the 25 contact portion 73 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V2. [0074] The DME filling pipe 71 is connected to the contact portion 73, and thus, liquefied DME is supplied to the contact portion 73 through the DME filling pipe 71. 30 The liquefied DME is only the DME that is liquefied by the evaporator 76 and that is stored in the intermediate tank 81, or the mixture of the DME that is stored in the intermediate tank 81 and the DME that is newly added by the 38 DME tank 88 and that is stored in the intermediate tank 81. The amount of the brown coal supplied from the DME filling pipe 71 to the contact portion 73 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V3. 5 [0075] The contact portion 73 has a pressurizing unit (not shown), and thus, brown coal and liquefied DME are pressurized and mixed in the contact portion 73. The brown coal and the liquefied DME that are pressurized and mixed are supplied from the bottom part 74a located on the bottom 10 side of the dewaterer 74. In the contact portion 73 or in the bottom part 74a, the brown coal and the liquefied DME are brought into contact with each other, for example, at a temperature of about 35 degrees centigrade and at a pressure of 8 atmospheres to 13 atmospheres. 15 [0076] The liquefied DME may be supplied to the bottom part 74a through a DME filling branch pipe 89, and then, the brown coal and the liquefied DME may be pressurized and mixed. In this case, supply of the liquefied DME from the DME filling branch pipe 89 to the bottom part 74a is 20 controlled by opening and closing of a valve V4. [0077] In the contact portion 73, after the liquefied DME and the brown coal are mixed with each other, the mixture thereof is supplied from a DME-water-containing material inflow entrance 91 to the bottom part 74a of the 25 dewaterer 74 through a DME-water-containing material supply passage 90. In this case, supply of the liquefied DME from the contact portion 73 to the bottom part 74a is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V5. The mixture of the brown coal and the liquefied DME 30 may be supplied to the dewaterer 74 that is filled with liquefied DME, in a batch method or a semi-batch method. After this, dewatering, separation, and the like are consecutively performed. Therefore, the valve V5 that is 39 installed for dewatering, separation, and the like is a flow control valve by which adverse flow is prevented. [0078] As the liquefied DME and the brown coal go upwards in the dewaterer 74, moisture contained in the 5 brown coal is gradually absorbed by the liquefied DME, and thus, the brown coal is dewatered. [0079] Because the liquefied DME and the brown coal. are mixed with each other, moisture contained in the brown coal is dissolved and absorbed by the liquefied DME. Thus, the 10 liquefied DME partly turns into liquefied DME containing moisture (that is, water-containing liquefied DME). Then, the water-containing liquefied DME is pushed in the upward direction of the dewaterer 74 due to the continuous fluidity thereof. 15 [0080] As the water-containing liquefied DME goes upwards, the moisture absorption amount of the liquefied DME is gradually saturated. Thus, a most part of the dewaterer 74 is gradually occupied by the water-containing liquefied DME, and the liquefied DME gradually decreases so 20 that the liquefied DME is hardly present or not present at all therein. The water-containing liquefied DME is pushed in the upward direction of the dewaterer 74 due to the continuous fluidity thereof. [0081] In the dewaterer 74, as the water-containing 25 liquefied DME goes upwards, a pressure within the dewaterer 74 decreases. Thus, a minute amount of liquefied DME is vaporized, thereby generating DME gas (gas DME). Thus, a pressure near a DME-water-containing material outlet 92 is slightly lower than a pressure at the bottom part 74a of 30 the dewaterer 74. Therefore, buoyant forces of the water containing liquefied DME and the gas DME in the dewaterer 74 increase further, the water-containing liquefied DME and the gas DME go upwards in the dewaterer 74 to reach an exit 40 thereof, and then, are discharged from the DME-water containing material outlet 92. A warming device may be mounted on the dewaterer 74 so that a temperature within the dewaterer 74 can be controlled, the moisture absorption 5 amount of the liquefied DME can be increased, the DME can be vaporized, and a buoyant force of the DME can be increased, for example. A pressure near the DME-water-containing material outlet 92 decreases according to the amount of liquefied 10 DME turned into gas DME. A temperature and a pressure near the DME-water containing material outlet 92 are respectively about 45 degrees centigrade and about 10 atmospheres. [0082] Moisture that has once dissolved into liquefied 15 DME is separated therefrom when a saturation solubility of DME fluctuates or when DME is vaporized. Saturation solubility and a saturated vapor pressure of liquefied DME are sensitive to temperature. Therefore, in the dewaterer 74, a position at which the moisture absorption amount of 20 liquefied DME is saturated, a position at which liquefied DME is vaporized, and the like fluctuate according to temperature and pressure condition of the liquefied DME in the dewaterer 74. [0083] The dewaterer 74 and the hydraulic cyclone 75 are 25 connected to each other through a DME-water-containing material discharge passage 93 that is provided to the DME water-containing material outlet 92. The water-containing liquefied DME, the gas DME, the moisture, and the dewatered brown coal discharged from the DME-water-containing 30 material outlet 92 are delivered to the hydraulic cyclone 75 through the DME-water-containing material discharge passage 93. Flow of the water-containing liquefied DME, the gas DME, the moisture, and the dewatered brown coal 41 supplied from the dewaterer 74 to the hydraulic cyclone 75 is controlled by a valve V6. [0084] In the hydraulic cyclone 75, the water-containing liquefied DME, the gas DME, and the moisture are separated 5 from the dewatered brown coal all of which are discharged from the DME-water-containing material outlet 92 and delivered to the hydraulic cyclone 75 through the DME water-containing material discharge passage 93. The water containing liquefied DME, the gas DME, and the moisture are 10 delivered to the evaporator 76 through a water-containing DME separating passage 94. Flow of the water-containing liquefied DME, the gas DME, and the moisture supplied from the water-containing DME separating passage 94 to the evaporator 76 is controlled by a valve V7. 15 A known hydraulic cyclone may be used as the hydraulic cyclone 75. A general configuration thereof is disclosed in, for example, JP 2007-90165 A, JP 2007-54776 A, and JP 2007-38200 A. [0085] The brown coal separated by the hydraulic cyclone 20 75 is extracted through a brown coal extract passage 95, and then, is delivered to a brown coal takeout tank 96. A pressure within the brown coal takeout tank 96 is decompressed to be nearly a normal pressure. The dewatered brown coal stored in the brown coal takeout tank 96 is 25 transported by a screw feeder 97 to a dewatered brown coal conveyor 98. Supply of the dewatered brown coal from the hydraulic cyclone 75 to the brown coal takeout tank 96 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V8. Supply of the dewatered brown coal from the brown coal takeout tank 30 96 to the dewatered brown coal conveyor 98 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V9. [0086] The water-containing liquefied DME, the gas DME, and the moisture delivered to the evaporator 76 is 42 separated into gas DME and moisture in the evaporator 76. In the evaporator, for example, a temperature is about 25 degrees centigrade, and a pressure is about 5 atmospheres. The gas DME is extracted from a top part of the evaporator 5 76 through the DME transfer pipe 77, and pressurized by the pressure blower 78 so that, for example, a temperature thereof is about 39 degrees centigrade and a pressure thereof is about 8 atmospheres. The evaporator 76 is double structured and has what is 10 called a shell-and-tube structure. A narrow DME condensing pipe 79 runs through the inside of the evaporator 76. [0087] The pressurized gas DME is delivered to a vapor pressure control tank 100 through a gas DME recovery pipe 99, and thus, is recovered. Then, the gas DME is delivered 15 to the DME condensing pipe 79 that runs through the inside of the evaporator 76 from.the upper side of the evaporator 76, and heat exchange is performed between an vaporization heat that is generated due to vaporization of the water containing liquefied DME that flows downwards from an upper 20 part of the evaporator 76 and the gas DME. Thus, the gas DME is condensed. Flow of the gas DME supplied from the pressure blower 78 to the vapor pressure control tank 100 is controlled by a valve V10, and flow of the gas DME supplied from the vapor pressure control tank 100 to the 25 evaporator 76 is controlled by a valve Vll. [0088] The liquefied DME flows from the upper part of the evaporator 76 towards the bottom part thereof through the DME condensing pipe 79, and is discharged from the bottom side of the evaporator 76. Then, the liquefied DME 30 is stored in the condensate tank 80. [0089] The condensed liquefied DME is delivered to the intermediate tank 81 from the condensate tank 80 through the liquefied DME delivery pipe 82 by a pump P1. Supply of 43 the liquefied DME from the condensate tank 80 to the intermediate tank 81 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V13. [0090] Liquefied DME is newly supplied to the DME tank 5 88 by, for example, a tanker. The liquefied DME newly added to the DME tank 88 is delivered to the intermediate tank 81 through a DME supply pipe 102 by a pump P2. Then, the liquefied DME stored in the intermediate tank 81 is supplied to the contact portion 73 through the DME filling 10 pipe 71 by a pump P3. [0091] Thus, according to a configuration of the present embodiment, it is possible that, in the dewaterer 74, moisture is absorbed from the brown coal to the liquefied DME efficiently in low energy, thereby dewatering the brown 15 coal. It is also possible that, in the evaporator 76, moisture is removed from the water-containing liquefied DME discharged from the dewaterer 74, and is recovered, as well as the gas DME is liquefied, thereby recovering the gas DME into liquefied DME. Thus, the recovered liquefied DME is 20 again delivered to the dewaterer 74, thus, can be recycled. Therefore, the liquefied DME can be reused efficiently in dewatering brown coal in the dewaterer 74. [0092] The liquefied DME in the DME tank 88 or the intermediate tank 81 is cooled by cooling media such as 25 cooling water 103 and 104. [0093] The liquefied DME supplied to the DME tank 88 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V14, and supply of the liquefied DME from the DME tank 88 to the intermediate tank 81 is controlled by opening and closing 30 of a valve V15. Amounts of the liquefied DME supplied from the intermediate tank 81 to the contact portion 73 and from the intermediate tank 81 to the dewaterer 74 can be controlled by valves V16 and V17, respectively.
44 [0094] The liquefied DME stored in the intermediate tank 81 may be returned to the intermediate tank 81. In this case, the valve V17 is closed and the valves V16 and 18 are opened. 5 [0095] Separated water accumulated in the bottom part of the brown coal takeout tank 96 is extracted through a separated water extract pipe 105, is filtered through a filter 106, and then, is delivered to a final gas separating tank 107 by a pump P4. In the final gas 10 separating tank 107, gas DME contained in the separated water is separated therefrom, is pressurized by the pressure blower 109 through the gas DME recovery passage 108, and then, is delivered to the vapor pressure control tank 100. The separated water discharged from the brown 15 coal takeout tank 96 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V19, and the gas DME that flows through the gas DME recovery passage 108 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V20. On the other hand, the separated water from which gas DME is finally removed in the final 20 gas separating tank 107 is discharged into a discharge tank. [0096] Similarly, the gas DME that is generated in the contact portion 73 and is taken out from the water containing material filling pipe 431, and the gas DME that is taken out from the brown coal takeout tank 96 also merge 25 into the gas DME recovery passage 108 through the gas DME recovery passages 110 and 111, and then, is delivered to the pressure blower 109. The gas DME taken out from the water-containing material filling pipe 431 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V21, and the gas DME taken 30 out from the brown coal takeout tank 96 is controlled by opening and closing of a valve V22. [0097] A part of the separated water accumulated at the bottom part of the evaporator 76 is re-supplied to the 45 upper part of the evaporator 76 through the separated water circulating passage 101 by a pump P5, thereby: facilitating heat exchange between the water-containing liquefied DME in the evaporator 76 and the gas DME in the DME condensing 5 pipe 79; bringing the water-containing liquefied DME and the DME condensing pipe into contact with each other evenly; preventing the remaining dewatered brown coal from being clogged that is not separated in the hydraulic cyclone 75 and is left therein and that is supplied to the 10 evaporator 76; and maintaining a liquid flow of the water containing liquefied DME, the moisture, and the like. Upon re-supplying a part of the separated water, the amount of the separated water taken out from the evaporator 76 to the separated water circulating passage 101 is controlled by 15 opening and closing of a valve V23. [0098] The remaining dewatered brown coal that has not been separated in the hydraulic cyclone 75 is delivered to the evaporator 76 along with the water-containing liquefied DME. Therefore, the remaining dewatered brown coal is 20 accumulated in the bottom part of the evaporator 76 along with the separated water that is generated due to evaporation of the water-containing liquefied DME. Therefore, the brown coal accumulated in the bottom part of the evaporator 76 is collected in the brown coal takeout 25 tank 96 from the bottom part of the evaporator 76 by a screw feeder 112. In this case, a valve V24 is opened, and the brown coal at the bottom part of the evaporator 76 is collected in the brown coal takeout tank 96. [0099] Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view for 30 depicting a configuration of the dewatering system according to the fourth embodiment. As shown in Fig. 10, the dewatering system 70 according to the present embodiment is installed in a building 123, and is 46 controlled by a control panel 114. A set of the brown coal supplying unit 72, the contact portion 73, and the like may be provided in a plurality (two sets are provided in an embodiment shown in Fig. 10). Thus, consecutiveness of 5 brown coal supply to the dewaterer 74 can be enhanced. [0100] The dewaterer 74 extends from the side of the ground toward the ceiling of the building 123 along the inner wall thereof in a spiral manner. The DME filling pipe 71 and the water-containing material filling pipes 431 10 are connected to the contact portions 73 that are connected to the bottom part 74a, which is a bottom portion of the dewaterer 74, and a DME-water-containing material outlet 92 is provided at the top part 74b on the other side thereof. A height of the dewatering system 70 shown in Fig. 10 15 is 20 meters. As described above, a depth thereof is 100 meters in the case of underground installation to secure enough pressure. An optimum height of above-the-ground type building or an optimum depth of an underground type building may be appropriately set up according to 20 conditions such as time required for dewatering brown coal and a flow speed of fluid such as liquefied DME. A part or the whole of the above-the-ground type dewatering system shown in Figs. 9 and 10 may be installed underground. 25 [0101] The hydraulic cyclone 75 is connected to the DME water-containing material outlet 92 through the DME-water containing material discharge passage 93, and the dewatered brown coal separated at the hydraulic cyclone 75 is taken out through the brown coal extract passage 95, and is 30 stored in the brown coal takeout tank 96. The brown coal stored in the brown coal takeout tank 96 is transported out of the building 123 by the dewatered brown coal conveyor 98. [0102] The water-containing liquefied DME, the gas DME, 47 and the moisture separated in the hydraulic cyclone 75 is delivered to the evaporator 76 through the water-containing DME separating passage 94. The water-containing liquefied DME is vaporized in the evaporator 76, and thus, the gas 5 DME and the moisture are separated. The gas DME is collected from the upper part of the evaporator. After adjusting a pressure thereof, the gas DME is injected into the DME condensing pipe 79 installed in the evaporator 76. Then, the gas DME is liquefied due to heat exchange between 10 a vaporization heat of the water-containing liquefied DME and the gas DME, and thus, the gas DME is recovered to be liquefied DME. (0103] The contact portion 73 according to the present embodiment corresponds to the contact portions llA, 21A, 15 and llA" according to the first to the third embodiments. The dewaterer 74 corresponds to the dewatering system wells 11 and 21 according to the first to the third embodiments. The hydraulic cyclone 75 and the evaporator 76 according to the present embodiment correspond to the DME-water 20 containing material separating devices 15 and 25 according to the first to the third embodiments. The dewaterer 74, the pressure blower 78, the DME condensing pipe 79, and the condensate tank 80 correspond to the compressor-condenser 41 according to the first to the third embodiments. 25 (0104] Thus, the dewatering system according to the present embodiment has: the dewaterer 74 in which brown coal and liquefied DME are pressurized and mixed with each other in the contact portion 73, moisture contained in the brown coal is dissolved due to the contact between the 30 liquefied DME and the brown coal, and the moisture is absorbed into the liquefied DME; the hydraulic cyclone 75 in which the water-containing DME is separated from the brown coal; the evaporator 76 in which the DME is separated 48 from the water contained in the DME; and the DME condensing pipe in which heat exchange is performed between a vaporization heat thereof and the gas DME, and thus, the gas DME is liquefied and condensed. Therefore, it is 5 possible that, in the dewaterer 74, moisture is absorbed from the brown coal to the liquefied DME efficiently in low energy, thereby dewatering the brown coal. [0105] The water-containing liquefied DME discharged from the dewaterer 74 from which the moisture is removed to 10 be recovered and the gas DME liquefied to be recovered as liquefied DME are delivered to the intermediate tank 81 from the evaporator 76; thus, the recovered liquefied DME can be efficiently reused in dewatering the brown coal in the dewaterer 74.

Claims (5)

1. A water-containing material dewatering system comprising: a dimethyl ether supplying unit that supplies liquid dimethyl ether; a water-containing material supplying unit that supplies water-containing material; a contact portion in which the water-containing material supplied by the water containing material supplying unit and the dimethyl ether supplied by the dimethyl ether supplying unit are pressurized and mixed with each other; a dewaterer that is connected to the contact portion and dewaters the water containing material by absorbing moisture contained in the water-containing material in the dimethyl ether; a hydraulic cyclone by which watery liquid dimethyl ether that has absorbed moisture discharged from the dewaterer is separated from the water-containing material; an evaporator in which the dimethyl ether contained in the watery liquid dimethyl ether is evaporated to separate the dimethyl ether from moisture contained in the dimethyl ether; a dimethyl ether transfer pipe through which gas dimethyl ether vaporized in the evaporator is taken out; a pressurizing unit that is connected to the dimethyl ether transfer pipe and pressurizes the vaporized dimethyl ether; a dimethyl ether condensing pipe that condenses the dimethyl ether pressurized by the pressurizing unit; a condense tank in which the condensed dimethyl ether is stored; and a liquid dimethyl ether delivery pipe through which the condensed dimethyl ether is delivered to a tank in which the liquid dimethyl ether that is supplied to the contact portion is stored.
2. The dewatering system according to claim 1, wherein a part or whole of the dewatering system is installed above the ground or underground.
3. The dewatering system according to claim I or 2, wherein the water containing material is coal. 50
4. A water-containing material dewatering method employing the dewatering system according to any one of claims I to 3.
5. A water-containing material dewatering system, the system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the embodiments as that embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings. Dated 18 August, 2011 Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Iwai Engineering, Ltd. Shigeki Mizutani Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON & FERGUSON
AU2011213789A 2007-08-16 2011-08-19 Dewatering system for water containing material and method of dewatering the same Ceased AU2011213789B8 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107970642A (en) * 2018-01-16 2018-05-01 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） A kind of percolate pot of the more phenol extractions of camellia oleifera fruit
CN110732544A (en) * 2019-09-16 2020-01-31 浙江潜能生态科技有限公司 underground intelligent decontamination bag quality-divided garbage disposal system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1524019B1 (en) * 2002-06-03 2013-10-23 Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Method for removing water contained in solid using liquid material

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107970642A (en) * 2018-01-16 2018-05-01 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） A kind of percolate pot of the more phenol extractions of camellia oleifera fruit
CN107970642B (en) * 2018-01-16 2023-09-26 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） Percolating tank for extracting polyphenol from oil tea fruits
CN110732544A (en) * 2019-09-16 2020-01-31 浙江潜能生态科技有限公司 underground intelligent decontamination bag quality-divided garbage disposal system

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