AU2010272630A1 - System for gas processing - Google Patents

System for gas processing Download PDF

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AU2010272630A1
AU2010272630A1 AU2010272630A AU2010272630A AU2010272630A1 AU 2010272630 A1 AU2010272630 A1 AU 2010272630A1 AU 2010272630 A AU2010272630 A AU 2010272630A AU 2010272630 A AU2010272630 A AU 2010272630A AU 2010272630 A1 AU2010272630 A1 AU 2010272630A1
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pressure
compressor
flue gas
power plant
low
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AU2010272630A
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AU2010272630B2 (en
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Francois Granier
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/70—Flue or combustion exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/06—Adiabatic compressor, i.e. without interstage cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/32—Compression of the product stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/80—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/70—Steam turbine, e.g. used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/02—Integration in an installation for exchanging heat, e.g. for waste heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

A power plant for the generation of electrical energy with a system (1) for processing flue gases resulting from a combustion of fossil fuels comprises, according to the invention, an adiabatic compressor (5) for a first low-pressure compression of the flue gases and a second multi-stage, low-pressure flue gas compression system (14) and a multi-stage, high-pressure CO compression system (15), where both the low-pressure flue gas compression system and the high-pressure COcompression systems are combined in one single machine (C2) and are arranged on one common shaft (16) driven by one common driver (17). A heat exchanger (8) facilitates an improved recovery of heat resulting from the cooling of the adiabatically compressed flue gases. The invention allows an improvement of the overall power efficiency of a power plant integrated with this processing system as well as a reduction of investment cost.

Description

WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 System for gas processing 5 Technical Field The present invention relates to systems for processing gas resulting from fossil fuel fired power plants for the generation of electric energy. It relates in particular 10 to a system for gas processing to purify such gas in order to facilitate the transport and storage of carbon dioxide. Background Art 15 In view of reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (C02) into the atmosphere, the flue gases of fossil fuel fired power plants for the generation of electrical energy are typically equipped with so-called C02-capture systems. C02 gases contained in the flue gases is first separated, then compressed, dried, 20 and cooled and thus conditioned for permanent storage or a further use such as enhanced oil recovery. For safe transport, storage or further use, the C02 is required to have certain qualities. For example, for enhanced oil recovery the gas is to have a C02 concentration of at least 95%, a temperature of less than 500C and a pressure of 13.8 Mpa. Flue gases from fossil fuel fired power plants 25 comprise not only C02 but also a number of further contaminants such as water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, as well as S03, S02, NO, N02, which must be removed in order to fulfill the environmental regulations and requirements for transport and storage of C02. All of these contaminants and the C02 itself can appear in various concentrations depending on the type of fossil fuel, combustion 30 parameters, and combustor design. The percentage of C02 contained in the flue gases can range from 4% in the case of combustion of gases for a gas turbine to 60% -90% in the case of a coal fired boiler with air separation unit providing additional oxygen to the combustion process. The removal of contaminants from WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 2 flue gases is not limited by technical barriers but rather by the additional cost and energy requirements and subsequent reduction in the overall power plant efficiency. 5 Minish M. Shah, "Oxyfuel combustion for C02 capture from pulverized coal boilers", GHGT-7, Vancouver, 2004, discloses an example of a system for handling the flue gases resulting from a fossil fuel fired boiler. The system includes a recycle line for a portion of the flue gas to be returned to the coal-fired boiler together with oxygen from an air separation unit. The flue gas is led through 10 a filter for removal of ash and dust, such as a fabric filter or electrostatic precipitator, furthermore through a flue gas desulphurization unit for the removal of SOx and finally through a gas processing unit for C02 purification and compression. This unit comprises a system for removal of incondensable gases such as 02, N2, and Ar, a dehydration system for removal of water vapor, and a 15 series of compression and cooling systems. These include a first low-pressure compression systems of the non-purified flue gases and a high-pressure compression system of the purified C02, each with coolers integrated. For the compression, such systems comprise for example two multistage 20 centrifugal compressors, a low-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor and apparatuses for dehydration and cryogenic removal of inert gases arranged between the low- and high-pressure compressors. The multistage centrifugal compressors have intercoolers following each compressor stage in order to minimize the power consumption of the compression. The multistage 25 centrifugal compression typically includes 4-6 compression stages. Because of the large number of compressor stages, the low-pressure and high-pressure compressors are each arranged on independent shafts with a separate driver. The heat resulting from the intercoolers is low-level heat of 70-80 0C, which is typically not recovered but instead dissipated in the cooling water system of the power 30 plant. The cryogenic system for removal of inert gases generates an inert gas flow under pressure, which is typically expanded in a suitable turbine, which in turn drives a generator or is arranged to provide a part of the mechanical power for driving a compressor.
WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 3 Furthermore, Bin Xu, R.A. Stobbs, Vince White, R.A. Wall, "Future C02 Capture Technology for the Canadian Market", Department for Business Enterprises & Regulatory reform, Report No. COAL R309, BERR//Pub, URN 07/1251, March 2007, discloses on pages 124-129 a system for processing the flue gases 5 including dehydration, compression, cooling, and cryogenic processing. The compressors used are adiabatic compressors, which allow an improvement in terms of power consumption and cooling requirements. US 6,301,927 discloses a method of separating C02 from a feed gas by means of 10 autorefrigeration, where the feed gas is first compressed and expanded in a turbine. The C02 contained in the feed gas is then liquefied and separated from its gaseous components in a vapor-liquid-separator. US 4,977,745 discloses a method for recovering low purity C02 from flue gas 15 including compressing flue gas and directing it through a water wash and a dryer and finally to a C02 separation unit. US 7,416,716 discloses a method and apparatus for purifying carbon dioxide, in particular for the removal of S02 and NOx from C02 flue gas resulting from a coal 20 fired combustion process. For this, the flue gas or raw C02 gas is compressed to an elevated pressure by means of a compression train with intercoolers for the cooling of the compressed gas, where some of the compression is performed adiabatically. The compressed gas containing water vapor, 02, SOx, and NOx is then led into a gas/liquid contact device for washing the gaseous C02 with water 25 for the removal of SOx and NOx. Summary of Invention 30 In view of the described background art, it is an object of the invention to provide a fossil fuel fired power plant for the generation of the electrical energy with an improved flue gas processing system for the processing of the flue gases resulting from the combustion of the fossil fuel for the power plant.
WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 4 According to the invention, a fossil fuel fired power plant comprises a post combustion flue gas processing system, where the system comprises - a first low-pressure flue gas compressor, where the first low-pressure flue gas compressor is an adiabatic, axial compressor without intercooling, 5 - one or more heat exchangers arranged downstream from the first low-pressure flue gas compressor and configured and arranged for the transfer of heat from the compressed flue gas to the power plant or a system connected with the power plant, - a second low-pressure flue gas compressor arranged downstream of the one or 10 more heat exchangers and having one or more stages and one or more coolers, - a unit for cryogenic purification of the flue gases by removal of inert gases from the flue gas arranged downstream of the second low-pressure flue gas compressor, and - a high-pressure C02 compressor system arranged downstream of the unit for 15 cryogenic purification and configured and arranged for the compression of a C02 flow resulting from the unit for cryogenic purification, the high-pressure C02 compressor system having several stages and one or more coolers, - where both the second low-pressure flue gas compressor and the high-pressure C02 compression system are combined in one single machine and are arranged 20 on one common shaft that is driven by one common driver. The power plant with the post-combustion flue gas processing system according to the invention allows, due to the integration of an adiabatic compressor, a reduction of the total power consumption necessary for the flue gas compression. 25 Furthermore, the adiabatic compressor without intercoolers allows a recovery of the heat from the flue gas and its use in the power plant or in a system connected with the power plant such as an industrial consumer or other consumer requiring heat. Thereby, required heat, for example for feedwater preheating, that would otherwise be extracted from the power plant can now be drawn from the 30 compressed flue gases. The system according to the invention therefore facilitates an improvement in the overall efficiency of the power plant thus integrated with the flue gas processing system, however without an increase in number of compressor machines.
WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 5 Additionally, a flue gas processing system according to the invention allows a reduction in the initial investment cost for the system. The system comprises a total of only two compression machines with two drivers and two shafts, i.e. the 5 adiabatic, flue gas compressor on one hand and the combination of second low pressure flue gas compressor with high-pressure C02 multi-stage compressor, on the other hand. In spite of the addition of an adiabatic compressor, the system's total number of machines is still the same. Finally, the combination of the second low-pressure flue gas compressor and high-pressure C02 compressor into one 10 machine results not only in a reduction in investment cost but also allows space efficiency in the power plant construction. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the second low-pressure flue gas compression system and the high-pressure C02 compression system combined 15 into one machine arranged on one shaft comprises two low-pressure compressor stages and four to six high-pressure compressor stages. In a further particular embodiment of the invention, the flue gas processing system comprises a dehydration unit arranged downstream of the second low-pressure 20 flue gas compressor. This allows greater possibilities in the handling and use of the resulting C02. In a further particular embodiment of the invention, the flue gas processing system comprises one or more heat exchangers for cooling of the flue gas downstream 25 from the adiabatic compressor, where the heat exchanger(s) is/are configured for heat exchange with a water flow that can be part of the water/steam cycle of a power plant or any other water flow system for heat recovery within the power plant or in a system connected with the power plant. For this embodiment, the adiabatic flue gas compressor is configured for a discharge pressure of the flue 30 gases of a selected pressure range. This pressure range is selected for example in consideration of an optimal heat recovery in connection with the water/steam cycle of the power plant, an optimally minimized power consumption of the WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 6 adiabatic compressor, and the integration of the low- and high-pressure compression stages downstream from the adiabatic flue gas compressor. In an embodiment, the adiabatic flue gas compressor discharge pressure can be 5 set to 7 to 9 bar abs. Above this pressure range the adiabatic compression would require more power consumption than the compression in an intercooled centrifugal compressor. With this discharge pressure the temperature at the discharge of the adiabatic compressor is in the range from 170 to 280 OC. This allows an efficient heat recovery for instance by heating condensates from the 10 power plant steam/water cycle through the use of a dedicated heat exchanger. After the heat recovery, the flue gas is at a temperature of about 50 C. It is then further cooled in a second exchanger, where heat is dissipated. It is then compressed to 30 to 40 bar abs by two stages of the second low-pressure flue gas compressor, a centrifugal compressor with intercoolers. These two stages can 15 be easily combined with the high-pressure C02 compressor having 4 to 6 stages, for instance by the use of one integral gear compressor with 6 to 8 stages. The adiabatic compressor facilitates an improved recovery of the heat resulting from the cooling of the compressed flue gas. This can further improve the overall efficiency of a power plant integrated with this type of flue gas processing system. 20 A further advantage of the power plant according to the invention is in that the number of flue gas compressors, these being adiabatic and centrifugal, remains constant compared to power plants of the prior art having only centrifugal compressors. 25 In a further particular embodiment of the invention, the first, low-pressure flue gas compressor and second low-pressure flue gas compressors are configured such that the ratio of the discharge pressure of the adiabatic compressor to the discharge pressure of the first stage of the low-pressure flue gas compressor is in the range from 1.5 to 2.5. 30 The power plant can be any kind of fossil fuel fired power plant, including a steam turbine power plant with a coal-fired boiler, where this boiler can be operated with WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 7 or without additional oxygen provided by an air separation unit. The fossil fuel fired power plants can also include gas turbine or combined cycle power plants. In a further embodiment, the system according to the invention further comprises 5 a system for the removal or reduction of the SOx and NOx. Such system can be arranged either in the low-pressure flue gas treatment system, that is upstream of the flue gas compression or downstream from the adiabatic compressor. If the SOx and NOx removal system is arranged downstream from the adiabatic flue gas compressor, the proposed invention can still be realized by combining the 10 remaining centrifugal stages required for flue gas compression with the stages required for C02 compression in one machine driven by one driver. The SOx and NOx removal reaction kinetics as well as reactor sizing will affect the choice of the adiabatic compressor discharge pressure. For instance, the discharge pressure can then be raised to around 15 bar abs, thus leaving one stage of flue gas 15 compression to be combined with the C02 compression in one multistage centrifugal compressor. Brief Description of the Drawings 20 Figure 1 shows a diagram of an embodiment of a flue gas processing system according to the invention that may be integrated in a power plant for the generation of electricity. 25 Best Modes for Carrying out the Invention Figure 1 shows a flue gas processing system 1 for the processing of flue gases resulting from a fossil fuel fired power plant. The power plant itself is not shown 30 save for a line 2 directing the flue gas resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels for the generation of a working medium to drive a turbine. The processing system 1 comprises essentially a flue gas line 2, directing flue gases to a first compressor system C1, heat recovery system HR, a second compressor system C2, all WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 8 arranged in series in the sequence mentioned, and a C02-line 3 for directing the separated C02 to a facility for further use. The flue gas line 2 leads from a power plant to the first compressor system C1, which comprises an adiabatic flue gas compressor 5. The heat recovery system HR comprises heat exchangers for the 5 cooling of the compressed flue gases released by the compressor C1 and transfer of heat from the flue gases to the power plant. The second compressor system C2 comprises a combined multi-stage and intercooled compressor system for the low pressure compression of flue gases and the high-pressure compression of purified C02. Finally, the line 3 leads purified and compressed C02 away from the system 10 1 to a further system 4 for transport, storage or further use of the C02 such as enhanced oil recovery. Flue gases are led to system 1 as shown via the line 2, where the flue gases can result for example from a coal-fired boiler, from a gas combustion chamber, or oxyfired coal-fired boiler. As such, they can contain C02 gas of various 15 concentrations, such as 4% or more in the case of a gas turbine power plant with or without flue gas recirculation, or up to 60-90% in the case of oxyfired coal burning boilers for steam turbine power plant. Following the boiler or combustion chamber, the flue gases may have been pre-treated in a filter such as an electrostatic precipitator or a fabric filter or any other process unit for the removal 20 of sulphur. Furthermore, the flue gases may have been treated in an apparatus for the removal of NOx or mercury. The flue gas line 2 carries the C02-containing flue gas to the low-pressure, adiabatic flue gas compressor 5 driven by a driver 6 and configured to compress the flue gas to a discharge pressure of 5 to 20 bar abs. A minimized power 25 consumption for the compression can be reached with a configuration for a discharge pressure of 5 to 8 bar abs, for example 7 bar abs. The adiabatic compressor 5 is configured for a compression to a discharge pressure of no more than 20 bar. Compression to a discharge pressure higher than this limit would increase the power consumption such that there would no longer be any benefits 30 from the use of an adiabatic compressor. This is due to the fact that after a pressure of around 8 bar abs, the adiabatic (axial) power consumption becomes higher than that of an intercooled centrifugal compressor. After this pressure the benefit of having more efficient wheels in the axial machine is more than WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 9 compensated by the increase of power consumption due to the gas temperature increase in the absence of intercooling. At the compressor discharge the compressed flue gas may have a temperature of ca. 200 OC-280 0C. The optimum discharge pressure of the adiabatic compressor will be set by the 5 minimization of power consumption, but also by additional parameters such as water/steam cycle integration, intermediate removal of SOx and NOx if any, as well as machine selection. A line 7 leads from the discharge of the low-pressure flue gas compressor 5 to a first heat exchanger 8, through which the compressed and hot flue gases flow in 10 counterflow to a flow of water or another cooling medium. The cooling medium is led from the heat exchanger 8 via line 9 to a system for heat recovery in a system within the power plant or in a system connected with the power plant. The adiabatic/axial flue gas compressor 5 allows the recovery of heat from the flue gases at a higher temperature (170-240 OC) compared to the case if a centrifugal 15 compressor were used instead in this position. This heat can be effectively used in the power plant. For example, in the embodiment shown, the heat recovery system is the water/steam cycle 9 of a steam turbine system. In a particular example, this water flow is connected to a feedwater preheater or to the condensate extraction pump. A part of the condensates can be heated directly by 20 the flue gas, thus by-passing the low-pressure heaters. The steam consumption of the low-pressure heaters is reduced and, as a consequence, more steam is expanded in the cycle steam turbine and the plant can produce more electrical power. Due to the use of the adiabatic /axial flue gas compressor a gain of the net power output of the power plant of 0.5% to 1 % can be achieved over the net 25 output of a power plant having only centrifugal flue gas compressors. The power plant according to the invention achieves a greater output although having the same number of compressor machines as a power plant with only centrifugal compressors. 30 After having passed through the heat exchanger 8, the flue gases have a temperature of for example 500C. On the flue gas side, the heat exchanger 8 is connected via a line 10 to a further heat exchanger or cooler 11, where the flue WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 10 gases are further cooled to a temperature of for example 300C. The heat resulting from this cooling is of low-grade and can be dissipated. A line 13 leads from the cooler 11 to the combined compression system C2 driven by driver 17 and comprising a low-pressure flue gas compressor 14, a high 5 pressure C02 compressor 15 arranged on shaft 16 and driven by driver 17. The low-pressure flue gas compressor can have for example two stages of a centrifugal compressor with intercooler, whereas the high-pressure C02 compressor can have for example four to six stages with intercoolers. If the discharge pressure of the adiabatic compressor is lower, that is within the 10 discharge pressure range given between 5 to 20 bar abs, the centrifugal low pressure flue gas compressor can also have three instead of two stages. The flue gases, compressed to a pressure of for example 30 bars abs by the low-pressure compressor 14, are led via line 18 to a dehydration unit 19 and thereafter to a cryogenic unit 20. In the cryogenic unit, the flue gas is separated resulting in a 15 purified C02 gas flow and a vent gas containing inert gases like nitrogen, oxygen and argon. The vent gas is sent via line 21 to an expander 22, which can be mounted on the same shaft 16 or mounted on an independent shaft. In the flue gas processing system according to the invention, the low-pressure flue gas compression system 14 and high-pressure C02 compression system 15 are 20 arranged on the same shaft, whereas the low-pressure flue gas compression system is arranged up-stream of the cryogenic purification system and the high pressure C02 compression system is arranged down-stream from the purification system. The cryogenically purified flue gas, now containing mainly C02 of a concentration 25 sufficient for transport and storage, is led from the unit 20 to the high-pressure compressor system 15 for further compression to a pressure of 110 bar abs, from where it is finally led via line 3 to a system 4 for further use of the C02. The cryogenic process can be optimized in that the purified C02-gas is fed in two separate flows to the compressor system 15 at two different pressures 30 respectively, by which the compressor power consumption is minimized. One first low-pressure line feeds the purified C02 gas to the front inlet of the compressor system 15 and a second medium pressure line feeds the purified C02 gas to an intermediate stage of the compressor system 15.
WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 11 Terms used in Figures 1 system for processing flue gases 5 2 flue gas line from power plant 3 line for purified C02 gas 4 system for transport, storage or further use of purified C02 5 adiabatic compressor 6 driver 10 7 flue gas line 8 heat exchanger 9 system for cooling medium 10 flue gas line 11 heat exchanger 15 12 system for cooling medium 13 flue gas line 14 low-pressure compressor for flue gas 15 high-pressure compressor for C02 gas 16 shaft 20 17 driver for combined low- and high-pressure compressor 18 flue gas line 19 dehydration unit 20 cryogenic unit 21 line for inert gases 25 22 expander for vented inert gases C1 adiabatic compressor C2 combined compressor machine HR heat recovery system 30

Claims (13)

1. Fossil fuel fired power plant for the generation of electrical energy 5 comprising a system for the processing of the fuel gases resulting from the combustion of the fossil fuels, characterized in that the flue gas processing system comprises - a first low-pressure flue gas compressor (5), where the first low-pressure flue 10 gas compressor (5) is an adiabatic, axial compressor without intercooling, - one or more heat exchangers (8, 11) arranged downstream from the first low pressure flue gas compressor (5) and configured and arranged for the transfer of heat from the compressed flue gas to the power plant or a system connected with the power plant, 15 - a second low-pressure flue gas compressor (14) arranged downstream of the one or more heat exchangers (8, 11) and having one or more stages and one or more coolers, - a unit (20) for cryogenic purification of the flue gases by removal of inert gases from the flue gas arranged downstream of the second low-pressure flue gas 20 compressor (14), and - a high-pressure C02 compressor system (15) arranged downstream of the unit for cryogenic purification (20) and configured and arranged for the compression of a C02 flow resulting from the unit for cryogenic purification (20), the high-pressure C02 compressor system (15) having several stages and one or more coolers, 25 - where both the second low-pressure flue gas compressor (14) and the high pressure C02 compression system (15) are combined in one single machine (C2) and are arranged on one common shaft (16) that is driven by one common driver (17). 30
2. Power plant according to claim 1 characterized in that WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 13 the flue gas processing system (1) comprises furthermore a dehydration unit (19) arranged downstream of the second low-pressure flue gas compressor (14).
3. Power plant according to claim 1 5 characterized in that the second low-pressure flue gas compressor (14) comprises two low-pressure compressor stages and the high-pressure C02 compressor system (15) comprises four to six high-pressure compressor stages arranged on one single shaft. 10
4 Power plant according to claim 1 characterized in that the second low-pressure flue gas compressor (14) comprises three low-pressure compressor stages and the high-pressure C02 compressor system (15) 15 comprises four to six high-pressure compressor stages arranged on one single shaft.
5. Power plant according to claim 1 characterized in that 20 the heat exchanger (8) is configured for heat exchange with a water flow system (9) for heat recovery.
6. Power plant according to claim 5 characterized in that 25 the water flow system (9) is part of the water/steam cycle of a steam turbine power plant.
7. Power plant according to claim 6 characterized in that 30 the water flow system (9) is connected to a condensate extraction pump.
8. Power plant according to claim 1 WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 14 characterized in that the adiabatic compressor (5) is configured for a discharge pressure of the flue gases of a pressure in the range from 5 bar abs to 20 bar abs. 5
9. Power plant according to claim 8 characterized in that the adiabatic compressor (5) is configured for a discharge pressure of the flue gases of a pressure in the range from 7 bar abs to 9 bar abs.
10 10. Power plant according to one of the foregoing claims characterized in that the first, adiabatic low-pressure flue gas compressor (5) and the second low pressure flue gas compressor (14) are configured such that the ratio of the discharge pressure of the first, adiabatic compressor (5) to the discharge pressure 15 of the first stage of the second low-pressure flue gas compressor (14) is in a range from 1.5 to 2.5.
11. Power plant according to any of the foregoing claims characterized in that 20 a first line for low-pressure purified C02 gas leads from the cryogenic purification unit (20) to a first inlet of the high-pressure C02 compression system (15) and a second line for medium-pressure purified C02 gas leas from the cryogenic purification unit (20) to an intermediate stage of the high-pressure C02 compression system (15). 25
12. Power plant according to any of the foregoing claims characterized in that the flue gas processing system (1) comprises a system for the removal or reduction of SOx and NOx arranged either in a low-pressure flue gas treatment 30 system upstream of the flue gas compressors (5, 14) or after the adiabatic compressor (5). WO 2011/006862 PCT/EP2010/059971 15
13. Power plant according to any of the foregoing claims characterized in that the power plant is a plant fired by gas, coal, oxyfired coal, or is a gas turbine power plant. 5
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