AU2010200652A1 - Apparatus for Delivery of Pressurised Gas - Google Patents

Apparatus for Delivery of Pressurised Gas Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2010200652A1
AU2010200652A1 AU2010200652A AU2010200652A AU2010200652A1 AU 2010200652 A1 AU2010200652 A1 AU 2010200652A1 AU 2010200652 A AU2010200652 A AU 2010200652A AU 2010200652 A AU2010200652 A AU 2010200652A AU 2010200652 A1 AU2010200652 A1 AU 2010200652A1
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
gas
motor
delivery device
blower
water reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
AU2010200652A
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AU2010200652B2 (en
Inventor
Fred Blochlinger
David Burton
Warwick Freeman
Grant Parratt
Allan Wallace
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Compumedics Ltd
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Compumedics Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2005905836A external-priority patent/AU2005905836A0/en
Application filed by Compumedics Ltd filed Critical Compumedics Ltd
Priority to AU2010200652A priority Critical patent/AU2010200652B2/en
Publication of AU2010200652A1 publication Critical patent/AU2010200652A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU2010200652B2 publication Critical patent/AU2010200652B2/en
Priority to AU2013201512A priority patent/AU2013201512A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0051Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes with alarm devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0066Blowers or centrifugal pumps
    • A61M16/0069Blowers or centrifugal pumps the speed thereof being controlled by respiratory parameters, e.g. by inhalation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022Control means therefor
    • A61M16/024Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0816Joints or connectors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1075Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1075Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature
    • A61M16/109Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature the humidifying liquid or the beneficial agent
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/16Devices to humidify the respiration air
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/105Filters
    • A61M16/106Filters in a path
    • A61M16/107Filters in a path in the inspiratory path
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/16Devices to humidify the respiration air
    • A61M16/161Devices to humidify the respiration air with means for measuring the humidity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/003Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
    • A61M2016/0033Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
    • A61M2016/0039Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/42Reducing noise
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A61M2205/502User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
    • A61M2205/505Touch-screens; Virtual keyboard or keypads; Virtual buttons; Soft keys; Mouse touches
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2209/00Ancillary equipment
    • A61M2209/08Supports for equipment
    • A61M2209/084Supporting bases, stands for equipment
    • A61M2209/086Docking stations

Description

WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU200G/OO1513 Title Apparatus for Delivery of Pressurised Gas 5 FIId of the Invention This invention relates to systems, devices and methods for delivefing breathable gases, In particular, the invention relates to systems, devices and methods for delivering gases at constant or variable flow rates, pressures, and humidity. 10 More particularly, this invention relates to devices and methods for delivering breathable gases to masks for treatment of breathing disorders. Background is There are a number of devices available for the delivery of breathable gas, including air, to a patient for the treatment of disordered breathing, in particular, sleep disordered breathing. For example, in the treatment of sleep apnooa, including obstructive sleep apnoea, air is often delivered at continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) wherein air is supplied continuously at a pressure greater 20 than ambient to the airway of a sleeping patient through a mask to keep the patients airway open for effective respiration. It Is important for continuous therapeutic benefit from pressurized air for the air and other gases to be delivered at a pressure and a flow rate appropriate for the 25 desired breathing pattern. The delivery of gas should not induce the feeling of "blowing into the wind' during treatment. it is known i6 the art that a system including a gas delivery device, often with gases humidified for comfort,, incorporates various combInations ot fans, air conduits, face masks, and mask assemblies. Gas-delivery devices may be controlled by circuitry and computer 30 software to deliver the gas through an air conduit to a face mask at a.desired flow rate and pressure. Prior art gas-delivery systems, methods, and devices generly include a limited number of desirable features. For example, gas may be delivered at only one or WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/00 151.3 2 a limited number of flow rates. Similarly, gas may be delvered simply as pressurised air, the unhumidified pressuised air having the potential to cause discomfort by drying out the breathing passages of a patient using the gas for treatment. A device delivering gases may be large and cumbersome to 5 manipulate. It is known in the art that fans used in devices can be noisy and cause disturbance to the sleep of patients using the devices. Prior art devices are known wherein flow rate is controlled by changes in motor speed. Such devices are limited in efficacy of controlling flow rate by the speed with which pressure change can be effected by the dynamics of the motor, 10 What is needed is a gas-delivery system and methods for delivering gases that include devices that are relatively easy to manipulate, operate, quiet, and deliver gases with appropriate humidification at desired flow rates and pressures. Further, a gas-delivery system should be relatively easy to manufacture and to 15 transport, A gas-delivery system should be able switch between pressure levels quickly to accommodate expiratory and breath changes. A reference herein to a gas-deivery system includes systems and devices for CPAP, VPAP (Variable Positive Air Pressure), BiiPAP (Bi-Levl Positive Air 20 Pressure), or APAP (Automatic Positive Air Pressure), all of whidh describe the flow rate and pressure of gases delivered by a device or a system. For example, BiPAP switches to a lower airflow when appropriate during expiration by a patient so that the patient has more comfortable breathing by not having to breathe Into a 'force of air'. Further acronyms used to describe elements in this 25 document are provided with their meanings in Table . In this document a reference to "comprising" is a reference to includingg", where both words are used in a context that is not imiting. Brief Dsscription of the Drawings 30 Figure 1 shows a diagram of a pressurized gas delivery system, Figure 2 shows a diagram of a motor controller for a gas delivery device. Figure 3 shows a motor current sense circuitry. Figure 4 shows a blodk diagram of a motor controller.
WO 2007/045017 3 PCT/AU2006/001513 Figure 5 shows the operation of the motor controller PWM. Figure 6 shows the humidifier components of a gas delvery device. Figure 7 shows the functional building blocks of the electronic sub-system of a gas delivery device having a keypad for controlling the operation. 5 Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a gas delivery device. Figure 9 shows a side view of a blower with a portion in cross section. Figure 10 shows a side view of a blower with a portion in cross section. Figure 11 shows a gas filter in perspective view. Figure 12a shows a top perspective view of a gas delivery device with water 10 reservoir positioned outside the gas delivery device. Figre 12b shows a top perspective view of a gas delivery device with water reservoir operatively positioned inside the gas delivery device, Figure 13. shows show a side view in longitudinal section of a gas delivery device. 15 Figure 14.shows a top view of a blower inside a sound housing for a gas delivery device.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of the invention to provide a simple humidification system for the 20 pressurised gas. It s a further object of the Invention to provide a gas delivery system that is relatively easy to use. it is a further object of the invention to provide a method for delivering humidified gas through a conduit to a subject. The invention provides a gas-delivery system that incorporates a humidifier 25 assembly including a removable wat& reservoir, The invention provides that the humidffy level of the gas passing over the water may be selected by the device user, The invention advantageously Incorporates that the cohtrolling variable in setting the humidity level Is by adjustment of the temperature of the water in the reservoir. The water reservoir in a gas-delivery device contructed according to 30 the invention can be easy removed for cleaning or replacement,. The invention may Incorporate a pressure-sensing means to detect gas pressure at a location near the lpcation where the conduit for deliverhig pressurised gas from the gas-delivery device engages the device. This arrangement WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 .4 advantageously allows the pressure of the gas delivered through the conduit to be, calculated as a junction of variables including the sensed pressure, taking into account the parameters of the mask type and conduit length. 5 It is a further object of the invention to provide a gas-delivery device and system that incorporate the ability to make rapid changes in gas pressure and flow rates in order to effectively provide gas to the airway of a patient while accommodating patient breathing patterns. The system elements cooperate to reduce pressure fluctuations at the patient mask while the patent is breathing 10 during treatment. The invention provides a gas-delivery system that is controlled by computer software running on a microcontroler. According to the invention, outputs from the measured pressure, flow rate, temperature, and humidity sensors are conveniently converted to digital values for subsequent signal processing by analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs), The invention provides 15 that a microcontroller sets the desired instantaneous gas pressure in the conduit and face rnask by adjusting the motor speed of the fan according to the computer software. The invention provides a method of motor-speed control wherein the signal from a single rotor position sensor is digitally processed to determine the current speed, position and three-phased winding drive signals, 20 The invention incorporates that the motor has a sufficiently small inertia to allow the gas-delivery device to respond rapidly to changes to pre-determined gas pressure settings. The humidification system includes water reservoir for humidification of delivered 25 gas, the water reservoir engaging and sealing with the conduit when the device lid is in a closed position. The invention further provides a water reservoir that engages with a heating plate when the device Ild is in a closed position. The heating plate biases the Water vessel to so engage the heating plate. The invention further provides a water vessel that is integrated with the gas-supply s0 system. The inventing provides a port combining an air inlet and outlet port for the water reservoir, which advantageously simplifies the sefilling of the water reservoir. The simple construction of the water reservoir, which is preferably comprised of a polymer that can be blow-moulded, advantageously reduces the WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/01513 cost of manufacture of the water reservoir. Most advantageously, the water reservoIr can be easily cleaned or replaced. The invention provides a rigid isolation chamber around the blower to effectively S muffle sound emanating from the blower. It is preferably made from metal, more preferably a zinc die casting, preferably with walls of the iso]atdn chamber being generally greater that 1.6 mm thick. Integral components in the isolation chamber include one or more plenum chambers that effectively attenuate sound transmission along the air pathway, Ir addition the entire isolation chamber 10 advantageOUsly behaves as a Helmholtz resonator, the frequency of which can be modified by providing inlet and/or outlet passages with preferred dimensions. Preferably the inlet and/or outlet passages are generally circular inoross section and of a sufficient length to minimise the resonant frequency of the isolation chamber without causing excessive flow restriction. 15 The invention provides that the configuration of the components of a gas delivery device allow the gas delivery device be disposed in alternative mounting orientations, in any suitable orientation from horizontal or vertical The invention provides most advantageously for an embodiment including a vertical disposition 20 of the gas-delivery device, which enables wall mounting of the device. The invention provides most advantageously that the gas delivery device includes an air filter that may be housed in a removable transparent casing, the dirty side of the filter being visible through the transparent casing. 25 The invention further provides a graphical user interface (GUI), which facilitates configuration of the device, setup and patient history feedback. According to the Invention the GUI may include an alarm clock function. 30 The invention provides that device patient-specific configuration, and sleep study data may be recorded on removable SD Card media. This feature provides flexibility in invention setup and subsequent data analysis by a laboratory remote from the invention as the patient need only transport the SD Card, In one aspect, the invention provides apparatus for delivering breathable gas to WO 2007/045017 PCI/AU2006/001513 6 a subject, comprising a blower for delivering pressurised gas a water reservoir for humidifying the gas, a heater, a casing for housing the blower and the water reservoir, a gas inlet and a gas outlet each engagirig a single port in the water reservoir, and a conduit for directing gas from the outlet to a subject. 5 in another aspect the invention provides apparatus for delivering breathable gas 'to a subject, comprising a blower for delivering pressurised gas, the blower disposed in a sound housing, a casing for housing the blawer and a water reservoir, a heater for heating water in the water reservoir, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, a gas filter housed in a removable transparent casing, and a conduit for 10 directing gas from the outlet to a subject. In a further aspect, the invention provides apparatus for delivering breathable gas to a subject, comprising; a blower for delivering pressurised gas, a casing for housing the blower, a heater, a gas inlet and a gas outlot,a conduit for directing gas from the outlet to a subject, and at least one plenum chamber and i5 at least one resonating moans adjacent the blower. In this aspect the apparatus may include a water reservoir and a heater for heating'the water in the water reservoir. in a further aspect, the invention provides apparatus for delivering breathable gas to a subject comprising a blower for delivering pressurised gas, a water 20 reservoir for humidifying the gas, a heater, a casing for housing the blower and the water reservoir, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and a conduit for directing gas from the outlet to a subject wherein the apparatus is disposable in operation at any suitable angle from substantially horizontal to substantialy upright orientations without spillage of fluid from the water reservoir. 25 in a further aspect, the invention provides apparatus for delivering breathable gas to a subject comprising a blower having an outlet for delivering pressurised gas, the blower comprising of a motor chamber, two outlet airways and a valve charnber, the blower including means to rapidly change gas pressure or-flow rate; a casing for housing the blower and the water reservoir; a gas Inlet and a 30 gas outlet; a gas filter'housed in a removable transparent casing, and a conduit for directing gas from the outlet to a subject. In each of the foregoing aspects, the conduit may be cormpriseci of concentric WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 7 conduits for Inlet and outlet gases. Preferably the inner conduit provides inlet gas. Preferably the means. to change the gas pressure or flow rate is at least one impeller. Preferably, the apparatus includes a time signalling means for a user 5 to determine the time from the apparatus. Preferably the signalling means is a time clock. In a still further aspect: the invention provides a method for controlling a motor of a blower in a gas delivery device, the method including the steps of determining the rotational position of an impeller determining the velocity of an impeller; and 10 adjusting the timing of winding excitations for controlling the speed of the impeller. In a still further aspect, the invention provides a method for delivering breathable gas to a subject, the method including the steps of pressurising ambient gas with an impeller, humidifying the ambient gas directing the humidified gas to the 15 airway of a subject wherein the pressurising step includes detecting the position of the impeller with a single sensor means. Preferably the sensor means used in the method is a Hall effect sensor, Detailed Description of the Figures and Most Preferred Embodiment 20 The Invention is most easily understood with reference to the accompanying. figures. It will be understood that the figures are Intended to be illustrative embodiments of the invention and that the scope of the invention as defined in the claims includes further embodiments not so Mustrated. A diagram of. 25 representative elements of a pressurised gas-delivery system is shown in Figure 1. The Invention includes that gas is drawn into a gas-delivery device through a replaceable filter system by a motOr and blower assembly, the assembly being encased in a noise-dampening housing to provide quieter operation of the system. A.flow-sensing device, located in series with the-gas path, may be used 30 to detect the gas flow. Further aspects within the scope of the invention are included in the following description.
WO 207/045017 PCT/AU2006/001.513 8 Outer Casing The following elements are more clearly understood with reference to Figures 8 to 14. The outer casing of the gas-delivery device including an upper oase 1, a lower case 2, a first side panel 3, a second side pariel. opposite said first side 5 panel (not shown), and a lid 4. The upper and lower casings can be engaged with suitable engagement means. Preferably, the engagement means are screws. Engagement of the upper and lower casings positions the first and second side panels to form a relatively leak-prdof enclosure. In engaged position, the outer casing is relatively resistant to ingress of water that may be 10 poured on the top of the gas-delivery device irrespective of the orientation of the casing. The lid engages the upper casing with a lid engagement means. The lid engagement means is preferably a snap-fit at the pivot point means. The pivot point means may be any suitable pivoting means such as hinges or hinge pins. Alternatively, and most advantageously, the pivoting means may be a 15 mechanism that includes that the instantaneous point of rotation is not fixed relative to the casing. An example of such a mechanism includes, but is not limited to, a four-bar linkage mechanism. When engaged in a closed position, the (id may be locked in posWon by a lid locking mechanism 5. The lid locking mechanism is preferably a latch. The latch is preferably spring actuated, 20 Preferably the lid is also spring-actuated t enable it to open when the lid latch is disengaged, If spring actuated, the spring actuating the lid preferably incorporates a rotary damper to create a smooth opening action for the lid and to avoid a ierky" spring action that might otherwise occur, The pivot point can be located at the top of the casing or it cAn be located at the back of the casing. 25 The Invention includes that located'on the upper case is a user interface (UI). The Ul is preferably constructed from a transparent lens 5 a sealing means between the upper case and the Ions, and a flexible keypad 7. The sealing means Is preferably a gasket. The keypad preferably includes at least one 30 button, The lens engages with the upper case with a suitable engagemrnn means, Preferably, the lens engagement means is a snap4it located on each side of the lens. Alternatively, the tens engagement means may be adhesive tape. The lens most advantageously allows tnO user of the gas delivery device WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 to see through the outer case to a display which communicates information to the user. A further advantage of the tens is that it engages the flexible button keypad in fixed position. A further advantage of the engagement of the lens is a seal which prevents water ingress through the screen or button holes into the 5 upper case. The flexible button keypad is preferably constructed from silicon to allow the gas-delivery device user to advantageously communicate commands to the gas-delivery device. Air Fiter The invention includes that the air filter Is comprised of a front case 8, a back 10 case 9 and at least a primary filter 10, illustrated in Figure 11. Preferably the casing material is transparent. Preferably the air filter incorporates a secondary fiker 11, The invention includes that the front case engages the back case to create a channel including the at least primary filter and preferably the secondary filter. Preferably the engagement means comprises of snap-fits. In 15 operation of the gas-delivery device the engagement of the front case and base case creating the channel requires that gas delivered by the gas-delivery device must pass through the filter media. The filter media may include a primary and a secondary medium. The filter front case includes a plurality of holes to allow gas to flow into the primary filer and to contact the surface of the primary filter media 20 to achieve filtering. Preferably, the cross sectional area of the holes is greater than 400 mrn to avoid restricting flow Into the primary filter. The filter back case includes an aperture which receives a connector attachment of the upper case, which in turn, provides a good seal.when engaged. Preferably the connector attachment is a male tube. The filter engages with the upper casing under the 25 lid, Most advantageously, the operation of the filter casing allows for removal and replacement of the filter. Replacement of the fiter will ensure ongoing fitration of the intake air for the use of the gas-delivety device constructed according to the Invention, 30 The primary filter media enables the removal of large dust particles from the gas, while the secondary filter media is intended to remove smaller particles. The invention includes the use of a range of secondary filter media. Examples of WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 10 media Include media suitable to remove; pollen, bacteria, smoke and smog air pollution and viruses, It will be understood that the range of filter media is not limited by the preceding list. Slower / Motor 6 The invention includes that the blower may be comprised of elements in different configurations as exemplified herein. It will be understood that other configurations are within the scope of the invention as claimed. In a first embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 9, the blower is constructed from a top casing 12 a bottom casing 13 and a dividing septum plate 10 14. These elements are engaged using screws or other engagement means to seal airtight and create a blower chamber, a motor chamber, two outlet airways and a valve chamber. The blower chamber houses the impeller 16 which is mounted on a shaft with bearing at each end 17. Preferably one bearing is pyess-fit into the top casing and the other is located in the bottom casing to 15 enable it to move axially within the casing. Preferably, a helical spring conveniently maintains an effective axial pre-load or both bearings. Preferably, the bearings are lubricated with low-noise grease. The impeller 16 may have a series of fins on its top surface to move air as the impeller rotates, -The invention includes that between each of the fins is a small gap between the top and 20 bottom surfaces of.the impeller. In combination, the features allow the majority of the air flow generated by the Impeller to flow out of the blower chamber into the top outlet airway formedd by the top case and the septum plate) and to create a higher pressure in this airway. The small holes also allow some air to flow into the bottom outlet airway (formed by the bottom case and the septum 25 plate) and to create a reduced pressure in this airway, Within the valve chamber a valve member 18 then regulates the amount of air passing out of each of the top outlet airway and the bottom outlet airway- This valve 18 most advantageously can change the pressure of the overall outlet air very rapidly without the motor needing to change the speed of the impeller. The motor So chamber contains the motor mechanism and electronics, which are held firmly in position by the bottom casing 13 and the septum plate 14.
WO 2007/045017 1 PCT/AU200/001513 In a second embodiment of the invention, shown in Figure 10, the blower includes a top oase 20 and a bottom case 21 which engage to form an air-tight seal with suitable engagement means. Preferably the engagement means includes screws. The engaged cases form a blower chamber, a motor chamber, 5 and an outlet path. Within the blower chamber Is located the impeller 24 which has two bearing sets 23 mounted to either end Of the blower chamber and a magnet mounted 25 to the middle of central shaft of the chamber. The top bearing set 28 is pressed Into the top case and the bottom bearing is held radially In the bottom case and vertically by an.impeller spring 22. Preferably, 10 the impeler and shaft 24 are moulded In one piece from a glass-filled polymer. Alternatively they may be over-moulded as a polymer onto a metal shaft. The top housing includes a gas inlet located above the blower chamber which allows gas Into the blower chamber. The impeller has a series of fins located on 15 its top surface designed to move the air to the outlet as the impeller rotates. This movement of gas creates an increase in pressure at the outlet which can be regulated by the speed of the impeller rotation. The bottom surface of the impeller is located in close proximity to a wall on the bottom casing which advantageously forms the motor chamber. Within the motor chamber the motor 20 windings 27 and electronics 28 are firmly located in position by snap-fit or other suitable means and provide the power which drives the impeller rotation. Preferably the motor uses a toroida core with.no Magnetic cogging. Three phase windings are used in star configuration, supplied with sinusoidally 25 modulated power (SPWM) to minimise torsional excitation. Preferably, the rotor Is comprised entirely of precision moulded plastic, which most advantageously avoids the need for an internal metal shaft and dynamic balancing. The invention includes that electronic commutation is phased from a single Hall Effect sensor mounted adjacent to the rotor magnet 30 Sound Housing WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 12 The invention Includes that in one embodiment, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, the sound housing is constructed from an upper housing 56, a lower housing 57 a sealing gasket 658, two divider walls 59, inlet pipe 60, outlet pipe 61, a flexible blower attachment 82 and the blower as herein described. The upper and lower 5 housings preferably are moulded or cast from a dense material to reduce sound transmission from the inside to the outside of the casing therefore contain the sound within, Preferably, the dense material is zinc or a mineral-filled plastic. The upper and lower housings engage with engagement rniaans to position the two dividing walls, the inlet tubs and the outlet tube, compressing a sealing 10 gasket around the periphery to seal air tight, Preferably, the engagement means are screws. This engagement of the housings according to the invention creates three.chambers, the blower chamber, a primary sound chamber and a secondary sound chamber. Within the blower chamber is located the blower Preferably the blower i% mounted on two springs, top 64 and bottom 65, which 15 ensures the blower has a low resonant frequency. The springs operate to reduce the transfer of vibration from the blower to the Sound housing. Preferably, to increase the noise isolation effect, a flexible pad 66 Is located above the top spring and below the bottom spring. At the blower outlet a flexible tube fixes the outlet to the outlet pipe 61. Preferably the flexible thbe has corrugated sides. In 20 this embodiment the flexible tube forms part of the sealing gasket 58. Preferably the flexible tube is moulded from a TPE material. Alternatively, it may be a separate part, The dividing walls 59 separate the chambers and reduce the sound transfer from one chamber to the next. Preferably, the dMding walls may include a tube, the tube extending into the next chamber. The function of the 25 tube is to carry all of the air flow betvieen the chambers. Preferably, the tube is located with its end a smaU distance, suffloient to not restrict the airflow, from the opposing wall of the next chamber. Preferably the opposing wall is covered in a sound deadening foam 59 or other suitable material to inhibit the sound transmission into the tube and therefore between the chambers. So Humidifier The present invention includes a humidifier that is incorporated into the gas delivery device enabling the gas delivery and humidifying functions to cooperate in operation of the device. As shown in Figure 12, the humidifier includes a WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 13 water reservoir 30, a gas conduit connector 33, an air seal 28, a set of heating plates 31 with internal ceramic heater, and a water-reservoir heat-oondudtor 32, In operation, the humidifier is concealed under the lid 4, 5 The water reservoir 30 is preferably comprised of a blow-moulded thermoplastic. The water reservoir surface includes portions that are straight and flat, the portions corresponding to receiving surfaces or rails 36 on the upper case 1. In operation, the rails ensure the water reservoir Is placed correctly in the apparatus and held firmly in place, In a preferred embodiment of the invention, 10 the water reservoir cannot be inserted into the apparatus In anf other than the correct position. In position the water-reservoir heat-conductor 32 engages the upper healing plate 31 by the operation of a biasing means 38 that biases the heating plate toward the water reservoir, ensuring efficient heat transfer between the heater and the water. The biasing means 58 Is preferably a heating plate 15 spring. Most advantageously, the Invention includes that the metal lid may be of the type commonly found in food packaging. The invention includes that a handle 38 may extend from the water reservoir. in such an embodiment the handle preferably includes at least one integrated hinge 39, Preferably the integrated hinge is moulded flat so that the handle automatically pops up for 20 convenient finger access when the lid 4 is disengaged into the open position. The handle 38 is also convenient for carrying the water reservoir from the apparatus to a household water tap. In operation the waler reservoir 30. is filled with water and replaced in position in 25 the apparatus, allowing engagement of the lid 4 into a closed position. The gas conduit connector 33 nests Into the lid 4 to move and hinge as one component. Once the lid 4 is engaged, the outer surface of the gas conduit connector 33 is also positioned to simultaneously engage with the water reservoir air seal 28 at the water reservoir opening 29. In operation disengagement of the lid 4 also 30 disengages the gas conduit connector sa simultaneously from -the water reservoir to enable fast and easy access and removal of the water reservoir 30, Preferably the gas conduit connector 33 is attached to a flexible gas conduit 40 providing pressurisec gas into the gas inlel 35 and maintaining an air seal at WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU200/00113 14 both ends of said flexible gas conduit while the lid 4 is in the open or closed positions. A most advantageous aspect of the invention is the single aperture 29 for both .5 the gas. inflow and outflow from the gas-delivery device, The invention includes that a gas conduit connector 33 incorporates adjacent gas Inflow conduit 35 and gas outflow conduit 34. Preferably, thegas flow conduits are concentric tubes, Preferably, the gas inflow conduit 35- is located inside the gas outflow conduit 34. In operation, pressurised, dry gas moves from the gas inflow conduit 34 to the 10 water reservoir 30 to make contact with the warm water surface 42 where the gas becomes humidified before flowing.through the gas outflow conduit 34. The invention includes a compact water reservoir large enough to hold adequate water to humidify enough breathinggas for a patient for a long night of sleep. 15 The water reservoir is.constructed so that a surface engages with the heating surface ot the heater, which is disposed generally at an acute angle 6f approximately 45 degrees. The location of the aperture 29 on a surface that is generally parallel with the surface engaging the heating surface allows the gas delivery device to be disposed can lay in a horizontaI orientation, such as on a 20 bedside table, or in a vertical orientation, such as on a wall, or any convenient intermediate orientation, without compromising the operation of the apparatus and its humidifier. Most advantageously, changing the angle of the apparatus by 20 degrees in any direction off the horizontal or vertical orientation will not result in any leakage of water from the water reservoir 30, 25 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of a humidifier constructed according to the invention. The temperature of the heater plate is the sole controlled variable in setting the gas humidity. The duty cycle of the heating element is used to control the heater plate temperature. A photo-coupled 30 zero-crossing triac driver is used to turn a triac on and off under control of the micro controller, The photo-coupling includes the isolation from the triac driver output (at mains potential) and the, micro-processor control signal. Zero-crossing switching reduces the EMI produced by the triac, WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 15 The invention includes that a computer program running on the microoontrofler controls the heater plate temperature to produce a user-selected humidity level. In one embodiment the gae-delivery device includes an ambient air temperature sensor and a plurality of user-requested humidity levels. The invention includes 5 that the temperature of tle air and the heater plate inputs, plus the air flow, rate, can be used by the computer prograrn to set the heater plate.temperature. Preferably, the gas-delivery device includes a-humidity sensor for ambient air to allow more. precise control of humidity. 10 The invention Includes that the humidifier is comprised of a mains-powered heater switched preferaDly by a triac, athermostat attached to the heater plate, and a thermistor attached to the heating plate to provide the software with temperature feedback. An ambient air temperature sensor to help determine the water temperature for the user selected humidity, and a humidity sensor which 15 may be mounted near the case extremity and shielded from heat sources inside the case. The gas-delivery device may include a manual reset button for the heater plate thermosta, which need not be accessible by the user, to Oirovide over 20 temperature protection in the event of a fault condition, Motor Control The control of the motor of the blower enables the blower to make rapid changes 25 in gas pressure and flow rate. As show in Figure 2, the gas-delivery device includes a motor and motor controller for a gas-delivery device, the motor and motor controller comprised of the major subsystems: * brushless DC motor incorporating a single Hall Effect sensor for rotor 30 position sensing * Digital Motor Controler, & motor driver and over current detection electronics, and WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 1$ Hall Effect sensor signal conditioning and analague-to-digital converter (ADC). Brushless DC Motor Brushless DC Motors known in the art require three Hall Effect sensors to provide the required rotor position information, The present invention incorporates a method of control that requires only a single Hall Effect position sensor, The gas-delivery device includes a motor that includes three windings, the winding configured in a star topology. According to the invention, the windings are energized in a predefined sinusoidal sequence in order to initiate and maintain -motor rotation. The duty cycle of this sequence determines how much 15 power the rnotor consumes, which in turm, governs the motor speed. Motor Drive Electronics The motor drive subsystem includes the electronics necessary to power the motor winding and sense the motor current The motor drive includes six 2n MOSFETs arranged in a configuration of three half-bridge drivers. These FETs provide power to the motor windings. It also contains the necessary level translators to convert LVCMOS signals from the Motor Controller into the appropriate MOSFET drive signals. 25 Motor-current sensing-circuitry, illustrated in Figure 3, is used to signal an over current condition to the motor pontroller, This allows the controller to shut down the motor in the event of an over-ourrent fault. According to the invention this is implemented by a fixed-level over-current threshold detector. The invention' includes two parts to the current feedback subsystem. A first part is a simple So low-pass filter amplifier to amplify and filter the voltage over the current sense resistor. A second part is a simple comparator with hysteresis to detect an over current fault. The output of the comparator drives directly into the motor controller.
WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 17 Motor Position Feedback According to the Invention the motor has a single Hall Effect sensor that is used to detect the position of the rotor. The signal is converted to- a digital value by an 5 AOC. Motor Controller According to the invention, the motor controller spins the gas.delivery device motor. According to the application, eg. CPAP, APAP, BIPAP. or-VPAP, the 10 controller causes the motor to spin at an appropriate frequency. It uses a single Hall Effect sensor to receive rotor position feedback and it uses this to generate three sinusoidal PWM drive signals. The motor Gontroller includes the following inputs and outputs: 15 * ON/OFF, Input to turn motor on or off via the microprocessor interface. Motor Gain. Input to set motor speed via the microprocessor interface, ' Phase. Input to set the relative phase between the Hall Effect position sensor and Phase 0 drive to motor winding 1 * Over-current. This input signals an over current condition has occurred 20 and causes the Motor Controller to stop the motor. * SPI Interface. The bidirectional SPI interface periodically samples the Hall Effect position ADC and transfers the data into the controller. Phape 0. High and Low signals for motor winding 1 drive electronics. Phase 120. High and Low signals for motor winding 2 drivp electronics. 25 This signal is 120 degrees ot of phase with respect to Phase 0.. * Phase 240. High and Low signals for motor winding 3 drive electronics, This signal is 120 degrees out of phase with respect to Phase 120. The motor controller block diagram shown in Figure 4 is herein described as an 30 illustration of implementation of the inventipri.
WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 ADC Driver The ADC Driver is an SPI interface that samples the Hall Effect Sensor ADO every 2040 clock cycles (5.1 ps). It outputs the raw rotor position as a 12-bit number and generates a sample enable signal with each new sample. This 5 triggers the following subsystems to process the new data. When rotating, the output of the Hall Effect sensor is a sinusold when represented graphically. The graphic above the ADC Driver block in Figure 4 shows the digitised raw Hall Effect Sensor signal obtained for 1 rotor revolution. The 'y' axis represents the ADO value (D to 1023). Note that the minimum value is always > 0 and the 10 maximum is always < 102& Level Shift The rotor position is processed to work out the period and maximum and minimum values, This subsystem calculates the peak to peak amplitude (max ADC value - mn ADC value) of the position-sensor raw data samples. This 15 value is recalculated every eight motor periods. The current raw'data sample is level shifted by subtracting min ADC value from it and output to the Normalization subsystem as Signal Adjusted. Figure 4 shows the Level Shifted waveform. Normalisation 20 This subsystem processes the peak to peak amplitude and current Signal Adjusted sample to normalise the signal so that the position is within the range of 0 to 1023. Figure 4 shows the Normalised waveform. The normalized signal is clipped to 10 bits resolution and fed to the Period subsystem where it is processed to determine rotor period. Rotor period is a measure of system clocks 25 per rotor revolution. The motor is commutated by a 12 sample digital sine wave oscillator which is generated from within this subsystem. The sync rising input signals that the rotor is at the zero crossing position, resetting the sine wave oscillator to position 0; Thus the sine wave oscillator is phase locked to the zero crossing point. After every Period/12 system clocks the current sine wave 30 oscillator value is incremented according to the invention, If motor speed exceeds a predefined level the current sine wave oscillator value is multiplied by WO 2007/045017 19 PCT/AU206/0015 13 the gain input and subsequently clipped to 10 bits. The gain input is a 10 bit. value controlled by the rnfcroprocessor interface that includes motor speed. control- According to the-invention, if the motor speed Is less than the predefined level the system gain is set to a fixed value in order to ensure reliable S motor starting, Period Detect The Period Detect subsystem calculates the rotor period in terms of system clocks per rotor revolution. A low-to-high most-significant-bit ,(msb) transition of the normalised signal input represents the zero crossing point. The number of 10 system clocks between such transitions is given as the period. To provide a level of filtering the period value is an average of current and previous period calculations. The phase Input allows a user selectable (via the microprocessor interlace) phase shift to be added into the system. This is used to optimize motor performance and accounts for sensor position with respect to winding 1. this is 15 .an 8-bit value where a value of 128 represents a phase shift of 180 degrees, The phase. 0 delay output contains the number of ADC samples to delay in order to obtain the required phase shift. The phase 120 delay output contains the number of ADO samples to wait in order to obtain a 120 degree phase shift. Three Phase Generation 20 The drive signal is passed through 3 delay (Ines to generate the 0, 1 204 and 240t driversignals. The 01 delay line Is used to synchronise the zero crossing point to the rotor position. The 120' and 240" delay lines are adjusted dynamically using a third of the period to work out how much each line should be delayed. 25 Symmetrical PWM Generation The three sine waves are then pulse-wldth modulated. The pulses te aligned symmetrically about a centre point According to the invention this is done by using a triangular reference waveform, rather than the standard sawtooth reference. Figure 5 shows the operation of the PWM function. Each input WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 20 sample is modulated by the ramp function, producing a binary output whose logic one pulse width is proportional to th6 magnitude of the 10 bit input sample. Thus the gain setting In the Normalisation subsystem has the effect of adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM outputs. The larger the pulse width the more power is 5 delivered to the motor and hence the faster the motor will rotate. Motor H Drive Each PWM signal is converted into 2 complementary drive signals, one for a N channel FET and the other for a P channel FET, When, switching from the N to 10 P FETs (and vice versa) a small amount of dead-time is inserted to prevent both the N and Pohannels turning on at the same time and shorting the 9V rails. This reduces the power dissipation in the FETs and also noise generation. Electronic Sub-systems 15 The.invention incorporiAtes two printed circuit boards (PCBs), configured as shown in Figure 7. The CPU Block is responsible for: 20 * The APAP algorithm * The Humidifier controller * Data logging a Visual display - Audio tones 25 * High level data communication * The Memory Block consists of computer memory. The LCD Block contains an LCD display, preferably with a white LED. It is used to provide visual feedback to the user. The RTC uses a real-time clock chip. It WO 2007/045017 .PCT/AU2006/001513 will have backup power for data retention, In addition to keeping time, the clock is also used to maintain state information about the gas delivery device so that operation can be recovered in the event of a power failure. The EEPROM stores the calibration data for the unit. Both of these devices Communicate with 5 the CPU Block, The Debug/RS232 Block contains the necessary interface connector/logic for an Ethernet or RS232 transceiver for diagnostic and control purposes. The Keypad block includes four LED backlit buttons to control the unit. The buttons are arranged in a row, One button may function as both an on/off switch io and mode selection button, The other buttons are option selection buttons. The FPGA Block includes the following functionality * The motor controller a A CPU interface for the sensor signals (flow, pressure, ambient temperature, plate temperature and humidity) 15 - A CPU interface for the SD card ' CPU interface for the Ethernet Controller e A CPU interface and controller for the Buzzer block The Buzzer Block is used to provide auditory feedback for button presses and 20 alarms. The Sensor ADO includes analogue-to-digital conversion for the flow, pressure and plate temperature sensor signals. The pressure sensor measures the pressure of the generated airflow, A differential pressure technique Is used to measure the rate of airflow. It includes plate temperature feedback for the 25 humidifier controller, The power supply takes a DC Input and generates four voltages. The Heater Block contains the switching mechanism and isolation for the corlrol of the humidifier heater plate. The SD Card Block consists of a SD Card holder and necessary logic to interface the FPGA Block to a SD Card. The. RS232 or Ethernet Block contains either a connector for either serial or.LAN 30 connection.
WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/001513 22 The invention includes that the FPGA controls the-operation of the motor. The CPU interface allows a microprocessor to control the FPQA, The Decoder is a standalone block that performs chip selection for the interface. The Sensor ADC 5 Interface performs a serial to parallel conversion. The interface reads channels and stores the result in registers accessible via the CPU Interface. The Temperature interface performs a serial to parallel conversion for a temperature sensr. The temperature is stored in a register accessible via the CPU Interface. The Humidity interface performs a period measurement on the humidity signal 10 from the Main PCB of the gas delivery device. The result is accessible via the CPU Interface. The buzzer controller generates a square wave signal for driving a buzzer, preferably a piezo buzzer. The frequency and duty cycle are programmable via the CPU Interface. 15 The Card Controller includes read and write buffering for accessing the card on the gas delivery device. It is designed to releve processing from the processor. Description of Software/Firmware The invention includes firmware that is a pre-emptive multitasking system. 20 . The main parts to the gas delivery device firmware include: # The Kernel o The Fault task w The Auto CPAP algorithm 25 9 The Humidifier task. , The SD Card task. * The Command task. * The Comrnmunications task. * The Display task.
.WO 2007/045017 PCT/AU2006/00 I513 23 a The Watchdog task. a The.FPGA Download functions. * The Firmware Upgrade functions. o The FleakTime Clock functions. 5 The E 2 PROM functions. The Kernel is the underlying OS that co-ordinates the swapping between tasks and handles low-level tasks such as interrupt handling and QSPI access. The Fault task is the highest priority task. It functions to monitor the motor for fault 10 conditions and to then take appropriate actions to shutdown and report the fault. The Humidifier task functions to control the humidifier heater. It controls how much power is applied to the heater to produce a certain amount of humidity, based on the current ambient temperature and humidity. The SD Card task logs data' produced by the algorithm, fault and humidifier tasks to a SD card. The 15 Command task is a basic monitor program that allows the invention to be controlled via a serial port or a 10/100 Ethernet port, The Communications task will either control a serial port or 10/100 Ethernet port. The Display task controls the LCD and buzzer, It also provides the alarm/clock functionality for the unit. The remaining four parts include sets of utility ,functions that provide access to 20. various parts of the gas delivery device. These include the FPGA downloading, real-time clock interfacing, EFPROM access and FLASH/Firmware reprogramming.
WO 2007/045017 24 PCT/AU2006/001513 Table 1. Acronyms used in this document CPU Central Processing Unit EIPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EMI Electro-magnetic Interference FFT . Field Effect Transistor FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array LCD Liquid Crystal Display LED Light Emitting Diode LVCMQS Low Voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor PWM . Pulse Width Modulation RTC Real Time Clock SPI Seria Peripheral interface

Claims (6)

1. A method for delivering pressured gas from a gas delivery device, the method comprising the steps of: pressurising ambient gas with an impeller; and directing the pressurised gas through a conduit; wherein the pressurising step includes detecting the position of the impeller with a single sensor means.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the single sensor means is a Hall effect sensor.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of humidifying the gas.
4. A gas delivery device comprising: a blower motor in a casing; a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a conduit for directing pressurised gas from the gas outlet; wherein the blower motor comprises of an impeller for pressuring gas; and a single sensor means for detecting the position of the impeller.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the sensor means comprises of a Hall effect sensor.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 or claim 5, further comprising a water reservoir.
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