AU2008201461B8

AU2008201461B8 - Louver front faced inlet ducts

Info

Publication number: AU2008201461B8
Application number: AU2008201461A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Paul Alvin Sechrist; Michael Jerome Vetter
Original assignee: UOP LLC
Current assignee: Honeywell UOP LLC
Priority date: 2006-07-19
Filing date: 2008-03-28
Publication date: 2011-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2027-07-09
Also published as: AU2008201461A1; AU2008201461B2

Description

P/00/011 Regulation 3.2 AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT ORIGINAL TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: UOP LLC Actual Inventors: MICHAEL JEROME VETTER PAUL ALVIN SECHRIST Address for Service: Houlihan 2 Level 1, 70 Doncaster Road, Balwyn North, Victoria 3104, Australia Invention Title: LOUVER FRONT FACED INLET DUCTS The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of perfonning it known to the Applicant:- LOUVER FRONT FACED INLET DUCTS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to the contacting of fluids and solid materials. Specifically, this invention relates to the internals of reactors used in the contact of fluids and 5 solid particles with respect to conduit design for the radial flow of fluids in fluid solid contacting. A wide variety of processes use radial flow reactors to provide for contact between a fluid and a solid. The solid usually comprises a catalytic material on which the fluid reacts to form a product The processes cover a range of processes, including hydrocarbon conversion, 10 gas treatment, and adsorption for separation. Radial flow reactors are constructed such that the reactor has an annular structure and that there are annular distribution and collection devices. The devices for distribution and collection incorporate some type of screened surface. The screened surface is for holding catalyst beds in place and for aiding in the distribution of pressure over the surface of the 15 reactor to facilitate radial flow through the reactor bed. The screen can be a mesh, either wire or other material, or a punched plate. For a moving bed, the screen or mesh provides a barrier to prevent the loss of solid catalyst particles while allowing fluid to flow through the bed. Solid catalyst particles are added at the top, and flow through the apparatus and removed at the bottom, while passing through a screened-in enclosure that permits the flow of fluid over 20 the catalyst. The screen is preferably constructed of a non-reactive material, but in reality the screen often undergoes some reaction through corrosion, and over time problems arise from the corroded screen or mesh. One type of inlet distribution device is a reactor internal having a scallop shape and is described in US 6,224,838 and US 5,366,704. The scallop shape and design provides for 26 good distribution of gas for the inlet of a radial flow reactor, but uses screens or meshes to prevent the passage of solids. The scallop shape is convenient because it allows for easy placement in a reactor without concern regarding the curvature of the vessel wall. The screens or meshes used to hold the catalyst particles within a bed are sized to have apertures sufficiently small that the particles cannot pass through. A current inlet duet design, 30 OptiMiserT" by United States Filter Corp., PCT application no. WO 01/66239 A2, has an -2improved shape, but still uses a screen comprised of wires having a sufficiently narrow spacing to prevent the passage of catalyst. A significant problem is the corrosion of meshes or screens used to hold catalyst beds in place, or for the distribution of reactants through a reactor bed. Corrosion can plug apertures to a screen or mesh, creating dead volumes where 5 fluid does not flow. Corrosion can also create larger apertures where the catalyst particles can then flow out of the catalyst bed with the fluid and be lost to the process increasing costs. This produces unacceptable losses of catalyst, and increases costs because of the need to add additional makeup catalyst. The design of reactors to overcome these limitations can save significantly on 10 downtime for repairs and on the loss of catalyst, which is a significant portion of the cost of processing hydrocarbons. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides for an apparatus comprising a vertically elongated inlet duct for directing a fluid in a radial reactor comprising a front face, two side faces, and a 15 rear face, wherein the front face comprises a louvered structure comprising a plate having apertures defined therein and louvers extending outward from the duct where the louvers have a leading edge and a trailing edge and where the louver leading edge is affixed to the plate at a position above at least one aperture, and the louver trailing edge extends away from the plate and in a downward direction, where the radial reactor has an inner reaction zone 20 disposed within a reactor vessel, and where the front face and rear face have a curved structure, and where the radius of curvature for the front face is equal to the radius of the reactor solid particle zone and the radius of curvature for the rear face is equal to the radius of the reactor vessel. 25 The present invention also provides for an apparatus comprising a vertically elongated inlet duct for directing a fluid in a radial reactor comprising a front face, two side faces, and a rear face, wherein the front face comprises a louvered structure comprising a plate having apertures defined therein and louvers extending outward from the duct where the louvers have a leading edge and a trailing edge and where the louver leading edge is affixed 30 to the plate at a position above at least one aperture, and the louver trailing edge extends away -3from the plate and in a downward direction, where the radial reactor has an inner reaction zone disposed within a reactor vessel, and where the front face and rear face have a flat structure, and where the width of the front face forms a chord to a circle having a radius of the reactor solid particle zone and the width of the rear face forms a chord to circle having a 5 radius of the reactor vessel. In another embodiment, the present invention is an improved radial flow apparatus comprising: a vertically oriented, substantially cylindrical vessel having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; 10 a vertically oriented center pipe disposed within the vessel and having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, where either the fluid inlet or fluid outlet comprises apertures in the center pipe wall; and a plurality of vertical outer ducts arranged circunferentially around the interior of the vessel wall, each outer duct comprising: 15 a front face, two side faces, and a rear face, where the rear face is proximate to the cylindrical vessel wall, and the front face comprises a plate having apertures defined therein with louvers affixed to the front face and extend outward from the duct, where the louvers have a leading edge affixed to the front face at a position above at least one aperture and a trailing edge 20 that extends away from the plate and in a downward direction; where a particle retention volume is defined by the space between front faces of the ducts and the wall of the center pipe. -3A- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram of a louvered inlet duct; Figure 2 is a diagram of the louvered inlet ducts arrayed around the inside of a reactor housing; and 5 Figure 3 is a diagram of a recessed embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A problem exists with radial flow reactors where a catalyst flows down an annular region, and the annular region is defined by an inner screened partition and an outer screened partition, which defines the catalyst bed, or a particle retention volume for 10 holding a granular solid. In a typical radial reactor, a fluid, usually a gas, flows into an annular region surrounding the reactor, flows across the partitions and catalyst bed, and exits into a centerpipe where the resulting effluent is withdrawn. The fluid reacting with the catalyst to produce a product fluid, also usually a gas. The reactor holds the catalyst in with screens where the gas flows through. The partitions need holes 15 sufficiently small to prevent catalyst particles from passing, but the holes are subject to plugging and creating dead spaces where the gas doesn't flow, as well as the partitions are subject to erosion and corrosion, creating holes that allow for catalyst to spill out. The inlet annular region comprises a series of channels for directing the fluid into the reactor. The channels comprise vertically elongated ducts where each duct has a 20 front face, two side faces, and a rear face. The duct, as shown in Figure 1, has a substantially trapezoidal cross-section, such that when the ducts are arrayed in a cylindrical reactor housing, as shown in Figure 2, the ducts form a toroidal structure with the rear faces of the ducts facing the reactor housing 40, and the front faces of the ducts facing a reaction zone that holds the catalyst bed. The front face 12 of the duct 10 25 comprises a plate with apertures 14 defined therein. The apertures 14 are spaced over the front face 12 to provide for a uniform distribution of inlet fluids to the catalyst in the reaction zone. The apertures 14 are covered with louvers 16 to prevent the flow of catalyst through the apertures 14. The louvers 16 have a leading edge 18 affixed to the front face 12 and a trailing edge 20 extending away from the front face 12 and into the 30 zone for containing catalyst. For purposes of this invention, the terms leading edge 18 -4and trailing edge 20 are with respect to the flow of solid particles through the reactor. The leading edge 18 is the upstream edge with respect to the direction of flow of the solid particles, and the trailing edge 20 is the downstream edge. The particles flow through the reactor, and particles flowing along the front face 12 will contact the 5 leading edge 18 first, flow along the louver 16 and contact the trailing edge 20. This design reduces fouling tendencies and problems associated with corrosion, such as plugging, or destruction of the mesh that lets catalyst through the face of the inlet duct. The apertures 14 are sized sufficiently large to provide a free flow of fluid through the apertures 14, and preferably are substantially larger than the size of the 10 catalyst particles in the reactor. The front face 12 with apertures 14 can be fabricated according to any method known to those skilled in the art, include drilling holes or punching holes. The invention also reduces the pressure drop across the front face of the inlet duct. The louvers 16 are disposed at an angle between i" and 89" from vertical, where 15 an angle of 0" means the louvers 16 would lay flat along the surface of the front face 12, and an angle of 900 means the louvers 16 would be oriented perpendicularly to the front face 12. However, the greater the angle, the greater the chance of creating a hold up of the catalyst, and an angle greater than 600 would present potential problems with catalyst hold up. It is preferred that the louvers 16 are oriented at an angle between 100 20 and 30* from vertical. The angle, as used herein is the angle formed by the louver 16 with the front face 12 of the duct In one embodiment, the louvers 16 have a length defined as the distance between the leading edge 18 and the trailing edge 20 of the louver 16. The apertures 14 in the front face 12 have an upper edge and a lower edge, where the upper edge is the point on 25 the aperture that is highest on the front face 12, and the lower edge is the point on the aperture that is lowest on the front face 12, where the duct 10 is oriented in a vertical direction. A louver 16 in the present embodiment extends to a distance of at least the lower edge of the apertures that it covers. In a preferred embodiment, the length of the louvers 16 is sufficient to have the louver trailing edge 20 extend a distance below the 30 aperture lower edge equal to the distance of the gap between the louver 16 and the front face 12. -5- In another embodiment, the louvers 16 have side edges, and the louvers 16 further comprises extensions 26, where each extension 26 is affixed to one edge of the louver 16 and to the front face, forming an awning like structure over the apertures 14. The structure of the ducts 10 have a substantially trapezoidal cross-section. When 5 the ducts 10 are arrayed around the inside of the reactor housing 40, the side faces 22 would lie on radial lines that go from the center of the reactor housing 40 to the reactor housing walls. In one embodiment, the front face 12 and the rear face 24 are substantially flat surfaces, with the front face 12 comprising a surface with apertures 14. This provides for convenient construction of the ducts 10, were the louvers 16 arc 10 affixed to the front face 12 after the apertures 14 are made. In fabricating the ducts 10, the louvers 16 can be affixed to the front face 12 before attachment to the side faces 22, or the louvers 16 can be affixed to the front face 12 after the front face 12 is attached to the side faces 22. The side faces 22 and the rear face 24 can be fabricated from a single sheet of metal formed into an open box before the attachment of the front face 12. 15 In one embodiment, the ducts 10 have a substantially trapezoidal cross-section as described above, but with the front face 12 and the rear face 24 having a curvature to equal the radius of curvature of a circle with the circle's.center at the center of the reactor housing 40 and the radius equal to the distance of each face from the center. A variation on these two embodiments is that one of either the front face 12 or rear face 20 24 is curved. In another embodiment, the ducts 10 have a substantially rectangular cross section. The creates a small gap between adjacent ducts 10, with the front faces 12 touching the edges of neighboring front faces 12. By fabricating the ducts 10 with substantially rectangular cross-sections, the ducts are more easily fabricated and provide 25 for room fitting the ducts into the reactor housing 40. In addition, the ducts 10 can be placed within the reactor housing 40 with a small gap between the ducts 10, and a covering plate (not shown) can be placed over the gap to prevent the catalyst from entering the space between the ducts 10. In a variation of the covering plates, the ducts 10 can be fabricated with overlaying flange portions (not shown). The flange portions 30 would be attached to only one side of the duct 10, such that when the ducts 10 are positioned inside the reactor housing 40 a flange portion will cover an edge of the front -6face 12 of a-neighboring duct 10. The use of overlaying flange portions allows for room to fit the ducts 10 within the reactor housing 40 without requiring an exact fit with no room for thermal expansion and contraction of the ducts 10 during any heating and cooling cycles of the reactor. 5 In another embodiment, the ducts 10 have a substantially trapezoidal cross section, and the ducts 10 are as described above. However, the trapezoidal cross section is such that the width of the front face 12 is greater than the width of the rear face 24. This embodiment creates void spaces between neighboring ducts 10, and requires the use of a covering plate to cover any gap between neighboring front faces 10 12, or the use of an overlaying flange portion with each duct 10 to cover any gap. The covering plate or flange portion prevent the movement of catalyst particles into the void spaces between the neighboring ducts 10. A further feature that can be included in the ducts 10 include support bars, disposed within the duct 10, or on the exterior of the ducts 10 that provide structural 15 rigidity to the ducts. In one embodiment, the invention comprises an improved radial flow apparatus. The apparatus can be an adsorber, a reactor, or any operations unit requiring radial flow. The apparatus comprises a vertically oriented and substantially cylindrical vessel having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. Inside the apparatus, a vertically oriented centerpipe is 20 disposed within the vessel and is located substantially in the center of the cylindrical vessel. The center pipe can be either a fluid inlet or a fluid outlet, where the wall of the centerpipe include openings, or apertures, for the fluid to pass through the wall of the centerpipe. The apparatus further includes a plurality of vertical ducts arranged circumferentially around the cylindrical vessel, and along the inside of the cylindrical 25 vessel wall. The ducts have a transverse cross-section having a substantially trapezoidal or rectangular shape. The ducts have a front face facing toward the centerpipe, a rear face facing the inside surface of the cylindrical vessel wall, and in contact with the vessel wall, and two side faces connecting the front face to the rear face. The front face further includes apertures defined therein to allow for the flow of 30 fluid across the front face. The apertures are covered by a louver that prevents catalyst -7particles flowing through the reactor from passing through the apertures in the front face of the ducts. The ducts with the louvers are as described above. The ducts are separated from the centerpipe to define a space for holding solid particles, and in a particular embodiment, the solid particles are catalyst particles. 5 The apparatus provides for a fluid that is flowing into the apparatus to be directed into the vertically arrayed ducts. The fluid flows down the ducts and through the apertures in the front face, then across the solid particle, or catalyst, bed to the centerpipe. The fluid flows through the openings in the centerpipe, and is carried out of the apparatus. 10 In one embodiment, the improved inlet flow devices comprise a recessed front face as shown in Figure 3. The apparatus comprises a vertically elongated inlet duct 10 having a front face 12, two side faces 22, and a rear face 24. The front face 12 is disposed between the two side faces 22 and recessed from the edges 28 of the side faces 22. The front face 12 has apertures 14 defined in the front face 12, where fluid entering 15 the duct 10 can exit through the apertures 14 and flow across a reactor volume. Affixed to the front face 12 are a plurality of louvers 16 extending outwardly from the front face 12. The louvers 16 have a leading edge 18 affixed to the front face 12 at a position above at least one aperture 14, and the trailing edge 20 extending away from the front face 12 and in a downward direction. The louvers 16 extend across the front face 12 20 from one side face 22 to the other side face 22, and are affixed to the side faces 22 along the edge of the louvers 16. The louvers 16 extend away from the front face 12 at an angle between I* and 89* from vertical, and preferably at an angle between 100 and 30" from vertical. The recessed front face design allows for convenient insertion of the apparatus in existing cross-flow reactors, where the reactors might have screens, but the 25 screens have corrosion or erosion problems and would normally need to be replaced. The use of this invention obviates the need for replacing corroded screens and allows for bringing a reactor on line faster. While the invention has been described with what are presently considered the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the 30 disclosed embodiments, but it is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. - 8- Where the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or "comprising" are used in this specification, they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components referred to, but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other feature, integer, step, component or group thereof. Further, any prior art reference or statement provided in the specification is not to be taken as an admission that such art constitutes, or is to be understood as constituting, part of the common general knowledge in Australia. -9-

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising a vertically elongated inlet duct for directing a fluid in a radial reactor comprising a front face, two side faces, and a rear face, wherein the front face comprises a louvered structure comprising a plate having apertures defined therein and 5 louvers extending outward from the duct where the louvers have a leading edge and a trailing edge and where the louver leading edge is affixed to the plate at a position above at least one aperture, and the louver trailing edge extends away from the plate and in a downward direction, where the radial reactor has an inner reaction zone disposed within a reactor vessel, and where the front face and rear face have a curved structure, and where the radius of 10 curvature for the front face is equal to the radius of the reactor solid particle zone and the radius of curvature for the rear face is equal to the radius of the reactor vessel.

2. An apparatus comprising a vertically elongated inlet duct for directing a fluid in a radial reactor comprising a front face, two side faces, and a rear face, wherein the front face comprises a louvered structure comprising a plate having apertures defined therein and 15 louvers extending outward from the duct where the louvers have a leading edge and a trailing edge and where the louver leading edge is affixed to the plate at a position above at least one aperture, and the louver trailing edge extends away from the plate and in a downward direction, where the radial reactor has an inner reaction zone disposed within a reactor vessel, and where the front face and rear face have a flat structure, and where the width of the front 20 face forms a chord to a circle having a radius of the reactor solid particle zone and the width of the rear face forms a chord to circle having a radius of the reactor vessel.

3. The apparatus of claims 1 or 2 where the louvers are disposed at an angle between V and 894 from vertical.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 where the louvers are disposed at an angle between 100 25 and 30* from vertical.

5. The apparatus of any one of claims I to 4 where the apertures have an upper edge and a lower edge and where the louvers have a length from the leading edge to the trailing edge and where the length of the louver is great enough to extend the trailing edge of the louver to be a distance at least as far as the lower edge of the apertures covered by the louver. 10

6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5 where the apertures have side edges, the louvers have side edges, and the apparatus further comprises a pair of extensions, wherein each extension is affixed to one edge of the louver and the front face.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprising support bars disposed 5 within the duct to provide rigidity.

8. An improved radial flow apparatus comprising: a vertically oriented, substantially cylindrical vessel having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a vertically oriented center pipe disposed within the vessel and having a fluid inlet and 10 a fluid outlet, where either the fluid inlet or fluid outlet comprises apertures in the center pipe wall; and a plurality of vertical outer ducts arranged circumferentially around the interior of the vessel wall, each outer duct comprising: a front face, two side faces, and a rear face, where the rear face is proximate to 15 the cylindrical vessel wall, and the front face comprises a plate having apertures defined therein with louvers affixed to the front face and extend outward from the duct, where the louvers have a leading edge affixed to the front face at a position above at least one aperture and a trailing edge that extends away from the plate and in a downward direction; 20 where a particle retention volume is defined by the space between front faces of the ducts and the wall of the center pipe.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the rear face and side faces of the outer ducts are non-perforated surfaces.

10. The apparatus of claims 8 or 9 where the fluid inlet communicates with the 25 interior of the outer ducts and the center pipe communicates with the fluid outlet to create a radially inward fluid flow path through the particle retention volume.

11. The apparatus of any one of claims 8 to 10 where the louvers are disposed at an angle between 100 and 30' from vertical. 11

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 8 to 11 where the apertures have side edges, the louvers have side edges, and the apparatus further comprises a pair of extensions, wherein each extension is affixed to one edge of the louver and the front face.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 8 to 12 further comprising an inlet for solid 5 particles and an outlet for solid particles, wherein the inlet and outlet are in fluid communication with the particle retention volume.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 8 to 13 wherein the vertical outer ducts have a transverse cross-section having a substantially trapezoidal shape.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 8 to 13 wherein the vertical outer ducts have a 10 transverse cross-section having a substantially rectangular shape.

16. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 15 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the drawings. - 12-