AU2007214496B2 - Resonant tag - Google Patents

Description

RESONANT TAG CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-035975 filed on February 14, 2006 entitled RESONANT TAG and whose entire disclosure is incorporated by reference herein. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a resonant tag used for the prevention of shoplifting or the like, and more particularly, to a resonant tag that can be made extremely thin for use on very small items while not compromising performance. 2. DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART Mere reference to background art herein should not be construed as an admission that such art constitutes common general knowledge in relation to the invention. In retail shops, libraries or the like, a surveillance system including a resonant tag that resonates with a radio wave, a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna has been used for the prevention of shoplifting purposes. The resonant tag is composed of an insulating film, a coil and a plate made of a conductive metal foil formed on one side of the insulating film, and a plate made of a conductive metal foil formed on the other side, which constitute an LC circuit and resonates with a radio wave at a particular fiequency. If an article with the resonant tag attached passes through a surveillance area without being checked out, the resonant tag resonates with the radio wave from the transmitting antenna, and the receiving antenna detects the resonant and generates an alarm. A typically used resonant frequency is 5 to 15 MHz, because frequencies within the range can be easily distinguished from various noise frequencies. In the electric article surveillance (EAS), a frequency of 8.2 MHz is most popularly used, and in the radio frequency identification (RFID), a frequency of 13.56 MHz is most popularly used. According to the prior art, even the smallest resonant tag has a significantly large size of 32 mm by 35 mm of rectangular shape and is difficult to attach to small cosmetics items, gems or the like. This is due to the fict that it has been impossible to produce a circuit that has a size meeting the market demand while maintaining the capability of resonating at a frequency of 5 to 15 MHz and maintaining a sufficient gain. The inventors have previously developed a small tag that has a special configuration in which a coil is formed on each side of an insulating film (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-167366). However, this tag has a disadvantage that the coil circuits formed on the opposite sides of the 2 206324.1 insulating film have to be precisely aligned with each other, so that the tag is difficult to manufacture. In addition, there is a problem that, since the metal-foil coils are formed on the both sides of the insulating film, the tag is thick, has a rough touch, is less flexible and is less suitable for handling by a hand labeler. By way of example only, Figs. 1-3 depict another prior art resonant tag 10 which includes a coil 11 and a first capacitor plate 12 on one side (Fig. 1) of a substrate 13 and a second capacitor plate 14 on the other side of the substrate 13 (Fig. 2). Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of this prior art tag showing a typical substrate thickness, t, of approximately 20 microns, which tends to be the thinnest dielectric that can be formed using conventional dielectric forming methods (e.g., extruding polyethylene between the metal layer). Adhesive layers 15 and 17 secure the metal layers to the substrate 13 respectively. All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a resonant tag mainly used in a radio-wave detection system for the prevention of shoplifting purposes or the like that has a coil circuit formed on only one side and is reduced in size and improved in performance. As a result of earnest study, the inventors have found that the object described above can be attained if an extremely thin polypropylene film is used as an insulating film, and the insulating film and metal foils are laminated using a particular adhesive, and achieved the present invention. Briefly, the present invention is as follows. A resonant tag resonates with a radio wave at a predetermined frequency and comprises: a biaxially-oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of approximately 8 pm or less; a first circuit comprising a first metal foil (e.g., aluminum) including a coil portion and a plate portion, which comprises a first capacitor plate, formed on one side of the polypropylene film; a second circuit made of a second metal foil (e.g., aluminum) including a plate section which comprises a second capacitor plate, formed on the other side of the polypropylene film; and wherein both circuits comprise an LC circuit by being electrically connected and wherein the metal foils and the polypropylene film are laminated to each other by a styrene-based or olefin-based adhesive. The resonant tag as described previously wherein the resonant tag has an area of approximately 750 mm 2 or less. The resonant tag as described previously in which the predetermined resonant frequency is approximately 5 to 15 MHz. A method for producing a resonant tag that resonates with a radio wave at a 2 predetermined frequency (e.g., approximately 5 to 15 MHz), comprising: providing a biaxially-oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of approximately 8 pm or less; applying a first adhesive (e.g., a styrene-based or olefin-based adhesive) to one side of the polypropylene film; applying a first metal foil (e.g., aluminum) to the first adhesive; applying a second adhesive (e.g., a styrene-based or olefin-based adhesive) to the other side of the polypropylene film; applying a second metal foil (e.g., aluminum) to the second adhesive to form a laminate; and feeding the laminate to an etching process to remove portions of the first and second foils to form an LC circuit. A method for producing a resonant tag that resonates with a radio wave at a predetermined frequency (e.g., approximately 5 to 15 MHz), comprising: providing a biaxially-oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of approximately 8 pm or less; applying a first adhesive (e.g., a styrene-based or olefin-based adhesive) to one side of a first metal foil (e.g., aluminum) ; applying a second adhesive (e.g., a styrene-based or olefin based adhesive) to one side of a second metal foil (e.g., aluminum); applying the first metal foil with the first adhesive and the second metal foil with the second adhesive to respective sides of a polypropylene film to form a laminate; and feeding the laminate to an etching process to remove portions of the first and second foils to form an LC circuit. The resonant tag according to the present invention achieves high performance, although the resonant tag has a coil only on one side thereof. If the tag has the same size as the conventional tag, the tag achieves higher performance than the conventional one. If the tag achieves the same performance as the conventional tag, the tag has a smaller size than the conventional one. For example, the tag according to the present invention having a size of 34 mm by 36 mm can achieve substantially the same performance as a conventional tag having a size of 40 mm by 40 mm. Even if the size is equal to or less than 750 mm 2 ,the lag according to the present invention resonates at a frequency of 5 to 15 MHz and has a sufficient gain. Since the coil is formed only on one side, the manufacture is less difficult, a practically sufficient tolerance of alignment of the print patterns on the opposite sides is ensured, and a printing method having a sufficient productive capacity can be used. And astonishingly, the variation of the resonant frequency is extremely small. In addition, the tag is characterized also by a high gain per unit area. The present invention can provide such a high performance small tag. In particular, the present invention can provide a resonant tag having a rectangular outer shape (including square) and a size of 25 mm by 28 mm or smaller, and furthermore, a resonant 3 tag having a size of 23 mm by 26 mm or smaller. Of course, the present invention can provide a larger resonant tag. In addition, the thickness of the tag can be reduced compared with conventional ones. Furthermore, the present invention can provide a narrow elongated resonant tag, which has been difficult to realize in terms of performance, and thus has a wider variety of commercial applications, such as cosmetic items. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS A preferred embodiment of the invention will be described in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals designate like elements and wherein: Fig. 1 is an enlarged plan view of one side of a prior art resonant tag; Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the other side of the prior art resonant tag of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the prior art resonant tag taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a resonant tag according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention with the capacitor plate on the other, or second, side of the substrate being shown in phantom; Fig. 5 is an enlarged plan view of the first side of the resonant tag of the preferred embodiment; Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of the capacitor plate and associated conductor for use on the second side of the substrate of the resonant tag of the preferred embodiment; Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the resonant tag of the preferred embodiment taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 4; Fig. 8 shows a resonant curve measured using a network analyzer; Fig. 9A is a diagram of the formation process according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9B is a diagram of an alternative formation process according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of the capacitor plates showing the thin sections in each plate of the present invention; Fig. II A is a block diagram of a resonant tag detection system using a discrete transmitter and receiver; and Fig. 11 B is a block diagram of a resonant tag detection system using transceivers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As shown in Figs. 4-7, the resonant tag 20 according to a preferred embodiment of the 4 2063241 present invention has a circuit composed of a coil portion 1 and one of the plate portion 2 of a capacitor on one side and a circuit composed of the other plate portion 3 of the capacitor on the other side. The both circuits constitute an LC circuit by being electrically connected such that the plate portion 2 is electrically connected to one end of the coil portion 1 and wherein the other end of the coil portion 1 is electrically connected to the other plate 3. The plate portions preferably have a thin part (lOA and 10B, see Fig. 10) that has a thinner insulating film than the other parts so that dielectric breakdown occurs when a voltage is applied thereto. Once an article with the resonant tag is purchased, a predetermined voltage is applied to the thin part to cause dielectric breakdown, thereby making the resonant tag incapable of resonating with a radio wave at a predetermined frequency. An insulating film 4 (Fig. 7) used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is made of polypropylene, and preferably, a biaxially oriented polypropylene. The insulating film 4 has a thickness, tF, of 8 pim or less, and preferably, 5 pm or less. If the thickness is greater than 8 pim, a small resonant tag with a required performance cannot be designed. The coil portion 1 and plate portion 2, as well as the plate portion 3, are formed from a metal foil such as copper foil or aluminum foil; aluminum foil preferred. The metal foil typically has a thickness of 30 to 120 jim, and preferably, 50 to 80 jim. An adhesive (5A and 5B, see Fig. 7) used for bonding the metal foil and the polypropylene insulating film 4, styrene-based or olefin-based adhesives are preferable. Styrene-based adhesives include styrene-butadiene resin and styrene-isoprene resin, and styrene-butadiene resin is more preferable. Alternatively, these resins modified with acrylic acid, butyl acrylate, maleic acid or the like may be used. Olefin-based adhesives include olefin-based resins, such as polypropylene, and modified -olefin-based resins, such as modified polypropylene, and modified polypropylene is more preferable. As modified resins, such resins as modified with acrylic acid, butyl acrylate, maleic acid or the like are exemplified. Such resins may be either the solvent type or dispersion type. However, in terms of drying rate, the solvent type is more preferable. The adhesive layer (5A and 5B) preferably has a thickness of 1 pm or less, and more preferably has a thickness of 0.7 jim or less. As the thickness of the adhesive layer (5A and 5B) decreases, the performance of the resonant tag 20 is improved. Thus, by using the extremely thin insulating film 4 and then the thin adhesive layers 5A and 5B, the overall performance of the resonant tag 20 can be improved. This can be appreciated from the definition of capacitance: kA C= = d 5 206324.1 Where C is the capacitance, A is the area of each plate, d is the distance between them (effectively, the thickness, tF ,of the insulating film 4) and k is the permittivity constant. Thus, by using an insulating film 4 of 8 pm or less, the size of the capacitor plates 2 and 3 can be reduced, while providing the same performance that a capacitor with a thicker dielectric and larger capacitor plates would provide. Furthermore, by reducing the size of the capacitor plates 2 and 3, more flux can pass through the center of the coil 1, thereby increasing the resonant tag performance. The resonant tag 20 according to the prefered embodiment of the present invention is fabricated as described below. The adhesive 5A and 5B are applied to one side of each of two metal foils 1 A and 3A, respectively, by roll coating, and the metal foils 1A and 3A are laminated on the both sides of the polypropylene film 4 having a thickness of 8pm or less. This can be seen in Fig. 9A where the rolls of metal foils IA (which ultimately form the coil 1/first capacitor plate 2) and 3A (which ultimately forms the second capacitor plate 3 and associated conductor). Once the respective adhesives 5A/5B are applied, they are laminated to the insulating film 4 from a roll of insulating film 4, forming a laminate film 7. Typically, dry lamination is adopted in which lamination is carried out after the applied adhesive has dried. In conventional methods of manufacturing resonant tags, typically, lamination of the metal foils is achieved by extrusion lamination of polyethylene. However, such conventional methods have a problem that the thickness of the polyethylene film can be reduced only to a certain degree, and the thickness varies, which imposes a limit on the performance of the resonant tag. According to the present invention, this problem with the prior art is solved by previously fabricating a polypropylene film having a specific thickness by a well-known method and laminating metal foils with a specific adhesive on the sides of the polypropylene film. An alternative formation process is shown in Fig. 9B. In this process, the adhesive 5A is applied to the metal foil lA and then laminated to one side of the insulating film 4 and captured on a roll 6. Next, the adhesive 5B is applied to the metal foil 3A and then laminated on the other side of the insulating film 4, forming the laminate film 7. In both the metal foils IA and 3A of the resulting laminate film 7, a desired pattern is drawn using an etching resist. Typically, a pattern including a coil portion I and a plate portion 2 is drawn on one side, and a pattern including a plate portion 3 is drawn on the other side. Printing of the etching resist can be achieved by screen printing, rotary letterpress printing, flexography, offset printing, photolithography, gravure printing or the like. The printed etching resist is etched to form metal-foil circuits on the both sides. 6 206324 1 Preferably, then, a thin part (10A and I OB, see Fig. 10) is formed in the plate portion 2 and 3, respectively. In the resonant tag 20 according to the preferred embodiment, there is formed an LC circuit that resonates with a radio wave at a predetermined, desired frequency. To this end, not only the thickness of the polyolefin thin film described above and the thickness of the adhesive layer are determined, but also the thickness of the metal foils, the number of windings of the coils, the distance between the coils, the area of the plates and the like are appropriately determined. As described above, the most commonly used resonant frequency is 8.2 MHz for EAS and 13.56 MHz for RFID. In addition, if the article to which the tag is attached has an intrinsic capacitance, the frequency characteristics of the tag are determined so that interaction between the article and the tag provides a predetermined resonant frequency. For example, meat is such an article. The resonant tag 20 according to the preferred embodiment is attached to an article (A, see Figs. 11 A and 11 B) for use. If an article with the resonant tag 20 having not been subjected to dielectric breakdown passes between a pair of antennas for transmission and reception of a radio wave at a predetermined frequency installed at an exit of a shop or the like, the resonant tag 20 resonates with the radio wave transmitted from a transmitter section, and a receiver section detects the resulting resonant radio wave and generates an alarm AL. Transmission and reception of the radio wave may be achieved by different ones of the right-side and left-side antennas. Alternatively, each antenna may be capable of both transmission and reception of the radio wave. In the case where transmission and reception are achieved by different antennas (ANT and ANR , see Fig. I IA) from a transmitter T and receiver R (in respective pedestals, P), if the article A passing between the antennas is distant from the transmitting antenna ANT, that is, closer to the receiving antenna ANR, the sensitivity may decrease .In the case where each ofthe pair of antennas is capable of both transmission and reception (ANTR see Fig. 11 B) since they are coupled to transceivers T/R, the maximum distance between the article and the transmitter section is half of the distance between the antennas, and thus, the sensitivity is high compared with the former case. In this case, each antenna alternately performs transmission and reception at an extremely short cycle. Practical Examples In the following, examples of embodiments of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples in any sense. Here, evaluation of resonant tags was made as described below. The finueny, the Q value and the amplitude (Amp (dB)) are measured using a network analyzer with a 7 206324 1 measuring coil composed of a transmitter and a receiver connected thereto. Once a resonant tag 20 is placed at the center of the measuring coil, a resonant curve is displayed on a monitor in which the horizontal axis indicates the frequency, and the vertical axis indicates the amplitude (Amp (dB)) , as shown in Figure 8. The frequency (fo) of the tag is represented by the central value of the amplitude. The amplitude (Amp (dB)) indicates the intensity ofthe signal emitted from the tag, 20 which is represented as the magnitude of the amplitude (I1-I2) or GST. GST is a voltage value (volt) reduced by a multimeter from the intensity of the signal received at the receiver. The Q value indicates the steepness of the amplitude, which is represented by fo/half-width (f-f 2 ) . The Q value has to be at least 50 or higher, and is preferably 55 or higher. Practical Example 1, Comparison Example 1 To one side of each of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 80 im and an aluminum foil having a thickness of 9pm, 1 g/m2 (in dry weight) of a styrene-butadiene-based adhesive was applied by roll coating and dried, and the aluminum foils were laminated to either sides of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of 5pm by dry lamination. By gravure printing or the like, an etching resist was applied to the 80-pm aluminum foil of the resulting laminate film in the pattem shown in Figure 5 and was applied to the 9-pm aluminum foil in the pattern shown in Figure 6. Then, etching was accomplished using ferric chloride or hydrochloric acid, thereby forming the circuits. In this way, a tag having a size of27 mm by 30 mm (an area of 810 mm 2) was fabricated. For comparison, a tag was fabricated in the same manner as in the example I except that a urethane-based adhesive was used. Evaluation results of these tags are shown in Table 1. In practical example 1 in which the styrene-butadiene-based adhesive is used, the Q value, the Amp and the GST are all sufficiently high, and the tag can offer sufficient performance. However, in the comparison example I in which the urethane-based adhesive is used, the tag is inferior to that of the practical example I in all of the three items and cannot offer sufficient performance. Table I RF(MHz) Q value Amp GST comparison example 1 8.559 42.64 0.741 0.282 practical example 1 8.428 61.06 1.003 0.400 Practical Examples 2 to 4 Tags having a size of 25 mm by 28 mm (an area of 700 mm 2 ) were fabricated in the same manner as in practical example 1 except that the amount of the applied styrene-butadiene-based 8 206324 1 adhesive was varied, and evaluation of the tags was made. For each tag, however, an equal amount of adhesive was applied to both the aluminum foils. The evaluation result is shown in Table 2. Table 2 amount of adhesive applied RF (MIHz) Q value A180m/ Al9pm practical example 2 0.6g/0.6g 9.684 66.153 practical example 3 1.Og/l.Og 9.911 64.383 practical example 4 1.6g/1.6g 10.633 61.706 Practical Example 5, and Comparison Example 2 To one side of each of two aluminum foils having a thickness of 50 pm, 1 g/m 2 (in dry weight) of a modified polypropylene adhesive was applied by roll coating and dried, and the aluminum foils were laminated to either sides of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of 5pm by dry lamination. Then, in the same manner as in the practical example 1, a tag having a size of 27 mm by 30 mm (an area of 810 mm 2 ) was fabricated. For comparison, a tag was fabricated in the same manner as in the practical example 5 except that a urethane-based adhesive was used. The evaluation result is shown in Table 3. Table 3 RF(MHz) Q value Amp GST comparison example 2 7.625 42.00 0.586 0.229 practical example 5 7.620 52.20 0.743 0.283 Practical Example 6 0.54 g/m 2 of a modified polypropylene adhesive was applied to one side of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 80 pm by roll coating and dried, 0.59 g/m 2 of a styrene-butadiene-based adhesive was applied to one side of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 9 ptm by roll coating and dried, and the aluminum foils were laminated to either sides of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of 5pm by dry lamination. Then, in the same manner as in the practical example 1, a tag having a size of 25 mm by 28 mm (an area of 700 mm2) was fabricated. The evaluation result is shown in Table 4. 9 206324_1 Table 4 RF(MHz) Q value Amp GST practical example 6 8.924 56.52 0.787 0.300 The resonant tag is small and flexible and has a reduced total thickness. This invention allows for smaller capacitor area and creates new performance in smaller sizes. Therefore, the tag can be suitably used in a detection system for the prevention of shoplifting of small articles, for example. In addition, the tag is highly suitable for a hand labeler. It should be further noted that an alternative aspect of coupling of the resonant tag with the article A may also provide a method for influencing the predetermined resonant frequency. For example, an initial frequency of the resonant tag may be determined so that, when the resonant tag is attached to an article A, interaction with an intrinsic capacitance of the article A allows the resonant tag to resonate at the predetermined resonant frequency. While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific examples thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Throughout this specification, including the claims, where the context permits, the term "comprise" and variants thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising" are to be interpreted as including the stated integer or integers without necessarily excluding any other integers. 10 206324.1

Claims (15)

1. A resonant tag resonating with a radio wave at a predetermined frequency, comprising: a biaxially-oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of approximately 8 pm or less; a first circuit comprising a first metal foil including a coil portion and a plate portion, which comprises a first capacitor plate of, formed on one side of said polypropylene film; a second circuit made of a second metal foil including a plate section which comprises a second capacitor plate, formed on the other side of said polypropylene film; and wherein said both circuits comprise an LC circuit by being electrically connected and wherein said metal foils and said polypropylene film are laminated to each other by an olefin based adhesive.

2. The resonant tag according to Claim 1, wherein said resonant tag has an area of 750 mm2 or less.

3. The resonant tag of Claim 1 wherein the predetermined resonant frequency is 5 to 15 MHz.

4. The resonant tag of Claim I wherein said first and second metal foils comprise aluminum.

5. A method for producing a resonant tag that resonates with a radio wave at a predetermined frequency, comprising: providing a biaxially-oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of approximately 8 pm or less; applying a first adhesive to one side of said polypropylene film; applying a first metal foil to said first adhesive; applying a second adhesive to the other side of said polypropylene film; applying a second metal foil to said second adhesive to form a laminate; and feeding said laminate to an etching process to remove portions of said first and second foils to form an LC circuit.

6. The method of Claim 5 wherein said first and second adhesives comprise a styrene-based or 11 olefin-based adhesive.

7. The method of Claim 5 wherein said resonant tag has an area of 750 mm2 or less.

8. The method of Claim 5 wherein the predetermined resonant frequency is 5 to 15 MHz.

9. The method of Claim 5 wherein said first and second metal foils comprise aluminum.

10. A method for producing a resonant tag that resonates with a radio wave at a predetermined frequency, comprising: providing a biaxially-oriented polypropylene film having a thickness of approximately 8 pm or less; applying a first adhesive to one side of a first metal foil; applying a second adhesive to one side of a second metal foil; applying said first metal foil with said first adhesive and said second metal foil with said second adhesive to respective sides of a polypropylene film to form a laminate; and feeding said laminate to an etching process to remove portions of said first and second foils to form an LC circuit.

11. The method of Claim 10 wherein said first and second adhesives may comprise an olefin based adhesive.

12. The method of Claim 10 wherein said resonant tag has an area of 750 mm 2 or less.

13. The method of Claim 10 wherein the predetermined resonant frequency is 5 to 15 MHz.

14. The method of Claim 10 wherein said first and second metal foils comprise aluminum.

15. A resonant tag substantially as described herein with reference to Figures 4 to 7. 12