AU2007202852B8 - A Dual-cone Tympanic Loudspeaker Driver and application thereof - Google Patents

Description

AUSTRALIA Patents Act, 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT A Dual-cone Tympanic Loudspeaker Driver and Application thereof The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me: Title A Dual-cone Tympanic Loudspeaker Driver and Application thereof Technical Field [001] This invention relates to and for the improvement of the transformation of electrical audio frequency signals into acoustic sound pressure waves by a dynamic loudspeaker driver designed to be employed within a dual-chamber loudspeaker enclosure and more particularly incorporating a tympanic chamber. Such a chamber adopts in reverse function the biological principle for the transmission and reception of sound by and with the assistance of a tympanic cavity or middle ear, in that there is a stage in the process of the loudspeaker enclosure system for the transmission and propagation of sound by and with the assistance of a tympanic chamber, that is a controlled pressure cavity or chamber to accelerate and dampen the movements of the loudspeaker driver cones employed within the enclosure in and for the propagation of the low-to-medium audio frequencies, by and with a specified sum of controlled feedback of the sound pressure waves of such frequencies to the specific cavity or tympanic chamber of the enclosure to effectively maintain neutral air or sound pressure wave displacement within the chamber, for the efficient and effective extension and reproduction of such frequencies with a substantial reduction in distortion and improvement in the transient response of such frequencies. Background to the Invention [002] It has long been difficult to accurately and efficiently reproduce the low-to medium audio frequencies by conventional open back basket frame single-cone dynamic loudspeaker drivers when mounted and employed within a conventional loudspeaker enclosure system, for principal reason that with the necessity to secure and suspend the outer surround or periphery of the diaphragm or cone to the front outer edge of the open back basket frame of the driver; and the inner periphery of the single-cone with a spider suspension to support the rear of the cone to provide for the necessary and accurate alignment of the voice coil and former within and about the magnetic pole and field of and for the operation of such a single-cone driver, with the respective external and internal active cone surface areas of the single-cone of the driver being exposed and subjected to substantially different pressures and frictional forces; for principal reason that the external active surface area of the cone of the driver is directly exposed and subjected to the ambient atmosphere of constant pressure, with the internal active surface area of the cone otherwise exposed and subjected to additional sound pressure wave forces generated by and from the substantial aerodynamic frictional forces imposed and created by the large corrugated surface area of and for the necessary spider suspension for the cone. The spider suspension being of doughnut shape is situated and secured with the inner periphery of the spider securely affixed to the inner rear periphery of the cone and extending therefrom for a maximum possible distance to the rear most outer edge and within the open back basket frame and as near as practical to the magpet 2 assembly of the driver, where the outer periphery of the spider is securely affixed to and stationed to the frame of the driver to provide for the maximum possible flexibility with minimum motor friction presented to the driven cone of the driver. However, with such a substantial corrugated surface area of the spider being so situated and suspended and subjected to the total reciprocating motor action forces driven by and from the inner periphery of the spider only, will substantially aggravate the aerodynamic frictional forces thereby imposed with additional distortion created by and from the exposed corrugated spider surface area by further creating varying and inconsistent deflection angles of and from the exposed respective corrugated surface areas of the spider; and with such oscillating corrugated surface areas being so driven and in direct alignment of a critical area of and necessary for the uninhibited deflection of sound pressure waves, generated and propagated from the internal active surface area of the cone to be redirected through the rear openings of the basket frame assembly of the driver; combined with the internal active surface area of the cone being additionally exposed and subjected to and restrained by an enclosed resonating and deflective pressure chamber of infinite or bass-reflex baffle or transmission line or other cabinet construction, providing further substantial limitations and restrictions to and for the free air flow and sound pressure waves being presented to the internally exposed active surface area of the cone, subsequently presenting substantial inconsistency of pressure forces to the respective active surface areas of the cone of such a conventional open back basket frame single-cone driver when so mounted and employed within a conventional loudspeaker enclosure system. [003] With the cone of a conventional open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker driver being secured and suspended at and from the outer periphery and surround at the outer front edge of the basket frame of the driver; and with the combined reciprocating motor action of the respective and exposed internal and external active surface areas of the cone, being driven from a single common source from the inner periphery only of the cone by the affixed and rigid voice coil former; and with the cone subjected to substantial sound frequency pressure wave variations and amplitude forces with absolute transient response demands, intensified and compounded at increasing audio frequency wavelengths, when such a conventional open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker driver is mounted and employed within a conventional loudspeaker enclosure design, will inevitably cause the cone with such active and variable frictional forces of suspension and imposed inconsistent and substantially conflicting respective external and internal active cone surface area pressures on the cone to distort and move out of harmony with the precise demands of the electrical driven forces of and from the reciprocating motor action of the affixed voice coil and rigid former when endeavouring to accurately imitate and effectively reproduce such precise frequency responses, subsequently creating uncontrollable distortion to the respective active surface areas of such a single-cone driver; regardless of the material composition structure or form of the cone, and effectively propagating such distortions into the ambient atmosphere and listening environment as audible distorted sound pressure waves. Such inconsistent sound pressure wave effects upon the respective active cone surface areas of a conventional open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker driver when so mounted and employed within a conventional loudspeaker enclosure system, may be compared to when the eustachian tube leading from the nose and mouth cavities to the tympanic cavity or middle ear of the human ear, becomes blocked or restricted affecting the 3 normally applied atmospheric or sound pressure waves to be respectively applied to the internal and external surface areas of the tympanic membrane or eardrum diaphragm of the ear, with the subsequently perceived sound becoming distorted from the normally accepted mental perception of the same. [004] This common problem outlined above for conventional open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker drivers when so employed and mounted within conventional loudspeaker enclosure designs is also somewhat aggravated by and with the conventional application of such single-cone basket frame drivers when mounted in a dual-chamber loudspeaker enclosure system in a push-pull or common axis configuration; that is when a conventional open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker driver is mounted within a specific chamber of a dual-chamber enclosure, with a second identical or similar open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker driver being mounted immediately in front thereof within a second chamber of the enclosure, with both loudspeaker drivers being electrically connected to operate in common acoustic phase with each other to conjointly assist with and in the propagation of audio frequencies from the enclosure. Such a configuration of open back basket frame single cone loudspeaker drivers present limitations as to the distance that may be fixed between the respective cones of such loudspeaker drivers when so employed and mounted, and for the efficient and effective acoustic airflow of sound pressure waves between any such two or more loudspeaker drivers when so employed and mounted, by the physical restrictions presented to and for the sound pressure wave airflow occurring between the front of the cone of the rear mounted single-cone loudspeaker driver and the rear of the cone of the front mounted single-cone loudspeaker driver by and with the physical presence and obstruction of the magnet assembly and open back basket frame construction of the front mounted loudspeaker driver, particularly in respect of the reproduction of the low-to-medium audio frequencies. Such a configuration of open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker drivers are as a general rule of convention physically mounted as close as possible to each other, so as to maximise as much as possible the operative bandwidth of frequencies that may be effectively assisted with and reproduced by such a push-pull or common axis configuration, as a consequence of sound pressure wave cancellation effects from such frequencies of relevant physical wave lengths as may be determined by the physical distance so fixed between the respective cones of such a pair of conventional open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker drivers when so employed and mounted within a conventional dual chamber isobaric or other enclosure in and for such a push-pull or common axis configuration. Summary of the Invention [005] The difficulties outlined above are somewhat overcome by the current invention of which provides for a dual-cone loudspeaker driver consisting of a magnet and voice coil pole affixed to an open back basket frame assembly, of which encloses and supports a rear cone with an outer surround suspension, with the inner periphery of the cone being affixed and supported internally; with or without a spider suspension for internal cone support and voice coil alignment, to a rigid cylindrical or tube voice coil bobbin or former extending into and about the magnetic pole and field of the magnet, which glso 5 of the enclosure during and for their harmonic operation, with the open back basket frame single-cone conventional loudspeaker drivers electrically connected to operate in opposing acoustic phase of each other within the tympanic chamber. Such an arrangement and acoustic phasing of the respective cones of the loudspeaker drivers so employed and mounted within the tympanic chamber, will provide and allow for the maximum possible free movement and interaction of the acoustic harmonic and sound pressure wave forces and turbulence of neutral air volume displacement capacity so provided for therein, and generated between and by the respective driven cones so engaged and exposed within the tympanic chamber of the dual-chamber enclosure, thereby effectively and more efficiently assisting with and for the acceleration and dampening of the respective cones when so engaged, to limit distortion of and from the respective active cone surface areas assisting to provide for the improved extension of and transient response capacity for and in the propagation of the low-to-medium audio frequency sounds from the enclosure, more particularly when engaged in conjunction with other conventional open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker drivers of opposing acoustic phase mounted and employed within and to effectively create and activate the tympanic chamber of a dual-chamber loudspeaker enclosure system designed and constructed therefore. [008] Such a dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver as herein described in providing for the maximum possible free movement of sound pressure waves to interact in and between the front surface of the rear cone and the rear surface of the front cone of the loudspeaker driver, when employed and operating within a tympanic chamber of a tympanic loudspeaker enclosure system, in effect imitates the biological principles and function of the auditory ossicles, or chain of three very small bones of and within the tympanic cavity or middle ear of the human ear. The ossicles are formed in an arch and are positioned within the upper most region of the tympanic cavity, with one end of the malleus or hammer bone being attached to the inner upper to middle surface area of the tympanic membrane or eardrum diaphragm, with the other end being attached to one end of the incus or anvil bone, which is attached to and supported within the upper most region of the tympanic cavity or middle ear, with the other end being attached to one end of the stapes or stirrup bone which is at its other end attached to the fenestra ovalis or oval window of the cochlea of the inner ear opposite the tympanic membrane or eardrum diaphragm. Such an arched formation and situation of the ossicles as described will in the function of transmitting the motor actions of sound pressure wave variations from the surface of the tympanic membrane or eardrum diaphragm to the cochlea of the inner ear, provide and allow for the maximum possible free movement of atmospheric and sound pressure wave variations, transmitted to and from the tympanic cavity or middle ear through the eustachian tube from the nose and mouth cavities, to effectively and freely assist by their respective physical situation in the upper most region of the tympanic cavity directly opposite the orifice of the eustachian tube leading therefrom and thereby providing for the minimum possible obstruction to and for the acceleration and dampening forces to be most directly and freely applied to the inner surface area of the tympanic membrane pr eardrum diaphragm in and for the accurate formation and transmission of intelligible sound pressure wave variations through the ossicles and to the oval window of the cochlea of the inner ear for transmission to the brain for comprehension.

6 [009] The dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver so described herein may also be employed within any conventional dual-chamber loudspeaker enclosure system incorporating any other combination of acoustic suspension and or bass-reflex chambers. In such an application one or more dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker drivers of any appropriate audio frequency range may be mounted; together with any independently enclosed high audio frequency range loudspeaker driver or drivers with any appropriate or necessary electrical audio frequency cross-over network, within a conventional dual-chamber loudspeaker enclosure or cabinet sandwiched or mounted between respective internal and external baffle panels dividing the enclosure into two separate chambers, with suitable cut outs in the respective baffle panels to accommodate and securely mount and seal the tympanic loudspeaker driver basket and outer cone surround housing frames therein. One or both of the chambers of the enclosure being of equal or different internal volumes may be completely sealed from the ambient atmosphere to operate as respective infinite baffle or acoustic suspension chambers of the enclosure; or alternatively one or both of the chambers may otherwise have a port or vent opening into the ambient atmosphere and or between each other to operate as a bass-reflex chamber or chambers. Such alternative low resonate audio frequency tuning of and or between the respective chambers of the enclosure, and the ambient atmosphere and the free air resonate audio frequency of the particular tympanic loudspeaker driver or drivers employed within the enclosure, will provide for a broad band of low resonate audio frequencies assisting to limit and control any doubling effects or peaks and troughs in and to improve the extension with reduced distortion of the lower audio frequency reproduction and propagation from such a conventional dual-chamber enclosure when so combined with a dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver or drivers mounted and employed therein. [010] A further advantage of the dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver as herein described in providing for the construction and operation of the same without the necessity for a spider suspension, for internal cone support and or voice coil alignment within and about the magnetic pole and field of the loudspeaker driver, for either the rear and or front cones, greatly reduces the total mass and frictional losses associated with and for the reciprocating motor action of the cones, thereby creating greater sensitivity and efficiency capacity of and for the dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver with greatly improved transient response capacity in comparison to loudspeaker drivers of conventional design and construction. With the elimination of any necessity for a spider suspension for such a dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver will; in addition to providing for greatly improved aerodynamic conditions for the free movement of air and sound pressure waves in and about the internal area of the open back basket frame of the rear cone of the driver, substantially reduce any conflicting stress and distortion of and to the active surface area of the rear cone of the dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver, and also allow and provide for much improved circulation of air flow in and about the voice coil winding or windings and the air gap in and about the pole of the magnet of and for such a dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver during its operation, providing for more efficient and greater heat dispersion from and assisting to stabilise the voice coil temperature, further improving the efficiency and increasing the power capacity of and for such a dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver, in any comparison to a conventional open back basket frame single-cone loudspeaker driver or alternative drivers of which require a spider suspension system necessary to support the rear of the cone and for the 7 alignment of the voice coil and former in and about the magnetic pole and field of and to enable such conventional single-cone drivers to operate. [011] A further advantage of and for a dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver and enclosure system as described herein is that with the tympanic chamber of the enclosure consistently maintaining neutral air or sound pressure wave displacement at all times when operating at any level of sound being generated and propagated from the enclosure, such as and in emulation of and for the function and purpose of the human middle ear or tympanic cavity, there is no extraordinary or other opposing pressures exerted within the tympanic chamber of the enclosure to create vibration and subsequent unwanted sound pressure wave emissions to radiate from the enclosure, a common problem with conventional loudspeaker driver and enclosure system designs. [012] Such a dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver as herein described would also provide for a considerable reduction in manufacturing cost, with the requirement of and for one only magnet assembly and without the necessity for a conventional spider suspension for internal cone support or voice coil alignment, in any comparison to the manufacturing cost associated with two conventional open back basket frame single cone loudspeaker drivers otherwise required to be employed to provide for such a conventional push-pull or common axis configuration of loudspeaker drivers. Description of the Figures [013] To assist with an understanding of the invention example drawings of the dual cone tympanic loudspeaker driver and a specific application thereof are attached hereto and described with reference to the accompanying respective figures of common constituent part reference numbers thereto: [014] With reference to Figure 1. This drawing provides for a cross-section example view of a tympanic loudspeaker driver consisting of a single magnet (1) with an open back basket frame (2), enclosing and supporting a rear cone (3) with an outer surround frame housing the rear cone front suspension (4) with a sealing gasket (5); with the basket frame extending therefrom with small arms (6) with extended affixing screws or alignment pins (7), to also form and support a second and further front outer open surround frame housing (8) with a sealing gasket (9), to support a second front surround and cone (10) being of the same diameter and active cone area as the rear cone (3), which is affixed to and supported internally by the extended voice coil former (11) which extends therefrom and also internally supports the rear cone (3); with both the rear cone (3) and front cone (10) being simultaneously driven by and with the motor action of the voice coil former (11) and affixed single voice coil or coils (12) when excited by an electrical audio signal within and by the magnetic field of the magnet (1). [015] With reference to Figure 2. This drawing provides for a cross-section example view of a tympanic loudspeaker driver of identical constituent parts as shown in Figure 1. hereof, showing in addition thereto a spider suspension (13) affixed to the rear of the open back basket frame (2) and the voice coil former (11) to assist with the support of the rear cone (3) and alignment of the voice coil or coils (12) within and about he 8 magnetic pole (14): and also showing in addition thereof a small supplementary whizzer or medium-to-high frequency range cone (15) which is internally affixed to and supported by the front cone (10) at and to the voice coil former (11), with both the rear cone (3) and front cone (10) supporting the supplementary whizzer or medium-to-high frequency cone (15) being simultaneously driven by the motor action of the voice coil former (11) and affixed single voice coil or coils (12) when excited by an electrical audio signal within and by the magnetic field of the magnet (1). [016] With reference to Figure 3. This drawing provides for a cross-section example view of a dual-chamber tympanic loudspeaker enclosure; enclosing a mounted dual-cone low-to-medium or full frequency range tympanic loudspeaker driver (16) within a tympanic chamber (17) of the enclosure, with the rear of the rear cone (3) of the dual cone tympanic loudspeaker driver (16) being exposed to operate within a second bass reflex or acoustic suspension chamber (18) of the tympanic loudspeaker enclosure; together with two conventional open back basket frame low-to-medium or full frequency range dynamic loudspeaker drivers (19) and (19A) being also mounted within the tympanic chamber (17), and electrically connected to operate in opposing acoustic phase to each other to excite the function of the tympanic chamber (17) in acoustic harmonic operation with the dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver (16), for propagation of high fidelity sound from the dual-chamber tympanic loudspeaker enclosure. [017] With reference to Figure 4. This drawing provides for a cross-section example of a conventional dual-chamber loudspeaker enclosure (20), enclosing a dual-cone low or low-to-medium or full audio frequency range tympanic loudspeaker driver (16), sandwiched and mounted sealed within cut outs therefore in and between the internal baffle panel (21) dividing the enclosure into two separate chambers and the front facing baffle panel (22) of the enclosure (20), creating a front chamber (17) being a sealed acoustic suspension or a bass-reflex chamber with a port or vent opening (23) to the ambient atmosphere; and or to the rear chamber (18) of the enclosure (20) also being either a sealed acoustic suspension or a bass-reflex chamber with a vent or port opening (24) to the ambient atmosphere at the rear of the enclosure, or into or through a port (23) in the front chamber (17) of the enclosure (20), and thus providing for various qnd optimum specific low audio frequency tuning of and or between the respective chambers (17) and (18) and the particular dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver (16) so employed and mounted therein.

Editorial Note APPLICATION NUMBER: 2007202852 The Claims start at Page 1.

Claims (14)

1. A dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver assembly comprising of a rear magnet system with a cylindrical solid voice coil pole surrounded by an air gap, and securely affixed to an open back basket frame enclosing and supporting a first rear cone diaphragm with an outer surround flexible suspension, with a small circular central area of the cone affixed to and supported internally by a rigid tube voice coil former, extending rearward into and about the magnetic pole air gap of the magnet assembly, and supporting a voice coil of insulated conductive material wound thereon and affixed thereto within the area of the magnetic field of the magnet and suitably connected to circuit at and from respective insulated terminals secured to a point on the outer surface area of the rear basket frame of the driver assembly, to provide for reciprocating motor action to and for the first cone diaphragm affixed thereto when excited by electromagnetic field reaction to the magnet of the driver at the application of any appropriate electrical current applied thereto; with the outer open back basket frame housing of the driver securing and supporting the outer surround flexible suspension of the first rear cone being formed with an outer rim to seal and secure the outer frame and the driver to a first baffle; with the rim also supporting a number of arms securely affixed thereto and extending forward therefrom with sufficient structural strength and size to bridge and securely support and form a second front open back outer surround suspension housing frame directly in front thereof to secure and retain the flexible suspension of and for a second front cone diaphragm of similar size and active cone area as the first rear cone diaphragm of the driver, with a small circular central area thereof also being affixed to and supported internally by the rigid tube voice coil former extending rearward therefrom and passing through the centre of the rear first cone of the driver also affixed thereto with both the first and second cones of the driver thereby suspending and centrally maintaining alignment of and for an even operational clearance between the inner surface area of the rigid tube voice coil former and the magnetic pole air gap, with the voice coil wound thereon thus centred within and about the magnetic field of the magnet of the driver, with both the first rear cone and the second front cone of the driver being simultaneously driven by and with any reciprocating motor action of the extended voice coil former when activated and excited by and within the magnetic field of the driver; with the second front open back outer surround suspension housing frame of the driver being also formed with a suitable rim to respectively seal and secure the bridging support arms and outer surround frame housing and driver to a second front external baffle; with the physical length of the bridging support arms of and distance between the respective first rear and second front outer surround supporting frames of and for the respective cones of and the driver; and the extended length of the tube voice coil former there between, being not less than about that which is required and necessary to provide for a total net unrestricted ambient atmosphere circumference area at the mean diameter of the number of the bridging support arms, to equate an area of not less than about half that of the total active cone diaphragm surface area of the respective front surface of the first rear cone and the rear surface of the second front cone of the driver, with the size and shape of the bridging support arms being aerodynamically constructed and positioned to offer the least possible resistance to 2 and for any movement of sound pressure air waves when generated and propagated thereabouts and passing there between or across their axis.

2. A loudspeaker driver of Claim 1 with respective adjustable bridging support arms between the first and second outer surround housing frames of the driver consisting of nuts and threaded solid rod or bolts providing for respective adjustment of the arms for central alignment and accurate tuning of the voice coil and tube former within and about the magnetic field of the rear magnet and voice coil pole of the driver.

3. A loudspeaker driver of Claim 1 or 2 having a spider of doughnut shape and of flexible corrugated or other material to assist in or with the suspension of the first rear cone of the driver to maintain alignment and support of and for the tube voice coil former within and about the magnetic pole of the driver, with the spider supported and affixed thereto on its inside periphery to and about the rear of the rear first cone diaphragm, and the outer periphery of the spider secured within and about the open back basket frame of the driver clear of the magnet assembly and the cone diaphragm to provide for unrestricted reciprocating motor action thereof

4. A loudspeaker driver of Claim 1, 2 or 3 with more than one respective voice coil winding on the tube voice coil former within and about the magnetic field of the driver for bi-channel operation of or alternative impedance values for the driver.

5. A loudspeaker driver of Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the outer rim of the outer surround housing frame or frames with baffle alignment pins or bolts affixed thereto.

6. A loudspeaker driver of Claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 with the front second cone diaphragm and or voice coil former supporting a smaller supplementary whizzer high frequency cone diaphragm affixed thereto.

7. A loudspeaker driver of Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 combined together with a smaller independently driven and enclosed or sealed back basket frame high audio frequency loudspeaker driver or tweeter, secured to and supported by and from the magnetic pole and or by and from the outer second surround frame housing of and for the second front cone of the dual cone tympanic loudspeaker driver; and

8. A dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver of Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 mounted within a dual chamber enclosure cabinet with the first rear outer surround frame rim of the driver sealed and secured to an internal baffle forming a partition for a large primary acoustic suspension, or bass reflex or open back rear chamber of the enclosure cabinet; with the second front outer surround frame rim of the tympanic loudspeaker driver sealed and secured to a front external baffle of and for the enclosure cabinet and forming a secondary smaller sealed tympanic chamber also enclosing two or more conventional open back basket frame dynamic loudspeaker drivers mounted adjacent and near thereto on the front baffle of the enclosure with a total active cone area of the conventional dynamic loudspeaker drivers to equate the total active cone area of the dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver; with a total one-half of the active cone area of the conventional open back basket frame dynamic loudspeaker drivers electrically connected to be driven out of phase with the dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver. 3

9. A dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver and enclosure of Claim 8 with the secondary chamber of the enclosure being a sealed acoustic suspension or bass reflex chamber.

10. A dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver and enclosure of Claim 8 or 9 with the primary and secondary chambers of the enclosure interconnected by and with a tuned port or vent there between.

11. A dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver and enclosure of Claim 8, 9 or 10 with more than one dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver mounted there within.

12. A dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver and enclosure of Claim 8, 9, 10 or 11 with additional high audio frequency range loudspeaker drivers independently enclosed and mounted in or near to either chamber of the enclosure and electrically connected with any necessary cross-over network to operate and propagate the high audio frequencies from the enclosure.

13. A dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver as described herein with reference to the accompanying text and drawings.

14. A dual-cone tympanic loudspeaker driver and enclosure as described herein with reference to the accompanying text and drawings. DATED: 3 NOV 2008 SIGNED: ....... . -John Charles Rolph: applicant (No. 2007202852)