AU2007200068B2 - Improvements in Animal Tags - Google Patents

Description

AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT "Improvements in Animal Tags" The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me: 2 IMPROVEMENTS IN ANIMAL TAGS 5 Field of the Invention The present invention relates, in general terms, to improvements in or relating to animal tagging, and to methods and apparatus for use therein and therewith. More particularly, but not exclusively, the invention relates to an improved tag, label or the 10 like means (hereinafter referred to as "a tag") for use with animals for a range of purposes which may include allowing for ready identification and/or tracking thereof (for whatever reason). Background of the Invention 15 In accordance with the known art, the tagging of animals for purposes of ready identification, tracking or monitoring of movements, etc has involved the use of a tag or the like means of a unitary kind having first and second portions held together, at or adjacent an extremity of each portion, by an expanding region in such a way that a 20 distal extremity of a first portion can be passed through an aperture made in the ear of the animal, for example, with the overall tag then being arranged such that the expanding portion rests positioned through the ear and the respective first and second portions extend, at least to some extent, over the ear of the animal. Such a form of tag has enjoyed universal usage and is applied by taking an appropriate applicator or tool 25 to make a hole in the ear of the animal (be it a sheep, cow, horse or in fact any type of animal, domestic or otherwise) just in from an edge thereof, then prising the respective first and second portions of the aforementioned tag apart so as to enable one of those portions to be inserted through the hole thus created, the two portions then being manipulated into such a condition that the expanding portion rests through 30 the hole formed in the ear of the animal, thereby to allow the respective first and second portions to assume a substantially parallel configuration. It has been found, however, that such tags, despite their long-standing market acceptance, have 3 nonetheless exhibited certain drawbacks or disadvantages. To be more specific, and by way of example only, there exists a significant possibility of such a tag or identification means being deliberately or inadvertently displaced or removed, as for example by the animal rubbing its ear - or for that matter the relevant part of its 5 anatomy where any such tag is located - against any given surface, catching the ear on any form of obstacle, etc. As well, readability of an ear tag can often present difficulties. It is an object of the invention to provide a tag which obviates or ameliorates one or 10 more of the aforesaid difficulties. Disclosure of the Invention The invention provides a tag for attachment to an animal comprising, 15 a penetrating portion having two spaced apart penetrating members joined by a central section extending therebetween the penetrating members each having a stem portion extending away from a join with the central section and terminating in a connection with a penetrating head having a pointed end, the connection between each stem portion and each penetrating head forming a shoulder; and 4 a complementary portion having a pair of openings, each opening being associated with a locking portion arranged so as to be able to receive a respective penetrating head and lock it to the complementary portion by engagement with the respective shoulder; 5 wherein each stem portion is hollow and communicates with an open end to provide access for a pair of implant pins of a tag applicator. The penetrating head may comprise a central supporting portion of moulded plastics material having at least two thin flanges extending beyond the central supporting 10 portion, the at least two thin flanges having sharp edges and meeting at a sharp point forward of the supporting point. The sharp edges of the at least two flanges may each extend for a distance of at least 1mm and have a width of at least 1mm and a maximum thickness of Imm past the edge of the central supporting portion. The maximum width of the skin penetrating head may be 8mm or less. 15 The flanges may comprise a single piece of metal in the form of an arrowhead extending through and from both sides of the central supporting portion, the central portion of the metal arrowhead extending into an open ended recess formed in the central supporting portion whereby to permit access to the central portion of the metal 20 arrowhead by an implant pin for pushing the penetrating head through animal skin. A particular form of tag according to the invention may be applied to the skin of an animal by setting the configuration of the tag so that the penetrating component and the complementary component are on opposite sides of the skin being tagged, and 25 pressing the penetrating heads through the superimposed layers and into engagement with the locking portions to form a closed tag. One or more flags may be attached to the tag of the invention. It may be attached as 30 an integral part of the tag or by any other suitable means such as by a swivel. Other items may also be attached to the tag. These may include any form of data concerning the animal, a transponder, any form of diagnostic device, any form of treatment 5 device or chemical or electronic device, any form of signalling device and any form of locating device. In order that the invention may be more clearly understood and put into practical 5 effect reference will now be made to preferred embodiments of a tag in accordance with the present invention, as well as to methods and apparatus for use in the application thereof. The ensuring description is given by way of non-limitative example only and is with reference to the accompanying drawings: 10 Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a tag having a single penetrating member in its expanded condition prior to use thereof, the drawing further illustrating a possible form of an implanting pin for use in the actual 15 disposition of the tag on an animal; Figure 1 a is the cross-section X-X through Figure 1; Figure 2 is a side view of a tag having a single penetrating member, in the configuration prior to disposition on an animal, showing the mode of co-operation required between the implanting pin and the tag itself; 20 Figure 3 is a side view of a tag having a single penetrating member, as disposed through a skin fold of an animal; Figure 3a is a vertical section taken through the locking member 6 shown in Figure 3; Figure 3b is a vertical section taken through the opening construction 7 shown 25 in Figure 3. Figure 3c is a sketch of a conventional tag applied to the ear of an animal rubbing its ear against the wire of a fence; Figure 3d is a sketch of a tag of the type shown in Figures 1 to 3 applied to the ear of an animal rubbing its ear against the wire of a fence; 30 Figure 4 is a sectional view of an apparatus for use in the disposition of a tag on an animal, showing a skin fold in position prior to the formation of a hole therethrough; 6 Figures 5 and 6 are views, similar to Figure 4, showing succeeding stages in the method of disposition of a tag on an animal, with Figure 5 showing the apparatus as primed for discharge, and Figure 6 showing that same apparatus after discharge; 5 Figures 7 and 8 are sectional views taken along the lines 7-7 and 8-8 in Figure 5; Figure 9 is a side view of a further possible embodiment of an apparatus (applicator tool or gun) for application or installation of a tag having such a tag in place thereon; 10 Figure 10 is a further view of a tag as it appears in use, with a further or ancillary identification means, label or the like associated therewith; Figures 1 la and I lb are views of alternative embodiments for a tag; Figure 1 Ic shows an alternative method of attaching a flag to the tag of Figures 11a and I1b; 15 Figures I1d and I1e illustrate fitted tags; Figures 12a to 12d illustrate different views of a stem member and implant pin; Figures 12e to 12g illustrate the application of the tag of Figures 12a to 12d to skin; 20 Figures 13a to 13c illustrate a two component tag and its applications to the skin of an animal; Figures 14a to 14e and 15a to 15e show the approach for assembling a two component tag along the lines of that described with reference to Figures 13a to 13c; and 25 Figures 17 to 21 show various elevation views of an applicator in full and in section. Detailed Description of the Drawings 30 One form of tag when applied to an animal such as a cow, is preferably located in ear or in the tail-fold area. In reality, however, such a tag may be located at any position on the animal where the thickness of the skin allows for a fold to be formed or created 7 in the skin, as by pinching, as for example folding the ear, or pinching the skin above an udder or in the lateral tail fold, etc. When attached to the tail fold, for example such a tag is not only readily readable, but also easily cleaned as and when necessary. 5 The tag as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, is of a unitary construction and may be formed from any suitable material, as for example a plastics material of any given type. It should be realised, however, that the actual material of construction is not of the essence. The overall tag, generally designated 1, includes a body portion generally designated 2, being substantially elongate in shape, having extending from 10 one end thereof a neck member 3, which is preferably of a reduced lateral dimension when compared with the remainder of the body portion 2, terminating in a stem member 4. The stem member 4 shown is preferably in the form a shaped extension, protruding substantially normally to the lateral surface of the neck member 3, and having a blind bore 5 formed therein. It is shaped in the form of a head which is 15 readily adapted to penetrate the skin of an animal to which the tag is to be applied. At or in the vicinity of the area of transition between the wider part of the body member 2 and the neck member 3 there may be provided at least one elongate slot, hole or aperture (not shown) extending through the body member 2 itself, such as to facilitate bending to in turn facilitate installation. In an alternative embodiment, again not 20 shown, in that transition area there may be provided or included at least one line of weakening; thereby facilitating bending thereof and ultimate installation. At or in the vicinity of the other, free end of the body portion 2 there is provided a locking member 6 adapted, in use to co-operate with the neck member 3 and associated stem member 4, whereby to allow for locking of the overall tag 1 in place relative to an 25 animal. The main body portion 2 also includes an opening aperture, slot or weakened area 7. The opening 7 may be shaped so that it can be used to grip the stem member or penetrating head 4 to hold it in place in a "cocked' configuration prior to attachment of the tag. During attachment of the tag the stem member 4 is subsequently pushed through the opening 7 as will be described in more detail 30 hereinafter with reference to the other drawings. The opening is also adapted, in use, to allow the narrow end of the extension 5 of the stem member 4 and associated neck member 3 to be threaded or passed therethrough during application of the tag. The 8 free end of the stem member 4 forming the head, in the embodiment shown, is adapted in use to be received and releasably retained by the locking member 6 provided at or in the vicinity of the other end of the body member 2. The arrangement is such that, when the free end of the stem member 4 is located within the locking 5 member 6, interaction between mating components prevents ready separation thereof. Referring to Figures 2, 3, 3a and 3b, a tag I has been applied to the skin of an animal as shown in Figure 3 by initially setting up the tag in a partially "cocked" configuration as shown in Figure 2 with the stem member 4 located in the opening 10 construction 7 and the implant pin 9 in place above the stem member ready to press down on the stem member. To get to the configuration shown in Figure 3, the locking member has been bent backwards so that it has been located directly beneath the opening construction 7 and the skin 8 of an animal has been pinched and folded so that it has been located directly beneath the opening construction 7 and the skin 8 of 15 an animal has been pinched and folded so as to form it into four superimposed layers as is the case when the ear is folded. The implant pin has been pushed down to drive the stem member 4 through the four layers of skin to be received in locking engagement with the locking member 6. The resilient projections 6a and 6b bend out of the way as the head is inserted and move back to prevent the head of the stem 20 member 4 being pulled out of the locking member. The natural resilience of the plastics material comprising the tag then urges the tag to unfold to assume the double loop configuration shown in Figure 3. In this configuration it can be seen that the neck portion 3 of the tag penetrates two superimposed layers of skin, such as may be found on the ear of a cow, at two locations to provide a very secure attachment which 25 is not readily susceptible to accidental removal. Where the attachment is to the ear of an animal it is preferred that the attachment be such that the neck portion 3 becomes secured on the back of the ear, as this has been shown to provide the most likely area where an animal can find purchase by rubbing to remove the tag. 30 Thus for example it can be seen that the tag when it is applied in the manner shown in Figure 3d through the skin 8 of the ear 12 of a cow, does not provide any purchase for the wires I1 of a fence or equivalent to catch under the tag and force its removal when 9 an animal rubs the back of its ear against the wire. By comparison, a conventional tag 10 as shown in Figure 3c by having a locking member 13 and by the nature of the one point attachment to the ear, this allows the animal to bring the wire between the ear and the locking member. This can often provide sufficient purchase to allow the 5 animal to remove the conventional tag. With reference now to Figures 4 to 8, there is shown therein an embodiment of an apparatus for application of a tag as described. The apparatus includes a main body portion or a barrel 10 substantially cylindrical or parallelapipedal shape when viewed 10 in cross-section. As shown in Figure 4, the barrel 10 has respective front and rear handle means 11 and 12 extending substantially normally therefrom. The barrel 10 has housed therewithin, for controlled reciprocating movement as and when desired, a driving member 14 and driven member 15 respectively, movable longitudinally within the main body portion 10 between the positions shown in Figures 5 and 6. The 15 respective driving and driven members 14 and 15 preferably are in the form of elongate rod-like members or pistons disposed substantially centrally of the barrel 10 and adapted, in use, to be in the driven connection in a manner to be described in more detail hereinafter. The driving form for said reciprocating movement is preferably provided by a compression spring 16 (or the like biassing means) disposed 20 within the barrel 10 and fixedly connected to the driving member 14 in any suitable manner and using any suitable means. However, other means are equally usable, as for example air-operated, hydraulically or pneumatically operated means of any suitable type. In the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 4 to 6 one end of the compression spring 16 is attached, as for example by pinning to the driving member 25 14, with the other end of said compression spring being attached, in any suitable manner, to a priming or cocking mechanism, generally designated 17. The principle of operation is that the cocking mechanism, in the form of a hand grip of a substantially spherical shape, attached to the other end of the driving member 14, when moved in the direction of the arrow, gives rise to compression of the spring 16. 30 At the free end of the barrel 10, remote from the cocking means 17, there is attached a further elongate member 20, preferably of substantially semi-cylindrical shape when 10 viewed from the end, such having an elongate slot or channel 21 extending along the length thereof In use the slot or channel 21 is adapted to receive, and releasably retain for controlled movement therealong, an implant pin 9 of the type illustrated in Figure 1. At the end of the further member 20 remote from the barrel 10 are located 5 opposed, relatively moveable jaw members 22 and 23, adapted in use to have located therebetween a skin fold of an animal into which a tag in accordance with the present invention is to be located. Preferably one of the jaw members will have an anvil means 25 associated therewith, to assist in disposition of the tag. 10 in order to allow for retention of the driving member 14 in the "loaded for discharge" position or configuration as shown in Figure 5, there is provided a release mechanism, generally designated 30. Such release mechanism is made up of a first elongate member 31, a second elongate member 32 and a cantilever member 33 interconnecting such elongate members 31 and 32. In the embodiment shown in 15 Figure 4, the cantilever member 33 is pivotally attached to the handle means 12, as for example by pinning it at 34. The opposed ends of the cantilever member 33 may then be preferably fixedly, yet releasably, attached to the respective elongate members 31 and 32. The arrangement is that, when the elongate member 32 is moved in the direction of the arrow (see Figure 4), such movement gives rise to movement of 20 elongate member 31. In the embodiment illustrated the free end of the elongate member 31 is adapted to, in one location, extend through an aperture or the like disposed at a position removed from the innermost end of the driving member 14. Alternatively, a free end of the elongate member 31 can be adapted to be selectively laterally movable of the barrel 10, into and out of engagement with the innermost end 25 of the driving member 14. Actuation of the release mechanism 30 can be achieved either manually or automatically. When the elongate member 31 is moved out of engagement with the driving member 14, such driving member 15, then functions to drive the associated skin penetrating head of stem member 4 of tag 1 through a skin fold 8 of an animal, to allow for installation thereof. 30 11 The apparatus further includes means, generally designated 40, allowing for selective release and opening of the tag loading section, as by allowing for relative movement between the respective jaw members 22 and 23 thereof. 5 Finally, the apparatus includes means, preferably in the form of a trigger means 50, which functions to allow for compression of a skin fold of an animal between the jaw members 22 and 23, ready for installation of a tag. With reference now to Figure 9, a further preferred embodiment of an applicator tool 10 for the implanting of a tag as herein described is shown therein, such tool being suited for the installation of such tags in smaller animals, as for example pigs, deer, sheep and other animals. This application is especially suited for installation of a tag in an ear of such an animal. The tool, generally designated 100, includes three principal components 101, 102 and 103 respectively, pivotably connected at 104 in any suitable r5 manner and by any suitable means, as for example by pinning. Members 102 and 103 each have, at or in the vicinity of one free end thereof, an open section 105, such forming therebetween a jaw means or anvil for receiving a pinched skin fold or skin of an animal for implanting therethrough of a tag. The member 103 includes an aperture adapted, in use, to receive and releasably retain the locking means 6 of a tag. 20 Preferably members 102 and 103, and also member 101 and 102, can be interconnected by suitable resilient means, as for example a spring or the like 107. In the preferred embodiment illustrated means are provided which allow for relaxation of members 102 and 103 once a tag has been implanted into the skin, thereby to allow for further use of the applicator tool as and when required. 25 In operation a fold of skin is located between the members 102 and 103 as shown, with the interposition therebetween and therein of the body portion 2 of a tag in accordance with the invention. The final locking means is located through the aperture of the arm 103, whilst the neck member 3 and associated stem 4 including a 30 head (with or without cutting blade) are adapted to be threaded through an aperture provided in the member 101 and an implanting pin appropriately located on the applicator and, in use, adapted to be placed into, or within, the lumen which 12 constitutes part of the hollow stem. The members 101, 102 and 103 are then actuated in any suitable manner - as for example by hand pressure from the user - to bring such members into substantial juxtaposition, thereby causing the head and associated cutting blade to penetrate the fold of skin and enter into the locking means, to be then 5 affixed therein against unwanted removal. Relaxation of hand pressure then causes the member 101, 102 and 103 to separate - due to spring action - in turn allowing for removal of the skin fold, with tag now implanted therein to produce an assembled tag such as that shown in Figure 10. 10 In Figure 10 the tag 1 includes the components of a body 2 neck member 3 locking member 6 and opening 7 assembled to form two loops 17 and 18. Loop 17 may be used to hold any form of desired device such as a transponder 16 which may give information concerning the location, identity, physical state or any other aspect of the animal being tagged. Loop 17 may also have attached thereto any other component 15 such as the flag 15 joined via the extension 19. The flag may include information in any form (eg. a barcode), related to aspects of the animal. The extension may be joined by a swivel connection to the first loop 17 of the tag 1. The second loop 18 of the tag 15 is secured to the skin of an animal in the manner illustrated with reference to Figure 3. 20 Alternative forms of tag in accordance with the present invention, are shown in Figures 11 and 1 lb of the drawings. These are also of a unitary construction and again may be formed from any suitable material, such as a plastics material of any given type. The tags generally designated 1, include a body, generally designated 2 25 having a wider section 2a, being substantially elongate in shape, having extending from one end thereof a neck member 3 terminating in a stem member 4. The stem member 4 comprises a skin penetrating head attached to a hollow portion 4a adapted to receive and co-operate with an implant pin of similar type to that described with reference to earlier Figures such as Figures 1 and 2. At or in the vicinity of the area of 30 transition between the portion 2a and the neck member 3 there is provided at least one opening, elongate slot, hole or aperture 5 extending through the body portion 2a. At or in the vicinity of the other, free end of the body portion 2a there is provided locking 13 means 6 adapted, in use, to co-operate with the neck member 3 and associated stem member 4 whereby to allow for locking of the overall tag in place relative to an animal. The elongate opening, slot, hole or aperture 5 is adapted, in use, to have the free end of the stem member 4 including the head and associated neck member 3 5 disposed therethrough. The free end of the stem member 4 is adapted in use to be received and releasably retained by the locking means 6. A flag 15 and transponder housing 16 are attached to the body portion 2a as an integral moulded unit in the case of Figure 1 lb and is a separately attachable tag which can be attached by a clip or similar through a hole in the tag body as is shown in Figure la. In the case of Figure 10 11c the flag is attached by clip halves 80 and 81 which can be snap fitted around the body 2. Figure 1ld shows how the tag of Figure 11c would look fitted through the skin 8 of the tail fold of a cow. Figure 1le shows how the tag of Figure 11a would look fitted to the ear of a cow. 15 Referring to Figures 12a to 12d the stem member generally designated 4 includes a tubular hollow portion 4a which has an access opening 4b for receiving the implant pin 9 in the manner shown in Figure 12d. The stem member includes a skin penetrating head 4c at the end thereof. An arrow 20 shaped metal insert 4d with sharp edges is retained in the head to facilitate piercing of skin as the head penetrates the skin. The metal insert may be secured in place during the injection moulding process for forming the rest of the parts of the tag. As the rest of the tag may be formed as a single unit in a one shot injection moulding process, the inclusion of the metal insert during the moulding process can result in the insert being 25 accurately held in position by the material of the tag once the molten plastic forming the tag has been allowed to solidify. Typically the arrowhead sides of the insert will extend for a distance of at least Imm, the thickness is, preferably no greater than 1mm and the maximum width across the arrow head is preferably no greater than 10mm more preferably 8mm. 30 The insert 4d extends into a cavity 4e formed in the head 4c. The cavity is shaped so that the end 9a of the implant pin locates snugly therein. The end 9a also includes 14 grooves 9b which receive the edges of the cut out portion 4f of the insert and brace them against wobble when the implant presses the head through the skin of an animal to maintain direction for the implant pin and cutting head against the resistance offered by the layers of skin. Figures 12e to 12g show stepwise how the tag is 5 applied. Referring to Figures 13a to 13c, the embodiment of a tag I shown therein includes two component parts namely a receiving member la which is complementary to a strap member lb acting as an animal penetrating portion when assembled in the 10 manner illustrated in Figure 13c combine to form a tag 1 according to the invention with three loops 17, 18 and 20. The receiving member is constructed with two locking members 6 provided on both sides thereof Two openings 7 in the form of slots are arranged so that they are 15 opposed to the locking members. The locking members each include projections 6a and 6b to secure the skin penetrating heads 4c of the strap members in position. A flag 15 and transponder housing or other form of housing 16a are integrally formed with the receiving member. 20 The strap member 16 comprises two joined stem members each provided with heads 4c. From drawings 13b and 13c it can be seen that the skin 8c of an animal is fitted between the strap member and receiving member which are then pushed together to form the locked configuration shown in Figure 13c. With the construction shown in Figures 13a to 13c the curvatures of the receiving member 1 a provide tension and the 25 ability to expand or contract. The two slots 7 provide the scope for the movement required for the neck section of the other component of "the tag" in accordance with the growth of the animal. The design of this tag is such that the neck sections protrude from the main body of 30 the strap at the extremities or as close as possible to the extremities of the main body. This is so to minimise the risk of inadvertent removal of the strap tag from the rear of the ear, by fencing wire or as in sheep, by shearers hand pieces. As described 15 previously, the stem members can be in the form of shaped extrusions, which each have a blind lumen or bore of variable depth. This allows the implanting pins to be inserted and to direct the penetrating heads through the skin or ear, and into the locking members. The design is not limited to the lumen bore within the neck and 5 head members, nor by the shape of the head members. Underpinning this improvement is the allowance for adjusting the distance between the two piercing parts of the strap at the time of application. For example, when this improved tag is applied to a lamb, the distance between the applicator points as described hereinafter and hence the distance between the two piercing parts of the tag is minimised. 10 When applied in such a position, the pierced holes in the skin for example of the ear, now hold and maintain the collars and piercing parts at this set distance. As the pierced holes of the skin grow apart as the animal grows, the collars and the piercing parts then follow this movement, whilst still holding the tag firmly in place. Without 15 this mechanism, a two-point attachment tag would only create larger holes in the skin and ears in young stock. This would not be humane for the animal as well as providing insecurity in the attachment of such a tag. When this improved tag is applied to mature or fully grown stock, the distance between the applicator pins and hence distance between the two piercing parts of the tag is maximised. 20 The applicator apparatus that applies the two component tag of Figures 13a to 13c can be either manual (hand operated) or impact. Figures 14a and 15a show two versions of a double headed implant pin 9a and 9b 25 used to implant the two headed strap lb of "the tag" shown in Figures 14b and 15b. The distance between the drive pins is varied, by means of interchanging the implant pins 9a and 9b. The implant pin 9b is utilized for younger growing stock, whereas the wider unit 9a is used on the ears of mature stock. 30 Figure 16b shows a double headed strap member lb which has been preassembled with a double headed implant pin 9a. A number of such strap members may be fitted in a cartridge 60 shown in outline in Figure 16a which can in turn be used to load an 16 automated application apparatus in the form of an impulse gun 61 for assembling tags (see Figure 16c). The impulse gun is also fitted with a cartridge 62 for holding a number of receiving members 1 a as described with reference to Figures 13b, 14c and 15c. The cartridges are interchangeable and provide a set distance between the two 5 locking means to match the same distance of the driver head mechanism. The mechanical drive function of the impulse gun is similar to the application apparatus previously outlined. Tension provided by compression spring is used to "feed" the tags towards the implanting section of the apparatus. In order to suit the 10 distance between the two pins, at the point of application, the driver head mechanism is interchangeable, to match "the tag" cartridges, where the distances between the penetrating heads and the locking mechanisms are predetermined, to suit the application either to young or mature stock. 15 Tag Applicators The principle function of the applicator apparatus is to drive the applicator or implant pin, in through the skin including that of the ear, and to lock the head of the strap into the locking mechanism of the tag. The applicator apparatus then holds the implant 20 pin, in order that the implant pin is disposable and designed to be used once, to avoid the potential of spreading infectious agents from animal to animal. In some instances, the implant pin may be used on a repeatable basis. The implant pin can be made of various materials including different grades of steel, plastic and or glass associated products. 25 With reference to Figs 17 to 21 to 15, there is shown therein a particular embodiment of the apparatus for application of a tag in accordance with the present invention. The apparatus includes two main body portions A & B, when viewed from the side. They are either square, rectangular, cylindrical or parallel pedal shape and are pivoted and 30 joined by rod-like pivot member 20. Figure 17 shows the position of applicator apparatus, after trigger mechanism 22 has been pressed. Note bodies A & B are now partially separated, but locked by locking member holder 23. The pinched skin or that 17 skin of the folded ear 8, then acts as a holding point, for the implant or applicator pin to be withdrawn from locking member, leaving the head and partial section of collar, captured by locking mechanism and further withdrawal of the applicator pin results in releasing the pin from the guide bush. Once the implant or applicator pin is removed, 5 the skin of the ear resumes its normal position, with tag applied. With reference to Figure 18, there is shown an improved mechanical driving system. The application apparatus improvement is not limited by this, but this is an example of a particular embodiment. There are two coupled sets of linkages 45, 46. The 10 interconnection of the two sets of linkages is attached to the spring driver rod 47. The upper body part 48 of section B provides the support for the collar 49, that forms a stop for compression of the spring or interconnected springs 100. Collar 110 is attached and fixed to spring driver rod in the position shown. The other ends to the coupled linkages 45 and 46 are attached to two thrust support rollers 130. Pin 100 15 forms an anchor point to linkages 45 and 46 that is also the pivoting point for main body sections A & B. The two thrust support rollers 130 fit neatly within the long internal section of Part A. In the activated compression state (Figure 18), the linkage 46 is cocked or stopped by 20 the trigger mechanism 140 and 150. The trigger mechanism consists of two eccentrically pivoted arms 140 and 150 which interconnect at 160. Depression of trigger 150 results in a forward movement of the elongated member 140, which allows the square edge striker block 160 to be released from the second trigger arm, and activate the compressed spring to expand rapidly against collars 49 and 110, 25 acting on spring driver rod 47, to drive thrust supports roller 130 along channel towards the implant pin 9. The drive member 170 moves longitudinally within body section A. The driven member 170 is preferably in the form of elongate rod-like member disposed 30 substantially centrally of the barrel 180 and is the drive connection either directly to the implant pin (as shown) or to another free fall drive unit (not shown), which is not connected to linkage 46 and is designed to provide the drive connection to the implant 18 pin. This free fall adds more momentum to the system to enable skin penetration of the tag. The implant pin 29 is struck and drives the tag head 4c into the locking member 6. 5 The final stroke of the impact driver pin 170 allows the locking mechanism between main body members A & B to be released. The remaining compression of spring 10 forces main body members A & B to spring apart (see Figure 19). The locking mechanism of the tag is resultantly pulled from the anvil 21, and released from locking member holder 22. The locking member holder 22, is pivoted from main 10 body A at 23 and forms an L shape. At the bottom of the L shape, two fork like features protrude to capture the sides of the locking member of "the tag". A shouldered flat section 24 protrudes from the main body of the locking member holder. This shoulder interconnects with a flat long trigger, spring 25, 26 as shown. 15 The functions of the locking bush holder are: 1. To hold the locking bush of the tag in position for application 2. The locking bush holder is locked with locking mechanism 25, 26, after the applicator tool has been fired to release the locking member in order for the 20 implant pin to be released from its fired position. Now referring to Figure 18 & Figure 20 a round flat washer 210 is fixed to the end of spring driver rod 47. This distance along this rod 47 determines the distance of anvil release (ic. how far apart main body A & B are sprung apart). Once released, manual withdrawal of implant pin occurs using the pin attachment within the 25 cylindrical tube with driver rod positioned on head of implant pin. This pin withdrawal is not limited to only this process. By way of another example, facilities for the coupled linkages, when fixed, could be made so that the linkages could push past their fully extended and vertical plane, which would allow the applicator pin to be subsequently lifted, given a claw like attachment 30 when positioned under the base of the applicator head pin (not shown).

19 Figure 21 refers to a preferred embodiment of the applicator apparatus, in preparation and actual lodging of "the tag", The action of mechanically widening the gap between the main body sections A & B results in several functions. 5 The driver pin 170 is pulled back up the cylindrical structure 180. The coupled linkages 45, 46 are in their angular orientation (not limited by angle of presentation shown). 10 The trigger mechanism 140 and 150 is reset and is locked onto the striker block. The stop 21 and re-set trigger 14, 15 locks the angular orientation of the two main body components. The position of stop 21 along the spring driver rod determines the angle main bodies A & B are orientated. This determines the opening angle, and 15 allows positioning of the locking member alignment guide 23 to locate the locking member, to enable the tag to maintain its curvature between the guide 27 and locking member 6, for tag application. The locking member alignment guide allows the safe locking of "the tag" in an 20 aligned position. The above features now ensure "the tag" is loaded whilst there is no tension of the main spring. This is an important safety feature. Locking of the application apparatus is achieved once the tag is mounted, by pushing main body sections A & B together. Once drawn together, the locking mechanism to 25 hold the sections together is activated. Referring to Figure 18, a wide section with a slightly curved base section 24, attached to main body section A, presses over a long but narrow plate 25, which has a compression spring 26 exerting a positive force, through a thin plate 27. There is a gap between Main Body A and curved section 240, which allows a stop point, created by the plate being pushed into the position via the 30 spring 26. Once engaged, the two main body sections are locked together. The striker 160 releases this locking mechanism at the end of the stroke, by pushing the plate 25 downwards, to release the section 240.

20 General Discussion The arrangement in accordance with the present invention has been found to be 5 responsible for a number of important practical advantages, especially when compared with the more conventional animal ear tags as now in use. The advantages associated with the present applicant's arrangement are explained hereinafter in more detail. 10 Firstly, and by virtue of its actual configuration and location on the animal, the present applicant's tag can afford significantly enhanced readability. In that regard ear tags in accordance with the known art presented limited readability, as for example from the rear of the animal, in a milking shed or place when an animal such as a cow - is being milked from the side and towards the rear, in laneways, etc. 15 Alternatively, and as is sometimes the case in accordance with the known art when a leg tag is employed, such also affords only limited readability, dependent upon the location of viewing, and especially if covered over or soiled by dirt, faces, etc. Perhaps even more importantly the tag in accordance with the present invention, by 20 reason of its very configuration and location on the animal, can improve security against accidental damage or removal. This in marked contrast to the situation with conventional ear tags and other types of tags as are currently in use, which can exhibit a loss rate in excess of 4%, a significant number in real terms, and in fact an unacceptable number for practical purposes. 25 Thirdly, and by reason of the fact that a tag in accordance with the present invention can be designed specifically to be attached at two points within an area of skin, it exhibits much stronger attachment to the animal, again resulting in a minimising of the likelihood of unwanted removal, as could and did happen with the prior art 30 arrangements, for example by rubbing against other surfaces. Further, it must be realised that the single point of attachment evident with conventional ear tags can give rise, with time, to enlarging of the hole to such an extent as to perhaps allow for 21 the overall tag to slide therethrough, resulting in loss of the tag and leaving the animal not as readily identifiable. This possibility can be effectively reduced. The tag in accordance with the present invention is of especial significance as it 5 provides a means to readily attach other labelling means or markers, providing a means for quality assurance application that can be readily utilised by farmers and/or operators in sale yards and abattoirs. By way of example a cow with a mastitis infection is treated with antibiotics. The cow is normally kept in the herd but she needs to be identified when presented for milking. Her milk is withheld from the 10 main collection area as it contains antibiotics and a special collection bucket or the like is used to collect her milk. In accordance with the prior art practices, one method of distinguishing an infected cow from others was to actually paint the cow, whereby to allow ready identification thereof The problem was, however, that when the cow was cleared of infection, more often than not the paint was still visible, being difficult 15 to remove therefrom readily. The present applicant's arrangement provides a solution to such a problem by including a facility which allows for location on the tag of a suitable further label or distinguishing means, as for example a coloured marker, which may be readily removed or replaced to suit changing circumstances. 20 Further to the above, a major advantage of the present applicant's arrangement, for location within an area of skin of an animal, is the facility for many other management systems and/or marking identification devices to be used in conjunction therewith. 25 It should be realised that a tag in accordance with the present invention can vary considerably, from its front-on look or view, as shown in Figure 1, to its in situ appearance as shown in other drawings. Such a tag can be constructed to self-adjust according to the anatomy of the animal 30 involved, initially at the time of actual installation of the tag, and thereafter, according to changes in the physiology of the animal during its lifetime. Indeed, a tag in 22 accordance with the present invention is a multi-purpose article, which may be designed to allow for changes or variations in: i) skin thickness of the animal at the time of actual application; ii) body condition of the animal, as for example changes in fat content or 5 thickness in the subcutaneous tissue; and iii) growth of the animal with time, thus being especially insignificant when a tag is desired to be installed in or on an immature animal. A tag in accordance with the invention can remain in place on the animal for the lifetime of that animal. However, by allowing for ready attachment thereto of 10 additional tags, identification means or the like, the tag in accord with the invention serves other important functions, without necessitating removal, according to the desires of the owner of the tagged animal. For example if ownership changes, as can often happen, a different identification means can be readily located on the tag. By reason of the preferred location of the tag in accordance with the present invention, at 15 or in the area of the tail fold, the addition of further, or amended or changed, identification information, means or the like can be done simply and easily, even within the limited confines of a cattle race or milking shed. This is in marked contrast to what could be achieved with the prior art ear tags, wherein it was necessary to in effect head-lock the animal to gain access to the ear and associated tag. 20 Turning again to the drawings it should be noted that, in use, the body portion of the tag is intended to be aligned substantially parallel to the skin fold of the animal. The implanting portion or penetrating head of the tag is placed centrally through the further aperture, and then has two points of attachment to the skin, thereafter again 25 coming into contact with the body portion for engagement with the locking means thereof. By reason of such a configuration and mode of application, the tag when installed is located relative to the surface of the skin of the animal in an extremely stable manner. The thus installed tag will therefore be substantially proofed against unwanted movement relative to the animal, as for example rotation, being movement 30 of a type which was all too readily possible with the prior art tags. In fact, the operator/installer may have total control over how a tag in accordance with the present invention is disposed on a given animal.

23 In the result, a loop formed by the tag located external to the skin or skin fold allows for ready and continuous variation in the location relative thereto for additional marking or information devices. Such caters for variations which could possibly exist 5 - from one animal to the next - in the angle or inclination of the skin into which the tag is to be inserted or implanted. By way of example only, the angular variation of the skin may be as much as 900 in the vertical plane. With the present tag, the operator/implanter can select the angle of attachment relative to the area of pinched skin, hence maintaining the tag in its optimum position on the animal in terms of 10 readability, access, etc., effectively independent of the animal's anatomy. In accordance with the known art electronic marking or identification means have been employed, for location on or in an animal of any given type. In actual fact at least three electronic identification systems presently exist. These include a 15 microchip placed in an ear tag, a microchip placed in the stomach or rumen of the animal and/or a microchip placed on a necklace or the like, to be located around the neck or throat of the animal. Each of these, however, has been found to suffer from a number of disadvantages. Firstly animals must pass through a reading station individually and at a limited speed. Secondly the reading station or scanner must be 20 able to cover a wide area, by reason of the fact that the head and neck of the animal should be in different positions as different animals pass through the scanner. When one bears in mind that there may be a tendency for more than one animal to enter a shed or the like at substantially the same time, there is a likelihood of inaccuracies in reading when electronic means of identification are employed. The present 25 applicant's arrangement, however, especially when located in a tail fold position, ameliorates the aforementioned disadvantages, principally by reason of the fact that, from animal to animal, the tag in accordance with the present invention can be located at substantially the same height and position, not only facilitating reading but also ameliorating any problems which would have been caused previously be having more 30 than one animal enter the scanning area at the same time, since the scanning equipment can be more accurately directed when compared with the prior art arrangements.

24 In a situation wherein a microchip was located within the rumen of an animal, such also gave rise to problems in terms of retention rate and actual readability. These problems are to all intents and purposes ameliorated when a tag in accordance with 5 the present invention is positioned on the tail-fold of the animal. In actual fact with the present application's arrangement the process of electronic identification or monitoring of animals can become more simple and significantly more reliable. In terms of actual visual identification applicant's arrangement, as distinct from 10 electronic identification, can be responsible for significant advantages. In that regard it should be realised that most procedures carried out on animals, as for example milking with cows, artificial insemination, pregnancy testing and often therapeutic treatment, are conducted from the rear of that animal. It therefore makes sense to utilise means which allow for ready identification of the animal from the rear, rather 15 than to have to look elsewhere on the body of that animal. A further advantage associated with the present applicant's arrangement results from a tag in accordance with the present invention having the facility to have associated therewith and attached thereto other devices, as for example a pressure sensitive 20 device of any given type. When the animal involved is a cow, for example, the incorporation of such a pressure-sensitive device on the tag located within the tail fold area will indicate when the cow has been served or mounted, hence affording an indication as to whether or not a cow is in season and/or is ovulating. Such constitutes an extremely important facility and associated advantage for purposes of 25 herd management. In that regard it should be realised that many cattle in Australia are artificially inseminated. It therefore becomes imperative for the farmer/herd owner to be able to determine readily when a cow is in season. It is to be understood that the word comprising as used throughout the specification is 30 to be interpreted in its inclusive form ie. use of the word comprising does not exclude the addition of other elements.

25 Finally it should be understood that the aforegoing description refers merely to be preferred embodiments of the present invention and that variations and modifications will be possible thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A tag for attachment to an animal comprising, a penetrating portion having two spaced apart penetrating members joined by 5 a central section extending therebetween the penetrating members each having a stem portion extending away from a join with the central section and terminating in a connection with a penetrating head having a pointed end, the connection between each stem portion and each penetrating head forming a shoulder; and a complementary portion having a pair of openings, each opening being 10 associated with a locking portion arranged so as to be able to receive a respective penetrating head and lock it to the complementary portion by engagement with the respective shoulder; wherein each stem portion is hollow and communicates with an open end to provide access for a pair of implant pins of a tag applicator. 15

2. The tag according to claim 1 wherein the shape of the penetrating portion is such that material forming the penetrating portion provides substantially no external overhang extending outwardly beyond the respective joins between the penetrating members and the central section in a direction defined by a straight line extending 20 between the joins.

3. The tag of claim 1 or claim 2 having attached thereto any one or more of a flag, a flag attached by a swivel, any form of data concerning the animal to which the tag is attached, a transponder, any form of diagnostic or electronic device, any form of 25 treatment device or chemical, any form of signaling device, and any form of locating device.

4. The tag according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the complementary component comprises a medial portion connecting the locking portions the medial 30 portion including slot shaped openings through which the penetrating members pass when the penetrating heads are engaged with said locking portions, said slot shaped 27 openings being sized to permit increased separation of the penetrating members to accommodate growth of an animal body portion to which the tag is affixed.

5. The tag of claim 4 wherein the medial portion comprises a resilient strap 5 connecting the pair of locking portions such that when the locking portions are engaged with the respective penetrating heads of the penetrating members, an intermediate portion of the strap is biased toward the central section to provide a snug fit with animal skin disposed therebetween while allowing for growth of the animal. 10

6. The tag of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the penetrating head comprises a central supporting portion of moulded plastics material having at least two thin flanges having sharp edges and meeting at a sharp point forward of the supporting portion. 15

7. The tag according to claim 6 wherein the flanges define a generally arrowhead shaped outline for the penetrating head.

8. A tag according to any one of claims 1 to 7 substantially as hereinbefore described. 20 Dated this 25th day of March 2009 25 John James Steinfort and Neil Frederick Edney by their patent attorneys Morcom Pernat