AU2006326459B2

AU2006326459B2 - Proteinaceous food products and methods of producing these food products

Info

Publication number: AU2006326459B2
Application number: AU2006326459A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Stanley Andrews; Adam Lechter; Kati Ledbetter; Charles H. Marsland; Adam Synoground
Original assignee: Archer Daniels Midland Co
Current assignee: Archer Daniels Midland Co
Priority date: 2005-12-13
Filing date: 2006-12-13
Publication date: 2012-09-20
Anticipated expiration: 2026-12-13
Also published as: CA2629014A1; WO2007070616A2; AU2006326459A1; NZ567746A; WO2007070616A3; EP1959753A2

Abstract

Food products are disclosed. Methods of producing and distributing the food products are further disclosed.

Description

WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 FOOD PRODUCTS, METHODS OF PRODUCING 5 THE FOOD PRODUCTS, AND METHODS OF DISTRIBUTING THE FOOD PRODUCTS AND INGREDIENTS THEREOF 10 INVENTORS: Stan Andrews Adam Lechter Charles H. Marsland 15 Adam Synoground TECHNICAL FIELD 20 The invention relates generally to proteinaceous food components and food products including the proteinaceous food components. BACKGROUND Some food products such as chips, bars, snacks, crackers, 25 wafers, flat breads, cookies, biscuits, breads, bagels, cakes, muffins, waffles, pancakes, french fries, meat analogs, pasta, pastries, and doughnuts have developed over the years with a focus on carbohydrate-based material formulations. This focus on carbohydrates (such as flour, sugar, starch, and derivatives of such) and their functional properties has had a major impact on 30 manufacturing processes and equipment used to produce the food products. Food processing equipment, materials of construction, equipment design, material handling requirements and systems, process design, recipe creation and product formulation have all developed around these carbohydrate-based product formulations. Most importantly, though, these carbohydrate-based 35 product formulations have made a permanent impact on the expectations of the consumer regarding food product taste, texture, and mouth-feel. Unfortunately, this focus on carbohydrate-based foods has also had other unwanted WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 consequences such as an increase in obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes, and lethargy. Many of these diseases are linked to high-carbohydrate diets the western hemisphere. In the United States, the concern over the consumption of high 5 sugar and high fat foods by the population is being addressed by the government. In fact, in 2005, the US government revised the Dietary Guidelines for food consumption in the United States. One of the goals of the revision of the Dietary Guidelines is to stop the alarming increase in obesity among the youth in the United States as too many children are overweight due to a lack of 10 exercise and poor eating habits. One problem in children's diets is that if the school aged children do not care for the food being offered at school cafeterias, the children are able to obtain a foodstuff such as a candy bar, or other high sugar, high carbohydrate or high fat snack out of a vending machine located at the school. Thus, some children's diets may become focused on high sugar, 15 high carbohydrate or high fat foodstuffs. As a result, the need for changes to the high-carbohydrate diet has become critical for the general public's long-term health and wellness. The difficulty with enacting the necessary product formulation changes is that a change in food ingredients is usually not simple, nor just an easy substitution of 20 one ingredient for another. For instance, the foods must still be palatable and digestible, and the foods must be capable of being successfully processed -on existing manufacturing equipment, ranging from home kitchen appliances to large industrial scale equipment. Additionally, this material technology must be balanced, for it needs to not only meet the requirements of the equipment, but it 25 must ultimately yield a food product with taste, texture and mouth-feel characteristics similar to existing carbohydrate-based food products. Thus, any new food material technology should be multifunctional, in that it can be processed and taste similar to carbohydrate containing food products. In order to be processed, such foods would need to 30 emulate the material characteristics exhibited by high-carbohydrate foods, including possessing controllable extensibility, elongation, volume expansion, and adhesion properties needed to be processed in common food -2extrusion, and various molding processes). The processed food materials will also be physically subjected to equipment handling, various extrusion techniques, and thickness reduction methods on automated process equipment to measurements ranging from 300 mm to as little as 0.10 mm. Conventional carbohydrate materials technology used for these common food processes has been mastered over years of engineering, work, and effort. Therefore, these processes and the equipment have been designed for processing of high carbohydrate products. Accordingly, there exists a need for a material base change in food processing which will yield good tasting, economical, high-protein, reduced carbohydrate or sugar foods, while the improved food product can be processed with existing equipment. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect the invention provides a wafer comprising: at least 30% of a whole wheat flour on a dry weight basis; and a protein isolate. In another aspect, the invention provides a food product comprising a wafer of the invention. In one embodiment, the protein isolate is wheat protein isolate. In a further embodiment, a filling composition includes 7-40% protein isolate, 3-15% shortening and a sweetener. In additional embodiments, the filling composition may further include at least one of a fiber and a flavoring. In yet another embodiment, a food product produced with the molded food composition and the filling composition of the present invention are disclosed. The food product may optionally be coated with a coating. In other embodiments, methods of distributing at least one ingredient or a blend of at least two ingredients of the molded food composition, the filling composition, or a combination thereof are disclosed. Methods of distributing the molded food composition, the filling composition or combinations thereof are further disclosed. In an additional embodiment, a food composition configured as a filling includes a first protein, a sweetener, and a second protein. In this embodiment, the first protein is different than the first protein.

In a further embodiment, a food composition configured as a wafer comprises a protein isolate and a compound selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil, an emulsifier, and combinations thereof. The food composition further includes a flour. In yet another embodiment, a food composition includes a wafer comprising a whole wheat flour; a filling contacting at least a portion of the wafer, the filling including a fat, an oil, or a combination thereof. The food composition also includes a coating covering at least a portion of the wafer, wherein the coating includes a sweetener and a soluble fiber. In an additional embodiment, a food composition includes a wafer having a flour and a protein selected from the group consisting of soy protein, wheat protein, whey protein, egg protein and any combination thereof. The food composition also includes a filling that contacts at least a portion of the wafer, wherein the filling comprises a protein isolate and a trans-fat free oil. In another embodiment, a food composition includes a wafer, a filling contacting at least a portion of the wafer, and a coating covering at least a portion of the wafer. In this embodiment, twenty-six grams of the food compositions comprises at least four grams of dietary fiber and at least four grams of protein. In yet an additional embodiment, a food product configured as a molded wafer includes whole wheat flour and a protein selected from the group consisting of soy protein, wheat protein, whey protein, canola protein, egg protein, and combinations of any thereof. The term "comprising" as used in this specification and claims means "consisting at least in part of". When interpreting statements in this specification and claims which includes the "comprising", other features besides the features prefaced by this term in each statement can also be present. Related terms such as "comprise" and "comprised" are to be interpreted in similar manner. In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art. In the description in this specification reference may be made to subject matter that is not within the scope of the claims of the current application. That subject matter should be readily identifiable by a person skilled in the art and may assist in putting into practice the invention as defined in the claims of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Research and development on healthier foods has continued. For instance, US Patent Application 2003/0091698 to Marsland, the contents of the entirety of which is incorporated by this reference, discloses some examples of high-protein, reduced carbohydrate food products. US Patent Application 2003/0113434 to Marsland, the contents of the entirety of which is incorporated by this reference, discloses some examples of proteinaceous wafers, waffles, WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 inclusion ingredient, and cookie food products. The present invention discloses improved food products. The invention relates to food material technology. In one embodiment, a food product of the present invention possesses controllable, 5 engineered process-related functionality, including high to low break elongation, high to low tensile strength, high to low expansion, and high to low adhesion which enables the food product to be produced in commercial food processes. The food product also possesses good die cutting characteristics, molded form retention, is edible, and forms a dough-like material that, when blended with 10 water, is processed much like a conventional high-carbohydrate dough. The food product can be formulated to work within numerous existing food process systems, including direct reduction sheeting, lamination sheeting, single and twin screw extrusion, die cutting, and molding processes followed by baking, drying, boiling, steaming, frying, seasoning, enrobing, or combinations of any 15 thereof. Foods that may be produced include, without limitation, chips, bars, snacks, crackers, wafers, flat breads, cookies, biscuits, breads, bagels, cakes, french fries, meat analogs, pasta, pastries, breakfast cereals, pancakes, waffles, pizza dough, muffins, and doughnuts. The food product may further 20 comprise a topical seasoning, coating or an enrobed covering to enhance the flavor of the food product. In another embodiment, any of the food products produced herein may be used to increase the protein consumption in a population. For instance, a high-protein food product of the present invention may be placed in 25 a vending machine at a school in order to increase the amount of protein that school children consume, while decreasing the amount of suger or carbohydrate in the school children's diet. Processes used to produce the food product of the present invention include, but are not limited to: the blending of food ingredients in a 30 mixer; the conversion of the food ingredients into an extensible reduced carbohydrate, high protein dough through the addition of water and thorough mixing; the transfer, reduction and/or molding of the dough or batter to a desired -5- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 thickness and shape through extrusion, die cutting, reduction sheeting, lamination sheeting processes, direct deposit, and/or rotary molding (i.e., rotary piston molding); baking, drying, exposure to microwave radiation, frying, steaming, boiling, or a combination of such for desired moisture reduction; or 5 proteinaceous matrix curing or setting. In other embodiments, food processing techniques that may be used include, without limitation: mixing of a reduced carbohydrate protein blend with modified wheat protein(s) (i.e., wheat protein isolates), protein concentrates, protein isolates, fats, oils, emulsifiers (i.e., lecithin or 10 monoglyceride containing compositions), select carbohydrate materials, and combinations of any thereof if desired for flavor, texture, seasoning, bulking, gelatinization, and combinations of any thereof; the addition of water to the blend of ingredients to form a soft, extensible, cohesive, non-adhesive dough or batter; the transfer of the moist, yet solid dough to an extrusion reduction 15 sheeter system, lamination sheeting, direct deposit, rotary molding system, or any combination thereof, wherein the final food product may be deposited, formed, sheeted, or molded to a thickness of from about 300 mm to about 0.10 mm. The reduced thickness dough may also be processed by a die cutting device for the cutting or formation of chips, bars, snacks, crackers, wafers, flat 20 breads, cookies, biscuits, breads, bagels, cakes, french fries, meat analogs, pasta, pastries, doughnuts or other food product. In other embodiments, individual cut or deposited food products (i.e., batters or doughs) produced herein can be placed directly onto a conveyor band. The food products may be transferred to a moisture-reduction process 25 including, but not limited to, baking, drying, microwaving, frying, steaming, boiling, or a combination of such until the extensible protein based food reaches the desired moisture percentage and possesses durable handling strength, shelf stability, texture, flavor, crunch, or any combination thereof. The final fabricated food product may also be seasoned, flavored, layered, enrobed with 30 a topical seasoning, coated, or any combination thereof, and packaged for delivery to a consumer or food processor. -6- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 In other embodiments, the dough, batter, filling composition, coating or any combination thereof may include other ingredients including, without limitation: fruit paste; food colorants; flavoring agents; vitamins; minerals; edible oils or fats (i.e., vegetable oils, legume oils, lecithin, butter, 5 cheese curds, natural cheese, processed cheese and/or shortening); emulsifiers; leavening agents; natural or artificial sweeteners; a sweetener solution or syrup; a nutritive sweetener; fructose; sucrose; a non-nutritive sweetener; maltitol; isomalt; lactitol; xylitol; erythritol; sorbitol; mannitol; polydextrose; inulin; tagatose; acesulfame K; sucralose; saccharin; cyclamates; 10 aspartame; alitame; starches; thickening agents; soluble fiber (including, but not limited to, a soluble digestion resistant fiber (i.e., FIBERSOL brand digestion resistant maltodextrin available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company of Decatur, IL, OLIGGO-FIBER@ brand inulin available from Cargill, Minneapolis, MN, NUTRIOSE@ brand soluble fiber available from Roquette Freres of 15 Lestrem, France, and/or polydextrose); an insoluble fiber; a cellulose (i.e., microcrystalline cellulose or carboxymethylcellulose); maltodextrins; corn-syrup solids; potato starch; corn starch; wheat starch; a vegetable product; a fruit product; a nut product; an edible bean powder or fraction; texture modifiers (i.e., calcium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate); carbohydrates (i.e., fiber, gums, 20 starches, pregelatinized starches, crystalline starches, powdered flavors, spices, herbs, texturizing agents, beta glucan-based materials, corn masa, modified flour, dried potato material, grain flours, legume flour or products, seed meal, seeds, vegetable matter); isolated or purified nutraceuticals or plant extracts (i.e. lignans, isoflavones, sterols, glucosamine or any combinations thereof); 25 powdered flavors; spices; herbs; texturizing agents; beta-glucan based materials; a yogurt product; or combinations of any thereof. In one embodiment, the shortening may be a low trans-fat shortening such as, for example, NovaLipid brand 106-150 shortening available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company of Decatur, IL, which is an interesterified oil having zero grams of 30 trans-fat per serving and wherein about 90% of the saturated fat of the NovaLipid brand 106-150 shortening is stearic acid. In another embodiment, the shortening may be any type of edible oil including, but not limited to, -7- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 sunflower oil, canola oil, soy oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, palm oil, a diacylglycerol oil (i.e., ENOVA brand oil), a low trans oil, a no trans oil, or combinations of any thereof. In other embodiments, various proteins may be added to the 5 dough, batter, filling composition, coating or combination of any thereof. Examples of such proteins include, without limitation: wheat protein; wheat protein isolate (i.e., any chemically or enzyme catalyzed wheat protein isolate including without limitation wheat protein isolate FP 5000, Arise 5000, and Arise 6000, each available from Midwest Grain Products of Atchison, KS); wheat 10 gluten (i.e., such as PROLITE brand wheat gluten available from Archer Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL); buttermilk solids; milk powders; egg protein; canola protein; pea protein; wheat protein; potato protein; corn protein; sesame protein; sunflower protein; cottonseed protein; copra protein; palm kernel protein; safflower protein; linseed protein; peanut protein; lupin protein; 15 oat protein; soy protein; soy protein concentrates; soy protein isolates (i.e., ProFam 781, ProFam 985, or Profam 891 available from Archer-Daniels Midland Company, Decatur, IL); edible bean proteins; wheat protein concentrate; textured wheat protein powder (i.e., available from Midwest Grain Products, Atchison, KS); sweetened composite protein (i.e., Beta 3000 available 20 from Betafoods, Natick, MA); calcium caseinate; sodium caseinate; textured wheat protein; textured vegetable protein; whey protein concentrate; rice protein concentrate; zein; denatured proteins; oil seed proteins; hydrolyzed proteins; cheese; textured proteins; fish protein; amino acids; peptides; collagen; casein; animal protein; single cell protein; flax protein; flax meal; and mixtures of any 25 thereof. In additional embodiments, processes used to produce the food products of the present invention include: mixing of the various food ingredients and water (and steam if necessary) in a mixing vessel and/or extruder barrel (or preconditioner) to form a soft, moist, extensible, or non-sticky dough or batter. 30 The dough or batter may be extruded through a die (and cut to a desired shape and size), transferred to a sheeting, lamination sheeting, or rotary molding process. The dough or batter may also be subjected to reduction or -8- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 and size), transferred to a sheeting, lamination sheeting, or rotary molding process. The dough or batter may also be subjected to reduction or transformation into a desired shape and thickness for processing into a food product. In other embodiments, the dough or batter may be cut or formed into 5 the desired food product shape and size through the utilization of a cutting die, rotary cutter or guillotine cutting system. The food product may also be transferred to a tunnel oven, drying, microwaving, frying (including vacuum frying), steaming, boiling process, or any combination thereof at temperatures less than 900OF (4820C), but greater than 100*F (38*C). The food product may 10 be processed in any of these manners until the final food product reaches a desired moisture percentage of less than 25%, such as from 1% to 20%. In other embodiments, mixture ratios of the various ingredients used in the food products produced herein may be modified for increased or decreased final nutritional levels as well as functional properties of the food 15 product. Mixing of the various ingredients may be done by adding all ingredients directly into a single chamber, mixing with a single or double arm mixing device (including a ribbon blender), or by direct feed mixing in the barrel of an extruder and mixing or blending until thoroughly integrated. The water percentage of the dough mixture will vary according to the ingredients, protein 20 composition, type of protein, solubility of protein, fat percentage, temperature of surrounding environment, and method of processing, and may be determined using routine experimentation. In an additional embodiment, a molded food product may include at least 30% flour and a wheat protein isolate, which may be present at 10-70% 25 or 10-50%. The flour may also be present at 45-70%. The molded food product may also include 3-30% of an additional protein. In a further embodiment, a filling composition includes 7-40% protein isolate, 3-15% shortening, and a sweetener. The filling composition may also include 5-40% of a soluble fiber and, optionally, a flavoring that may be 30 present at 10-70%. The formed and cut food products may also be processed by baking, drying, frying, microwaving, steaming, boiling, or any combination -9- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 shelf stable products such as chips, bars, snacks, crackers, wafers, flat breads, cookies, pasta, biscuits, or cereals, or 2%-6.5% to avoid scorching and burning. The final moisture content may be 3%-30% for breads, bagels, cakes, pastries, french fries, meat analogs, food pellets, or doughnuts. Topical seasonings, 5 icings, coatings, oils, fats or any combination thereof may also be added to the food product for enhanced flavor. The dough product or batter produced herein may be processed with existing equipment in a commercial bakery, extrusion plant, pasta plant, or snack food plant, and enables high volume production of a food product that is 10 traditionally difficult to produce at economical costs due to the fragility and lack of extensibility of high-protein dough products. In one embodiment, the food product that is produced according to the present invention is a filling composition including a protein, a sweetener and an emulsifier. Examples of such proteins that may be used include, without 15 limitation: wheat protein; wheat protein isolate (i.e., any chemically or enzyme catalyzed wheat protein isolate including without limitation wheat protein isolate FP 5000, Arise 5000, and Arise 6000, each available from Midwest Grain Products, or PROLITE wheat protein isolate available from Archer-Daniels Midland Company, Decatur, IL); wheat gluten; buttermilk solids; milk powders; 20 egg protein; canola protein; pea protein; wheat protein; potato protein; corn protein; sesame protein; sunflower protein; cottonseed protein; copra protein; palm kernel protein; safflower protein; linseed protein; peanut protein; lupin protein; oat protein; soy protein; soy protein concentrates; soy protein isolates (i.e., ProFam 781, ProFam 985, or Profam 891 available from Archer-Daniels 25 Midland Company, Decatur, IL); edible bean proteins; wheat protein concentrate; textured wheat protein powder (i.e., available from MGP, Atchison, KS); sweetened composite protein (i.e., Beta 3000 available from Betafoods, Natick, MA); calcium caseinate; sodium caseinate; textured wheat protein; textured vegetable protein; whey protein concentrate; rice protein concentrate; 30 zein; denatured proteins; oil seed proteins; hydrolyzed proteins; cheese; textured proteins; fish protein; amino acids; peptides; collagen; casein; animal protein; single cell protein; flax protein; flax meal; and mixtures of any thereof. -10- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Examples of sweeteners that may be used include, without limitation: a sweetener solution, a sweetener syrup, a natural sweetener, an artificial sweetener, a nutritive sweetener, a non-nutritive sweetener, and combinations of any thereof. Examples of emulsifiers that may be used include, without 5 limitation: monoglycerides, diglycerides, lecithin (standard, acetylated, hydroxylated and/or modified), sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) and SSL combinations with distilled monoglycerides, ethoxylated monoglycerides, monodiglycerides, polysorbates, polyglycerol esters, sucrose esters, succinylated monoglycerides, acetylated monoglycerides, lactylated 10 monoglycerides, sorbitan esters, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides, polyglycerol polyricinoleate glycerol, and any combination thereof. In another embodiment, a composition configured as a wafer includes a protein and a vegetable oil, an emulsifier or a combination thereof. The protein may include, without limitation: wheat protein; wheat protein isolate 15 (i.e., any chemically or enzyme catalyzed wheat protein isolate including without limitation wheat protein isolate FP 5000, Arise 5000, and Arise 6000, each available from Midwest Grain Products, or PROLITE wheat protein isolate available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL); wheat gluten; buttermilk solids; milk powders; egg protein; canola protein; pea protein; wheat 20 protein; potato protein; corn protein; sesame protein; sunflower protein; cottonseed protein; copra protein; palm kernel protein; safflower protein; linseed protein; peanut protein; lupin protein; oat protein; soy protein; soy protein concentrates; soy protein isolates (i.e., ProFam 781, ProFam 985, or Profam 891 available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL); edible bean 25 proteins; wheat protein concentrate; textured wheat protein powder (i.e., available from MGP, Atchison, KS); sweetened composite protein (i.e., Beta 3000 available from Betafoods, Natick, MA); calcium caseinate; sodium caseinate; textured wheat protein; textured vegetable protein; whey protein concentrate; rice protein concentrate; zein; denatured proteins; oil seed 30 proteins; hydrolyzed proteins; cheese; textured proteins; fish protein; amino acids; peptides; collagen; casein; animal protein; single cell protein; flax protein; flax meal; and mixtures of any thereof. - 11 - WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 acids; peptides; collagen; casein; animal protein; single cell protein; flax protein; flax meal; and mixtures of any thereof. In one embodiment, the filling composition may be incorporated into a foodstuff. Examples of such foodstuffs include, without limitations: baked 5 goods (i.e., breads, doughs, muffins, snacks, cakes, brownies, cookies, pastries, bars and wafers), prepared foods, food ingredients, and nutritional and/or health food products, molded proteinaceous compositions (i.e., wafer, crisp, nugget, granule, puffed rice, and a pellet), and any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the food product may be coated or 10 enrobed. The coating may include a chocolate coating (white chocolate, milk chocolate, dark chocolate (including, without limitation, bittersweet and/or semisweet chocolates), or any combination thereof); a compound or confectionary coating; a yogurt or yogurt product; a peanut butter composition or any combination thereof. The coating may further include other ingredients 15 which include, without limitations; fiber (soluble and insoluble); vitamins; minerals; nutraceuticals; proteins; and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, a coating of the present invention may comprise ingredients including, but not limited to, chocolate, a yogurt product, fiber, protein, and any combination thereof. 20 In yet a further embodiment, the various components (i.e., the wafer, the creme, and the coating) of the cookie may be each manufactured at a geographic location, and shipped or transported to a second geographic location. For instance, the wafers may be produced at a first location for shipment to a food manufacturer at a second location, such that the food 25 manufacturer is enabled to combine the various components and create the cookie using pre-manufactured components of the cookie. The description and claims of the present invention makes reference to various ingredients present in a food product at various ranges. It will be apparent by those of ordinary skill in the art that the percentage or range 30 of percentages given are exemplary and may vary depending on numerous factors including, without limitation, the amount of water or moisture in the product or ingredient or known errors or variations in equipment used to -12- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 encompass each percent within the range. For instance, a range of 5-10% includes 5%, 10% and any value in between. The invention is further explained by use of the following exemplary embodiments. 5 EXAMPLES Example 1. In one embodiment, a wafer was produced with the following ingredients: Ingredient Dry Weight Percentage 69.0 parts wheat flour 68.3% 25.0 parts wheat protein isolate (e.g., PROLITE 200 24.8% available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 4.5 parts egg white protein 4.5% 2.0 parts lecithin (e.g., YELKIN SS soy lecithin available 2% from Archer-Daniel s-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 0.5 parts potassium bicarbonate 0.5% 10 The ingredients were mixed or blended with water to form a batter. The batter was subjected to a pressure molding system, heated, and cooked to form wafers. A cooked wafer produced with this embodiment has a mass of about 2.5 g and a moisture content of about 2%. - 13 - WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 2. In another embodiment, a wafer was produced with the following ingredients: Ingredient Dry Weight Percentage 75 parts of wheat flour 46.2% 75 parts of wheat protein isolate (e.g., PROLITE 200 46.2% available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 10 parts of egg white protein 6.2% 2 parts lecithin (e.g., YELKIN SS soy lecithin available from 1.2% Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 0.5 parts potassium bicarbonate 0.3% 5 The ingredients were mixed or blended with water to form a batter. The batter was subjected to a pressure molding system, heated, and cooked to form wafers. A cooked wafer produced with this embodiment has mass of about 2 g and a moisture content of about 2%. 10 Example 3. In yet another embodiment, a wafer was produced with the following ingredients: Ingredient Dry Weight Percentage 65 parts of wheat flour 63.4% 12.5 parts of wheat protein isolate (e.g., PROLITE 200 12.2% available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 12.5 parts of soy protein isolate (e.g., PROFAM 780 12.2% available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 10 parts of egg white protein 10% 2 parts of lecithin (e.g.,- YELKIN SS soy lecithin available 2% from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 0.5 parts of potassium bicarbonate 0.5% -14- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 The ingredients were mixed or blended with water to form a batter. The batter was subjected to a pressure molding system, heated, and cooked to form wafers. A cooked wafer produced with this embodiment has mass of about 2 g and a moisture content of about 2%. 5 Example 4. In yet another embodiment, a creme formulation was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredient Dry Weight Percentage 50 parts soy protein isolate (e.g., PROFAM 780 available from 13.3% Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 50 parts of a digestion resistant soluble fiber (e.g., FIBERSOL 13.3% digestion resistant maltodextrin available from Archer-Daniels Midland Company, Decatur, IL. FIBERSOL is a trademark of Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 25 parts of a shortening (e.g., low trans shortening available 6.7% from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 150 parts of a flavoring (e.g., natural peanut butter comprising 40% ground peanuts) 100 parts of a sweetener (e.g., crystalline fructose) 126.7% 10 The ingredients were blended together to form a cr6me type material. The creme may be used as a filling or placed between two wafers. The creme may also contain a colorant to give the creme a desired color. -15 - WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 5. In another embodiment, a crbme formulation was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredient Dry Weight Percentage 100 parts soy protein isolate (e.g., PROFAM 780 available 26.6% from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 25 parts of a shortening (e.g., low trans shortening available 6.7% from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL) 150 parts of a flavoring (e.g., natural peanut butter 40% comprising ground peanuts) 100 parts of a sweetener (e.g., crystalline fructose) 26.7% 5 The ingredients were blended together to form a crbme type material. The crbme may be used as a filling or placed between two wafers. The crdme may also contain a colorant to give the crbme a desired color. -16- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 6. In one embodiment, a creme formulation or filling composition was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredient Grams Percentage Maltitol Syrup 259.9 25.99 Sorbitol Solution 358 35.8 All purpose Shortening 80 8 Panalite MPB 45 LT 20 2 brand monoglycerides Sweet Whey 20 2 Potassium Sorbate 1 0.1 Prolite 100 brand 40 4 Wheat Protein Isolate Water 46.5 4.65 Natural/ Artificial 5 0.5 Raspberry Flavor Natural/ Artificial 2.5 0.25 Yogurt Flavor Natural Yogurt Flavor 2.5 0.25 Ace-K 0.3 0.03 Salt 0.5 0.05 Instant Gel 63.8 6.38 FIBERSOL brand 100 10 digestion resistant maltodextrin 5 The ingredients were blended together to form a crdme type material or filling composition. The cr(me may be used as a filling composition for incorporation into a food stuff, placed between two wafers or used as a coating for a foodstuff. The cr~me may also contain a colorant to give the cr~me a desired color. 10 Other uses for this creme would be inclusion in cakes, cake mixes, donuts, pastries, desserts, puddings, or any combinations thereof. This creme could also be used as a topping or a filling for cakes, cake mixes, donuts, pastries, desserts, puddings, or any combinations thereof. - 17- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 7. In yet another embodiment, a wafer was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredients % in Formula Sodium BiCarbonate 0.130434783 Water 57.26086957 Egg White Powder 1.565217391 Soy protein isolate, Profam 781 5 Soy Oil 1.739130435 Lecithin 0.869565217 Wheat flour, ADM Dominator Flour 32.43478262 Wheat protein isolate, Prolite 200 1 Total 100 5 The above ingredients were mixed together and formed into a batter. The batter was placed into a molded wafer plate and heated to form a wafer. -18- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 8. In yet another embodiment, a crime formulation or filling composition was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredients % in formula Soy protein isolate, Profam 781 23.58078603 Diacylglycerol oil, Enova Oil (made 6.986899563 from soybean oil and canola oil) NovaLipid brand 106-050 shortening, 10.91703057 90% interesterified soybean oil with 10% hydrogenated cottonseed oil Peanut Butter (roasted peanuts and 33.62445415 salt) -Sterols, CardioAid 3.6 Sugar 19.98078603 Lecithin 1.310043668 Total 100 5 The ingredients were mixed together to form a creme type material or filling composition. The cr6me may be used as a filling composition for incorporation into a food stuff, placed between two wafers or used as a coating for a foodstuff. The cr~me may also contain a colorant to give the crdme a desired color and optionally an added flavoring agent such as peanut 10 oil flavor. Example 9. In yet another embodiment, a crbme formulation or filling composition of the present invention is placed into a food stuff. The wafers and 15 creme filling of the present invention are used to form a cr6me-filled wafer cookie. The cookie is made by placing cr~me filling on a wafer and/or between two wafers, thus, forming a core comprising the wafer and the cr6me filling. The core may be coated or enrobed with a coating. The coating may be a chocolate coating and comprise ingredients including, but not limited - 19 - WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 to, chocolate, fiber, protein, and any combination thereof in order to increase the fiber/and or protein content of the chocolate coating. The core may be used in a variety of different food products including, but not limited to, candy bars, breakfast bars, nutrition bars, cookies, 5 and any other food composition that includes wafers. The following ingredients were used to create a chocolate coated peanut butter wafer. Ingredients % in Formula Chocolate Coating 34 Crd ne filling (from Example 3) 42 Wafer (from Example 2) 24 Total j100 In this embodiment, the chocolate coating included sugar, 10 chocolate liquor (processed with alkali), cocoa butter, milk fat, soy lecithin and vanillin (i.e., artificial flavor). In this embodiment, 13 grams of the chocolate coated peanut butter wafer had the following nutritional characteristics: about 70 calories; about 3.5 grams of total fat (about 27%); about 1.5 grams of saturated fat (about 15 11.5%); no trans fat; no cholesterol; about 20 milligrams of sodium; about 6 grams of total carbohydrates (about 46.2%); about 4 grams of sugar (about 30.8%); and about 3 grams of protein (about 23.1%). It will be apparent by those of ordinary skill in the art that the amount of ingredients in the wafer, the filling composition, and the coating may 20 vary and may include other ingredients or trace ingredients used to preserve freshness and/or texture of the product. These variations may also slightly affect the nutritional characteristics of the food composition. Example 10. 25 In yet a further embodiment, the various components (i.e., the wafer, the creme, and the coating) of the cookie may be each manufactured at a first geographic location, and shipped or transported to a second geographic - 20- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 location. For instance, the wafers may be produced at a first location for shipment to a food manufacturer at a second location, such that the food manufacturer is enabled to combine the various components and create the cookie using pre-manufactured components of the cookie. 5 At least one of the food ingredients of a food product of the present invention may be admixed with another food ingredient or, optionally all of the food ingredients of the food products, to form a blend of food ingredients that partially or completely make up the food product (i.e., the wafer or the cr6me composition). This blend of food ingredients may be packaged and 10 shipped or sent to a food manufacturer or other consumer, along with indicia associated with the blend of food ingredients directing the food manufacturer or consumer of how to prepare the food product. This embodiment saves the food manufacturer or consumer time in that the blend of food ingredients comes pre-mixed and in a proper ratio such 15 that the food manufacturer or consumer does not need to weight out and measure the individual ingredients. Further, the food manufacturer or consumer does not have to pay to ship a water component of the blend of final food product since the blend may be shipped dry. Thus, the food manufacturer or consumer may simply produce the food product in accordance with the indicia 20 associated therewith. This embodiment also enables the production of a more consistent food product in that a lot or shipment of one ingredient may have specifications that vary from time to time. Thus, the blend may be produced to accommodate for such variations that may exist with the specifications of 25 different lots of the ingredient. For instance, various flours or protein isolates may have varying protein contents, wherein this variation may be accounted for by adding another protein concentrate or adjusting the amount of the ingredient added to the blend. -21 - WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 11. In yet an additional embodiment, a wafer was produced with the following ingredients: Ingredient Weight Percentage Water 59.8% Flour (13% protein) 18.8% Kansas Diamond Brand whole wheat flour, available from 12.7% ADM Milling of Overland Park, Kansas PROFAM 825 brand soy protein isolate available from 4.8% Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL Baking soda 0.2% Egg white powder 1.9% Novalipid brand 106-150 interesterified soybean available 1.0% from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL PROLITE 100 brand wheat protein isolate available from 1.0% Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL Total 100.00% 5 The ingredients were mixed or blended to form a batter. The batter was subjected to a pressure molding system, heated, and cooked to form wafers. The produced wafers have the following nutritional profile, per 100 grams of the wafers, there were: 380 calories, of which 50 calories are from 10 fat; 6 grams of total fat; 1 gram of saturated fat; 0 grams of trans fat; 0 milligrams of cholesterol; 57 grams of total carbohydrate; 4 grams of dietary fiber; 1 gram of sugars; and 22 grams of protein. -22 - WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 12. In yet another embodiment, a filling composition was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredients % in Formula Peanut butter (roasted peanuts and 32.96 salt) PROFAM 825 brand soy protein 23.12 isolate available from Archer-Daniels Midland Company, Decatur, IL Sugar 11'.13 NovaLipid brand 106-150 shortening, 11.35 interesterified soybean oil, available from Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL Canola oil 7.68 Lecithin 1.27 Peanut oil flavor 0.49 Total 100 5 The ingredients were mixed together to form a creme type material or filling composition. The cr~me may be used as a filling composition for incorporation into a food stuff, placed between two wafers or used as a coating for a foodstuff. The creme may also contain a colorant to give the crme a desired color and optionally an added flavoring agent. - 23 - WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 13. In yet a further embodiment, a coating was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredients % in Formula FIBERSOL-2 brand digestion resistant 34.81 maltodextrin available from Archer Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL Chocolate liquor 43.34 Cocoa butter 13.07 Natural cocoa powder 7.16 Sugar 1.00 Soy lecithin 0.55 Sucralose 0.059 Vanilla 0.01 Total 100 5 The dry ingredients (i.e., the FIBERSOL-2 brand digestion resistant maltodextrin, cocoa powder, sugar and sucralose) were mixed together to form a dry mix. A portion of the cocoa butter was added to the dry mix and refined. The remaining ingredients were added and mixed well under heating to formed a liquid coating. In another embodiment, the sugar could be completely 10 removed to form a sugar-free coating composition. Example 14. In yet another embodiment, wafers produced from Example 11, the filling composition of Example 12, and the coating composition of Example 15 13 were used to form a food stuff. The food stuff was made by placing the filling composition on a wafer and/or between two wafers, thus, forming a core comprising the wafer and the filling composition. The core was coated or enrobed with the coating composition. The food stuff included about 24.1% wafer, about 43.9% of the filling composition, and about 32% of the coating 20 composition. -24- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 The food stuff was configured as a bar such that a serving size was two bars having a mass of about 26 grams. One serving size of the bar was calculated to have the following nutritional profile: about 130 calories, of which 70 calories were from fat; 8 grams of total fat; 2.5 grams of saturated fat; 5 0 grams of trans fat; 0 milligrams of cholesterol; 40 milligrams of sodium; 11 grams of total carbohydrate; 5 grams of dietary fiber; 2 grams of sugar; and 5 grams of protein. Example 15. 10 In another embodiment, a coating was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredients % in Formula Maltitol 40.00 Chocolate liquor 30.00 Alkalized chocolate liquor 10.00 Cocoa butter 15.00 Natural cocoa powder 2.44 Sugar 2.00 Soy lecithin 0.55 Vanilla 0.01 Total -100 The dry ingredients (i.e., the cocoa powder and sugar) were mixed together to form a dry mix. A portion of the cocoa butter was added to 15 the dry mix and refined. The remaining ingredients were added and mixed well under heating to form a liquid coating. In this example, the sugar may be removed to make the coating "sugar-free." - 25 - WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 16. In a further embodiment, a coating was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredients % in Formula FIBERSOL-2 brand digestion resistant 34.40 maltodextrin available from Archer Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL Chocolate liquor 41.28 Cocoa butter 14.70 Natural cocoa powder 6.85 Sugar 1.96 Soy lecithin 0.74 Acesulfame-K 0.068 Vanilla 0.01 Total -100 5 The dry ingredients (i.e., the FIBERSOL-2 brand digestion resistant maltodextrin, cocoa powder, sugar and acesulfame-K) were mixed together to form a dry mix. A portion of the cocoa butter was added to the dry mix and refined. The remaining ingredients were added and mixed well under heating to formed a liquid coating. In another embodiment, the sugar could be 10 completely removed and the acesulfame-K percentage raised to about 0.177% to form a sugar-free coating composition. -26 -.

WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 Example 17. In yet a further embodiment, a coating was prepared with the following ingredients: Ingredients % in Formula FIBERSOL-2 brand digestion resistant 35.17 maltodextrin available from Archer Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, IL Chocolate liquor 42.20 Cocoa butter 13.00 Natural cocoa powder 7.00 Sugar 2.00 Soy lecithin 0.55 Acesulfame-K . 0.07 Vanilla 0.01 Total 100 5 The dry ingredients (i.e., the FIBERSOL-2 brand digestion resistant maltodextrin, cocoa powder, sugar and sucralose) were mixed together to form a dry mix. A portion of the cocoa butter was added to the dry mix and refined. The remaining ingredients were added and mixed well under heating to formed a liquid coating. In another embodiment, the sugar could be completely 10 removed and the acesulfame-K percentage raised to about 0.177% to form a sugar-free coating composition. Example 18. In another embodiment, at least one of the food ingredients of a 15 food product of the present invention may be admixed with another food ingredient or, optionally all of the food ingredients of the food products, to form a blend of food ingredients that partially or completely make up the food product (i.e., the wafer or the cr~me). This blend of food ingredients may be packaged and shipped or sent to a food manufacturer or other consumer, along with -27- WO 2007/070616 PCT/US2006/047657 indicia associated with the blend of food ingredients directing the food manufacturer or consumer of how to prepare the food product. This embodiment saves the food manufacturer or consumer time in that the blend of food ingredients comes pre-mixed and in a proper ratio such 5 that the food manufacturer or consumer does not need to weight out and measure the individual ingredients. Further, the food manufacturer or consumer does not have to pay to ship a water component of the blend of final food product since the blend may be shipped dry. Thus, the food manufacturer or consumer may simply produce the food product in accordance with the indicia 10 associated therewith. This embodiment also enables the production of a more consistent food product in that a lot or shipment of one ingredient may have specifications that vary from time to time. Thus, the blend may be produced to accommodate for such variations that may exist with the specifications of 15 different lots of the ingredient. For instance, various flours or protein isolates may have varying protein contents, wherein this variation may be accounted for by adding another protein concentrate or adjusting the amount of the ingredient added to the blend. The present invention has been described with reference to 20 certain exemplary embodiments, food ingredients, food compositions and uses thereof. However, it will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art that various substitutions, modifications or combinations of any of the exemplary embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the invention is not limited by the description of the exemplary 25 embodiment, but rather by the appended claims as originally filed. -28-

Claims

1. A wafer comprising: at least 30% of a whole wheat flour on a dry weight basis; and a protein isolate.

2. The wafer of claim 1, further comprising an ingredient selected from the group consisting of an emulsifier, an additional protein, a fruit paste, a food colorants, a vitamin, a mineral, an edible oil or fat, a leavening agent, a sweetener, a starch, a thickening agent, a soluble fiber, an insoluble fiber, a cellulose, a maltodextrin, a corn-syrup solid, a potato starch, a corn starch, a wheat starch, a vegetable product, a fruit product, a nut product, an edible bean powder or fraction, a texture modifier, a gum, a powdered flavors, a spice, a herb, a texturizing agent, corn masa, grain flours, legume, and combinations of any thereof.

3. The wafer of claim 2, wherein the ingredient comprises the additional protein present at an amount of 3-30% on a dry weight basis.

4. The wafer of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the protein isolate is present at an amount of 10-70% on a dry weight basis.

5. The wafer of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the molded food composition is a wafer.

6. The wafer of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the flour is present at 45-70% on a dry weight basis.

7. The wafer of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the wheat-protein isolate is present at 10-50% on a dry weight basis.

8. The wafer of any one of claims 2-7, wherein the emulsifier comprises lecithin.

9. The wafer of any one of claims 3-8, wherein the additional protein is selected from the group consisting of an egg white protein, wheat protein, wheat gluten, buttermilk solids, milk powders, egg protein, canola protein, pea protein, potato 9Q protein, corn protein, sesame protein, sunflower protein, cottonseed protein, copra protein, palm kernel protein, safflower protein, linseed protein, peanut protein, lupin protein, oat protein, soy protein, soy protein concentrates, soy protein isolates, edible bean proteins, wheat protein concentrate, textured wheat protein powder, sweetened composite protein, calcium caseinate, sodium caseinate, textured wheat protein, textured vegetable protein, whey protein concentrate, rice protein concentrate, zein, a denatured protein, an oil seed protein, a hydrolyzed protein, cheese, a textured protein, a fish protein, an amino acid, a peptide, collagen, casein, an animal protein, a single cell protein, flax protein, flax meal, and combinations of any thereof.

10. The wafer of any one of claims 1-8, further comprising a soy protein isolate.

11. A food product comprising the wafer of any one of claims 1-10.

12. The food product of claim 11, further comprising a coating substantially covering the food product.

13. The food product of claim 12 wherein the coating comprises a chocolate compound, a compound coating or a combination thereof.

14. The food product of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the food product is free of trans-fat.

15. The food product of any one of claims 11-14, wherein the food product is free of cholesterol.

16. The food product of any one of claims 11-15, wherein 27.5 grams of the food product comprises less than 15 grams of carbohydrate.

17. The food product of any one of claims 11-16, wherein 27.5 grams of the food product comprises at least 2 grams of dietary fiber.

18. The food product of any one of claims 11-17, wherein 27.5 grams the food product comprises at least 5 grams of protein. 30

19. The wafer of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the protein isolate is wheat protein isolate.

20. A wafer as claimed in claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.

21. The food product as claimed in claim 11, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof. 31