AU2006271429A1 - Interrogation of a light-sensitive sensor - Google Patents
Interrogation of a light-sensitive sensor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2006271429A1 AU2006271429A1 AU2006271429A AU2006271429A AU2006271429A1 AU 2006271429 A1 AU2006271429 A1 AU 2006271429A1 AU 2006271429 A AU2006271429 A AU 2006271429A AU 2006271429 A AU2006271429 A AU 2006271429A AU 2006271429 A1 AU2006271429 A1 AU 2006271429A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- light
- card
- holographic
- hologram
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical group [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009450 smart packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 tile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azobenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007699 photoisomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4788—Diffraction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
- G03H1/041—Optical element in the object space affecting the object beam, not otherwise provided for
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N2021/758—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated using reversible reaction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/18—Particular processing of hologram record carriers, e.g. for obtaining blazed holograms
- G03H1/182—Post-exposure processing, e.g. latensification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
- G03H2001/0016—Covert holograms or holobjects requiring additional knowledge to be perceived, e.g. holobject reconstructed only under IR illumination
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
Description
WO 2007/010244 PCT/GB2006/002673 1 INTERROGATION OF A LIGHT-SENSITIVE SENSOR Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method for changing an optical characteristic of 5 a holographic sensor. Background to the Invention Holographic sensors may be used for the detection of a variety of analytes. W095/26499 discloses a holographic sensor, based on a volume hologram. This sensor comprises an analyte-sensitive matrix having an optical 1o transducing structure disposed throughout its volume. Because of this physical arrangement of the transducer, an optical signal generated by the sensor is very sensitive to volume changes or structural rearrangements taking place in the analyte-sensitive matrix as a result of interaction or reaction with the analyte. W003/087899 describes a method of continuous sensing using a 15 holographic sensor. A fluid comprising the analyte is passed over the sensor, the analyte reacting reversibly with the holographic support medium. Summary of the Invention The present invention is based on the realisation that a holographic sensor can usefully be sensitive to light. The sensor, e.g. a volume hologram in 20 which a medium supporting a hologram is affected by light, undergoes a change that can be observed. This change in an optical characteristic can be irreversible or reversible. According to the invention, a sensing method comprises subjecting a light sensitive holographic sensor to light and observing a change in the image. The 25 "light" may be understood as remote or direct interrogation that induces a variation in a physical or chemical property of a medium in which a holographic element is supported. The invention has particular relevance to security/authentication, e.g. in tamper-proofing. The observed change, i.e. a change in the optical characteristic 30 of the sensor, may be detectable either directly by eye, or using any suitable apparatus, for example a spectrometer. Brief Description of the Drawing Figure 1 is a graph of intensity (counts) against time (mins).
WO 2007/010244 PCT/GB2006/002673 2 Description of the Invention A holographic sensor for use in the invention typically comprises a holographic support medium and, disposed throughout the volume of the medium, a hologram. A method of the invention preferably involves the use of a 5 sensor wherein the support medium is light-sensitive. By subjecting the sensor to interrogation, the (local) physical or chemical property may be changed, causing a change in a property of a component of the sensor, e.g. the support medium or a material within it. This results in a change in an optical characteristic of the element. 10 The sensor may be interrogated by any suitable means. As an example of remote interrogation, a laser of suitable power, when directed at the sensor, may cause the support medium to expand. A sensor of the invention may thus be light-addressable. The property of the support medium that varies may be its charge density, 15 volume, shape, density, viscosity, strength, hardness, charge, hydrophobicity, swellability, integrity, cross-link density or any other physical property. Variation of such a property causes a variation of an optical characteristic, such as polarisability, reflectance, refractance or absorbance of the holographic element. If any change occurs whilst the hologram is being replayed by incident broad 20 band, non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, then an optical property varies and a colour or intensity change, for example, may be observed. The property that varies is preferably the size or volume of the support medium. This may be achieved by incorporating into the support matrix, groups which cause an expansion or contraction of the support medium. The support 25 medium preferably comprises a native or modified matrix with viscoelastic properties. In a preferred embodiment, the support medium comprises a spiropyran group, or a derivative thereof. Spiropyrans, upon exposure to UV light, undergo a reversible conversion to merocyanine. This transformation is accompanied by 30 an increase in charge, and may cause the support medium to expand. The conversion can be reversed by interrogating the sensor with visible light or heat.
WO 2007/010244 PCT/GB2006/002673 3 The holographic sensor may comprise a plurality of holographic elements, each element being sensitive to a different property. The holographic elements may be in the form of an array. The hologram may be, for example, a transmission or reflection hologram. 5 In a reflection hologram, the fringes are parallel to a surface of the support medium; this causes rays to leave by the same surface at which the incident rays enter. The sensitivity of the sensor to external physical interaction may be the consequence of the bulk properties of the sensor or support medium. 10 Alternatively, it may be the consequence of chemical or other modification of the holographic element; this may be particularly appropriate for more sensitive reaction and/or to remote interrogation. By way of illustration, the sensor can be treated so that a component undergoes a chemical reaction in response to light. For example, silver grains 15 used in forming the holographic element can be treated to form photosensitive fringes. As illustrated in the Example, a light-sensitive hologram can be fabricated by subjecting the sensor to interrogation by light, and the properties of the hologram are altered in such a way that a change in an optical characteristic of 20 the holographic element occurs. In the Example, a particular bleach is used, but it will be understood that others are suitable. Modification of the bleaching protocol and/or of the backbone of a polymer used in the median can be used to modulate photosensitivity. Similarly, other influences can be used to modulate sensitivity and thus the response of the sensor. 25 Light-sensitive holographic sensors may also be fabricated using an azobenzene moiety which undergoes a trans to cis photoisomerization under UV interrogation. This changes the free energy of mixing of the medium supporting the holographic image and therefore results in a change in the optical properties of the associated hologram. Yet another approach involves the use of 30 triphenylmethane leuco dyes incorporated into the holograms. Such dyes photo dissociate in the presence of UV light, resulting in a charged species which causes the holographic matrix to swell, altering the holographic image.
WO 2007/010244 PCT/GB2006/002673 4 Particularly for a laser-sensitive sensor, the medium is preferably a polymer comprised of elastomeric monomers. The invention is particularly relevant to security. For example, an authentication tag may comprise a holographic sensor having a built-in 5 "message". When the sensor is interrogated, the sensor displays the "message". The "message" is preferably viewable directly by eye. The sensor may be sensitive to an analyte which is a chemical, biochemical or biological species. The present invention relates to a method of detection of any such analyte in a sample, which comprises contacting the 10 sample with the sensor, and detecting any change of its optical characteristic. The present invention also relates to an article comprising a sensor according to the invention where the article is a device such as a transaction card, banknote, passport, identification card, smart card, driving licence, share certificate, bond, cheque, cheque card, tax banderole, gift voucher, postage is stamp, rail or air ticket, telephone card, lottery card, event ticket, credit or debit card, business card, or an item used in consumer, brand or product protection for the purpose of distinguishing genuine products from counterfeit products or identifying stolen products. The article can also be an item of intelligent packaging which is a system that comprises a container, wrapper or enclosure to 20 monitor, test or indicate product information on quality or environmental conditions that will affect product quality, shelf life or safety. Typical applications include indicators showing time-temperature, freshness, moisture, alcohol, gas, physical damage and the like. The article can be an industrial or handicraft item comprising a decorative 25 element, selected from items of jewellery, items of clothing (including footwear), fabric, furniture, toys, gifts, household items (including crockery and glassware), architecture (including glass, tile, paint, metals, bricks, ceramics, wood, plastics and other internal and external installations), art (including pictures, sculpture, pottery and light installations), stationery (including greetings cards, letterheads 30 and promotional material) and sporting goods. The article can be a product or device for use in agricultural studies, environmental studies, human or veterinary prognostics, theranostics, diagnostics, therapy or chemical analysis which can be a test strip, chip, cartridge, swab, tube, pipette, contact lens, sub-conjunctival WO 2007/010244 PCT/GB2006/002673 5 implant, sub-dermal implant, breathalyser, catheter or a fluid sampling or analysis device. The invention also relates to a transferable holographic film comprising a sensor according to the invention. The film can be present on a hot stamping 5 tape or can be used to enhance the security of an article, by transferring onto the article the sensor from the film. The present invention further relates to a product comprising a sensor of the invention which is capable of generating data and a system which uses such data for data reading, processing, storage, control, transmission, distributing, io reporting and/or modelling. Such systems include mobile telephones, personal digital assistants and other portable electronic devices. The following Example illustrates the invention. Example A light-sensitive holographic sensor was fabricated from a gelatin-based 15 hologram. The resultant hologram was bleached using a Fe(Ill)-based formulation with KBr, to create photosensitive holographic fringes. The light sensitive holographic sensor was then exposed to white light for 1000 min and the intensity of the light diffracted by the hologram was monitored and recorded for the duration of the experiment, as shown in the accompanying drawing. The 20 intensity of the diffracted signal (reflectivity) was observed to decrease by 15% during the first 200 min of exposure to white light. Furthermore, this effect was visible to the naked eye. 25
Claims (16)
1. A sensing method which comprises irradiating a sensor having a medium including a light-sensitive holographic element, and observing a change in the holographic image. 5
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the change in the optical characteristic is reversible.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the change in the optical characteristic is irreversible.
4. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein a component of the io sensor undergoes a chemical reaction in response to light.
5. A method according to claim 4, where the sensor is formed by bleaching a volume hologram, to give photosensitive holographic fringes.
6. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the medium comprises a spiropyran or merocyanine group. 15
7. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the size, shape, density, viscosity, strength, hardness, hydrophobicity, swellability, integrity, polarisability and/or charge distribution of the medium changes on irradiation with light.
8. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the medium 20 comprises a polymer.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the polymer is elastomeric.
10. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the hologram comprises a reflection or transmission hologram.
11. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the hologram is 25 viewable under white light, UV light or infra-red radiation.
12. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the sensor is a transaction card, banknote, passport, identification card, smart card, driving licence, share certificate, bond, cheque, cheque card, tax banderole, gift voucher, postage stamp, rail or air ticket, telephone card, lottery card, event 30 ticket, credit or debit card, business card, or an item used in consumer, brand or product protection for the purpose of distinguishing genuine products from counterfeit products or identifying stolen products. WO 2007/010244 PCT/GB2006/002673 7
13. A method according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the sensor is an item of intelligent packaging as defined herein.
14. A method according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the sensor is an industrial or handicraft item comprising a decorative element, selected from items 5 of jewellery, items of clothing (including footwear), fabric, furniture, toys, gifts, household items (including crockery and glassware), architecture (including glass, tile, paint, metals, brick !, ceramics, wood, plastics and other internal and external installations), art (including pictures, sculpture, pottery and light installations), stationery (including greetings cards, letterheads and promotional 10 material) and sporting goods.
15. A method according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the sensor is a product or device for use in agricultural studies, environmental studies, human or veterinary prognostics, theranostics, diagnostics, therapy or chemical analysis.
16. A method according to claim 15, which is a test strip, chip, cartridge, 15 swab, tube, pipette, contact lens, sub-conjunctival implant, sub-dermal implant, breathalyser, catheter or a fluid sampling or analysis device.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2005/002861 WO2006008531A1 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2005-07-19 | Interrogation of a sensor |
| AUPCT/GB2005/002861 | 2005-07-19 | ||
| GB0600697.7 | 2006-01-13 | ||
| GBGB0600697.7A GB0600697D0 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2006-01-13 | Interrogation of a sensor |
| PCT/GB2006/002673 WO2007010244A1 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2006-07-18 | Interrogation of a light-sensitive sensor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2006271429A1 true AU2006271429A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
Family
ID=36997844
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006271429A Abandoned AU2006271429A1 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2006-07-18 | Interrogation of a light-sensitive sensor |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1907905A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2006271429A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2615958A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007010244A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH674639A5 (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-06-29 | Arysearch Arylan Ag | |
| GB8911271D0 (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1989-07-05 | Hewitt Brian | Holographic devices and uses thereof |
| GB9811655D0 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1998-07-29 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Methods and materials for producing holographic sensors |
-
2006
- 2006-07-18 WO PCT/GB2006/002673 patent/WO2007010244A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-07-18 CA CA002615958A patent/CA2615958A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-18 AU AU2006271429A patent/AU2006271429A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-18 EP EP06765008A patent/EP1907905A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2615958A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
| EP1907905A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
| WO2007010244A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK5 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(e) - patent request and compl. specification not accepted |