AU2005245752A1 - Rock bolting method and rock bolt - Google Patents
Rock bolting method and rock bolt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2005245752A1 AU2005245752A1 AU2005245752A AU2005245752A AU2005245752A1 AU 2005245752 A1 AU2005245752 A1 AU 2005245752A1 AU 2005245752 A AU2005245752 A AU 2005245752A AU 2005245752 A AU2005245752 A AU 2005245752A AU 2005245752 A1 AU2005245752 A1 AU 2005245752A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- rock
- bolt
- length
- tubular
- bolt portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010062575 Muscle contracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006111 contracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0046—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts formed by a plurality of elements arranged longitudinally
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0073—Anchoring-bolts having an inflatable sleeve, e.g. hollow sleeve expanded by a fluid
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Hooks, Suction Cups, And Attachment By Adhesive Means (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
- Flanged Joints, Insulating Joints, And Other Joints (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
A method for providing a rock bolt ( 2 ) for rock bolting, wherein a rock bolt ( 2 ) having a tubular bolt portion ( 4 ) with a closed cross section is inserted and expanded for bearing contact in a bore hole ( 3 ) in a rock structure ( 1 ). The length of the tubular bolt portion ( 4 ) is determined such that maximum frictional force at pulling inside a bore hole ( 3 ) of a rock bolt with a tubular bolt portion with this length is below a predetermined maximum value. The invention also concerns a rock bolt.
Description
WO2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 1 ROCK BOLTING METHOD AND ROCK BOLT FILED OF THE INVENTION This invention concerns a method in rock bolting according to 5 the preamble of claim 1. The invention also concerns a rock bolt according to the preamble of claim 6. DESCRIPTION OF BACK GROUND ART From US-A-4,459,067 (Atlas Copco AB) is previously known a 10 rock bolt having a tubular bolt portion, which has a closed cross section and which is intended to be expanded for bearing against the inside of a bore hole in a rock structure. In the expanded state of the tubular bolt portion, the 15 previously known rock bolt is capable of supporting loads in order to i.a. stabilize a rock face belonging to a rock structure in connection with tunnelling, mining, drifting and the like. 20 AIM AND MOST IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE INVENTION It is an aim of the present invention to further develop a method in rock bolting, wherein rock bolts of the general kind which is described in the above mentioned US-A-4,459,067 are used. 25 It is also an aim of the invention to provide a rock bolt as initially stated which allows secure and versatile use at the same time as it provides good economy. 30 These aims are achieved in a method according to the invention by determining the length of the tubular bolt portion such that the maximum fictional force between parts of the tubular bolt portion that bear against the inner wall of a bore hole, WO2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 2 upon pulling inside this bore hole, is limited so that it is below a predetermined maximum value. Hereby it is achieved that a rock bolt having a tubular bolt 5 portion can be manufactured and dimensioned such that great pulling forces, which a rock bolt typically can be subjected to at powerful but in space limited movements in the rock structure it is intended to stabilize, does not cause breakage of the rock bolt but instead results in controlled sliding of 10 the tubular bolt portion, a limited distance inside the bore hole, whereupon the rock bolt is again capable of resisting essentially the same load as prior to the sliding, so that such movements in the rock structure will be tolerable. 15 The advantages of the invention are besides that rock bolt failure is avoided also that the number of rock bolts per surface unit can be reduced, and that the dimensions of rock bolts that are used can be reduced, since the intended and resulting yielding thus allows rock movements in a controlled 20 manner. Thereby the rock structure does not have to be stabilized in an exaggerated and a more costly manner. It is preferred that the length of the tubular bolt portion is determined as the result of at least one measurement, 25 preformed during pulling of at least one rock bolt having a tubular bolt portion of a predetermined in at least one bore hole in the same or in a corresponding rock structure. Starting out from values resulting from this drawing 30 measurement or these drawing measurements, the rock bolts to be used at the stabilization can thereupon be produced and adequately dimensioned with respect to the length of the WO2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 3 tubular bolt portion, so that the intended sliding at intended loads is achieved. It is preferred that said predetermined value is the yield 5 point load for the tubular bolt portion, which means that the material is optimized to the existing conditions in an advantageous way. The yield point load for the tubular bolt portion of a rock bolt intended here can be determined by a person skilled in the art through in per se previously known 10 load tests. It is preferred that a number of drawing tests, as for example 5 - 10 drawing tests, are performed, in order to obtain more reliable values for dimensioning. Starting out from such a 15 plurality of drawing test results, the distribution in the results is considered in order to determine the marginal to the yield point when the length of a tubular bolt portion which is to be used for each rock bolt, is to determine. 20 At greater distribution, a greater margin to the yield point is typically necessary. In that case it could be suitable to dimension a rock bolt such that, starting from the mean value of the drawing test, maximum calculated frictional force is as an example 60 - 70% of the yield point load. At smaller 25 distribution, which also is to considered as normal distribution, starting from the mean value of the drawing tests, maximal calculated fictional force can be 80 - 90% of the yield point load. It shall be noted that this is exemplary and that it is within the scope of the invention that other 30 values can be considered. It is also preferred that the length of the tubular bolt portion is determined and dimensioned such that said WO2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 4 frictional force exceeds a predetermined minimum value in order to avoid unnecessary sliding movements at less powerful rock movements. 5 The corresponding advantages are achieved through the invention through a rock bolt having corresponding features. Through an inventive rock bolt, great and sudden rock movements and be controlled. After a sliding movement, the capability of the rock bolt to take up load is essentially the 10 same as it was before the sliding movement. A device for performing said method includes means for engagement with a rock bolt having a tubular bolt portion inserted into and expanded inside a bore hole, means for 15 applying a pulling force to said rock bolt, means for detecting sliding of said rock bolt as a result of application of said pulling force and means for detecting and measuring the pulling force that corresponds to the detected sliding. 20 This device allows effective determining of the effective length of a rock bolt which has the ability of yielding through sliding at greater movements in the rock structure. The invention will now be described further with the aid of 25 embodiments and with reference of the annexed drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING On the annexed drawing: 30 Fig. 1 shows a section through a rock structure with a rock bolt according to the invention, WO 2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 5 Fig. 2 shows a device for performing a method according to the invention in connection with a rock bolt, and Fig. 3 shows a sequence in order to illustrate the method in 5 rock bolting according to the invention. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT In Fig. 1, reference number 1 relates to a rock structure, wherein a rock bolt 2 is inserted inside a bore hole, the 10 inner wall of which is referenced 3. The rock bolt 2 includes a tubular expandable bolt portion 4 and a tension rod 5 which adjoins to the tubular bolt portion 4 over an adapter sleeve 6. On Fig. 1 is shown a tension rod in the form of a number of tubular sections 5', in pairs joined with the aid of a joining 15 sleeve 5". This arrangement allows the use of rock bolts having a great total length also in narrow drifts, which otherwise would limit the length of a tension rod in one piece. Inside, most inwardly, in the bore hole 3 the tubular bolt portion 4 is completed with a terminal sleeve 7. 20 At the outside of the bore hole 3 a rock plate 8 is as usually applied, which through preloading of the tension rod 5 exerts an inwardly directed stabilizing pressing force against an outer part of the rock structure 1. 25 In Fig. 1, 9 indicates a crevice in the rock structure in order to somewhat illustrate the inherent instability of the rock structure 1. According to the invention, movements in the rock structure, which tend to displace the rock plate 8 30 axially outwards, that is to the right in Fig. 1, and that subject the rock bolt to a sufficiently high force, result in a sliding of the tubular bolt portion 4 against the inner wall of the bore hole 3. In particular this occurs if the force WO2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 6 exerted on the rock bolt by the moveable portion of the rock structure, exceeds a minimum value. This way a controlled yielding of the rock bolt occurs through 5 the sliding movement, such that the rock bolt thereby is capable of resisting great forces and movements of the structure without failing. In Fig. 2 is shown a device 14 for measuring frictional forces 10 that are present in a certain type of expandable rock bolts in connection with a certain contracture. This device is intended for dimensioning of rock bolts according to the invention and in particular the length of the tubular bolt portion. 15 According to the invention, a process is undertaken in order to determine the effective length of a tubular bolt portion of a rock bolt before the positioning of a number of rock bolts in a rock structure in order to stabilize the rock face, as an example in tunnelling or drifting in mining. 20 The measurement is made such that a test specimen in the form of a rock bolt 10 having a tubular bolt portion of a predetermined length is inserted inside a bore hole 12 in the rock structuring 13 in question. The length of the tubular 25 bolt portion is suitably chosen such that sliding of the rock bolt is safely achieved at a force that is below the yield point of the tubular bolt portion. If the yield point would be reached before sliding is obtained, a new rock bolt with a shorter tubular bolt portion 11 will be selected. 30 The device for measuring 14 includes a tension rod 15 for adjoining to the expandable tubular bolt portion, a supporting portion 16 for applying against the side of the rock WO2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 7 structure, an engagement portion 17 for the engagement with the tension rod 15 and a pulling mechanism 18 which, for example with hydraulic means, applies a pulling force to the rock bolt 9. A control unit 19 senses the applied pulling 5 force and detects when sliding occurs, and at which pulling force this occurs. Starting from the results of the measurement, which can be transformed to fictional force per length unit tubular bolt 10 portion, rock bolts can be dimensioned with adequate length of tubular bolt portion so that a pulling force corresponding to sliding for the chosen rock bolt with a tubular bolt portion of selected length as an example corresponds to about 60 about 90% of said yield point load. Selection of an adequate 15 length can as an example be made practically through lists, diagrams or the like. In Fig. 3 is illustrated a sequence for carrying out the method according to the invention. 20 Position 20 indicates the start of the sequence. Position 21 concerns inserting and expanding a tubular rock bolt having a certain predetermined length in a predrilled bore hole in a rock structure. 25 Position 22 concerns axially pulling of the rock bolt in a direction outwardly. Position 23 concerns detecting of sliding of the rock bolt and the pulling force, at which sliding occurs. Through the interrupted line 26 is indicated that a plurality 30 of drawing tests can be performed. Position 24 concerns calculating of the length of the tubular bolt portion for a rock bolt, either through manual control in tables, diagrams etc. or automatically through a circuit which WO 2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 8 is connected to the control unit. This is performed starting from the drawing test or the drawing tests and associated detections performed in positions 22 - 24. Position 25 concerns termination of the sequence. 5 The invention can be modified within the scope of the claims. Thus, the device for performing the method can be.designed otherwise as long as it includes means for exerting a pulling force, detecting sliding and measuring pulling force at 10 sliding. It is preferred that the yield point is used as reference when dimensioning of rock bolts according to the invention. It is, however, not excluded that also other values that are 15 significant for a rock bolt can be used for dimensioning. As an example the break load of the rock bolt could be used, wherein the tubular portion of the rock bolt could be dimensioned to have a length corresponding to a frictional force which is a certain determined part of the break load. It 20 is also not excluded that dimensioning starts from the fact that the fictional force is to comprise a certain determined part of a significant value of the strength of the rock. The rock bolt according to the invention could be of different 25 embodiments. It is for example not excluded that a rock bolt according to the invention includes more than one tubular bolt portion arranged one after the other.
Claims (10)
1. Method for providing a rock bolt (2) for rock bolting, wherein a rock bolt (2) having a tubular bolt portion (4) with 5 a closed cross section is inserted and expanded for bearing contact in a bore hole (3) in a rock structure (1), characterized in - that the length of the tubular bolt portion (4) is determined such that maximum frictional force at pulling 10 inside a bore hole (3) of a rock bolt with a tubular bolt portion with this length is below a predetermined maximum value.
2. Method according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z ed 15 in - that the length of the tubular bolt portion (4) is determined starting out from a measurement or measurements preformed at pulling of at least one rock bolt (10) with a tubular bolt portion (11) of predetermined length in a bore 20 hole (12) in the same or in a corresponding rock structure.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in - that said predetermined value is the yield point load of the 25 tubular bolt portion.
4. Method according to claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i z ed in - that the length is set such that said maximum calculated 30 frictional force is set to about 60 - about 90% of said yield point load.
5. Method according to any of the previous claims, WO2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 10 characterized in - that said length is determined such that minimal frictional force in a bore hole of the rock bolt (2) with a tubular bolt portion (4) with this length exceeds a predetermined minimum 5 value.
6. Rock bolt (2) including a tubular bolt portion (4) with a closed cross section for insertion and expansion for bearing contact in a bore hole (3), c h a r a c t e r e z e d in 10 - that the length of the tubular bolt portion (4) is dimensioned such that maximal frictional force when pulling inside a bore hole of a rock bolt with a tubular bolt portion with this length, is below a predetermined maximum value. 15
7. Rock bolt according to claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in - that the length of the tubular bolt portion (4) is determined starting out from at least one measurement preformed when pulling of at least one rock bolt having a 20 tubular bolt portion of a determined length in a bore hole in the same or in a corresponding rock structure.
8. Rock bolt according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in 25 - that said predetermined value is the yield point load of the tubular bolt portion.
9. Rock bolt according to claim 8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in 30 - that the length is dimensioned such that the said maximum frictional force comprises about 60 - about 90% of said yield point load. WO 2005/113939 PCT/SE2005/000555 11
10. Rock bolt according to any of the claims 6 - 9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in - that said length is dimensioned such that minimal frictional force inside a bore hole for a rock bolt (2) with a tubular 5 bolt portion (4) of this length exceeds a predetermined minimum value.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0401317A SE527107C2 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2004-05-24 | Procedure for rocking and rocking |
| SE0401317-3 | 2004-05-24 | ||
| PCT/SE2005/000555 WO2005113939A1 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2005-04-18 | Rock bolting method and rock bolt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2005245752A1 true AU2005245752A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
Family
ID=32589777
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2005245752A Abandoned AU2005245752A1 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2005-04-18 | Rock bolting method and rock bolt |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070253783A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1749144B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2008500474A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1957159A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE395501T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2005245752A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0510935A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2564291A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602005006794D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1749144T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2306132T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP20080360T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL178669A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20066000L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL1749144T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1749144E (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2006145897A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE527107C2 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI1749144T1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005113939A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200609069B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE535912C2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-02-12 | Leif Eriksson | Expandable rock bolt and a method of manufacturing a rock bolt |
| ES2643739T3 (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2017-11-24 | Minova International Limited | Deformable rock anchor |
| CN105610093B (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2018-01-30 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of anchor and anchoring process |
| WO2018206630A1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-15 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Friction rock bolt |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3148577A (en) * | 1962-02-27 | 1964-09-15 | Edward W Parsons | Rock bolt anchored by explosive forming |
| US3349567A (en) * | 1964-06-03 | 1967-10-31 | John E Munn | Mine roof support and method of providing same |
| US3665719A (en) * | 1969-05-28 | 1972-05-30 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Apparatus for counterstressing in situ rock for support of underground openings |
| US3837258A (en) * | 1970-02-03 | 1974-09-24 | C Williams | Rock bolts |
| SE427764B (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1983-05-02 | Atlas Copco Ab | MOUNTAIN CULTURAL PROCEDURES REALLY RUCH MOUNTED MOUNTAIN |
-
2004
- 2004-05-24 SE SE0401317A patent/SE527107C2/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-04-18 CN CNA2005800166010A patent/CN1957159A/en active Pending
- 2005-04-18 DE DE602005006794T patent/DE602005006794D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-18 EP EP05732230A patent/EP1749144B1/en active Active
- 2005-04-18 PL PL05732230T patent/PL1749144T3/en unknown
- 2005-04-18 PT PT05732230T patent/PT1749144E/en unknown
- 2005-04-18 DK DK05732230T patent/DK1749144T3/en active
- 2005-04-18 CA CA002564291A patent/CA2564291A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-18 US US11/596,939 patent/US20070253783A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-18 WO PCT/SE2005/000555 patent/WO2005113939A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-04-18 AT AT05732230T patent/ATE395501T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-18 SI SI200530313T patent/SI1749144T1/en unknown
- 2005-04-18 ZA ZA200609069A patent/ZA200609069B/en unknown
- 2005-04-18 RU RU2006145897/03A patent/RU2006145897A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-18 AU AU2005245752A patent/AU2005245752A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-18 JP JP2007514971A patent/JP2008500474A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-18 BR BRPI0510935-3A patent/BRPI0510935A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-18 ES ES05732230T patent/ES2306132T3/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-10-17 IL IL178669A patent/IL178669A0/en unknown
- 2006-12-22 NO NO20066000A patent/NO20066000L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2008
- 2008-07-18 HR HR20080360T patent/HRP20080360T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT1749144E (en) | 2008-06-27 |
| SE0401317L (en) | 2005-11-25 |
| US20070253783A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| DE602005006794D1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
| IL178669A0 (en) | 2007-02-11 |
| EP1749144B1 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
| CA2564291A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
| SE527107C2 (en) | 2005-12-27 |
| DK1749144T3 (en) | 2008-09-15 |
| WO2005113939A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
| JP2008500474A (en) | 2008-01-10 |
| NO20066000L (en) | 2006-12-22 |
| ES2306132T3 (en) | 2008-11-01 |
| CN1957159A (en) | 2007-05-02 |
| ATE395501T1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| BRPI0510935A (en) | 2007-11-20 |
| SI1749144T1 (en) | 2008-10-31 |
| EP1749144A1 (en) | 2007-02-07 |
| HRP20080360T3 (en) | 2008-09-30 |
| ZA200609069B (en) | 2008-07-30 |
| SE0401317D0 (en) | 2004-05-24 |
| PL1749144T3 (en) | 2008-10-31 |
| RU2006145897A (en) | 2008-06-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK4 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(d) - no continuation fee paid for the application |