AU2005100007A4 - Process for conversion of high pressure sea water reverse osmosis concentrate discharge (HPSWRO) from sea water desalination plants into Magnesium Chloride (for recovery of Magnesium metal by electrolysis) and sodium Chloride and Hydrogen with cogeneration of Electricity and heat by PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell - Google Patents

Process for conversion of high pressure sea water reverse osmosis concentrate discharge (HPSWRO) from sea water desalination plants into Magnesium Chloride (for recovery of Magnesium metal by electrolysis) and sodium Chloride and Hydrogen with cogeneration of Electricity and heat by PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell Download PDF

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AU2005100007A4
AU2005100007A4 AU2005100007A AU2005100007A AU2005100007A4 AU 2005100007 A4 AU2005100007 A4 AU 2005100007A4 AU 2005100007 A AU2005100007 A AU 2005100007A AU 2005100007 A AU2005100007 A AU 2005100007A AU 2005100007 A4 AU2005100007 A4 AU 2005100007A4
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sea water
electrolysis
recovery
hydrogen
pem
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AU2005100007A
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Ahilan Raman
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PACKAGED FOOD INTERNATIONAL Pty Ltd
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Packaged Food Int Pty Ltd
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Priority to PCT/AU2005/001232 priority patent/WO2006072122A2/en
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Assigned to Pereira, Silvester reassignment Pereira, Silvester Request for Assignment Assignors: PACKAGED FOOD INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD
Assigned to PACKAGED FOOD INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD reassignment PACKAGED FOOD INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD Request to Amend Deed and Register Assignors: Silvester Pereira
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
    • C01F5/26—Magnesium halides
    • C01F5/30—Chlorides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/04—Chlorides
    • C01D3/06—Preparation by working up brines; seawater or spent lyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Description

AUSTRALIA
Patent Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION INNOVATION PATENT The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to me "This invention describes a novel Process for conversion of high pressure sea water reverse osmosis concentrate discharge (HPSWRO) from sea water desalination plants into Magnesium Chloride (for recovery of Magnesium metal by electrolysis) and sodium Chloride and Hydrogen with cogeneration of Electricity and heat by PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell" 0 0 ci
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TITLE OF THE INVENTION Process for conversion of high pressure sea water reverse osmosis concentrate discharge (HPSWRO) from sea water desalination plants into Magnesium Chloride (for recovery of Magnesium metal by electrolysis) and sodium Chloride and Hydrogen with cogeneration of Electricity and heat by PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell" Description of the invention background Desalination of seawater by reverse osmosis (RO) is an accepted commercial practice for the production of potable water. The salinity of seawater with TDS 35,000 ppm is reduced to less than 500 ppm in the above desalination process.
RO is a pressure driven membrane process. The osmotic pressure of seawater is as high as 25kg/sq.cm.When seawater is passed through the membrane at a higher pressure than its osmotic pressure in a RO system, the seawater is separated into fresh water (Permeate) and saline water (concentrate). Higher the TDS, higher will be the osmotic pressure. Highpressure pumps consume lot of energy, constituting a major cost in the production of fresh water.
In the conventional seawater desalination process (SW*RO) the fresh water recovery is usually 33% of the feed water leaving behind 66% concentrate.
The concentrate will have an approx TDS of 58,000 ppm (almost 1.7 times the salinity of sea water). This has caused enormous pollution in the marine life, All the desalination plants around the world discharge this concentrate directly into the sea without any treatment causing ecological imbalance.
0 0 ciq 0 0 0 0 0 0 Description of the invention background Desalination of seawater by reverse osmosis (RO) is an accepted commercial practice for the production of potable water. The salinity of seawater with TDS 35,000 ppm is reduced to less than 500 ppm in the above desalination process.
RO is a pressure driven membrane process. The osmotic pressure of seawater is as high as 25kg/sq.cm.When seawater is passed through the membrane at a higher pressure than its osmotic pressure in a RO system, the seawater is separated into fresh water (Permeate) and saline water (concentrate). Higher the TOS, higher will be the osmotic pressure. Highpressure pumps consume lot of energy, constituting a major cost in the production of fresh water.
In the conventional seawater desalination process (SWRO) the fresh water recovery is usually 33% of the feed water leaving behind 66% concentrate.
The concentrate will have an approx TDS of 58,000 ppm (almost 1.7 times the salinity of sea water). This has caused enormous pollution in the marine life. All the desalination plants around the world discharge this concentrate directly into the sea without any treatment causing ecological imbalance.
Recent developments on HPSWRO (High pressure sea water reverse osmosis process) are based on higher recovery of fresh water using highpressure pumps and advanced membranes. For example Toray of Japan, one 0 of the leading producers of RO membrane has developed a new type of membrane to withstand high pressure and corrosion/fouling. They have installed a commercial plant (BCS brine conversion system) for recovery of fresh water from seawater using two-stage desalination technique. The o seawater is pumped into 1st stage RO system at a pressure of recovering 40% of the feed. The balance 60% concentrate is again pumped ointo 2 nd stage RO system at a pressure of 9Mpa recovering another fresh water leaving a The salinity of the concentrate from the 2 nd stage is about TDS 88,000 ppm.
Further recovery of water above 65% is under study using a pressure up to resulting in the concentrate discharge TDS up to 150,000 ppm.
However many problems such as precipitation of calcium salts, sharp increase of osmotic pressure, scaling and fouling of membranes are encountered.
Currently this concentrate (TDS88, 000 ppm) effluent from commercial SWRO plant is also discharged back into the sea causing enormous pollution to the marine life.
Increasing population, failing monsoon rains, Greenhouse effects due to CO2 emissions, increasing usage of water by industries etc is causing severe shortage of fresh water all over the world.
In order to overcome the problems associated with the above developments a new method /process has been developed. The conventional SWRO process focuses on recovery of fresh water to the maximum level at reasonable energy cost but do not address the pollution problem caused by discharge of highly saline concentrate into the sea.
0 0 This new invention focuses on recovery of valuable chemicals from HPSWRO (High pressure sea water reverse osmosis) concentrate discharge with cogeneration of power and heat with zero liquid discharge and zero gas emisson.
0 oMany processes have been proposed and studied on pilot scale to utilize Sdesalination effluent. However there are deficiencies and shortfalls in commercialising such proposals as outlined below.
0 c- 1 .In one process, the utilisation of effluent from seawater desalination plant has been proposed for recovery of various chemicals with cogeneration of electricity using 'solar pond' and use of evaporation ponds for production of fish, brine shrimp and beta-carotene. However these proposals require large area of land (cheap, flat land with low permeability and high thermal and structural stability). It requires all year solar exposure with least rainfall and low wind velocity. It should be located away from shallow aquifiers.
Modem seawater desalination plants (SWRO) have very high capacities ranging from 1000m3/hr up to 5000m3/hr producing a large volume of effluents. It is not technically feasible or commercially viable to treat such large volume of effluent using 'solar pond'.
Generation of electricity using solar gradient and using it for evaporation and crystallisation of salt has been tested in US and subsequently abandoned in the past for economic reasons.
2.Another proposal is to use Electrodialysis (ED) for recovery of fresh water or recovery of salt from seawater. Salt production is carried out in Japan by Electrodialysis of seawater with subsequent evaporation and crystallisation.
However these processes let out large quantity of brackish water back into the sea without recovery of any chemicals. It is also uneconomical to recover chemicals from such brackish water.
0 3.Desalination with cogeneration is an accepted practice in seawater desalination plants to conserve energy. Desalination using RO is an energy 'E intensive process and hybrid desalination using RO and MSF (Multiflash 0 distillation) are common in gulf countries where the fuel cost is relatively cheaper. Most of the desalination facilities are located in Petroleum o refineries/Power plants etc where cogeneration is feasible and economically oviable. However they do not recover /treat the effluent but discharge them o directly into the sea.
o4.Another process proposed recently is a hybrid desalination process 0 involving Nanofiltration (NF)-RO-MSF-Salt crystallization. NF membrane with'permselectivity' which has high rejection for divalent ions such as Mg++ and SO4 is used to selectively remove such ions. This pretreatment considerably reduces the hardness of sea water facilitating recovery of fresh water by subsequent RO and MSF .The recovery of fresh water is reported to be 75%-80%. The salt is crystallized and recovered.
Recent developments in 'brine purification' process prior to 'vacuum evaporation' for food grade salts have been proposed using NF permselectivity. However these processes focus on production of fresh water and salt only.
This present invention is very much different from the above processes and focuses on the commercial utility of this HP SWRO (High pressure sea water reverse osmosis) concentrate discharge. This new invention overcomes not only the above pollution problem associated with the above developments but converts the waste discharge into valuable chemicals. This invention offers an integrated solution for 1. Recovering maximum quantity of fresh water 2. Converting the RO concentrate into commercially valuable chemicals 3. Generating electricity and heat to conserve energy requirement of the above process and 4.Completely eliminating the CO2 emission with zero liquid discharge into the sea.
the cost of production of fresh water 6.Facilitating large production of fresh water, salt, valuable chemicals and Energy (heat and power cogeneration) simultaneously.
ct Description of the invention o 1. The HP SWRO (high pressure sea water reverse osmosis) concentrate o discharge with TDS (Total dissolved solids) 88,000 ppm (approx) is o subject to various chemical conversions known in the prior art to separate Calcium and sulphate ions. Magnesium hydroxide is O precipitated by addition of slaked lime/Dolomite with HP SWRO 0 concentrate. The slurry is thickened, concentrated and treated wit HC1 The resulting MgCl2 is purified, concentrated, and dehydrated to get anihydrous magnesium chloride suitable for Magnesium metal recovery by electrolysis (For example Norsk Hydro process).
2. After removal of Calcium and Magnesium salts, the HP SWRO brine can be concentrated using mechanical vapour recompression or multiple effect evaporators to recover balance water. This water is of high purity with TDS less than l~ppm.The evaporation and crystallisation can be done simultaneously thereby facilitating the removal of salt (Na Cl) by subsequent centrifuiging and drying in fluidised bed drier. Industrial /Food grade salt can be produced depending upon the end use.
3. Alternatively the saturated NaCl brine from the evaporator (which is free from Ca,Mg and S04 ions) can be directly fed to an Electrolyser for recovery of caustic soda lye, Chlorine and Hydrogen. The depleted brine can be fed back to evaporator for fur-ther concentration. The production of caustic soda from NaCl brine is well documented in prior arts.
4. The Chlorine and Hydrogen from the Electrolyser can be combined to form HCL, which is also known and well documented in prior arts.
The resulting HCL is used for conversion of Magnesium hydroxide 0 precipitated from HIP SWRO concentrate to Magnesium Chloride brine as mentioned earlier.
The pure water with TDS less than 10 ppm from the evaporator is suitable for electrolysing into Hydrogen and Oxygen that can be fed o into PEM (Proton exchange membrane) Fuel Cell to generate 0 Electricity and heat. Alternatively this water can be blended with other source of water for drinking purpose.
6. Similarly the Hydrogen produced from Caustic cell can be purified and used as a fuel for PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel Cell for generation of Electric power that can be directly used in Electrolysis.
Alternatively any fuel source (such as fuel oil, natural gas, biogas, methane, syngas by coal gasification etc) can be converted into Hydrogen by known techniques claimed in prior arts that can be used as a fuel for PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell for generation of Electricity for Electrolysis and RO plant.
7. This invention is a single step process to recover potable water, pure water, salt, Magnesium Chloride (suitable for Mg metal extraction by electrolysis), Caustic soda, Hydrogen, and Chlorine and to produce combined Heat and power directly from seawater with zero liquid discharge and zero emission.
8. This invention paves way for recovery of Magnesium metal using electrolysis from Magnesium Chloride brine obtained as mentioned earlier. Magnesium metal is an important metal that will be used in future car making to reduce greenhouse emissions.
0 0 9. This invention paves way for cogeneration of heat and power from Hydrogen generated from the above pure water using Fuel Cell thus o eliminating greenhouse emissions with zero liquid discharge into the sea in a single step.
1 O.This invention paves way for new or existing Sea Water desalination plants around the world that can avoid discharge of concentrate back Sinto the sea by incorporating HPSWRO system and utilizing the concentrate discharge as stated earlier.
0 0 11 .This invention paves way for large-scale mass production of industrial/food grade salt directly from seawater by mechanical evaporation, which is otherwise not feasible by conventional solar evaporation or by solar ponds.
12.This invention also paves way for solving salinity problems in the arid and coastal sea lands where solar evaporation is in practice.
13.Finally this invention paves way for mass production of salt and other Marine chemicals in a smaller area of land with less manpower reducing the cost of production offering consistent quality.
14.This process paves ways and means for recovery of other chemicals such as Potassium salts, Bromine and other marine chemicals from HPSWRO concentrate discharge using prior known arts.

Claims (1)

  1. 2.A method process for production of Sodium Chloride brine (Saturated) directly from HP SWRO concentrate resulting from BCS suitable for caustic soda production by electrolysis. 3 A process for recovery of pure water as a by-product by evaporation of HPSWRO concentrate resulting from BCS system by mechanical vapour recompression/multiple evaporation system suitable for Hydrogen production by electrolysis to use as a Fuel in PEM (Proton exchange membrane) Fuel Cell to generate Electricity and Heat (Cogeneration) 4 A process for usage of Hydrogen resulting from electrolysis of sodium chloride brine and pure water from HlP SWRO concentrate distillation for generation of Electricity and Heat using PEM (Proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell with zero liquid discharge and zero gas emission. method process for the production of Magnesium Chloride from Magnesium hydroxide resulting from UP SWRO concentrate from BCS and HCl resulting from caustic soda production using the above sodium chloride brine.
AU2005100007A 2005-01-04 2005-01-04 Process for conversion of high pressure sea water reverse osmosis concentrate discharge (HPSWRO) from sea water desalination plants into Magnesium Chloride (for recovery of Magnesium metal by electrolysis) and sodium Chloride and Hydrogen with cogeneration of Electricity and heat by PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell Ceased AU2005100007A4 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005100007A AU2005100007A4 (en) 2005-01-04 2005-01-04 Process for conversion of high pressure sea water reverse osmosis concentrate discharge (HPSWRO) from sea water desalination plants into Magnesium Chloride (for recovery of Magnesium metal by electrolysis) and sodium Chloride and Hydrogen with cogeneration of Electricity and heat by PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell
PCT/AU2005/001232 WO2006072122A2 (en) 2005-01-04 2005-08-18 Process for conversion of high pressure sea water reverse osmosis concentrate discharge (hpswro) from seawater desalination plants into magnesium chloride (for recovery of magnesium metal by electrolysis) and sodium chloride and hydrogen with cogeneration of electricity and heat by pem (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005100007A AU2005100007A4 (en) 2005-01-04 2005-01-04 Process for conversion of high pressure sea water reverse osmosis concentrate discharge (HPSWRO) from sea water desalination plants into Magnesium Chloride (for recovery of Magnesium metal by electrolysis) and sodium Chloride and Hydrogen with cogeneration of Electricity and heat by PEM (proton exchange membrane) Fuel cell

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112374563A (en) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-19 荆门麦隆珂机器人科技有限公司 Solar seawater desalination complete machine of high-transmittance Fresnel lens robot

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2792454T3 (en) * 2007-06-25 2020-11-11 Houghton Technical Corp Vapor recompression recovery of industrial process fluid components
US8936770B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2015-01-20 Molycorp Minerals, Llc Hydrometallurgical process and method for recovering metals
CN102173526B (en) * 2011-03-08 2014-08-06 天津滨瀚环保科技发展有限公司 Method for using brine generated after seawater desalination as circulating cooling water for cooling tower of power plant
EP3023008A1 (en) * 2014-11-24 2016-05-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Production of disinfection solutions from seawater with electrolysis
CN109292801B (en) * 2018-12-05 2021-03-23 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 Preparation method of food-grade magnesium chloride
CN113087229B (en) * 2021-04-28 2022-06-28 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Carbon sequestration application system and method for concentrated seawater
US11502323B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2022-11-15 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof
US11502322B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2022-11-15 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump
US11855324B1 (en) 2022-11-15 2023-12-26 Rahul S. Nana Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump

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GB640348A (en) * 1939-12-13 1950-07-19 Jean Charles Seailles Improvements in processes for producing magnesium hydroxide from magnesium salts in aqueous solutions
US3350292A (en) * 1964-05-14 1967-10-31 American Cyanamid Co Utilization of saline water
US3676067A (en) * 1969-06-19 1972-07-11 Hisanobu Tabata Production of fresh water,brine and magnesium hydroxide
US4036749A (en) * 1975-04-30 1977-07-19 Anderson Donald R Purification of saline water
EP2070583B1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2012-07-04 University Of South Carolina Production of purified water and high value chemicals from salt water
US7198722B2 (en) * 2003-11-11 2007-04-03 Mohammed Azam Hussain Process for pre-treating and desalinating sea water

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112374563A (en) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-19 荆门麦隆珂机器人科技有限公司 Solar seawater desalination complete machine of high-transmittance Fresnel lens robot
CN112374563B (en) * 2020-11-03 2023-09-05 荆门麦隆珂机器人科技有限公司 High-light-transmittance Fresnel lens robot solar sea water desalination complete machine

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HB Alteration of name in register

Owner name: PACKAGED FOOD INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD

Free format text: FORMER NAME(S): SILVESTER PEREIRA