AU2004244817B2

AU2004244817B2 - Automatic washing machine detergent dispensing device

Info

Publication number: AU2004244817B2
Application number: AU2004244817A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Judith Preuschen; Ralf Wiedemann
Original assignee: Reckitt Benckiser NV
Current assignee: Reckitt Benckiser NV
Priority date: 2003-06-10
Filing date: 2004-06-09
Publication date: 2010-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2024-06-09
Also published as: GB0313296D0; GB2402604A; EP1638440B1; US20060123852A1; ES2368067T3; EP1638440A1; ZA200510079B; ATE519414T1; GB2402604B; CA2526502A1; WO2004107950A1; CA2526502C; AU2004244817A1

Abstract

A portable automatic dishwasher detergent dispensing device comprises a body enclosing a detergent. The amount of detergent is sufficient for a plurality of wash cycles. The body has an inlet aperture to allow wash liquor to contact the detergent and an outlet aperture to allow the detergent loaded wash liquor to exit the body. The device has means to close the one or both of the apertures at or before the start of the dishwasher rinse cycle.

Description

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 Automatic Washing Machine Detergent Dispensing Device The present invention is related to an automatic washing machine detergent dispensing device, particularly for re ceiving and holding a detergent composition and / or addi tive and for dispensing said detergent / additive into an automatic washing machine over a plurality of washing cy cles. In automatic dishwashing machines, the detergent, whether in powder, tablet or gel form, is usually filled manually by the user into the machine, in particular into a deter gent holder, before each dishwashing operation. This filling process is inconvenient, with the problem of exact metering of the detergent and possible spillage thereof, for powder and gel detergents. Even with deter gents in tablet form, wherein the problem of accurate dos ing is overcome, there is still the necessity of handling the dishwashing detergent every time a dishwashing cycle is started. This is inconvenient because of the usually cor rosive nature of dishwasher detergent compositions. A number of devices are known for holding unit doses of a detergent composition or additive, such as detergent tab lets, and for dispensing of such unit doses into a machine. For example, WO-A-88/06199 discloses a loader for holding and dispensing a washing additive including a receptacle in which there is a plurality of compartments each for receiv ing washing additive tablets. The compartments are at WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 2 least partially defined by partitions forming part of a body, which is movable to bring each tablet adjacent to an opening provided in the receptacle. The tablets then pass through the opening to be dispensed, preferably under force of gravity. DE 43 44 205 Al describes a device for dispensing detergent tablets. The dosing device is mounted on the door of a dishwashing machine and loaded with a number of detergent tablets. The dosing device has an ejector for dispensing a single tablet each time the dishwashing machine is used. In a preferred embodiment, the dosing device has a recep tion shaft for receiving the detergent tablets one after the other, with the ejector being located at the bottom end of the shaft. WO 01/07703 discloses a device for the metered release of a detergent composition or additive into a dishwashing ma chine having a number of separate closed chambers for hold ing the detergent composition or additive and means for opening the chambers, activated by conditions within the machine. However, each of these devices suffers from several disad vantages. Although the devices solve some of the problems outlined above, the devices have to be complex in order to ensure that the correct detergent / tablet dose. is discharged into the dishwasher cycle at the correct time. This level of complexity is exacerbated by the variation in dishwasher cycle length and temperature present in the many differing 3 automatic dishwasher devices present in the market place. The level of complexity required increases the cost of the devices and reduces the level of benefit provided to the consumer. Furthermore, space inside an automatic dishwasher is typically at a premium. 5 Normally the external dimensions of the device are limited by what a consumer will tolerate in the kitchen/utility room. At the same time the consumer has high demands in terms of the amount of houseware which can be washed in a dishwasher cycle. Thus space inside the machine is directed towards maximum accommodation of houseware. This means that there is only a very limited amount of space available for a device 10 within the dishwasher. This is not a problem for a small device such as a dishwasher tablet (which dissolves during the wash anyway) or a small/slender device such as a fragrance emanator but is a problem for the devices described above. This problem is compounded as the high level of complexity increases the size of the device. There is still a need to have a simple device which can release the required 15 amount detergent to achieve good cleaning but which is simple and therefore neither costly nor bulky. Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of 20 these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a portable automatic dishwasher detergent dispensing device comprising a body enclosing a 25 detergent or detergent additive, sufficient for a plurality of wash cycles, the body having an inlet aperture to allow wash liquor to contact the detergent and an outlet aperture to allow the detergent loaded wash liquor to exit the body and means to close one or both of the apertures at or before the start of the dishwasher rinse cycle, wherein the closing means comprises a plurality of thermal bimetals. 30 Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps. Embodiments of a device according to the invention offer great ease for the 35 consumer, as they provide a multi-dose detergent apparatus which the consumer can c:\nrportbl\syddocs\jph\1 006424_1.doc 4 place in an automatic dishwasher machine and operate the machine, without further detergent addition, for a plurality of wash cycles. Embodiments of the presently disclosed device are able to provide effective dosing of detergent over a plurality of wash cycles. More particularly, embodiments of 5 the device are able to release an appropriate amount of detergent in each dishwasher cycle so that effective washing can be performed without there being any detrimental effect on the rinsing operation of the automatic dishwasher. Generally, the aperture closing means comprises a component which reacts to a change in the conditions of the dishwasher for the duration of the dishwasher washing 10 cycle. One of the most significant condition changes during a dishwasher wash cycle is the temperature inside the machine, with a cycle typically including a number of dis tinct temperature zones. Thus, in embodiments, the component reacts to a change in temperature / is temperature sensitive. 15 In embodiments, the temperature sensitive component is a thermal activator. In this context a thermal activator is recognised as a member which is able to convert thermal energy, associated with changing temperature, into mechanical energy. In embodiments, the thermal actuator alters its form with a change in temperature. Embodiments of thermal activators include thermal bimetals, wax activators and 20 shape memory alloys. Thermal bimetals typically comprise a structure formed from two different metals / alloys arranged in a layered formation. The combination of different metals / alloys causes the temperature dependent configuration: as most different metals have different temperature expansion properties the thermal bimetal commonly becomes 25 distorted with changing temperature. c:\nrportbl\syddocs\jph\1 006424_1.doc 5 Thermal bimetals find use in devices where a temperature dependent operation is required, such as in a car direction indicator, where the flow of current through the strip causes the strip to heat up and change from a low temperature configuration to a high temperature configuration and in doing so breaks the circuit to the indicator bulb. 5 Cooling of the strip allows the strip to resume its low temperature configuration and re instate the circuit. The repeated cooling / heating gives the required on-off indicator action. c:\nrportbl\syddocs\jph\1 006424_1.doc WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 6 In the present invention the thermal activator is prefera bly used to move a plug between a position in which at least one of the inlet and / or outlet apertures is closed (i.e. the plug is within / adjacent to the aperture) to a position in which at least one of the inlet and / or outlet apertures is open (i.e. the plug is distanced from the ap erture). Most preferably a thermal bimetal is used to con trol the operation of a plug in conjunction with the outlet aperture. It is recognised that thermal bimetals are divided into conventional thermal bimetals and thermal bimetal snap ele ments. In the present invention the thermal actuator may comprise a conventional thermal bimetal and / or a thermal bimetal snap element. Thermal bimetal snap elements have multiple "snap" tempera tures, with the snap temperature referring to the tempera ture at which the thermal bimetal undergoes a significant change in configuration. There is a higher snap tempera ture (at which the thermal bimetal snap element distorts from its original configuration into a second configura tion) and a lower snap temperature (at which the thermal bimetal snap element distorts back to its original configu ration). The upper and lower snap temperatures are not equal to one another but are separated. This has the effect that there is a temperature zone at which the thermal bimetal snap element may be at its high temperature configuration even though the temperature of the thermal bimetal snap element WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 7 is lower than that of the higher snap temperature: the thermal bimetal snap element does not revert to its low temperature configuration until the lower snap temperature is reached. This effect is referred to as hysteresis and is described more fully in the journal "Feinwerktechnik, Microtechnik & Messtechnik", 103. Jahrgang 9/95. The effect is also il lustrated more clearly with reference to Figure 1 and to the following example. Figure 1 is a graph showing orientation of the thermal bimetal snap element (here with reference to distortion distance from a pre-set point (y-axis)) versus temperature (x-axis). It can be seen that as the temperature increases the ther mal bimetal snap element distorts in a linear fashion until the higher snap temperature (To) is reached. At this point the distortion of the thermal bimetal snap element jumps to the high temperature configuration. With further increas ing temperature the thermal bimetal snap element again dis torts in a linear fashion. As the temperature of the thermal bimetal snap element is decreased (starting from above the higher snap temperature) the reverse occurs. The thermal bimetal snap element dis torts in a linear fashion until the lower snap temperature (Tu) is reached. At this point the thermal bimetal snap element jumps to the low temperature configuration. With further decreasing temperatures the thermal bimetal snap element again distorts in a linear fashion.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 8 Thus a hysteresis effect is observed between To and Tu. Preferably the thermal bimetal snap element used in the present invention is selected so as to have a lower and a higher snap temperature which is suited to the operation of the device in an automatic dishwashing machine. In a first embodiment, where a single thermal bimetal snap element is used to move the plug, the thermal bimetal snap element preferably has a higher snap temperature of between 35 to 450C, more preferably between 38 to 420C and most preferably about 40'C. The thermal bimetal snap element preferably has a lower snap temperature of about 20 to 30 0 C, more preferably between 23 to 270C and most preferably about 250C. Most preferably the difference between the snap tem peratures is about 15 0 C. This is made more clear with reference to Figure 2 which shows a typical temperature / time profile of an automatic dishwashing machine. Figure 2 is a graph showing the temperature of the inside of a typical dishwasher machine (y-axis) versus time (x axis). Labels which identify portions of the wash cycle (wash cycles and rinse cycles) are also shown. It can be seen that the dishwasher temperature starts from a low starting point of 150C to 25*C. In operation as the main wash cycle is carried out the temperature increases to a maximum plateau of about 50'C to 750C (defined by the cho sen wash program) . There are commonly one or more addi- WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 9 tional intermediate wash cycles at lower temperature, be fore the temperature decreases back down to around 300C to 350C in between the wash and the rinse cycle. As the rinse cycles are carried out the temperature inside the machine increases to a maximum plateau of about 700C before dropping down to around 200C. A thermal bimetal snap element which displays the preferred higher and lower snap temperature described above may be used to close at least one of the inlet and / or outlet ap ertures as the temperature reaches 40'C yet will not re-open the aperture until the temperature drops to 250C. Hence dishwasher liquor may become loaded with detergent until a temperature of 40'C is reached. This allows suffi cient detergent to enter the dishwasher wash liquor to meet the washing requirements during the wash cycles. Above 400C at least one of the inlet and / or outlet aper tures of the device is closed such that no more detergent is loaded into the wash liquor. Even though the tempera ture of the machine drops between the wash cycle and the rinse cycle the temperature does not drop to the lower snap temperature, with the effect that the closed aperture does not re-open until the dishwasher cycle is finished and the machine is allowed to cool back to ambient temperature. Therefore the rinse cycles operate efficiently and perform effectively rinsing of the dishwasher contents without be ing hindered by further detergent addition. The thermal bimetal snap element may be in the form of a strip. In this case generally a first portion of the strip WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 10 is attached to / liases with the device (such as with a portion of the body) and a second potion of the strip is attached to / liases with the plug. Distortion of the strip causes movement of the plug relative to the device / aperture causing the opening / closing of the aperture. The thermal bimetal snap element may be in the form of a 2 dimensional shape (such as a square or circle / disc) Hereby, it is understood that in at least one of the con figurations of the thermal bimetal snap element (i.e. above and / or below the lower / upper snap temperatures) the thermal bimetal snap element may actually comprise a 3 dimensional shape (such as a dome / cone) . Indeed the seemingly 2-dimensional shape may in reality comprise a 3 dimensional form in both high and low temperature configu rations with alteration of temperature causing the 3 dimensional shape to become inverted. In this case the thermal bimetal snap element need not be rigidly attached to a portion of the device but instead re tained therein such that a periphery of the thermal bimetal snap element may interact with the plug and the device, as the thermal bimetal snap element alters its 3-dimensional state, moving the plug relative to the device / aperture. As an example the device may include a plate on which the strip is mounted adjacent to the plug. The mounting means may include a rod extending from the plug which intersects the thermal bimetal snap element by a suitable aperture. Said rod may have a terminal flange to retain the thermal bimetal snap element thereon / interact with the thermal bimetal snap element. Activation of the thermal bimetal WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 11 snap element, by crossing the higher / lower snap tempera ture causes the thermal bimetal snap element to form a 3 dimensional shape / invert the pre-existing 3-dimensional shape. This causes interaction of the thermal bimetal snap element with the plug / flange altering the position of the plug. Optionally the rod comprises a frame mounted thereon be tween the portion of the rod which intersects the thermal bimetal snap element and the plug. In an alternative arrangement the alteration of the shape of the thermal bimetals may in itself control the opening of at least one of the inlet and / or outlet aperture. In this regard the thermal bimetal snap element may be mounted within the device such that it creates a plug around at least one of the inlet and / or outlet aperture at its high temperature configuration. Namely the periph ery of the thermal bimetal snap element may engage the area adjacent to the aperture in the high temperature configura tion, forming a three-dimensional structure thereupon, thus blocking at least one aperture. In contrast to thermal bimetal snap elements conventional thermal bimetals do not display a hysteresis effect. In stead conventional thermal bimetals display a largely lin ear distortion over a specified temperature range. In the present invention the thermal actuator may comprise a conventional thermal bimetal which may be used to move a plug into engagement with at least one of the inlet and / WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 12 or outlet apertures. Alternatively the conventional ther mal bimetal may engage the aperture itself providing a closing effect. Where the conventional thermal bimetal moves a plug into engagement with at least one of the inlet and / or outlet apertures it is preferably arranged within the device so that a portion of the conventional thermal bimetal engages a portion of the body of the device and a portion of the conventional thermal bimetal engages a portion of the plug. The conventional thermal bimetal may comprise a spiral shape. Such a shape is recognised to exaggerate the effect of temperature upon the amount of displacement of the con ventional thermal bimetal. In order to attempt to provide a hysteresis effect using a conventional thermal bimetal the plug may have a plurality of engagement points for the conventional thermal bimetal. Preferably the points are distanced from one another. As an example the plug may comprise a linear incision, the terminii of which are used to engage a portion of a conven tional thermal bimetal. The space between the terminii provides a delay during which movement of the conventional thermal bimetal with changing temperature does not move the plug. In a second embodiment a plurality of thermal actuators may be used to move the plug / control the opening of at least one of the inlet / outlet apertures.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 13 Preferably the plurality of thermal actuators comprise thermal bimetals. In this embodiment the device preferably comprises a pri mary thermal bimetal which interacts with the plug and a secondary thermal bimetal which has an effect on the opera tion of the primary thermal bimetal / opening of at least one of the inlet / outlet apertures. The primary thermal bimetal preferably comprises a conven tional thermal bimetal strip which has an activation tem perature of about 300C. Thus at temperatures of above 30'C the plug may be opened to allow wash liquor to contact the detergent. (see octagon picture, strip is up) The secondary thermal bimetal preferably comprises a ther mal bimetal snap element having a lower and a higher snap temperature as outlined above. The secondary thermal bimetal may be used to block the ac tivity of the primary thermal bimetal. This may be achieved by physical contact between the primary and secon dary thermal bimetals or by physical contact between the plug and the secondary thermal bimetal. Alternatively the secondary thermal bimetal may liase with a secondary plug which is used to block at least one of the inlet / outlet apertures. For the first option the primary thermal bimetal opens at least one of the inlet / outlet apertures at about 300C, thus allowing liquor to enter and flow through the device, releasing detergent into the wash liquor in the machine.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 14 Ordinarily the primary thermal bimetal would close the ap erture as the temperature drops below 30'C near the end of the wash cycle. Additionally with no thermal bimetal pres ent the primary thermal bimetal would re-open the aperture as the temperature of the dishwasher machine climbed again during the rinse cycle, thus causing detrimental release of dishwasher detergent. The presence of the secondary thermal bimetal prevents the re-opening of the aperture during the rinse cycle. This is achieved by the secondary thermal bimetal providing a one way blocking function. Namely the secondary thermal bimetal is arranged in the device such that in its high temperature configuration it forms a block to the movement of the primary thermal bimetal / plug. Most particularly secondary thermal bimetal preferably only acts as a block on the activation of the primary thermal bimetal with in creasing temperature (especially as the temperature in creases for the second time in the dishwasher cycle) but allows the activation associated with decreasing tempera ture to occur. Thus as the temperature in the wash cycle changes during the wash cycle the following events occur: a) As the temperature increases above 30 0 C the primary ther mal bimetal is activated opening the aperture. b) As the temperature increases above 400C the secondary thermal bimetal is activated blocking the movement of the primary thermal bimetal / plug.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 15 c) As the temperature decreases below 300C the primary ther mal bimetal is activated closing the aperture. The closing occurs as the secondary thermal bimetal does not provide a blocking function for closing of the aperture. d) As the temperature increases for the second time above 300C the primary thermal bimetal is activated. However, ac tivation of the primary thermal bimetal is prevented by the presence of the secondary thermal bimetal in the activation pathway of the primary thermal bimetal / plug. e) As the temperature decreases below 250C the secondary thermal bimetal is activated returning to its low tempera ture configuration. Thus the primary thermal bimetal may be activated for the next wash cycle. For the second option the primary thermal bimetal opens at least one of the inlet / outlet apertures at about 300C, thus allowing liquor to enter and flow through the device, releasing detergent into the machine. Ordinarily the primary thermal bimetal would close the ap erture as the temperature drops below 300C near the end of the wash cycle and re-open the aperture during the rinse cycle (as described above). The presence of the secondary thermal bimetal prevents the re-opening of the aperture during the rinse cycle. This is achieved by the secondary thermal bimetal blocking the ap erture with a second plug. Namely the secondary thermal bimetal is arranged in the device such that in its high WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 16 temperature configuration it moves a second plug into en gagement with the aperture. Thus, as the temperature in the wash cycle changes during the wash cycle the following events occur: a) As the temperature increases above 30'C the primary ther mal bimetal is activated opening the aperture. b) As the temperature increases above 40'C the secondary thermal bimetal is activated moving the second plug into engagement with the aperture. c) As the temperature decreases below 30'C the primary thermal bimetal is activated closing the aperture. How ever, the primary plug is only forced into contact with the secondary plug. d) As the temperature increases for the second time above 300C the primary thermal bimetal is activated. However, ac tivation of the primary thermal bimetal only serves to move the primary plug away from contact with the secondary plug. e) As the temperature decreases below 300C for the second time the primary thermal bimetal is activated closing the aperture. However, the primary plug is only forced into contact with the secondary plug. f) As the temperature decreases below 250C the secondary thermal bimetal is activated returning to its low tempera ture configuration. Thus the primary thermal bimetal may WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 17 close the aperture by bringing the primary plug into en gagement therewith. The thermal actuator may comprise a shape memory alloy or a wax actuator. Both of these elements are recognised to un dergo temperature induced deformation and so may be used to control the opening of at least one of the inlet and / or outlet apertures by movement of a plug or by engagement thereof. A further condition which changes significantly during a dishwasher wash cycle is water availability / humidity in side the machine. Thus, optionally the component reacts to a change in the availability of water / humidity inside the dishwasher. Preferably the component swells/expands upon contact with water. Most preferably the component is mounted within the device adjacent to one or both of the inlet and / or outlet apertures. Thus when the component is exposed to water it swells/expands causing the closing of one or both of the inlet and / or outlet apertures at or before the start of the rinse cycle. Preferably the component does not recover its original size until at least the end of the rinse cycle (the recovery may be triggered by the drying cycle). In this way detergent is only released into the machine for a limited time pe riod, meeting the requirements of the wash cycle without hindering the performance of the rinse cycle.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 18 Materials which are suitable in this regard include high molecular weight cross-linked acrylic acid polymers. Optionally the device may comprise a auxiliary chamber dis posed adjacent the main body of the device external to the inlet and / outlet apertures. This finds utility in fur ther enhancing the discharge characteristics of the device. As an example, two manifestations of the device having a auxiliary chamber are described below. In a first manifestation the device is intended to be used where the incoming water temperature / the ambient tempera ture of the locus of the automatic dishwasher is low. Both of these situations may occur in the winter months of coun tries with temperate climates (e.g. Northern Europe, North America) . Here the temperature of the incoming wa ter/ambient temperature can easily be lower than the lower snap temperature of the snap elements described above. Thus there is a significant risk that the lower snap tem perature could be reached between the wash cycles and the rinse cycles with the obvious detrimental effects for the rinse cycle (release of detergent). In this manifestation the auxiliary chamber preferably com prises a thermal activator which associates with an access opening. Generally the thermal activator comprises a ther mal bimetal. Most preferably the thermal bimetal is in the form of a strip. The strip is preferably arranged relative to the auxiliary chamber such that in its first orientation the access opening is closed either by the strip itself or by a plug linked thereto, and in a second orientation the WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 19 access opening is open. Most preferably the thermal bimetal is such that it is arranged in its first orienta tion at temperatures at or below 300C. Most preferably the thermal bimetal is such that it is arranged in its second orientation at temperatures above 300C. In a second manifestation the device is intended to be used in the dispense of a liquid/powder detergent formulation. Here, it will be appreciated that simple opening/closing of the inlet/outlet apertures will not give the correct level of control of discharge of the detergent from the device as the detergent being fluid will simply be able to flow out of one or both of these apertures when opened. In this manifestation the purpose of the auxiliary chamber is to allow a determined dose of detergent to be dispensed into a wash cycle over a plurality of wash cycles. In this manifestation the auxiliary chamber preferably com prises an access opening. Generally the auxiliary chamber has a closure means for the access opening which operates such that the access opening is open as the main body out let is closed and vice-versa. Thus, in the latter arrange ment, filling of the auxiliary chamber with the determined volume of detergent may occur without discharge from the device. In the former arrangement, discharge of the deter gent into the wash liquor may occur without re-filling of the auxiliary chamber. Most preferably a linkage is disposed between the auxiliary closure means and the main body closure means to ensure that the synchronised opening/closing of the auxiliary WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 20 chamber/main body outlet is as described in the above para graph. The access opening of the auxiliary chamber may associate with its own bespoke thermal activator. Alternatively a single activator/activator system may be used, in conjunc tions with the linkage to control the opening of both the auxiliary chamber access opening and the outlet of the main body. The thermal activator(s) preferably comprises a thermal bimetal snap element or a thermal bimetal/ thermal bimetal snap element combination as described above. For clarity, where the auxiliary chamber has its own bespoke thermal ac tivator, this shall be referred to as the auxiliary thermal activator (as opposed to the main body thermal activator). The thermal activator/each of the thermal activators pref erably operates with a lower snap temperature of around 25'C and a higher snap temperature of around 40'C. Thus in use the device functions as follows (described with reference to a device comprising a thermal activator for the outlet of the main body as well as for the access open ing of the auxiliary chamber. It will be appreciated that the description is also applicable to a device having a single thermal activator). a) The main body thermal activator and the auxiliary cham ber thermal activator are in their low temperature forma tion: the outlet from the main body is opened and the ac cess opening of the auxiliary chamber is closed. The aux- WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 21 iliary chamber of the device is filled with liquid/powder detergent. b) The user places the device inside an automatic dish washer. c) As the temperature increases above 40 0 C the main body thermal activator and the auxiliary chamber thermal activa tor change to their high temperature formation: the outlet from the main body is closed and the access opening of the auxiliary chamber is opened. The auxiliary chamber of the device is emptied into the wash liquor/washed out by the wash liquor. d) As the temperature decreases between the wash cycle(s) and the rinse cycle(s) the decrease is not sufficiently low to cause any alteration in the thermal activators of the auxiliary/main body of the device. Both remain in their high temperature formations. e) As the temperature increases for the second time no fur ther change occurs to the thermal activators of the main body/auxiliary chamber. Most preferably the thermal bimetal snap elements (for both the auxiliary chamber and the main body) are in the form of domes/cones as described above. Alternatively where only a single thermal activator is used the thermal activator is for preference in the form of a spring. Preferably the spring operates on the activation knob/button of the link age.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 22 Generally the linkage between the two snap elements is in the form of a rod. Optionally the device comprises a second linkage accessible by a user from the exterior. of the device. Most preferably the primary and secondary linkage are in the form of a sin gle element (preferably a rod) . Actuation of the second linkage is preferably effected in a pushing/pulling motion. Preferably a user activates the linkage (e.g. by depres sion/operation of a suitable knob/button) to cause simulta neous activation of the main body thermal activator (and hence affects the closure extent of the main body outlet) and the auxiliary chamber thermal activator (and hence af fects the closure extent of the auxiliary chamber access opening) . Thus the device may be described as being "semi automatic". Clearly since the device is for dispense of a liquid/powder detergent formulation it is preferred that the device is positioned in the machine such that the detergent can flow under gravity from the main body of the device into the auxiliary chamber. The volume of the auxiliary chamber may be altered to suit the exact detergent being used. However, generally the volume of the auxiliary chamber is around 20-30cm 3 . The liquid/powder detergent may be a "2-in-i" or a "3-in-i" automatic dishwasher detergent. It will be appreciated that the detergent may comprise any of the features of the solid detergent described below, with the only difference WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 23 being the physical form of the detergent. For liquid de tergent formulations it is preferred that the viscosity of the liquid is less than 30,OOOmPas and more preferably around 10,OOOmPas. For powder formulations it is preferred that the average particle size is less than 1mm and more preferably around 0.5mm. The main body inlet aperture may have a collecting funnel associated therewith which collects wash liquor and directs it towards the inlet aperture. Most preferably the col lecting funnel and inlet aperture are arranged so that the only way in which wash liquor can enter the inlet aperture is via the collecting funnel. This may be achieved by hav ing the dispensing portion of the collecting funnel abut ting against the internal periphery of the inlet aperture. Preferably the collecting funnel has a drainage opening in its collecting portion. When present the drainage opening ensures that the level of wash liquor in the collecting portion of the funnel does not exceed a certain pre determined level. If it is assumed that the collecting funnel is filled up to the drainage aperture for the dura tion of the wash and / or rinse cycles then the amount of wash liquor discharge from the collecting funnel into the channel will be largely constant per wash cycle. The device is most preferably formed of a water-resistant material. Most preferably the device comprises a water in soluble material. Preferred materials include glass, ce ramic, metal and plastics materials such as an alkene poly mer, e.g. polypropylene. Plastics materials are most pre- WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 24 ferred due to their resilience and low cost (material and manufacturing costs). Generally the main body of the device comprises a channel which is in communication with the inlet aperture. Pref erably the channel has the detergent disposed therein, wherein (for non-liquid detergent formulations) the deter gent comprises a bar which completely fills at least a por tion of the channel across the entire bore of the channel. In this arrangement it has been found that the device is able to provide a uniform / equal amount of detergent in each dishwasher cycle for an individual dishwasher using the same washing program in consecutive wash cycles. (Uni form discharge of liquid/powder detergent is achieved using the auxiliary chamber as described above). Without wishing to be bound by theory it is postulated that the uniform / predictable release property arises due to the arrangement of the detergent bar within the channel. With such an arrangement a portion of the detergent bar contacts the channel and is thus protected by the channel, i.e. is not exposed to the wash liquor even when both the inlet and outlet apertures are open. A second portion of the detergent bar, which extends across the bore of the channel, is exposed to the wash liquor. The surface area of this second exposed portion is determined by the bore of the channel. In use in a washing machine the detergent is dispensed and thus the portion of the detergent exposed to the wash liq uor "retreats" along the channel. Thus most preferably the WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 25 channel has a uniform bore, in terms of the cross sectional area of the bore, along its length / at least along the portion filled by the detergent bar. This allows the sur face area of the exposed portion of the detergent bar to remain constant as the exposed portion of the bar retreats along the channel. In this way any problems of decreasing / altering surface area, such as would be experienced with a simple 3-dimensional block, the surface area of which de creases as the block is dispersed, are overcome. Generally the channel is a tube. Most preferably the tube is cylindrical, although any cross-sectional shape is pos sible (e.g. regular / irregular polygon such as a triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon). The tube may in clude a smaller tube disposed along a portion of its length. Such a tube may provide additional structural in tegrity for the detergent bar. Where a second tube is pre sent it is preferred that the second tube has a uniform cross section along its length / the length of the deter gent bar, thus the surface area of the detergent bar ex posed to the wash liquor is constant as the detergent bar retreats along the channel. Typically the channel is completely filled along a portion of its length across the entire cross-section thereof by the detergent bar. Thus a portion of the detergent bar is in contact with the interior of the channel and is thus protected by the channel, i.e. not exposed to wash liquor. A second portion of the detergent bar, which extends across the bore of the channel, is exposed to the wash liquor.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 26 Most preferably the exposed portion of the detergent bar comprises a planar surface. Generally the planar surface is perpendicular to the periphery of the channel. Most preferably the channel only has one open end which communicates with the inlet aperture to allow wash liquor to contact the detergent bar. Thus the body may comprise a form similar to a drinking glass. In an alternative arrangement the channel may comprise a tube with both ends open to wash liquor (via an inlet aper ture) with the detergent bar disposed at a central portion of the tube. The detergent bar most preferably comprises an automatic dishwasher detergent. Preferred examples of which include conventional detergents, and the "2-in-i" and "3-in-i" variants. Most preferably the detergent bar comprises a solid so that the rigours of the movement of the washing machine liquor will not cause the entire detergent bar to be dispensed / discharged in the first washing cycle. In the context of the present invention the term solid can be taken to include solidified gels as well as conventional solid materials (such as compressed particulate materials and solidified molten / cross-linked materials). The detergent bar contains sufficient detergent for a plu rality of dishwasher wash cycles. Preferably the detergent bar contains sufficient detergent for between 3 to 20 dish washer wash cycles, more preferably from 5 to 12 dishwasher wash cycles.

27 The detergent formulation typically comprises one or more of the following components; builder, co-builder, surfactant, bleach, bleach activator, bleach catalyst, enzyme, polymer, dye, pigment, fragrance, water and organic solvent. 5 Optionally, the detergent bar comprises a detergent additive. It will be appreciated that a detergent additive, when compared to a detergent, may be required during a different section of the dishwasher wash cycle (e.g. such as the rinse cycle for a rinse aid detergent additive). Thus, there may be provided a portable automatic dishwasher detergent additive dispensing device comprising a body enclosing a detergent additive, 10 sufficient for a plurality of wash cycles, the body having an inlet aperture to allow wash liquor to contact the detergent and an outlet aperture to allow the detergent loaded wash liquor to exit the body and means to open one or both of the apertures at or after the start of the dishwasher rinse cycle. 15 Embodiments allowing the release of a detergent additive over a plurality of wash cycles, where the detergent additive is required for the rinse cycle rather than the main wash cycle, offer ease for the consumer. Such embodiments of the device are able to release an appropriate amount of detergent additive in each dishwasher rinse cycle so that effective rinsing can be performed without there being any detrimental effect on 20 the washing operation of the automatic dishwasher. Preferred detergent additives include rinse aids, anti-spotting compositions (e.g. such as that sold under the trade name of Jet-Dry) and also glass corrosion prevention compositions such as those containing zinc (in the form of a glass, glass granulate, or 25 other soluble form). In the case of zinc, the delay of the release until the rinse cycle can give beneficial washing effects as zinc is recognised to detrimentally effect bleaching in the wash cycle causing poor stain (especially tea stain) removal. 30 It will be understood that the features of the one embodiment of the invention shall apply mutatis mutandis to other embodiments of the invention. Clearly the emphasis / distinction of release in the rinse cycle rather than the wash cycle will be made. 35 The present invention also provides for the use of an automatic washing machine detergent dispensing device in accordance with the first aspect above. c:\nrportbl\syddocs\jph\1 006424_1.doc 28 Most preferably, the device is used where the device can easily be accessed and nicely visible. The front part of the upper rack is preferred. 5 Detailed embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following Figures, in which: c:\nrportbl\syddocs\jph\1 006424_1.doc WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 29 Figures 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) are side cross-sectional views of a first embodiment of a detergent dispensing device in accordance with the present invention; Figures 4(a), 4(b) and 4(c) are side cross-sectional views of a second embodiment of a detergent dispensing device in accordance with the present invention; Figure 5 shows a temperature / time profile of a dishwasher cycle; Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view of a third embodi ment of a detergent dispensing device in accordance with the present invention; Figures 7(a), 7(b), 7(c), 7(d) and 7(e) are side cross sectional views of a fourth embodiment of a detergent dis pensing device in accordance with the present invention; Figure 8 shows a temperature / time profile of a dishwasher cycle and how this effects the embodiment illustrated in Figures 7(a) to 7(e); and Figures 9(a) and 9(b) are side cross-sectional views of a fifth embodiment of a detergent dispensing device in accor dance with the present invention. Figures 10(a) and 10(b) are side cross-sectional views of a sixth embodiment of a detergent dispensing device in accor dance with the present invention.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 30 Figure 3a shows a detergent dispensing device 1. The de vice 1 comprises a detergent bar 2 which is disposed within a body 3. The body 3, as illustrated, is based on a sphere with a plate section 4. The body 3 has a wash liquor inlet 5, which allows the wash liquor to contact the detergent bar 2 and thus become loaded with detergent. The body 3 has a wash liquor outlet 6 which allows the detergent loaded wash liquor to exit from the body 3. The wash liquor inlet 5 and wash liquor outlet 6 are formed in the plate 4 of the body 3. The body 3 has a dispensing control means which controls the opening of the inlet 5 and outlet 6 apertures. This means is mounted on the plate 4. The means comprises two plugs 7a, 7b which liase / engage with the inlet aperture 5 and the outlet aperture 6 respectively. As shown the plugs 7a,7b comprise cylindrical rods, although it will be appre ciated that one or both plugs 7a,7b may have alternate forms to co-operate with their respective aperture 5,6. The plate 4 has a central aperture 8. The central aperture 8 is equally distanced between the inlet aperture 5 and the outlet aperture 6. The dispensing control means further comprises a rod 9, which can move upwards and downwards in the central aper ture 8 relative to the plate 4. The rod 9 has an upper terminal flange 10 and a lower terminal flange 11.

WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 31 The upper terminal flange 10 is circular and has a diameter which is slightly larger than the central aperture 8 to prevent the rod 9 from dropping there through. The lower terminal flange 11 is also circular and has a ra dius such that the flange 11 extends as far as the outlet aperture 6 and the inlet aperture 5. The lower terminal flange 11 provides support for the plugs 7a,7b. Disposed around the rod 9 between the plate 4 and the upper flange 10 is a circular thermal bimetal snap element 12. The thermal bimetal snap element 12, in reaction to chang ing temperature, controls the position of the dispensing controls means. This is explained below and is more clearly illustrated with additional reference to Figures 3b and 3c. Figure 3a illustrates the dispensing control means at a temperature below the upper snap temperature (40"C) of the thermal bimetal snap element 12. Below this temperature the thermal bimetal snap element 12 comprises a truncated dome orientated such that the tip of the dome abuts against the plate 4 and the periphery of the dome extends away from the plate 4. Thus the upper flange 10 is proximal to the plate 4; this means that the inlet aperture 5 and outlet aperture 6 are both open. Figure 3b illustrates the dispensing control means at a temperature above the upper snap temperature (40 0 C) of the thermal bimetal snap element 12. Above this temperature the thermal bimetal snap element 12 comprises a truncated dome orientated such that the tip of the dome abuts against WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 32 the upper flange 10 and the periphery of the dome abuts against the plate 4. In this orientation the upper flange 10 is distanced from the plate 4, additionally the lower flange 11 and plugs 7a,7b are brought towards the plate 4 with the effect that the plugs 7a, 7b engage the inlet ap erture 5 and the outlet aperture 6 respectively. Thus the inlet 5 and outlet 6 apertures are closed. Figure 3c illustrates the dispensing control means at a temperature below the lower snap temperature (250C) of the thermal bimetal snap element 12 (this orientation is the same as that shown in Figure 3a). To bring the operation of the thermal bimetal snap element 12 and its snap temperatures in to context reference is made to Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the typical tempera ture/time profile of a dishwasher cycle. Figure 5 also includes marking for the lower 13 (250C) and upper snap point 14 (400C) of the thermal bimetal snap ele ment 12. Thus it can be seen that the dishwasher liquor may become loaded with detergent until a temperature of 400C is reached, this allows sufficient detergent to enter the dishwasher wash liquor to meet the washing requirements during the wash cycles. Above 400C at least one of the in let 5 and / or outlet 6 apertures of the device 1 is closed such that no more detergent is loaded into the wash liquor. This allows the rinse cycles to operate effectively and perform effectively rinsing of the dishwasher contents as although the temperature of the machine drops in between the wash and the rinse cycle it does not drop to the lower WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 33 snap temperature, thus the closed aperture does not re-open until the rinse cycle is finished. Figures 4(a) to 4(c) show an alternative embodiment of the device of Figures 3(a) to 3(c). In these Figures the prin ciple of operation of the device is identical. The dis tinction is that the thermal bimetal snap element 12 itself provides a closing action for the inlet aperture 5 and the outlet aperture 6 as the temperature increases above the upper snap temperature. This is achieved by the thermal bimetal snap element 12 be ing mounted on the rod 9 with the rod 9 being fixedly at tached within the aperture 8. Thus a change in the con figuration of the thermal bimetal snap element 12 does not have an effect on the position of the rod 9. Instead the change in configuration only affects the position of the thermal bimetal snap element 12 itself. In this case above the higher snap temperature the periphery of the truncated cone is brought into contact with the plate 4, thus sealing both the inlet aperture 5 and the outlet aperture 6. Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the device which has a water swellable 15 member to control the flow of water into the inlet aperture 5. The water swellable member 15 is mounted adjacent to the inlet aperture 5. In use in the dishwashing machine the water swellable member 15 swells, caused by contact with water in the wash liquor. The swelling of the swellable member 15 causes the inlet aperture 5 to be blocked thus WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 34 preventing wash liquor from entering the device 1 and con tacting the detergent bar 2. Also in Figure 6 the detergent dispensing device shown in Figure 1 has a means to control the amount of wash *liquor which contacts the detergent bar. Said means comprises a funnel 16 having a collecting portion 17 and a directing portion 18. Now for wash liquor to come into contact with the detergent bar 2, the wash liquor has to pass through the funnel 16. In the preferred orientation of the device 1 wash liquor collects in the collecting portion 17 of the funnel 16 and passes into contact with the detergent bar 2 via the di recting portion 18. Most preferably the collecting portion 17 has an opening 19 along a portion of its length. The presence of opening 19 in the collecting portion 17 means that wash liquor may only collect in the collecting portion 17 up to the height of the opening 19, before being di rected into contact with the detergent bar 2. Excess wash liquor is discharged away from the device 1 down the side thereof. By exercising control over the amount of wash liquor di rected into contact with the detergent bar 2, or more spe cifically by limiting the amount of water which is allowed to contact the detergent bar 2, the amount of detergent dispensed in wash cycle can be limited. Figures 7(a) to 7(e) show an alternative embodiment of the device of Figures 4(a) to 4(c). In these Figures the prin- WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 35 ciple of operation of the device is similar: the thermal bimetal snap element 12 itself provides a closing action for the inlet aperture 5 and the outlet aperture 6 as the temperature increases above the upper snap temperature. Additionally the device 1 comprises a auxiliary chamber. The auxiliary chamber is formed from an extension of the side walls 20 of the device. The side walls 20 have an ad joining/connecting section 21 which together with the ex tensions 20 creates an enclosed chamber. The auxiliary chamber has an access opening 22. The access opening has an associated thermal bimetal 23. The orienta tion of the thermal bimetal 23 alters with temperature and serves to close the access opening 22 at low temperature (<30'C) and open the access opening 22 at higher temperature (>30 0 C). The operation of this embodiment of the device is more clearly explained with reference to Figure 8. Figure 8 includes markings (a circle (room temperature), an octagon (30'C), a star (40 0 C)and a polygon (>25 0 C or <25'C)). Thus it can be seen at room temperature the access opening 22 of the auxiliary chamber is closed (regardless of the orientation of the snap element 12) such that no detergent is loaded into the wash liquor. As the temperature rises above 250C the access opening 22 of the auxiliary chamber is opened and the wash liquor may become loaded with detergent until a temperature of 400C is reached (the upper snap tem perature of the snap element 12) . This allows sufficient WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 36 detergent to enter the dishwasher wash liquor to meet the washing requirements during the wash cycles. Above 400C the snap element 12 is closed such that no more detergent is loaded into the wash liquor. And although the temperature of the machine drops in between the wash and the rinse cy cle to less than 250C (below the lower snap temperature of the snap element 12) this temperature drop is not suffi cient to trigger discharge of the detergent into the rinse cycle as the access opening of the -re-dosing chamber 22 is blocked by the thermal bimetal 23. Figures 9(a) and 9(b) show a yet further alternative em bodiment of the device. In this embodiment the detergent 2 is fluid: either in the form of a liquid or a powder. In these Figures the principle of operation of the device is similar: the thermal bimetal snap element 12 itself pro vides a closing action for the inlet aperture 5 and the outlet aperture 6 as the temperature increases above the upper snap temperature. Additionally the device 1 comprises a auxiliary chamber. The auxiliary chamber is formed from an extension of the side walls 20 of the device. The side walls 20 have an ad joining/connecting section 21 which together with the ex tensions 20 creates an enclosed chamber. The auxiliary chamber has an access opening 22. The access opening 22 has an associated thermal bimetal snap element 24 disposed adjacent the exterior thereof. The orientation of the thermal bimetal snap element 24 similarly alters WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 37 with temperature and serves to close and open the access opening 22. In this embodiment the rod 9 extends between both the ther mal bimetal snap elements 12 and 24. The rod 9 has a flange 10 which co-operates with the ther mal bimetal snap element 12. Further the rod 9 has a sec ondary flange 25 which co-operates with the thermal bimetal snap element 24. The rod 9 terminates at its lower end against a reinforce ment plate 26 which is disposed external to the auxiliary chamber. The rod 9 terminates at its upper end about the flange 10. Figure 9(a) shows the device after it has been used in a wash cycle. Both of the thermal snap elements 12 and 24 are in their low temperature orientation. In this orienta tion the outlet 6 and the inlet 5 are opened as the access opening 22 is closed. Thus the auxiliary chamber fills with liquid/powder detergent 2. Figure 9(b) shows the de vice after the knob has been depressed. The user can then places the device 1 inside an automatic dishwasher. As the dishwasher operates and the temperature increases above 400C the thermal bimetal snap elements 12 and 24 change to their high temperature formation. This has the effect that the device 1 alters to the orientation shown in Figure 9 (b). Thus the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 are closed WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 38 and the access opening 22 of the auxiliary chamber is opened. The detergent content 2 of the auxiliary chamber of the device is emptied into the wash liquor. As the temperature decreases between the wash cycle(s) and the rinse cycle(s) the decrease is not sufficiently low to cause any alteration in the thermal activators 12 and 24 of the device. Both remain in their high temperature forma tions: no further detergent is dispensed. At the end of the wash cycle / after the wash cycle has finished thermal activators 12 and 24 revert to their low temperature formation. Figures 10(a) and 10(b) show a sixth embodiment of the de vice. In this embodiment the detergent 2 is in the form of a liquid. The device 1 comprises a auxiliary chamber. The auxiliary chamber is formed from an extension of the side walls 20 of the device. The side walls 20 have an adjoining/connecting section 21 which together with the extensions 20 creates an enclosed chamber. The thermal bimetal snap element 12 provides a closing ac tion for the outlet aperture 6 and the access opening 22. This is achieved by operation of the thermal bimetal snap element 12 (in the form of a spring) upon the activation knob 27 mounted on the rod 9. In this embodiment the rod 9 extends from an operating knob 27 though the body of the device 1 through the liquid de- WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 39 tergent 2. The rod 9 terminates in a plugs 7a and has a second plug 7b mounted thereupon. Plug 7a liases with the access opening 22 of the auxiliary chamber. Plug 7b liases with the outlet 6 of the main body. (In this embodiment the main body of the device 1 has no inlet 5). Figure 10(a) shows the device after it has been used in a wash cycle. The thermal snap element 12 is in its low tem perature orientation. In this orientation the outlet 6 is closed by plug 7b. Before use in a wash cycle a user depresses the knob 27. This has the effect that rod 9 is displaced towards the auxiliary chamber. In doing so the thermal bimetal snap element 12 is altered into its low temperature orientation. The outlet 6 is opened as the access opening 22 is closed. Thus the auxiliary chamber fills with liquid detergent 2. Figure 10(b) shows the device after the knob has been de pressed. The user can then places the device 1 inside an automatic dishwasher. As the dishwasher operates and the temperature increases above 40'C the thermal bimetal snap element 12 changes to its high temperature formation. This has the effect that the device 1 reverts back to the orientation shown in Fig ure 10 (a) . Thus the outlet 6 is closed and the access opening 22 of the auxiliary chamber is opened. The deter- WO 2004/107950 PCT/GB2004/002479 40 gent content 2 of the auxiliary chamber of the device is emptied into the wash liquor. As the temperature decreases between the wash cycle(s) and the rinse cycle(s) the decrease is not sufficiently low to cause any alteration in the thermal activator 12 of the de vice. It remains in its high temperature formations: no further detergent is dispensed. Each embodiment of the device does not suffer from the dis advantages associated with multi-dose detergent devices of the prior art as its simplicity enables the device to have a small volume, allowing ease of placement within the dish washing machine. Also as the device does not rely on any complex construction / complex operating mechanism the de vice may be produced at low cost. It will be appreciated that the invention is not intended to be overly limited by reference to the Figures 3 to 6, 7, 9 & 10.

Claims

1. A portable automatic dishwasher detergent dispensing device comprising a body enclosing a detergent or detergent additive, sufficient for a plurality of wash cycles, the body having an inlet aperture to allow wash liquor to contact the detergent and an outlet 5 aperture to allow the detergent loaded wash liquor to exit the body and means to close the one or both of the apertures at or before the start of the dishwasher rinse cycle, wherein the closing means comprises a plurality of thermal bimetals.

2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the closing means reacts to a change in the conditions of the dishwasher during the dishwasher washing cycle. 10

3. A device according to claim 2, wherein the closing means reacts to a change in temperature during the dishwasher washing cycle.

4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the thermal bimetals comprise a conventional thermal bimetal or a thermal bimetal snap element.

5. A device according to claim 4, wherein the thermal bimetals comprise a thermal 15 bimetal snap element adapted to move a plug between a position in which at least one of the inlet and / or outlet apertures is closed to a position in which at least one of the inlet and / or outlet apertures is open.

6. A device according to claim 5, wherein the thermal bimetal snap element has a higher snap temperature of between 30 to 50 0 C. 20

7. A device according to claim 5, wherein the thermal bimetal snap element has a high snap temperature of between 35 to 45 0 C.

8. A device according to claim 5, wherein the thermal bimetal snap element has a higher snap temperature of about 40 0 C.

9. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 8 wherein the thermal bimetal snap 25 element has a lower snap temperature of about 20 to 35 0 C.

10. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 8 wherein the thermal bimetal snap element has a lower snap temperature of between 23 to 27 0 C.

11. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 8 wherein the thermal bimetal snap element has a lower snap temperature of about 25 0 C. 30

12. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 11, wherein the thermal bimetals comprise a thermal bimetal snap element in the form of a strip.

13. A device according to claim 12, wherein a first portion of the thermal bimetal snap element is attached to/liaises with the device and a second portion of the thermal bimetal snap element is attached to/liaises with the plug. 42

14. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 11 wherein the thermal bimetals comprise a thermal bimetal snap element in the form of a two dimensional shape.

15. A device according to claim 14, wherein the thermal bimetal snap element is retained in the device such that one or more of the peripheries of the thermal bimetal 5 snap element interacts with the plug and the device, moving the plug relative to the device.

16. A device according to claim 15, wherein the thermal bimetal snap element is mounted on a plate in the device.

17. A device according to claim 16, wherein the mounting means includes a rod 10 extending from the plug which intersects the thermal bimetal snap element.

18. A device according to claim 17, wherein the rod has a terminal flange to retain the thermal bimetal snap element/interact therewith.

19. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal bimetals comprise a primary thermal bimetal which affects the interaction of a plug 15 with the inlet/outlet aperture and a secondary thermal bimetal which affects the operation of the primary thermal bimetal.

20. A device according to claim 19, wherein the primary thermal bimetal is a conventional thermal bimetal having an activation temperature of about 40"C.

21. A device according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the secondary thermal bimetal 20 comprises a thermal bimetallic snap element having a higher snap temperature of about 40'C and a lower snap temperature of about 25*C.

22. A device according to claim I or 2, wherein the closing means reacts to the presence of water/humidity in the dishwasher.

23. A device according to claim 22, wherein the closing means swells upon contact 25 with water causing the closing of one or both of the inlet and/or outlet apertures.

24. A device in accordance with any one of claims I to 23, wherein the body comprises a water-resistant/water insoluble material.

25. A device in accordance with claim 24, wherein the body comprises a channel which is in communication with the inlet aperture. 30

26. A device in accordance with claim 25, wherein the channel has a bar of detergent disposed therein with the detergent bar completely filling at least a portion of the channel across the entire bore thereof.

27. A device in accordance with claim 26, wherein the channel has a uniform bore, in terms of the cross sectional area of the bore, along its length/at least along the 35 portion filled by the detergent bar.

28. A device in accordance with claim 27, wherein the channel is a tube. 43

29. The use of an automatic washing machine detergent dispensing device in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 28.

30. An automatic washing machine detergent dispensing device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to accompanying Figures 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10.