AU2002235257A1 - Multistage hemodiafiltration/hemofiltration method and apparatus - Google Patents
Multistage hemodiafiltration/hemofiltration method and apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- AU2002235257A1 AU2002235257A1 AU2002235257A AU3525702A AU2002235257A1 AU 2002235257 A1 AU2002235257 A1 AU 2002235257A1 AU 2002235257 A AU2002235257 A AU 2002235257A AU 3525702 A AU3525702 A AU 3525702A AU 2002235257 A1 AU2002235257 A1 AU 2002235257A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- hemodiafiltration
- multistage
- hemofiltration method
- hemofiltration
- multistage hemodiafiltration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/243—Dialysis
- B01D61/244—Dialysis comprising multiple dialysis steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/243—Dialysis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3413—Diafiltration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3413—Diafiltration
- A61M1/3417—Diafiltration using distinct filters for dialysis and ultra-filtration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/342—Adding solutions to the blood, e.g. substitution solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/342—Adding solutions to the blood, e.g. substitution solutions
- A61M1/3424—Substitution fluid path
- A61M1/3431—Substitution fluid path upstream of the filter
- A61M1/3434—Substitution fluid path upstream of the filter with pre-dilution and post-dilution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/342—Adding solutions to the blood, e.g. substitution solutions
- A61M1/3424—Substitution fluid path
- A61M1/3437—Substitution fluid path downstream of the filter, e.g. post-dilution with filtrate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/342—Adding solutions to the blood, e.g. substitution solutions
- A61M1/3441—Substitution rate control as a function of the ultrafiltration rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/342—Adding solutions to the blood, e.g. substitution solutions
- A61M1/3455—Substitution fluids
- A61M1/3465—Substitution fluids using dialysate as substitution fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3401—Cassettes therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/929—Hemoultrafiltrate volume measurement or control processes
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US25719100P | 2000-12-20 | 2000-12-20 | |
US60/257,191 | 2000-12-20 | ||
PCT/US2001/050503 WO2002049745A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Multistage hemodiafiltration/hemofiltration method and apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU2002235257A1 true AU2002235257A1 (en) | 2002-07-01 |
Family
ID=22975257
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002235257A Abandoned AU2002235257A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Multistage hemodiafiltration/hemofiltration method and apparatus |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7074332B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1351756B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4098624B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002235257A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2431431C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2432351T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002049745A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (59)
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US20110098624A1 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2011-04-28 | Mccotter Craig | Method and apparatus for treating renal disease with hemodialysis utilizing pulsatile pump |
US7241272B2 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2007-07-10 | Baxter International Inc. | Method and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes |
US7163520B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2007-01-16 | Chf Solutions, Inc. | Method and device for removal of radiocontrast media from blood |
AU2003249296A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-09 | Baxter Healthcare S.A. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
JP3958733B2 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2007-08-15 | 日機装株式会社 | Blood purification equipment |
US7291269B2 (en) | 2003-03-17 | 2007-11-06 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Apparatus and process for extracorporeal treatment of blood with selective extraction of solutes |
US8029454B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2011-10-04 | Baxter International Inc. | High convection home hemodialysis/hemofiltration and sorbent system |
GB0608444D0 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2006-06-07 | Binding Site The Ltd | Dialysis |
CN101254318B (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2011-12-07 | 法哈德·阿赫默德·阿坎哈尔 | Portable hematodialysis instrument capable of continuously working |
EP2140889A4 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2012-01-25 | Fundacion Para La Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Gregorio Maranon | Haemodialfiltration method and apparatus |
US8114276B2 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2012-02-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Personal hemodialysis system |
ES2542999T5 (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2024-02-23 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Optimizing clearance for protein-bound molecules using cascade filtration therapy |
US9415150B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2016-08-16 | Baxter Healthcare S.A. | Balanced flow dialysis machine |
US8652082B2 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2014-02-18 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Blood treatment apparatus |
US8647290B2 (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2014-02-11 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Hemodialysis or hemo(dia)filtration apparatus and a method for controlling a hemodialysis or hemo(dia)filtration apparatus |
DE102009040104A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | B. Braun Avitum Ag | Device for extracorporeal blood treatment |
US9399091B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2016-07-26 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method to regulate ultrafiltration |
US8877061B2 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2014-11-04 | Gloria Lovell | Dialyzer with dual safety valves |
JP5548001B2 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2014-07-16 | 日機装株式会社 | Blood purification equipment |
US8840790B2 (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2014-09-23 | Fenwal, Inc. | Systems and methods of controlling fouling during a filtration procedure |
US8951219B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2015-02-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Fluid volume monitoring for patients with renal disease |
CN103889481B (en) | 2011-08-02 | 2016-03-09 | 美敦力公司 | With the hemodialysis system of flow path with controlled compliance volume |
WO2013025441A1 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-21 | Pall Corporation | Fluid treatment assemblies, manifolds for fluid treatment assemblies, and methods for treating fluids |
WO2013025844A2 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2013-02-21 | Medtronic, Inc. | Modular hemodialysis system |
EP2564884B1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2014-06-18 | Gambro Lundia AB | Medical apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of fluid and a process of calculating set flow rates in a medical apparatus for delivery or collection of fluids |
US20130146541A1 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-13 | Nxstage Medical, Inc. | Fluid purification methods, devices, and systems |
DE102012109858A1 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2014-04-17 | B. Braun Avitum Ag | Dialysis optimization methods |
US10905816B2 (en) | 2012-12-10 | 2021-02-02 | Medtronic, Inc. | Sodium management system for hemodialysis |
US10478543B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2019-11-19 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Systems and methods for increasing convective clearance of undesired particles in a microfluidic device |
US10603419B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2020-03-31 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratories, Inc. | Systems and methods for increasing convective clearance of undesired particles in a microfluidic device |
US10342909B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2019-07-09 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc. | Systems and methods for increasing convective clearance of undesired particles in a microfluidic device |
US10010663B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2018-07-03 | Medtronic, Inc. | Fluid circuit for delivery of renal replacement therapies |
US10543052B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2020-01-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Portable dialysis cabinet |
US10850016B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2020-12-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Modular fluid therapy system having jumpered flow paths and systems and methods for cleaning and disinfection |
US9623164B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2017-04-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Systems and methods for multifunctional volumetric fluid control |
US9827361B2 (en) | 2013-02-02 | 2017-11-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | pH buffer measurement system for hemodialysis systems |
WO2015066731A2 (en) | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and device to manage fluid volumes in the body |
EP2907565A1 (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-19 | Bayer Technology Services GmbH | Dialysis unit for continuous buffer or media exchange from a protein solution |
US10098993B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2018-10-16 | Medtronic, Inc. | Sensing and storage system for fluid balance |
US10874787B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2020-12-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Degassing system for dialysis |
US9713665B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2017-07-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Degassing system for dialysis |
US9895479B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2018-02-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Water management system for use in dialysis |
US10874790B2 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2020-12-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis intracycle osmotic agent adjustment |
US10994064B2 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2021-05-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysate flow path sensing |
US11013843B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2021-05-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis fluid testing system |
EP3579895B1 (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2022-10-05 | Victor Gura | Dialysis systems |
CN107117688B (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2023-05-30 | 成都威力生生物科技有限公司 | Water treatment system for hemodialysis water preparation |
US11278654B2 (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2022-03-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Pneumatic manifold for a dialysis system |
US11033667B2 (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2021-06-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | Sorbent manifold for a dialysis system |
US11110215B2 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2021-09-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Degasser and vent manifolds for dialysis |
JP7098433B2 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2022-07-11 | 日機装株式会社 | Plasma flow rate acquisition method using blood purification device and blood purification device |
US11806457B2 (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2023-11-07 | Mozarc Medical Us Llc | Peritoneal dialysis adequacy meaurements |
US11806456B2 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2023-11-07 | Mozarc Medical Us Llc | Precision peritoneal dialysis therapy based on dialysis adequacy measurements |
EP3873343A4 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2022-01-05 | Nuwellis, Inc. | Neonatal and pediatric blood filtration system |
US10926019B2 (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2021-02-23 | Choon Kee Lee | Gradient dialysate hemodiafiltration |
CA3180740A1 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | Victor Gura | Wearable dialysis system with ultrafiltrate module |
US11850344B2 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2023-12-26 | Mozarc Medical Us Llc | Gas bubble sensor |
US11944733B2 (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2024-04-02 | Mozarc Medical Us Llc | Sodium and bicarbonate control |
FR3137840A1 (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-19 | Bernard Béné | Hemodialysis process and machine with bicarbonate-buffered dialysate without acidifier |
Family Cites Families (17)
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JPS63139561A (en) * | 1982-07-14 | 1988-06-11 | フイルマ ジエルク シユルツ ウント パルトナー | Method and apparatus for purifying blood |
SE451946B (en) * | 1982-12-10 | 1987-11-09 | Gambro Lundia Ab | DEVICE FOR THE DISPOSAL OF ONE OR MORE FRACTIONS OF WHOLE BLOOD, PLASMA OR SIMILAR BODY WASHES |
DE3529973A1 (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-03-05 | Braun Melsungen Ag | DEVICE FOR HAEMODIAFILTRATION |
US4897184A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1990-01-30 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Fluid flow apparatus control and monitoring |
JPH0630200Y2 (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1994-08-17 | 株式会社三陽電機製作所 | Hemodialysis machine |
JP2769514B2 (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1998-06-25 | 株式会社三陽電機製作所 | Water removal control device for hemodialysis machine |
DE3927633C1 (en) * | 1989-08-22 | 1990-10-04 | Fresenius Ag, 6380 Bad Homburg, De | |
US5017293A (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1991-05-21 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Multi-pass blood washing and plasma removal device and method |
IT1241588B (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1994-01-19 | Sorin Biomedica Emodialisi S R | BLOOD PURIFICATION EQUIPMENT, PARTICULARLY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REINFUSION LIQUID FOR HEMODIAFILTRATION (HDF) |
US5194157A (en) | 1990-03-09 | 1993-03-16 | Sorin Biomedica Emodialisi Srl | Blood purifying equipment particularly for the treatment of patients suffering from renal insufficiency, and a method of producing a reinfusion liquid for haemodiafiltration (HDF) |
JP3263878B2 (en) | 1993-10-06 | 2002-03-11 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Cryptographic communication system |
ES2139783T5 (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 2005-10-16 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | PREPARATION OF SUBSTITUTE LIQUID IN A HEMOFILTRATED OR FILTERED HEMO-DAY APPLIANCE. |
DE19523505A1 (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-01-18 | Fresenius Ag | Haemodiafiltration appliance with blood filter divided by membrane into two chambers |
DE19607162C2 (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1998-01-15 | Fresenius Ag | Use of a two module dialyzer to perform a method of filtering and immediately using substituate fluid in a hemodial filtration device |
WO2000006292A1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-10 | Nephros, Inc. | Method for efficient hemodiafiltration |
CA2349363A1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-11 | Nephros, Inc. | Non-isosmotic diafiltration system |
US6406631B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2002-06-18 | Nephros, Inc. | Two stage diafiltration method and apparatus |
-
2001
- 2001-12-20 CA CA2431431A patent/CA2431431C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-20 US US10/451,204 patent/US7074332B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-20 ES ES01985623T patent/ES2432351T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-20 AU AU2002235257A patent/AU2002235257A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-20 JP JP2002551078A patent/JP4098624B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-20 WO PCT/US2001/050503 patent/WO2002049745A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-12-20 EP EP01985623.6A patent/EP1351756B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2431431A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
EP1351756A1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
ES2432351T3 (en) | 2013-12-02 |
WO2002049745A9 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
EP1351756A4 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
EP1351756B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
CA2431431C (en) | 2010-03-16 |
WO2002049745A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
JP4098624B2 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
JP2004524068A (en) | 2004-08-12 |
US7074332B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 |
US20040068219A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
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