AU2001277268A1 - Substrates for powder deposition containing conductive domains - Google Patents
Substrates for powder deposition containing conductive domainsInfo
- Publication number
- AU2001277268A1 AU2001277268A1 AU2001277268A AU7726801A AU2001277268A1 AU 2001277268 A1 AU2001277268 A1 AU 2001277268A1 AU 2001277268 A AU2001277268 A AU 2001277268A AU 7726801 A AU7726801 A AU 7726801A AU 2001277268 A1 AU2001277268 A1 AU 2001277268A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- film
- particles
- selected regions
- inlay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012502 diagnostic product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004924 electrostatic deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012674 herbal formulation Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000032 diagnostic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039227 diagnostic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000623 Cellulose acetate phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940081734 cellulose acetate phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003132 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940031704 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001606 poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004727 Noryl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001207 Noryl Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011557 critical solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000469 dry deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7007—Drug-containing films, membranes or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/02—Inhalators with activated or ionised fluids, e.g. electrohydrodynamic [EHD] or electrostatic devices; Ozone-inhalators with radioactive tagged particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C13/00—Means for manipulating or holding work, e.g. for separate articles
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
SUBSTRATES FOR POWDER DEPOSITION CONTAINING CONDUCTIVE DOMAINS
The present invention relates to substrates used as the support on which powders are deposited using techniques wherein electrical forces attract the powders for localized deposition.
The applicants or those working with applicants have previously described apparatuses and techniques for using electrical forces to make controlled depositions of materials. Such depositions make it possible to deposit controlled amounts of, for example, a pharmaceutical onto spatially resolved areas of a substrate. These techniques have typically deposited charged particles or grains onto a substrate mounted on a device ("electrostatic chuck") that provides the electrical forces (e.g., electrostatic) that attracts the particles or grains. The particles or grains are typically charged, though attraction can occur through induced polarizations of the particles or grains. The electrostatic chuck has, for example, electrode pads to which electrical potentials are applied to create attractive forces. Adjacent electrodes, of a different potential, can be used to shape the attractive forces or steer particles or grains away from undesired locations. One such electrostatic chuck is illustrated in Figure 3. Once attracted to a given location, grains or particles can induce an image force through their proximity to conductors, which image force can be a powerful contributor to the forces retaining the grains or particles. Other retentive forces include other charge and charge redistribution induced forces, packing forces and Van der Waals forces.
A limitation on this technology has been the amount of particles or grains that can be effectively directed to a given location. One source of this limitation is a practical limit to the strength and localization of the electrical forces close to a given deposition location. The present invention addresses this problem by creating substrates for the deposition having patterned inlays of conductive material, which conductive inlay material serves as an extension or adjunct to the electrode pads of the electrostatic chuck, allowing greater charge density near the site of deposition. The invention provides improved quality of the depositions and allows larger quantities to be deposited.
Summary of the Invention
The invention provides, for example, a conductive inlay film comprising: a layer of dielectric film having a pattern of holes suitable to define selected regions to which particles will be deposited by electrostatic deposition; and a conductive element comprising polymer, which element comprises (a) a conductive film laminated against the dielectric film or (b) a conductive film embedded within the holes, the portion of the conductive element appearing within the holes comprising conductive inlays, wherein the conductive element is adapted to contact one or more electrode pads and provide electrical potentials at the selected regions, and wherein the dielectric film electrically isolates the selected regions. The invention can be used to deposit measured amounts of particles on the selected regions of substrates, wherein the amounts of particles deposited on the selected regions can be measured amounts. The measured amounts can be of a medicament, forming a dosage unit. Or, for example, the conductive inlay film can comprise a diagnostic product with measured amounts of diagnostic reagent at two or more selected regions.
The invention also provides a method of electro-attractive deposition onto a substrate comprising: layering a conductive inlay film onto a surface of an electrostatic chuck comprising at least one electrode contacting the surface, wherein the conductive inlay film comprises conductive polymer effective to transmit potentials from the electrodes to the vicinity of selected regions of the conductive inlay film and dielectric film effective to electrically isolate the selected regions; applying a potential to the at least one electrode; directing particles toward the conductive inlay film; and selectively depositing particles at the selected regions. Note that the term "electrostatic chuck" indicates its use to attract charged powder/particles; such a chuck need not necessarily electrically adhere the substrate to which the powder/particles will be applied. The substrate can be layered on the chuck with, for example, vacuum or adhesive. Further provided is a pharmaceutical, vitamin formulation, sweetener formulation, herbal formulation, veterinary formulation, or diagnostic product comprising: at least a portion of a conductive inlay film, the conductive inlay film comprising: a layer of dielectric film having a pattern of holes suitable to define selected regions to which particles will be deposited by electrostatic deposition; and a conductive element comprising polymer, which element comprises (a) a conductive film laminated against the dielectric film or (b) a conductive film embedded within the holes, the portion
of the conductive element appearing within the holes comprising conductive inlays), the portion comprising a said inlay surrounded by the dielectric film; and a defined amount of pharmaceutical, vitamin, sweetener, herbal product, veterinary pharmaceutical or diagnostic agent selectively deposited on one or more said inlays.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figures 1A and IB display a conductive inlay film according to the invention.
Figures 2A and 2B show another a conductive inlay film according to the invention. Figure 3 shows an exemplary electrostatic chuck.
Detailed Description of the Invention
One illustrative embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1A shows a cross-section of conductive inlay film 20 having conductive film 22 laminated to dielectric film 21. The dielectric film 21 is of a relatively low conductivity and thickness as to allow selective attraction of charged particles to selected regions 23, while limiting any attraction of the particles to areas outside the selected region 23.
Suitable dielectric films include, for example, films of ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methyl cellulose, modified starch, protein (including, e.g. crosslinked gelatin), alginic acid, acrylic polymer (e.g., methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, copolymers of methyl methacrylate, and ethyl acrylate, and the like, such as Eudragit™ acrylic copolymers), polyalkylene oxide (such as polyethylene oxide), polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PNP), crosslinked PNP, polylactide, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), non-woven fabric, paper, and the like. Film forming processes include casting of polymer solutions or dispersions and extrusion molding of polymer powders.
The conductive film is preferably formed of materials that are appropriate for human consumption. For certain materials, this preferred restriction means appropriate in the amount and dosing of the consumable product. Preferably, the conductive film is formed of a polymer which is itself conductive, or which provides a structural framework for a conductive material incorporated into the film. The conductive material can be, for example, a metallic weave, metal particles (such as particles of gold, silver or
iron), carbon black particles, particles of other ionic species, and the like. The conductive material can also be a conductive polymer, such as gelatin or other proteinaceous material. Suitable polymers for imbedding conductive material include ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, HPMC, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, HPC, methyl cellulose, modified starch, protein (including, e.g. crosslinked gelatin), alginic acid, acrylic polymer (e.g., methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, copolymers of methyl methacrylate, and ethyl acrylate, and the like, such as Eudragit™ acrylic copolymers), polyalkylene oxide (such as polyethylene oxide), polyvinyl alcohol, PNP, crosslinked PNP, polylactide, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), non- woven fabric, paper, and the like. The water soluble polymer examples can be cast from a water solution, with the casting and drying conducted at a temperature above the lower critical solution temperature ("LCST"). The LCST for HPC, for example, is typically in the 50-55°C range. Film forming processes again can include casting of polymer solutions or dispersions and extrusion molding of polymer powders. Preferably, the conductive elements of the conductive inlay film, e.g., conductive film 22 or conductive inlay 32 (see below), have a resistivity of 105 ohm/square or less, more preferably 104 or 103 ohm/square or less.
The selected regions 23 can be formed, for example, by cutting the dielectric film prior to laminating the film to the conductive film. The sizes of the selected regions 23 are, in pharmaceutical applications especially, for example from 1 mm to 10 mm in width or diameter.
The conductive inlay film of the invention is preferably flexible. The elements of the conductive inlay film on which particles are deposited are favorably water-swellable or dispersible, facilitating the dispersal or dissolution of deposited particles (see definition below) in appropriate aqueous solutions (e.g., acidic, basic or neutral, depending on the intended use of the conductive inlay film with deposited particles). Suitable thicknesses for the conductive inlay film include from 0.5 mil to 10 mil, more preferably 1.0 mil to 5 mil.
Another illustrative embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 A shows a cross-section of conductive inlay film 30 having conductive inlays 32 in dielectric film 31. The dielectric film 31 is of a relatively low conductivity and thickness as to allow selective attraction of charged particles to selected regions 33, while limiting
any attraction of the particles to areas outside the selected region 33. This embodiment can be designed so that the conductive inlays 32 align with conductive pads on the surface of an electrostatic chuck. Again, the dielectric film is selected to maintain the electrical isolation of the selected regions such that particle-attracting fields are confined to these regions.
The embodiment of Figure 2 can be formed, for example, by layering the dielectric film, on which holes corresponding to the selected regions have been formed, onto a release layer. A polymer solution or water-swellable gel, which can have conductive particles suspended therein, is used to fill the holes. Water-swellable gels- forming polymers include ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, HPMC, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, HPC, methyl cellulose, modified starch, protein (including, e.g. crosslinked gelatin), alginic acid, acrylic polymer (e.g., methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, copolymers of methyl methacrylate, and ethyl acrylate, and the like, such as Eudragit™ acrylic copolymers), polyalkylene oxide (such as polyethylene oxide), polyvinyl alcohol, PNP, crosslinked PNP, polylactide, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), non-woven fabric, paper, and the like. The solution, or the water-swelled gel are embedded in the dielectric film by, for example, drying in a humidity and temperature controlled chamber. The conductive inlay film so formed can now be peeled off the release layer. It will be recognized that the embodiment of Figure 2 can be laminated against a conductive film to form an embodiment that is a hybrid of the embodiments of Figure 1 and Figure 2.
It will be understood that the conductive inlay films of the invention can be used in methods of electrostatically depositing particles thereon. The use of electrostatic chucks for conducting such depositions, including methods of charging the particles
(e.g., by induction or tribocharging) and measuring deposition amounts, are described in a number of patents and patent applications identified below. Deposition measurements can include optical measurement following deposition, and the use of electrical sensors that dynamically monitor deposition. One useful method of charging the particles is induction charging by passing the particles through a jet mill with conductive walls to which a potential is applied.
Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a coplanar chuck 10 where deposition electrodes 14 are separated from shield electrodes 13 by dielectric (preferably
atmosphere) 15, with these features seated in base material 12. The deposition electrodes 14 are preferably formed of series 300 stainless steel. Deposition electrodes 14 contain a pin receptacle 16 for connection to circuit board 11. Base material 12 is made of a dielectric such as Noryl® polymer (GE Plastics, Pittsfield, MA). Noryl engineered plastics are modified polyphenylene oxide, or polyphenylene oxide and polyphenylene ether, resins. The modification of these resins involves blending with a second polymer such as polystyrene or polystyrene/butadiene. By varying the blend ratio and other additives, a variety of grades are produced. Unmodified, these polymers are characterized by regular closely spaced ring structures (phenyl groups) in the main molecular chain. This feature along with strong intermolecular attraction causes extreme stiffness and lack of mobility. The shield electrodes 13 can be made from a conductive material (such as 300 series stainless steel) adhered to the base material 12, for example by an adhesive or a double-sided, rubber-based adhesive tape. The annular gaps that are the preferred embodiment of dielectric 15 can be made by drilling a series of holes in the conductor layer that will form the shield electrodes 13. The deposition electrodes 14 can be, for example, pressed or glued into the base material. The assembly is preferably ground to create a flat, coplanar surface, for example within a tolerance of 0.0002 inches. Where dielectric 15 is atmosphere (that atmosphere in which the electrostatic chuck operates), preferably the portion of the dielectric separation of the electrodes comprising atmosphere is sufficient so that in use the upper plane of the electrostatic chuck aligned with dielectric 15 discharges completely between depositions. Such an amount of dielectric separation is "substantial" separation.
Such an electrostatic chuck can be simply modified with the techniques described to incorporate electrically isolated shield electrodes that can be separately connected to control electronics to provide the sensing circuits described above. Dimension A can be, for example, 0.01 inch; Dimension B can be, for example, 0.157 inch; Dimension C can be, for example, 0.236 inch; Dimension D, the pitch between pixels, can be, for example, 0.3543 inch. The electrostatic chuck can be operated, for example, with a voltage of -700 or -1,400 V applied to the deposition electrodes. The measured amounts of particles or grains deposited by the invention can be useful in a number of contexts, such as pharmaceuticals, vitamin formulations, sweetener
formulations, herbal formulations, veterinary formulations, diagnostic products (with defined quantities of control substances or diagnostic reagents), and the like. GLOSSARY
The following definitions are provided to facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently herein:
"Particles" for deposition are, for the purposes of this application, aggregates of molecules, typically of at least about 3 nm average diameter, such at least about 500 nm or 800 nm average diameter, and are preferably from about 100 nm to about 5 mm, for example, about 100 nm to about 500 μm. Particles are, for example, particles of a micronized powder, or polymer structure that can be referred to as "beads." Beads can be coated, have adsorbed molecules, have entrapped molecules, or otherwise carry other substances.
"Electro-attractive dry deposition" refers to methods that use electrical forces to attract or deposit charged particles to a surface. "Dosage unit" refers to a convenient amount of a given substance. For pharmaceuticals, the term typically refers to amounts that add up to, using a convenient number of dosage units, an appropriate dosage of a pharmaceutical.
The invention described herein can be used in conjunction with a number of devices and methods described by applicants or those working with applicants. For example, the "Electrostatic Sensing Chuck Using Area Matched Electrodes" application of Sun et al., Serial No. 09/417,736, filed October 14, 1999, and the "Device for the Dispersal and Charging of Fluidized Powder" application of Sun et al., Serial No. 09/417,820, October 14, 1999 can be used in conjunction with the invention. Other devices or methods that can be used with various aspects of the present invention include, for example, the methods for use of transporter chucks, acoustic bead dispensers and other powder-manipulating devices set forth in Sun, "Chucks and Methods for Positioning Multiple Objects on a Substrate," US Patent No. 5,788,814, issued August 4, 1998; Sun et al., "Electrostatic Chucks and a Particle Deposition Apparatus Therefor," US Patent No. 5,858,099, issued January 12, 1999; Pletcher et al., "Apparatus for Electrostatically Depositing a Medicament Powder Upon Predefined Regions of a
Substrate," US Patent No. 5,714,007, issued February 3, 1998 (see, also US Patent No. 6,007,630, issued December 28, 1999); Sun et al, "Method of Making Pharmaceutical
Using Electrostatic Chuck," US Patent No. 5,846,595, issued December 8, 1998; Sun et al., "Acoustic Dispenser," US Patent No. 5,753,302, issued May 19, 1998; Sun, "Bead Transporter Chucks Using Repulsive Field Guidance," US Patent 6,098,368, issued 1- Aug-2000; Sun, "Bead Manipulating Chucks with Bead Size Selector,", US Patent No. 5,988,432, issued November 23, 1999; Sun, "Focused Acoustic Bead Charger/Dispenser for Bead Manipulating Chucks," US Patent 6,168,666, issued 2-Jan-2001; Sun et al., "AC Waveforms Biasing For Bead Manipulating Chucks," US Patent 6,149,774, issued 21-Nov-2000.; Sun et al, "Apparatus for Clamping a Planar Substrate," Serial No. 09/095,321, filed 10 June 1998; Poliniak et al, "Dry Powder Deposition Apparatus," US Patent 6,063,194, issued 16-May-2000; and "Pharmaceutical Product and Method of Making," Serial No. 09/095,616, filed 10 June 1998. Additional powder-handling devices, including a cone-shaped cloud chamber, are described in O'Mara et al., "Article Comprising a Diffuser with Flow," Serial No. 09/438,801, filed 12-Nov-1999.
All publications and references, including but not limited to patents and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual publication or reference were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as being fully set forth. Any patent application to which this application claims priority is also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety in the manner described above for publications and references. The following examples further illustrate the present invention, but of course, should not be construed as in any way limiting its scope.
Example 1: Two-layer Polymer Film of Ethylcellulose CEO and HPMC:
The two-layer polymer film consists of a hydrophobic ethylcellulose (EC) film layer and a hydrophilic HPMC film layer. The first step: Cast EC dispersion plasticized with triacetin or other plasticizers over a Mylar film to make the ethylcellulose (EC) layer. Drying is conducted in a temperature/humidity-controlled chamber at 55°C and 35%RH. The second step: Cast HPMC solution over the resulting EC film, making the hydrophilic layer. Drying is conducted at 28°C and 45%RH. The two-layer film is then peeled off from the Mylar film.
Example 2: Polymer film Attached with Conductive Domains
Disperse carbon black into hydroxypropyl cellulose polymer solution to make a conductive polymer film. Disk-like film portions are punched out from the film. The conductive disks are then layered over an EC film (as in Example 1) and sealed by ultrasonic welding. The EC film has high surface resistivity (targeted at 2.6E+12 ohm/square at 20 %RH and 1.2E+12 ohm/square at 30%RH, respectively).
While this invention has been described with an emphasis upon preferred embodiments, it will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations in the preferred devices and methods may be used and that it is intended that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims that follow.
Claims (15)
1. A conductive inlay film comprising: a layer of dielectric film having a. pattern of holes suitable to define selected regions to which particles will be deposited by electrostatic deposition; and a conductive element comprising polymer, which element comprises (a) a conductive film laminated against the dielectric film or (b) a conductive film embedded within the holes, the portion of the conductive element appearing within the holes comprising conductive inlays, wherein the conductive element is adapted to contact one or more electrode pads and provide electrical potentials at the selected regions, and wherein the dielectric film electrically isolates the selected regions.
2. The conductive inlay film of claim 1, further comprising particles deposited on the selected regions by electro-attractive deposition.
3. The conductive inlay film of claim 2, wherein the amounts of particles deposited on the selected regions are a measured amounts.
4. The conductive inlay film of claim 2, wherein the particles comprise a medicament and each selected region defines a dosage unit.
5. The conductive inlay film of claim 2, wherein the particles comprise a diagnostic reagent and the conductive inlay film comprises a diagnostic product with measured amounts of diagnostic reagent at two or more selected regions.
6. The conductive inlay film of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises (a) a conductive film laminated against the dielectric film.
7. The conductive inlay film of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises (b) a conductive film embedded within the holes, the portion of the conductive element appearing within the holes comprising conductive inlays.
8. A method of electro-attractive deposition onto a substrate comprising: layering a conductive inlay film onto a surface of an electrostatic chuck comprising at least one electrode contacting the surface, wherein the conductive inlay film comprises conductive polymer effective to transmit potentials from the electrodes to the vicinity of selected regions of the conductive inlay film and dielectric film effective to electrically isolate the selected regions; applying a potential to the at least one electrode; directing particles toward the conductive inlay film; and selectively depositing particles at the selected regions.
9. A pharmaceutical, vitamin formulation, sweetener formulation, herbal formulation, veterinary formulation, or diagnostic product comprising: at least a portion of a conductive inlay film, the conductive inlay film comprising: a layer of dielectric film having a pattern of holes suitable to define selected regions to which particles will be deposited by electrostatic deposition; and a conductive element comprising polymer, which element comprises (a) a conductive film laminated against the dielectric film or (b) a conductive film embedded within the holes, the portion of the conductive element appearing within the holes comprising conductive inlays, the portion comprising a said inlay surrounded by the dielectric film; and a defined amount of pharmaceutical, vitamin, sweetener, herbal product, veterinary pharmaceutical or diagnostic agent selectively deposited on one or more said inlays.
10. A pharmaceutical dosage unit according to claim 9.
11. A vitamin dosage unit according to claim 9.
12. A sweetener administration unit according to claim 9.
13. A herbal dosage unit according to claim 9.
14. A veterinary dosage unit according to claim 9.
15. A diagnostic product according to claim 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21730500P | 2000-07-11 | 2000-07-11 | |
US60217305 | 2000-07-11 | ||
PCT/US2001/041339 WO2002004202A1 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2001-07-11 | Substrates for powder deposition containing conductive domains |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU2001277268A1 true AU2001277268A1 (en) | 2002-01-21 |
Family
ID=22810502
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001277268A Abandoned AU2001277268A1 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2001-07-11 | Substrates for powder deposition containing conductive domains |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1299230A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004502512A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20030015382A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1440329A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001277268A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2413549A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP0301611A2 (en) |
IL (1) | IL153868A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002004202A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3685149B1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2023-08-16 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Use of a solid fraction sensor to evaluate a solid fraction of a target pharmaceutical sample and solid fraction sensor |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2741638C3 (en) * | 1977-09-15 | 1980-03-27 | Ernst Dipl.-Phys. Dr. 8000 Muenchen Remy | Specimen carrier with electrode arrangement for cell examination, as well as its manufacture |
US5669973A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1997-09-23 | David Sarnoff Research Center, Inc. | Apparatus for electrostatically depositing and retaining materials upon a substrate |
-
2001
- 2001-07-11 JP JP2002508890A patent/JP2004502512A/en active Pending
- 2001-07-11 EP EP01955063A patent/EP1299230A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-11 AU AU2001277268A patent/AU2001277268A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-11 WO PCT/US2001/041339 patent/WO2002004202A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-11 IL IL15386801A patent/IL153868A0/en unknown
- 2001-07-11 KR KR10-2003-7000422A patent/KR20030015382A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-11 HU HU0301611A patent/HUP0301611A2/en unknown
- 2001-07-11 CN CN01812343A patent/CN1440329A/en active Pending
- 2001-07-11 CA CA002413549A patent/CA2413549A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL153868A0 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
CN1440329A (en) | 2003-09-03 |
WO2002004202A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
CA2413549A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
EP1299230A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
HUP0301611A2 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
KR20030015382A (en) | 2003-02-20 |
JP2004502512A (en) | 2004-01-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6670038B2 (en) | Method of depositing particles with an electrostatic chuck | |
US6399143B1 (en) | Method for clamping and electrostatically coating a substrate | |
US5846595A (en) | Method of making pharmaceutical using electrostatic chuck | |
AU767221B2 (en) | AC waveforms biasing for bead manipulating chucks | |
WO1997037803A1 (en) | Chucks and methods for positioning multiple objects on a substrate | |
KR20010041041A (en) | Particle Transporter Chucks Using Repulsive Field Guidance | |
US6844048B2 (en) | Substrates for powder deposition containing conductive domains | |
AU2001277268A1 (en) | Substrates for powder deposition containing conductive domains | |
JP2002517304A (en) | Drug product and method and apparatus for manufacturing drug product | |
AU738275B2 (en) | Electrostatic chucks | |
GB2345870A (en) | Electrostatic chucks for particle deposition |