AU2001235993A1 - Surface-treating agent for metallic material with excellent suitability for press forming and chemical treatment and method of treatment - Google Patents

Surface-treating agent for metallic material with excellent suitability for press forming and chemical treatment and method of treatment

Info

Publication number
AU2001235993A1
AU2001235993A1 AU2001235993A AU3599301A AU2001235993A1 AU 2001235993 A1 AU2001235993 A1 AU 2001235993A1 AU 2001235993 A AU2001235993 A AU 2001235993A AU 3599301 A AU3599301 A AU 3599301A AU 2001235993 A1 AU2001235993 A1 AU 2001235993A1
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
treatment
metallic material
treating agent
press forming
excellent suitability
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
AU2001235993A
Inventor
Yoshihiro Hayashi
Mitsuru Nakamura
Takaomi Nakayama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nihon Parkerizing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nihon Parkerizing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nihon Parkerizing Co Ltd filed Critical Nihon Parkerizing Co Ltd
Publication of AU2001235993A1 publication Critical patent/AU2001235993A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
    • C23C22/74—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M145/08—Vinyl esters of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/40—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
AU2001235993A 2000-10-06 2001-02-28 Surface-treating agent for metallic material with excellent suitability for press forming and chemical treatment and method of treatment Abandoned AU2001235993A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000/307460 2000-10-06
JP2000307460 2000-10-06
PCT/JP2001/001499 WO2002031223A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2001-02-28 Surface-treating agent for metallic material with excellent suitability for press forming and chemical treatment and method of treatment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU2001235993A1 true AU2001235993A1 (en) 2002-04-22

Family

ID=18787973

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2001235993A Abandoned AU2001235993A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2001-02-28 Surface-treating agent for metallic material with excellent suitability for press forming and chemical treatment and method of treatment

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20040011428A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1338677A1 (en)
JP (1) JPWO2002031223A1 (en)
KR (1) KR20030038800A (en)
CN (1) CN1479807A (en)
AU (1) AU2001235993A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0114354A (en)
CA (1) CA2422435A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002031223A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5456223B2 (en) * 2004-02-20 2014-03-26 日本ペイント株式会社 Concentrated liquid for preparing surface conditioner, surface conditioner, and surface conditioning method
JP2005264326A (en) * 2004-02-20 2005-09-29 Nippon Paint Co Ltd Surface conditioner and surface conditioning method
RU2539888C2 (en) * 2013-02-14 2015-01-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки, Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук (ОИВТ РАН) Composition for thermodiffusion galvanising of steel products
RU2527234C1 (en) * 2013-07-22 2014-08-27 Виктор Иванович Кубанцев Method of producing protective coatings
CN104109855A (en) * 2014-06-19 2014-10-22 锐展(铜陵)科技有限公司 Heat insulation aluminum alloy surface treating agent
JP2018028115A (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-02-22 国立大学法人広島大学 Agent and method for repairing plating base material, and plating base material
EP3828306A1 (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-06-02 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Resource-conserving method for activating a metal surface prior to phosphating

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1257947A (en) * 1968-10-31 1971-12-22
JPH01172472A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-07-07 Nippon Paint Co Ltd Coating-type chromate film treating agent
JP2968427B2 (en) * 1993-12-10 1999-10-25 新日本製鐵株式会社 Method for producing non-oriented electrical steel sheet having extremely excellent coating properties and surface treatment agent for the steel sheet
US6033492A (en) * 1995-07-25 2000-03-07 Henkel Corporation Composition and process for autodeposition with modifying rinse of wet autodeposited coating film
JP3828675B2 (en) * 1998-04-23 2006-10-04 新日本製鐵株式会社 Surface-treated steel sheet with excellent corrosion resistance and workability and method for producing the same
US6478860B1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2002-11-12 Henkel Corporation Conditioning metal surfaces before phosphating them
JP2000038683A (en) * 1998-07-24 2000-02-08 Nippon Steel Corp Treated aluminum alloy plate and production of the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPWO2002031223A1 (en) 2004-02-19
CA2422435A1 (en) 2003-03-14
KR20030038800A (en) 2003-05-16
EP1338677A1 (en) 2003-08-27
WO2002031223A1 (en) 2002-04-18
CN1479807A (en) 2004-03-03
US20040011428A1 (en) 2004-01-22
BR0114354A (en) 2003-12-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2747699A (en) Surface treatment composition for metallic material and method of treatment
EG23078A (en) Metal containing composition and process therewith
EP1454965A4 (en) Treating agent for forming protective coating and metallic material having protective coating
AU2002230550A1 (en) Processes for electrically activated transformation of chemical and material compositions
EP0949353A4 (en) Surface treatment composition for metallic material and method for treatment
AU5396000A (en) Plate-like multi-metal cyanide compounds, methods for their use and their use inthe production of polyethererpolyols
HK1042286A1 (en) Field assisted transformation of chemical and material compositions
MX9902053A (en) Water-absorbing agent and its production process and use
AU5460499A (en) Process for nitriding of metal containing materials
AU3957099A (en) Water-based surface-treating agent for metallic material
AU2002220932A1 (en) Chemical process and new intermediates
EP1342813A4 (en) Treating agent for metal surface and metallic material coated therewith
AU2001294686A1 (en) Composition and process for treating metals
EP1198307A4 (en) Metal gasket and method of manufacture
HU0002849D0 (en) Roll containing elastomer coating and process for making thereof
EP0989571A4 (en) Metal electrode material, capacitor using metal electrode material, and method of manufacture
AU2001235993A1 (en) Surface-treating agent for metallic material with excellent suitability for press forming and chemical treatment and method of treatment
EP1243042A4 (en) Method of activating metal hydride material and electrode
GB9927302D0 (en) Chemical process and intermediates
AU2101199A (en) Composition and process for treating a metal surface
AU2002219713A1 (en) Process and apparatus for the production of ammonia
AU2842400A (en) Metal forming apparatus and method of use
AU2001294426A1 (en) Method of treating feed material, and use of the method
AU1341001A (en) Composition and process for treating metals
AU2171999A (en) Apparatus and method for use in the manufacture of chemical compounds