AU2001232186A1 - An endoluminal side branch graft - Google Patents
An endoluminal side branch graftInfo
- Publication number
- AU2001232186A1 AU2001232186A1 AU2001232186A AU3218601A AU2001232186A1 AU 2001232186 A1 AU2001232186 A1 AU 2001232186A1 AU 2001232186 A AU2001232186 A AU 2001232186A AU 3218601 A AU3218601 A AU 3218601A AU 2001232186 A1 AU2001232186 A1 AU 2001232186A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- side branch
- graft
- proximal
- distal
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
- A61F2/07—Stent-grafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
- A61F2/064—Blood vessels with special features to facilitate anastomotic coupling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B2017/1135—End-to-side connections, e.g. T- or Y-connections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/848—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents having means for fixation to the vessel wall, e.g. barbs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
- A61F2002/061—Blood vessels provided with means for allowing access to secondary lumens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
- A61F2002/065—Y-shaped blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2002/821—Ostial stents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2220/0091—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements connected by a hinged linkage mechanism, e.g. of the single-bar or multi-bar linkage type
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
- A61F2230/0028—Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
- A61F2230/005—Rosette-shaped, e.g. star-shaped
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
Abstract
An endoluminal side branch graft comprises a generally tubular body having a proximal part with a proximal opening, a distal part with a distal opening, and a middle section extending between the proximal and distal parts, at least one of the proximal or distal parts has fixing means for fixedly positioning the side branch graft to a main branch graft, the fixing means having a delivery configuration and a stable fixing configuration. A primary graft is first introduced to a site in the body conduit having a side branch. The position of the side branch which has been closed off by the primary graft is mapped and an opening is provided in the primary graft at the mapped position of the side branch. A side graft is introduced into the side branch and fixed to the primary graft.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1014364 | 2000-02-11 | ||
NL1014364A NL1014364C2 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2000-02-11 | Endoluminal grafting method for treating body conduit e.g. artery, aorta, involves introducing side graft into side branch through primary graft, afterwhich side graft is fixed to primary graft |
NL1014559 | 2000-03-03 | ||
NL1014559A NL1014559C2 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2000-03-03 | Umbrella stent. |
PCT/IE2001/000021 WO2001058385A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2001-02-09 | An endoluminal side branch graft |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU2001232186A1 true AU2001232186A1 (en) | 2001-08-20 |
Family
ID=26643133
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001232186A Abandoned AU2001232186A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2001-02-09 | An endoluminal side branch graft |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20010014794A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1257234B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE285726T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001232186A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60108079D1 (en) |
IE (1) | IE20010133A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1014559C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001058385A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6582463B1 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2003-06-24 | Heartstent Corporation | Autoanastomosis |
US20100016943A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2010-01-21 | Trivascular2, Inc. | Method of delivering advanced endovascular graft |
US7147661B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2006-12-12 | Boston Scientific Santa Rosa Corp. | Radially expandable stent |
US7326242B2 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2008-02-05 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Asymmetric bifurcated crown |
EP2298239B1 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2017-02-22 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Method of connecting modules of an endoluminal prosthesis |
US9125733B2 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2015-09-08 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Branched vessel endoluminal device |
US7144421B2 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2006-12-05 | Carpenter Judith T | Endovascular prosthesis, system and method |
US9095461B2 (en) * | 2003-11-08 | 2015-08-04 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Aorta and branch vessel stent grafts and method |
WO2005094525A2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-10-13 | Correx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for connecting a conduit to a hollow organ |
US7799041B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2010-09-21 | Correx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for forming a hole in a hollow organ |
US8048140B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2011-11-01 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Fenestrated intraluminal stent system |
AU2005232545B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2010-08-12 | Cook Medical Technologies Llc | Stent deployment device |
US9427340B2 (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2016-08-30 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stent with protruding branch portion for bifurcated vessels |
CA2616713A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | Endogun Medical Systems Ltd. | Anastomosis device and system |
US20070067023A1 (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2007-03-22 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Tether guided stent side branch |
WO2007124053A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-01 | William A. Cook Australia Pty. Ltd. | Twin bifurcated stent graft |
US8216267B2 (en) | 2006-09-12 | 2012-07-10 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multilayer balloon for bifurcated stent delivery and methods of making and using the same |
US8066755B2 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2011-11-29 | Trivascular, Inc. | System and method of pivoted stent deployment |
US8663309B2 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2014-03-04 | Trivascular, Inc. | Asymmetric stent apparatus and method |
US8226701B2 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2012-07-24 | Trivascular, Inc. | Stent and delivery system for deployment thereof |
JP2010540190A (en) | 2007-10-04 | 2010-12-24 | トリバスキュラー・インコーポレイテッド | Modular vascular graft for low profile transdermal delivery |
US20090125097A1 (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-14 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Device and Method for Stent Graft Fenestration in Situ |
US8328861B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2012-12-11 | Trivascular, Inc. | Delivery system and method for bifurcated graft |
US8083789B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2011-12-27 | Trivascular, Inc. | Securement assembly and method for expandable endovascular device |
WO2009082654A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-07-02 | Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Prosthesis for implantation in aorta |
US8932340B2 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2015-01-13 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Bifurcated stent and delivery system |
US20100125282A1 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Robotically Steered RF Catheter |
US8992595B2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2015-03-31 | Trivascular, Inc. | Durable stent graft with tapered struts and stable delivery methods and devices |
US9498363B2 (en) | 2012-04-06 | 2016-11-22 | Trivascular, Inc. | Delivery catheter for endovascular device |
KR101996929B1 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-07-05 | 국립암센터 | Automatic Pancreaticojejunostomy Stent |
US11077239B2 (en) * | 2017-03-18 | 2021-08-03 | Hemocleanse, Inc. | Tributary access device and methods of use |
CN109700567B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-08-11 | 深圳市先健畅通医疗有限公司 | Blood vessel support |
US11207172B2 (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2021-12-28 | Covidien Lp | Stent designs to cover catheter access site |
CA3133857A1 (en) | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-24 | inQB8 Medical Technologies, LLC | Aortic dissection implant |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5607444A (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1997-03-04 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Ostial stent for bifurcations |
DE69702316T2 (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 2001-02-22 | Medtronic Inc | ENDOLUMINAL PROSTHESES FOR BODY LUME SYSTEMS HAVING MULTIPLE BRANCHES |
US5617878A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-04-08 | Taheri; Syde A. | Stent and method for treatment of aortic occlusive disease |
ATE539702T1 (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 2012-01-15 | Advanced Stent Tech Inc | DEVICE FOR EXPANDING A STENT AND METHOD FOR DEPLOYING IT |
ATE290831T1 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 2005-04-15 | St Jude Medical Atg Inc | MEDICAL TRANSPLANT CONNECTORS |
EP1011458A2 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2000-06-28 | Russell A. Houser | Percutaneous bypass graft and securing system |
DE29718201U1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-02-11 | Biovision Gmbh | Device for the surgical connection of hollow organs |
US6193734B1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2001-02-27 | Heartport, Inc. | System for performing vascular anastomoses |
EP1685808B1 (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2016-09-14 | St.Jude Medical ATG, Inc. | Device for use in closing septal defects and an installation assembly for such device |
EP0941714A1 (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 1999-09-15 | Biocompatibles Limited | Urological stent |
-
2000
- 2000-03-03 NL NL1014559A patent/NL1014559C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-02-09 IE IE20010133A patent/IE20010133A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-09 EP EP01904274A patent/EP1257234B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-09 DE DE60108079T patent/DE60108079D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-09 WO PCT/IE2001/000021 patent/WO2001058385A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-09 AU AU2001232186A patent/AU2001232186A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-09 AT AT01904274T patent/ATE285726T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-12 US US09/780,425 patent/US20010014794A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-05-19 US US10/440,406 patent/US20040093078A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20010014794A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
ATE285726T1 (en) | 2005-01-15 |
WO2001058385A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
EP1257234B1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
NL1014559C2 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
DE60108079D1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
US20040093078A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
EP1257234A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
IE20010133A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2001232186A1 (en) | An endoluminal side branch graft | |
WO2007146021A3 (en) | Stent with a crush-resistant zone | |
EP1150736B8 (en) | Manual control device for a surgical guide | |
WO2006130755A3 (en) | Side branch stent graft | |
AU4420896A (en) | System for catheter fixation | |
CA2512610A1 (en) | Branched vessel endoluminal device | |
DE60207462D1 (en) | Flap structure for remaining catheter | |
AU2002352035A1 (en) | Surgical auxiliary instrument | |
AUPR847301A0 (en) | Endoluminal prostheses for curved lumens | |
WO2001097895A3 (en) | A catheter system | |
WO1995030376A3 (en) | Instrument for use in endoscopic operations | |
AU2003272226A1 (en) | Stent graft with improved proximal end | |
AU2001265428A1 (en) | End sleeve coating for stent delivery | |
DK1509271T3 (en) | Trigger wire system for a prosthetic placement device | |
WO2003082153A3 (en) | Branched vessel prothesis | |
AU4763296A (en) | Cannula with distal end valve | |
AU2001263122A1 (en) | Prostatic stent with localized tissue engaging anchoring means | |
AU4700296A (en) | Medical coupling site valve body | |
AU5025200A (en) | Prosthetic liner with distal reinforcement | |
AU2003269930A1 (en) | Orifice introducer device | |
ATE288717T1 (en) | STENT WITH BRANCH AND FLEXIBLE SIDE PARTS | |
AU2002219849A1 (en) | Prosthetic heart valve with increased lumen | |
GB2326349A (en) | Urinary occlusion device | |
DE60225297D1 (en) | ||
AU4496599A (en) | Flexible catheter sleeve guide |