AU1695800A - Solar cell and solar panel assembled therewith - Google Patents
Solar cell and solar panel assembled therewith Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU1695800A AU1695800A AU16958/00A AU1695800A AU1695800A AU 1695800 A AU1695800 A AU 1695800A AU 16958/00 A AU16958/00 A AU 16958/00A AU 1695800 A AU1695800 A AU 1695800A AU 1695800 A AU1695800 A AU 1695800A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- transparent
- solar
- electrically conductive
- conductive layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004904 UV filter Substances 0.000 claims 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
WO 00/36618 PCTINL99/00731 1 LIQUID-CONTAINING SOLAR CELL AND SOLAR PANEL ASSEMBLED THEREWITH The invention relates to a liquid-containing solar cell comprising a layered structure of at least one working electrode formed by a first electrically conductive layer and a photovoltaically operating layer 5 arranged on the first electrically conductive layer, a counter-electrode coupled mechanically to the working electrode and formed by a second electrically conductive layer, and an electrolytic medium held between the working electrode and counter-electrode, wherein at least one of 10 the electrically conductive layers is transparent and deposited on a transparent substrate. Such a solar cell is known from the International patent application WO 91/16719. The known solar cell comprises a light-transmitting 15 electrically conductive layer which is deposited on a glass plate or a transparent polymer foil to which a number of preferably porous layers of titanium dioxide have been applied and wherein at least the last titanium dioxide layer is doped with a divalent or trivalent metal 20 ion. The combination of titanium dioxide and conductive layer forms the working electrode of a solar cell, which solar cell further comprises a light-transmitting second electrically conductive layer which is deposited on a light-transmitting substrate and which forms a counter 25 electrode. Received between working electrode and counter electrode is an electrolyte containing a redox system. Applied to the surface of the titanium dioxide layer is a sensitizer dye containing a di- or trivalent metal ion. The operation of the known solar cell is as follows. A 30 photon from the visible part of the solar spectrum incident via the working electrode is absorbed by the dye, wherein this dye acquires an energy-rich state and is able to inject an electron with an efficiency of almost 100% WO00/36618 PCT/NL99/00731 2 into the conduction band of the titanium dioxide, which electron is discharged via the electrically conductive layer of the photoelectrode. The resulting hole is supplemented with an electron from the electrolyte, while 5 the electrolyte accepts an electron from the counter electrode. The acceptance of electrons by the electrolyte can be enhanced by a catalyst applied to the surface of the counter-electrode. Such a known solar cell has a number of 10 disadvantageous properties which form an obstacle to use of the cell in the outside air and thereby stand in the way of large-scale application of this cell. Inherent to the exposure to sunlight of an electrolytic liquid enclosed in a space between two electrodes is the danger 15 of this liquid leaking out due to cracks occurring in the walls bounding the space as a result of the expansion of the liquid, or the risk of the liquid boiling. Even in cases where the liquid does not boil or leak, temperature increase results in a decreased efficiency of the solar 20 cell. It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid containing solar cell which is free of said drawbacks. This object is achieved, and other advantages gained, with a solar cell of the type stated in the preamble, 25 wherein according to the invention cooling means are provided for cooling the electrolytic medium. The cooling means are for instance adapted to guide a fluid along and in contact with the side of the solar cell opposite the side adapted to receive sunlight, in other 30 words (according to the terminology usual in the field) along and in contact with the rear side of the solar cell. (The side adapted to receive sunlight is referred to in the field as the front side). In an embodiment of a solar cell according to the 35 invention wherein the fluid is guided along and in contact with the rear side of the solar cell, the first electrically conductive layer is transparent and is WO00/36618 PCT/NL99/00731 3 deposited on a surface of a transparent substrate, the opposite surface of which forms the side adapted to receive sunlight, i.e. the front side of the solar cell. The electrolytic medium in such a solar cell is situated 5 for a small part in and for the greater part beneath the metal oxide semiconductor material on the rear side of the solar cell and is cooled via the second electrically conductive layer by the fluid flowing beneath this layer. In a following embodiment of a solar cell according 10 to the invention wherein the fluid is guided along and in contact with the rear side of the solar cell, the second electrically conductive layer is transparent and is deposited on a surface of a transparent substrate, the opposite surface of which forms the side adapted to 15 receive sunlight, i.e. the front side of the solar cell. Such a solar cell is known under the name "reversed dye sensitized solar cell" or "reversed dye solar cell". The electrolytic medium in such a reversed dye solar cell is situated for the greater part beneath the second 20 electrically conductive layer on the front side and for a small part in the metal oxide semiconductor material on the rear side of the solar cell and is cooled via the metal oxide semiconductor material and the first electrically conductive layer by the fluid flowing beneath 25 this layer. In advantageous manner the cooling means are for instance adapted to guide a fluid along and in contact with the side of the solar cell adapted to receive sunlight, in other words along and in contact with the 30 front side of the solar cell. In an embodiment of a solar cell according to the invention wherein the fluid is guided along and in contact with the front side of the solar cell, the first electrically conductive layer is transparent and is 35 deposited on a surface of a transparent substrate, the opposite surface of which forms the side adapted to receive sunlight, in other words the front side of the WO00/36618 PCT/NL99/00731 4 solar cell. The electrolytic medium in such a solar cell is situated for a small part in and for the greater part beneath the metal oxide semiconductor material on the rear side of the solar cell and is cooled via the metal oxide 5 semiconductor material, the first electrically conductive layer and the substrate therefor by the fluid flowing through this substrate. In a following embodiment of a solar cell according to the invention wherein the fluid is guided along and in 10 contact with the front side of the solar cell, the second electrically conductive layer is transparent and is deposited on a surface of a transparent substrate, the opposite surface of which forms the side adapted to receive sunlight, in other words the front side of the 15 solar cell. The electrolytic medium in such a reversed dye solar cell is situated for the greater part beneath the second electrically conductive layer on the front side and for a small part in the metal oxide semiconductor material on the rear side of the solar cell and is cooled via the 20 second electrically conductive layer and the substrate therefor by fluid flowing through this substrate. In embodiments wherein the fluid flows along the front side and when electrically insulating substrates of suitable types of glass or plastic are used, this fluid 25 does not come into contact with voltage-carrying parts of the solar cell, so that without problem the fluid can for instance be water. More particularly the fluid can be salt water, which offers great advantages for instance in large-scale application in regions where clean water is 30 scarce. The counter-electrode in a solar cell according to the invention can in per se known manner be mechanically coupled to the counter-electrode, for instance using an O ring. 35 In an advantageous embodiment of the solar cell according to the invention, it is provided along its periphery with a vapour and liquid-tight peripheral edge WO00/36618 PCT/NL99/00731 5 of a suitably chosen plastic material, for instance an adhesive material based on an MS polymer, which has favourable shrinkage properties and a good UV resistance and requires little pre-treatment, so that it is easy to 5 process. It has been found that with such an adhesive material a reliable, strong and durable liquid- and gas-tight sealing of the solar cell is obtained, even under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. 10 The advantages of said adhesive material are utilized still further in an embodiment in which it has a substantially white colour, which results in an increase in the number of reflections of incident sunlight and therewith in an increase in the efficiency of the solar 15 cell. The invention further relates to a photovoltaic solar panel, comprising a plate-like carrier which is provided with at least two solar cells according to the above described invention. 20 The advantages of the invention are particularly manifest in a solar panel in which the solar cells are received in a housing which is formed by a standing peripheral edge of the carrier and a transparent cover plate connecting onto this peripheral edge and extending 25 over the side of the solar cells adapted to receive sunlight, which housing is provided with at least an inlet and an outlet for guiding a fluid along and in direct contact with the solar cells. The fluid in such a solar panel comes into direct 30 contact with the solar cells thereof, which results in a value for the refractive index at a transition fluid/solar cell of incident light resulting in a more effective conversion of light into electrical current than the refractive index at a transition air/solar cell in a prior 35 art solar panel. A panel according to the invention can be adapted to the requirements of the user, for instance by adjusting WO00/36618 PCT/NL99/00731 6 the distance between the cover plate and the solar cells, and thereby the thickness of the fluid layer above the solar cells and/or the flow rate of the fluid through the housing, to the desired temperature gradient to be 5 realized over the fluid layer. By adding suitably chosen substances to the fluid or by using a cover plate with a suitable coating, a filter for determined wavelength bands in the incident ultraviolet light is obtained in simple manner, which 10 prevents undesired effects in the working electrode, for instance destructive optical excitation of the semiconductor material of the working electrode. The invention will be elucidated hereinbelow on the basis of an embodiment with reference to the drawing. 15 In the drawing fig. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a solar panel according to the invention in respectively top view and front view. Fig. 1 shows a solar panel 8 with the side adapted to receive sunlight facing upward, fig. 2 shows the solar 20 cell 8 in a front view through the cross-section along the line II-II of fig. 1. Panel 8 contains ten solar cells 1 connected electrically in parallel, each comprising a layered structure of a working electrode, composed of a transparent electrically conductive layer (not shown) of a 25 per se known suitable material (for instance a so-called TCO layer, i.e. a layer of a transparent conductive oxide material), on a transparent glass substrate 2. In the example a group of five cells 1 at a time is integrated on a joint substrate 2. On the transparent electrically 30 conductive layer a layer 3 of nanocrystalline TiO 2 is deposited per solar cell 1, wherein an edge zone of the conductive layer remains uncovered on two opposite sides of the TiO 2 layer. The TiO 2 is provided with a suitable sensitizer material of a per se known type. Coupled to the 35 working electrode by means of adhesive edges 5 of a known material is a counter-electrode composed of an electrically conductive layer of a per se known suitable WO00/36618 PCT/NL99/00731 7 material on a substrate 4 suitable for this purpose. A lithium iodide/iodine-containing mixture is held as electrolytic medium in the spaces between the working electrodes and the respective counter-electrode. Applied 5 to the conductive layer of the counter-electrode is a thin graphite layer which serves as catalyst for the conversion in the electrolyte of 13 to I. The working electrodes are coupled in each case to the respective counter-electrodes using an adhesive edge 5 between the respective substrates 10 of working electrode and counter-electrode of a material which is resistant to the electrolytic medium. Solar cells 1 are each provided along their sides not adjoining another cell with a vapour- and liquid-tight peripheral edge 6 of an adhesive material based on an MS polymer 15 having a substantially white colour. Substrates 4 are fixed to a carrier plate 7 which is clamped in between a lower frame 9 and an intermediate frame 10 which is provided on its underside with a groove for an O-ring 11 for liquid- and gas-tight sealing of carrier plate 7. 20 Between the intermediate frame 10 and an upper frame 12 a cover plate 13 of a transparent material is clamped in liquid- and gas-tight manner into a groove in the underside of upper frame 12 using an O-ring 11. Solar cells 1 are cooled during operation with cooling water 25 which is supplied through the intermediate frame 10 via inlets 14 into the space 16 between cover plate 13 and substrates 2, and which flows over solar cells 1 and which is drained on the opposite side via outlets 15 through the intermediate frame 10. The figure further shows electrical 30 connections 17 for transporting current generated by cells 1 and screws 18 with which lower frame 9 and upper frame 12 are fixed to intermediate frame 10. With a solar cell, and in particular a solar panel according to the invention a device is provided which can 35 be installed simply on roofs and houses for generating electricity, the appearance of which can be adapted to WO00/36618 PCT/NL99/00731 8 colour variations in the surroundings by a suitable choice of cover plate and cooling liquid. Due to the use of a transparent cover plate in a panel according to the invention this panel is highly 5 suitable for integration in or placing on the roof of greenhouses and glasshouses for glass horticulture. The conduit system for the applied fluid, in particular water, can for instance be coupled to installations for heating, hydrolysis or desalination, for 10 instance for use in swimming pools.
Claims (15)
1. Liquid-containing solar cell (1) comprising a layered structure of at least one working electrode (2, 3) formed by a first electrically conductive layer and a photovoltaically operating layer (3) arranged on the first 5 electrically conductive layer, a counter-electrode (4) coupled mechanically to the working electrode (2, 3) and formed by a second electrically conductive layer, and an electrolytic medium held between the working electrode (2, 3) and counter-electrode (4), wherein at least one of the 10 electrically conductive layers is transparent and deposited on a transparent substrate (2), wherein at least one side of the solar cell is adapted to receive sunlight, characterized in that cooling means (14, 15, 16) are provided for cooling the electrolytic medium. 15
2. Solar cell as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cooling means (14, 15, 16) are adapted to guide a fluid along and in contact with the side of the solar cell opposite the side adapted to receive sunlight.
3. Solar cell as claimed in claim 2, characterized in 20 that the first electrically conductive layer is transparent and is deposited on a surface of a transparent substrate, the opposite surface of which forms the side of the solar cell adapted to receive sunlight.
4. Solar cell as claimed in claim 2, characterized in 25 that the second electrically conductive layer is transparent and is deposited on a surface of a transparent substrate, the opposite surface of which forms the side of the solar cell adapted to receive sunlight.
5. Solar cell (1) as claimed in claim 1, 30 characterized in that the cooling means (14, 15, 16) are adapted to guide a fluid along and in contact with the side of the solar cell (1) adapted to receive sunlight. WO 00/36618 PCTINL99/00731 10
6. Solar cell (1) as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the first electrically conductive layer is transparent and is deposited on a surface of a transparent substrate (2), the opposite surface of which 5 forms the side of the solar cell adapted to receive sunlight.
7. Solar cell as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the second electrically conductive layer is transparent and is deposited on a surface of a transparent 10 substrate, the opposite surface of which forms the side of the solar cell adapted to receive sunlight.
8. Solar cell as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the fluid contains substances acting as selective UV filter and selectively absorbing ultraviolet light. 15
9. Solar cell (1) as claimed in any of the claims 2 8, characterized in that the fluid is water.
10. Solar cell (1) as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that it is provided along its periphery with a vapour and liquid-tight peripheral edge 20 (6) of a suitably chosen plastic material.
11. Solar cell (1) as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the plastic material is an adhesive material (6) based on an MS polymer.
12. Solar cell (1) as claimed in claim 10, 25 characterized in that the adhesive material (6) has a substantially white colour.
13. Photovoltaic solar panel (8), comprising a plate like carrier (7) which is provided with at least two solar cells (1) as claimed in any of the foregoing claims. 30
14. Solar panel (8) as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the solar cells (1) are received in a housing (7, 9, 10, 12, 13) which is formed by a standing peripheral edge (10) of the carrier (7) and a transparent cover plate (13) connecting onto this peripheral edge (10) 35 and extending over the side of the solar cells (1) adapted to receive sunlight, which housing (7, 9, 10, 12, 13) is provided with at least an inlet (14) and an outlet (15) WO00/36618 PCT/NL99/00731 11 for guiding a fluid along and in direct contact with the solar cells (1).
15. Solar panel (8) as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the transparent cover plate (13) 5 contains substances acting as selective UV filter and selectively absorbing ultraviolet light.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1010787 | 1998-12-11 | ||
| NL1010787A NL1010787C2 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 1998-12-11 | Liquid-containing solar cell and solar panel composed with it. |
| PCT/NL1999/000731 WO2000036618A1 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 1999-11-30 | Liquid-containing solar cell and solar panel assembled therewith |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1695800A true AU1695800A (en) | 2000-07-03 |
| AU766126B2 AU766126B2 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
Family
ID=19768297
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU16958/00A Ceased AU766126B2 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 1999-11-30 | Solar cell and solar panel assembled therewith |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1149392A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002532841A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU766126B2 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1010787C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000036618A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4545429B2 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2010-09-15 | 株式会社フジクラ | Photoelectric conversion element and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP4559065B2 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2010-10-06 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion element structure |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4052228A (en) * | 1976-07-12 | 1977-10-04 | Russell Charles R | Optical concentrator and cooling system for photovoltaic cells |
| JPH09213980A (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for cooling solar cell |
| EP0855726B1 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2006-01-25 | Greatcell Solar S.A. | Solar cell and process of making same |
-
1998
- 1998-12-11 NL NL1010787A patent/NL1010787C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-11-30 EP EP99960012A patent/EP1149392A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-30 JP JP2000588780A patent/JP2002532841A/en active Pending
- 1999-11-30 WO PCT/NL1999/000731 patent/WO2000036618A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-30 AU AU16958/00A patent/AU766126B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2002532841A (en) | 2002-10-02 |
| EP1149392A1 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| NL1010787C2 (en) | 2000-06-19 |
| AU766126B2 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
| WO2000036618A1 (en) | 2000-06-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) |