AU1506901A - Electrode material for positive electrodes of rechargeable lithium batteries - Google Patents
Electrode material for positive electrodes of rechargeable lithium batteriesInfo
- Publication number
- AU1506901A AU1506901A AU15069/01A AU1506901A AU1506901A AU 1506901 A AU1506901 A AU 1506901A AU 15069/01 A AU15069/01 A AU 15069/01A AU 1506901 A AU1506901 A AU 1506901A AU 1506901 A AU1506901 A AU 1506901A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- electrode material
- positive electrodes
- lithium batteries
- rechargeable lithium
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Complex oxides containing manganese and at least one other metal element
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (MnO2)-, e.g. LiMnO2 or Li(MxMn1-x)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/20—Two-dimensional structures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The electrode material for positive electrodes of rechargeable lithium batteries is based on a lithium transition metal oxide. Said lithium transition metal oxide is a lithium transmission metal mixed oxide with at least two transition metals (for example nickel and/or manganese), has a layer structure and is doped (for example, with aluminium and/or boron). This inventive electrode material is characterized by a high cycle stability, yet is still economical to produce.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH2215/99 | 1999-12-03 | ||
| CH221599 | 1999-12-03 | ||
| PCT/CH2000/000641 WO2001041238A1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2000-12-01 | Electrode material for positive electrodes of rechargeable lithium batteries |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1506901A true AU1506901A (en) | 2001-06-12 |
Family
ID=4228551
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU15069/01A Abandoned AU1506901A (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2000-12-01 | Electrode material for positive electrodes of rechargeable lithium batteries |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6998069B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1236232B8 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003515911A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100728717B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1302568C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE306122T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1506901A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50011303D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001041238A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2008203082B2 (en) * | 2001-07-14 | 2011-01-06 | The University Court Of The University Of St Andrews | Improvements in or relating to electrochemical cells |
| GB0117235D0 (en) * | 2001-07-14 | 2001-09-05 | Univ St Andrews | Improvements in or relating to electrochemical cells |
| JP3873717B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2007-01-24 | ソニー株式会社 | Positive electrode material and battery using the same |
| CN100344543C (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2007-10-24 | 东曹株式会社 | Lithium-manganese composite oxide granular secondary particle, method for production thereof and use thereof |
| NZ520452A (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2005-03-24 | Lg Chemical Ltd | Anion containing mixed hydroxide and lithium transition metal oxide with gradient of metal composition |
| DE10345348A1 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-14 | Varta Microbattery Gmbh | Method for producing a rechargeable galvanic element and such an element |
| DE102004008397B4 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2008-11-13 | Ferro Gmbh | Positive active electrode material, process for producing a positive electrode active material and lithium secondary cell |
| GB0506022D0 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2005-04-27 | Wildbird J C Foods Ltd | Bird feeder accessory |
| US7638243B2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2009-12-29 | Novolyte Technologies Inc. | Stabilized nonaqueous electrolytes for rechargeable batteries |
| EP2071650A4 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2013-04-03 | Panasonic Corp | ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERY BATTERIES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| US20080261094A1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-10-23 | Stuart Licht | Stabilized electrodes for electrochemical cells |
| EP2228855B1 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2014-02-26 | Belenos Clean Power Holding AG | Open porous electrically conductive nanocomposite material |
| EP2237346B1 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2017-08-09 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Electrically conductive nanocomposite material comprising sacrificial nanoparticles and open porous nanocomposites produced thereof |
| CN102651491B (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2015-03-18 | 深圳市雄韬电源科技股份有限公司 | Composite battery |
| EP3349276B1 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2025-05-07 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrode active material, lithium secondary battery containing the electrode active material, and method of preparing the electrode active material |
| US10892488B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2021-01-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrode active material, lithium secondary battery containing the electrode active material, and method of preparing the electrode active material |
| EP3415470A1 (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2018-12-19 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Boron-doped sodium-ion cathode material, method of producing same and its use |
| US12374688B2 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2025-07-29 | Battery Solution | Positive active material, method of preparing the same, and lithium secondary battery including the same |
| WO2025010705A1 (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2025-01-16 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Boron-doped positive electrode material precursor, and preparation method therefor and use thereof |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2645142B1 (en) | 1989-03-29 | 1991-07-12 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A NICKEL HYDROXIDE SUBSTITUTED FOR STRUCTURED COBALT (ALPHA), STABLE IN AN ALKALINE MEDIUM AND ITS USE IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR |
| JPH076901A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1995-01-10 | Tama Electric Co Ltd | Film resistor |
| JPH05299092A (en) | 1992-01-17 | 1993-11-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery and manufacturing method thereof |
| US5609975A (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1997-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery and method of manufacturing the same |
| JPH08213052A (en) * | 1994-08-04 | 1996-08-20 | Seiko Instr Inc | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| JP3422441B2 (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 2003-06-30 | 株式会社ユアサコーポレーション | Lithium secondary battery |
| DE4439989C2 (en) | 1994-11-09 | 1997-06-19 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Manganese-containing nickel (II) hydroxide powder, process for their preparation and their use |
| JPH08213015A (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1996-08-20 | Sony Corp | Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery |
| JP3897387B2 (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 2007-03-22 | 株式会社ジーエス・ユアサコーポレーション | Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery |
| JPH09237630A (en) | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Active material for alkaline storage battery and positive electrode |
| TW363940B (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1999-07-11 | Toda Kogyo Corp | A lithium-nickle-cobalt compound oxide, process thereof and anode active substance for storage battery |
| JP3579545B2 (en) | 1996-09-20 | 2004-10-20 | 株式会社田中化学研究所 | Nickel hydroxide for alkaline storage batteries and method for producing the same |
| US5993998A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1999-11-30 | Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd. | Positive active material for lithium battery, lithium battery having the same and method for producing the same |
| JP3624663B2 (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 2005-03-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | battery |
| JP3281829B2 (en) * | 1997-01-16 | 2002-05-13 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| JPH10255846A (en) * | 1997-03-13 | 1998-09-25 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| JPH10316431A (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1998-12-02 | Fuji Chem Ind Co Ltd | Lithium nickel composite oxide, method for producing the same, and positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery |
| EP0989622B1 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2001-10-31 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolytic secondary cell |
| AU1084300A (en) | 1998-10-16 | 2000-05-08 | Pacific Lithium Limited | Lithium manganese oxide and methods of manufacture |
| JP4110435B2 (en) * | 1998-11-04 | 2008-07-02 | 戸田工業株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary battery |
| JP3233352B2 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2001-11-26 | 株式会社東芝 | Manufacturing method of non-aqueous solvent secondary battery |
| JP3653409B2 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2005-05-25 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery and manufacturing method thereof, positive electrode for lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode active material and manufacturing method thereof, lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2000
- 2000-01-12 US US10/149,032 patent/US6998069B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-01 WO PCT/CH2000/000641 patent/WO2001041238A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-01 KR KR1020027006901A patent/KR100728717B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-01 CN CNB008166382A patent/CN1302568C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-01 DE DE50011303T patent/DE50011303D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-01 JP JP2001542409A patent/JP2003515911A/en active Pending
- 2000-12-01 EP EP00977333A patent/EP1236232B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-01 AU AU15069/01A patent/AU1506901A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-01 AT AT00977333T patent/ATE306122T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1302568C (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| EP1236232B8 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
| WO2001041238A1 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
| US6998069B1 (en) | 2006-02-14 |
| KR20020064322A (en) | 2002-08-07 |
| EP1236232B1 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
| DE50011303D1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
| EP1236232A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
| KR100728717B1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
| CN1402889A (en) | 2003-03-12 |
| ATE306122T1 (en) | 2005-10-15 |
| JP2003515911A (en) | 2003-05-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1236232B8 (en) | Electrode material for positive electrodes of rechargeable lithium batteries | |
| MY125786A (en) | Cathode intercalation compositions, production methods and rechargeable lithium batteries containing the same | |
| CA2186533A1 (en) | Composite Electrode for a Lithium Battery | |
| TW200511624A (en) | Positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery | |
| AU2001229269A1 (en) | Amorphous electrode compositions | |
| EP1179869A3 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and positive electrode for the same | |
| CA2350710A1 (en) | Layered lithium metal oxides free of localized cubic spinel-like structural phases and methods of making same | |
| EP1309022A3 (en) | Positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing the same | |
| CA2428201A1 (en) | Methods of making lithium metal compounds useful as cathode active materials | |
| EP1102339A3 (en) | Negative electrode material for non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, method for manufacturing the same, and non-aqueous lithium secondary battery using the same | |
| TW362295B (en) | Negative electrode material and non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary cell employing same | |
| EP1249882A4 (en) | Binder for use in electrolyte of lithium ion secondary cell and use thereof | |
| EP0851515A3 (en) | Powdery material, electrode member, method for manufacturing same and secondary cell | |
| CA2283393A1 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery | |
| CA2251709A1 (en) | Cathode materials for secondary (rechargeable) lithium batteries | |
| TW200705737A (en) | New system of lithium ion battery containing material with high irreversible capacity | |
| MY112482A (en) | Synthesis method for alkaline metal intercalation manganese oxide materials, and electrodes for electrochemical cells using same | |
| EP0973180A3 (en) | Secondary power source | |
| CA2092222A1 (en) | Secondary battery and manufacturing method therefor | |
| WO2003052845A3 (en) | Electrolyte additive for non-aqueous electrochemical cells | |
| EP1132985A3 (en) | Positive electrode material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and battery using the same | |
| EP4057380A3 (en) | Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same | |
| EP1321994A3 (en) | Positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary battery | |
| AU1739200A (en) | Multiple doped lithium manganese oxide compounds and methods of preparing same | |
| EP1282182A3 (en) | Positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method of producing the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK6 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(f)/reg. 8.3(3) - pct applic. not entering national phase |