ATE173389T1 - Vorrichtung zur reprofilierung der augenhornhaut - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur reprofilierung der augenhornhautInfo
- Publication number
- ATE173389T1 ATE173389T1 AT95942575T AT95942575T ATE173389T1 AT E173389 T1 ATE173389 T1 AT E173389T1 AT 95942575 T AT95942575 T AT 95942575T AT 95942575 T AT95942575 T AT 95942575T AT E173389 T1 ATE173389 T1 AT E173389T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- cornea
- annular beam
- region
- intensity
- disclosed
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/04—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with continuous faces that are rotationally symmetrical but deviate from a true sphere, e.g. so called "aspheric" lenses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
- A61F9/00804—Refractive treatments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
- A61F9/0081—Transplantation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
- A61F9/00817—Beam shaping with masks
- A61F9/00819—Beam shaping with masks with photoablatable masks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
- B23K26/0734—Shaping the laser spot into an annular shape
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00844—Feedback systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
- A61F2009/00872—Cornea
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/351,826 US5613965A (en) | 1994-12-08 | 1994-12-08 | Corneal reprofiling using an annular beam of ablative radiation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE173389T1 true ATE173389T1 (de) | 1998-12-15 |
Family
ID=23382576
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT95942575T ATE173389T1 (de) | 1994-12-08 | 1995-12-04 | Vorrichtung zur reprofilierung der augenhornhaut |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5613965A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0796065B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH10510184A (es) |
AT (1) | ATE173389T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU717380B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2206868C (es) |
DE (1) | DE69506128T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2126960T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO1996017566A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6450641B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2002-09-17 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Method of corneal analysis using a checkered placido apparatus |
US6716210B2 (en) | 1992-12-03 | 2004-04-06 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Refractive surgical laser apparatus and method |
USRE37504E1 (en) | 1992-12-03 | 2002-01-08 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Ophthalmic surgery method using non-contact scanning laser |
US5505724A (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1996-04-09 | Steinert; Roger F. | Epithelium removal |
US8025661B2 (en) | 1994-09-09 | 2011-09-27 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Coaxial catheter instruments for ablation with radiant energy |
US6423055B1 (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2002-07-23 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Phototherapeutic wave guide apparatus |
US6063072A (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 2000-05-16 | Summit Technology, Inc. | Methods and systems for correction of hyperopia and/or astigmatism using ablative radiation |
US5904678A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1999-05-18 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Multizone, multipass photorefractive keratectomy |
EP0921764A1 (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1999-06-16 | California Institute Of Technology | Conoscopic system for real-time corneal topography |
US5997529A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1999-12-07 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Compound astigmatic myopia or hyperopia correction by laser ablation |
US6210169B1 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 2001-04-03 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Device and method for simulating ophthalmic surgery |
US6156030A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 2000-12-05 | Y-Beam Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for high precision variable rate material removal and modification |
US6007202A (en) | 1997-10-23 | 1999-12-28 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Eye illumination system and method |
US6132424A (en) | 1998-03-13 | 2000-10-17 | Lasersight Technologies Inc. | Smooth and uniform laser ablation apparatus and method |
US6010497A (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 2000-01-04 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling scanning of an ablating laser beam |
US6409718B1 (en) | 1998-02-03 | 2002-06-25 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Device and method for correcting astigmatism by laser ablation |
US6193710B1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2001-02-27 | Visx, Incorporated | Method for scanning non-overlapping patterns of laser energy with diffractive optics |
US6551306B1 (en) * | 1999-04-13 | 2003-04-22 | Cesar C. Carriazo | Refractive laser ablation through topography |
US6497701B2 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2002-12-24 | Visx, Incorporated | Method and system for ablating surfaces with partially overlapping craters having consistent curvature |
US7935108B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2011-05-03 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Deflectable sheath catheters |
US9033961B2 (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2015-05-19 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Cardiac ablation catheters for forming overlapping lesions |
US8900219B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2014-12-02 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | System and method for visualizing tissue during ablation procedures |
US8540704B2 (en) * | 1999-07-14 | 2013-09-24 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Guided cardiac ablation catheters |
DE19943735B4 (de) * | 1999-09-03 | 2007-04-26 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Vorrichtung zur Bestrahlung des Auges |
DE19943723C2 (de) * | 1999-09-03 | 2002-11-07 | Zeiss Carl Jena Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Bestrahlung des Auges |
JP2002058695A (ja) | 1999-09-03 | 2002-02-26 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | 眼の照射方法及び装置 |
US6530916B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2003-03-11 | Visx, Incorporated | Uniform large area ablation system and method |
DE10044522C2 (de) * | 2000-09-04 | 2002-08-01 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Optische Anordnung zur Strahlführung |
JP4003918B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-20 | 2007-11-07 | 株式会社ニデック | 角膜手術装置 |
US20070265650A1 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2007-11-15 | Ioannis Pallikaris | Device for separating the epithelial layer from the surface of the cornea of an eye |
US7156859B2 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2007-01-02 | Fos Holding S.A. | Device for separating the epithelium layer from the surface of the cornea of an eye |
WO2003009789A1 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-02-06 | Fos Holding S.A. | Device for separating the epithelium layer from the surface of the cornea of an eye |
US6613043B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2003-09-02 | Robert L. Epstein | System for increasing the accuracy and safety of ablative laser treatments |
US7632250B2 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2009-12-15 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Introducer seal assembly |
JP4171616B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-24 | 2008-10-22 | 株式会社ニデック | 角膜手術装置及び角膜切除量決定装置 |
AU2003249884B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2008-08-14 | Technolas Gmbh Ophthalmologishe Systeme | Myopia correction enhancing biodynamic ablation |
US6951556B2 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2005-10-04 | Epstein Robert L | Method and apparatus for correcting off-center laser ablations in refractive surgery |
AU2003284208A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-05-04 | The Ohio State University | Customized transition zone system and method for an ablation pattern |
CA2508689A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-06-24 | Sightrate B.V. | Disposable separator for separating the epithelium layer from the cornea of an eye |
KR101098176B1 (ko) * | 2002-12-16 | 2011-12-26 | 더 오하이오 스테이트 유니버시티 리서치 파운데이션 | 파라메트릭 모델 기반 절제 수술 시스템들 및 그 방법들 |
US20040260321A1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-12-23 | Ming-Kok Tai | Apparatus and method for separating the epithelium layer from the cornea of an eye without corneal pre-applanation |
US7211077B1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2007-05-01 | Rampona Douglas M | Methods for removing epithelial cells prior to performing corneal ablation |
US7856985B2 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2010-12-28 | Cynosure, Inc. | Method of treatment body tissue using a non-uniform laser beam |
KR101362988B1 (ko) * | 2008-06-20 | 2014-02-17 | 웨이브라이트 게엠베하 | 집속 레이저 방사로 조직의 일부분을 절단하는 장치 |
RU2391078C2 (ru) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-06-10 | Сергей Игоревич Анисимов | Способ лечения кератоконуса воздействием ультрафиолетового излучения и устройство для его осуществления (варианты) |
US20110082452A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-04-07 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Cardiac ablation system with automatic safety shut-off feature |
EP2482744A4 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2017-01-04 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Cardiac ablation system with inflatable member having multiple inflation settings |
US8696653B2 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2014-04-15 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Cardiac ablation system with pulsed aiming light |
WO2011044248A2 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-14 | Cardiofocus, Inc. | Cardiac ablation image analysis system and process |
US20120083776A1 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-04-05 | Amo Development, Llc | Annular and other ablation profiles for refractive surgery systems and methods |
JP2017513645A (ja) | 2014-04-28 | 2017-06-01 | カーディオフォーカス,インコーポレーテッド | アブレーション処置の際にicg色素組成物を用いて組織を視覚化するためのシステムおよび方法 |
JP2018504154A (ja) | 2014-12-03 | 2018-02-15 | カーディオフォーカス,インコーポレーテッド | アブレーション処置中の肺静脈隔離の目視確認のためのシステム及び方法 |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1362380A (en) * | 1971-11-25 | 1974-08-07 | Mullard Ltd | Manufacture of optical elements |
US4185897A (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1980-01-29 | Frieder Philip M | Prosthetic aspheric spectacle lens for aphakia |
US4729372A (en) * | 1983-11-17 | 1988-03-08 | Lri L.P. | Apparatus for performing ophthalmic laser surgery |
CA1210128A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1986-08-19 | Paolo G. Cielo | Efficient laser generation of surface acoustic waves |
FR2576780B1 (fr) * | 1985-02-04 | 1991-06-14 | Azema Alain | Appareil pour modifier la courbure de la cornee oculaire sur toute la surface pupillaire par ablation photochimique de ladite cornee |
AU606315B2 (en) * | 1985-09-12 | 1991-02-07 | Summit Technology, Inc. | Surface erosion using lasers |
GB8606821D0 (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1986-04-23 | Pa Consulting Services | Corneal reprofiling |
US4724522A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1988-02-09 | Belgorod Barry M | Method and apparatus for modification of corneal refractive properties |
US5019074A (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1991-05-28 | Summit Technology, Inc. | Laser reprofiling system employing an erodable mask |
US4887592A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1989-12-19 | Hanspeter Loertscher | Cornea laser-cutting apparatus |
DD263447A1 (de) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-01-04 | Zeiss Jena Veb Carl | Anordnung zur operativen behandlung der augenhornhaut |
US5102409A (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1992-04-07 | Balgorod Barry M | Method and apparatus for modification of corneal refractive properties |
CA1325832C (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1994-01-04 | Paul R. Yoder, Jr. | Methods and apparatus for laser sculpture of the cornea |
US5152759A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1992-10-06 | University Of Miami, School Of Medicine, Dept. Of Ophthalmology | Noncontact laser microsurgical apparatus |
NL8902485A (nl) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-05-01 | Optische Ind De Oude Delft Nv | Inrichting voor het verschaffen van een bundel laserstraling met een homogene energieverdeling. |
JPH0475654A (ja) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-03-10 | Topcon Corp | 水晶体嚢レーザー切開装置 |
IE912667A1 (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1993-02-10 | Trinity College Dublin | Laser Profiling of Lens Edge |
US5256853A (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-10-26 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Method for shaping contact lens surfaces |
AU4633793A (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1994-01-04 | Summit Technology, Inc. | Correction of presbyopia by photorefractive keratectomy |
-
1994
- 1994-12-08 US US08/351,826 patent/US5613965A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-12-04 WO PCT/US1995/015877 patent/WO1996017566A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-04 ES ES95942575T patent/ES2126960T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-04 AT AT95942575T patent/ATE173389T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-04 JP JP8517754A patent/JPH10510184A/ja active Pending
- 1995-12-04 DE DE69506128T patent/DE69506128T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-04 EP EP95942575A patent/EP0796065B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-04 CA CA002206868A patent/CA2206868C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-04 AU AU43757/96A patent/AU717380B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2206868C (en) | 2004-04-13 |
EP0796065A1 (en) | 1997-09-24 |
CA2206868A1 (en) | 1996-06-13 |
DE69506128T2 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
ES2126960T3 (es) | 1999-04-01 |
US5613965A (en) | 1997-03-25 |
JPH10510184A (ja) | 1998-10-06 |
WO1996017566A1 (en) | 1996-06-13 |
AU717380B2 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
EP0796065B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
AU4375796A (en) | 1996-06-26 |
DE69506128D1 (de) | 1998-12-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69506128D1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur reprofilierung der augenhornhaut | |
US5395356A (en) | Correction of presbyopia by photorefractive keratectomy | |
US5490849A (en) | Uniform-radiation caustic surface for photoablation | |
AU3103993A (en) | Clear axis, segmented multifocal ophthalmic lens | |
EA199800985A1 (ru) | Устройство для создания интерактивного оптического поля и способ формирования интерактивного оптического поля | |
PT900403E (pt) | Lentes monovisao aperfeicoadas | |
KR940013471A (ko) | 안과용 렌즈 및 다중초점 시력 교정 제공 방법 | |
CA2272940A1 (en) | Contact lenses providing improved visual acuity | |
IL103170A0 (en) | Corneal inlay lenses | |
BR9305734A (pt) | Anel córneo intraestromal de espessura variada e processo para selecionar anel cómeo intraestromal | |
ATE116534T1 (de) | Teledioptrisches linsensystem. | |
US6063072A (en) | Methods and systems for correction of hyperopia and/or astigmatism using ablative radiation | |
PT1210003E (pt) | Medicao objectiva e correccao de sistemas opticos que utilizam a analise da frente de onda | |
ES2165479T3 (es) | Lente oftalmica multifocal progresiva. | |
MY113144A (en) | Optical refraction correction methods | |
DE69428807D1 (de) | Verfahren zur auswahl einer vorrichtung zum modifizieren der brechungseigenschaften der hornhaut | |
WO2001024728A3 (en) | Prolate shaped corneal reshaping | |
CA1167672A (en) | Eyeglass lens for correction of nearsightedness | |
FR2389912A1 (en) | Protective spectacle lens construction - reduces light transmitted to peripheral retinal regions using fibre optic patch with hole in centre | |
FR2561004A1 (fr) | Ebauche aspherique pour lentille de lunettes | |
JP2502834B2 (ja) | 眼鏡用レンズ及び眼鏡 | |
RU2051392C1 (ru) | Оптический элемент для коррекции зрения | |
US2095862A (en) | Catadioptric unit | |
JP2024524760A (ja) | 眼鏡または他の眼科用レンズに適用するためのグリン要素を有するフィルム | |
CO4340602A1 (es) | Estructura perfeccionada para gafas protectoras |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |