ATE169719T1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren eines horizontalen loches - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren eines horizontalen loches

Info

Publication number
ATE169719T1
ATE169719T1 AT94929354T AT94929354T ATE169719T1 AT E169719 T1 ATE169719 T1 AT E169719T1 AT 94929354 T AT94929354 T AT 94929354T AT 94929354 T AT94929354 T AT 94929354T AT E169719 T1 ATE169719 T1 AT E169719T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
channel
ball cutter
high pressure
tube
flexible shaft
Prior art date
Application number
AT94929354T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Carl W Landers
Original Assignee
Carl W Landers
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22449835&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=ATE169719(T1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Carl W Landers filed Critical Carl W Landers
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE169719T1 publication Critical patent/ATE169719T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • E21B29/06—Cutting windows, e.g. directional window cutters for whipstock operations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C1/00—Flexible shafts; Mechanical means for transmitting movement in a flexible sheathing
    • F16C1/02—Flexible shafts; Mechanical means for transmitting movement in a flexible sheathing for conveying rotary movements
    • F16C1/04—Articulated shafts

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
AT94929354T 1993-10-01 1994-09-26 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren eines horizontalen loches ATE169719T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/131,526 US5413184A (en) 1993-10-01 1993-10-01 Method of and apparatus for horizontal well drilling

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE169719T1 true ATE169719T1 (de) 1998-08-15

Family

ID=22449835

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT94929354T ATE169719T1 (de) 1993-10-01 1994-09-26 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren eines horizontalen loches

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5413184A (de)
EP (1) EP0720684B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE169719T1 (de)
AU (1) AU7844294A (de)
CA (1) CA2172498A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69412497T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0720684T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2119230T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1995009963A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (65)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6125949A (en) * 1993-10-01 2000-10-03 Landers; Carl Method of and apparatus for horizontal well drilling
US5435400B1 (en) * 1994-05-25 1999-06-01 Atlantic Richfield Co Lateral well drilling
AUPN703195A0 (en) * 1995-12-08 1996-01-04 Bhp Australia Coal Pty Ltd Fluid drilling system
US5692565A (en) * 1996-02-20 1997-12-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for sampling an earth formation through a cased borehole
US5758725A (en) * 1996-05-06 1998-06-02 Streetman; Foy Method and device for enhancing oil and gas flow in a well
US5699866A (en) 1996-05-10 1997-12-23 Perf Drill, Inc. Sectional drive system
US6012520A (en) * 1996-10-11 2000-01-11 Yu; Andrew Hydrocarbon recovery methods by creating high-permeability webs
US20020043404A1 (en) * 1997-06-06 2002-04-18 Robert Trueman Erectable arm assembly for use in boreholes
CA2246040A1 (en) 1998-08-28 2000-02-28 Roderick D. Mcleod Lateral jet drilling system
DE29818289U1 (de) * 1998-10-14 1999-09-23 Tracto Technik Durchlauf-Mischanlage
US6263984B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2001-07-24 William G. Buckman, Sr. Method and apparatus for jet drilling drainholes from wells
US6257353B1 (en) 1999-02-23 2001-07-10 Lti Joint Venture Horizontal drilling method and apparatus
US6283230B1 (en) 1999-03-01 2001-09-04 Jasper N. Peters Method and apparatus for lateral well drilling utilizing a rotating nozzle
US6347675B1 (en) 1999-03-15 2002-02-19 Tempress Technologies, Inc. Coiled tubing drilling with supercritical carbon dioxide
WO2000058599A1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-05 Landers Carl W Method of and apparatus for horizontal well drilling
US6260623B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2001-07-17 Kmk Trust Apparatus and method for utilizing flexible tubing with lateral bore holes
CA2400093C (en) 2000-02-16 2012-03-13 Performance Research & Drilling, Llc Horizontal directional drilling in wells
US6530439B2 (en) * 2000-04-06 2003-03-11 Henry B. Mazorow Flexible hose with thrusters for horizontal well drilling
GB0010008D0 (en) * 2000-04-26 2000-06-14 Reservoir Recovery Solutions L Method and apparatus
NO312255B1 (no) * 2000-06-28 2002-04-15 Pgs Reservoir Consultants As Verktöy for gjennomhulling av et langsgående veggparti av et fôringsrör
US6523624B1 (en) 2001-01-10 2003-02-25 James E. Cousins Sectional drive system
US6419020B1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2002-07-16 Ben Spingath Hydraulic drilling method and system for forming radial drain holes in underground oil and gas bearing formations
US6920945B1 (en) * 2001-11-07 2005-07-26 Lateral Technologies International, L.L.C. Method and system for facilitating horizontal drilling
US7686101B2 (en) 2001-11-07 2010-03-30 Alice Belew, legal representative Method and apparatus for laterally drilling through a subterranean formation
AUPR886401A0 (en) * 2001-11-14 2001-12-06 Cmte Development Limited Fluid drilling head
AU2002952176A0 (en) 2002-10-18 2002-10-31 Cmte Development Limited Drill head steering
US6688702B1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-02-10 Grigori A. Abramov Borehole mining method
US7073577B2 (en) * 2003-08-29 2006-07-11 Applied Geotech, Inc. Array of wells with connected permeable zones for hydrocarbon recovery
US20060278393A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2006-12-14 Horizontal Expansion Tech, Llc Method and apparatus for completing lateral channels from an existing oil or gas well
US7357182B2 (en) * 2004-05-06 2008-04-15 Horizontal Expansion Tech, Llc Method and apparatus for completing lateral channels from an existing oil or gas well
US7455127B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2008-11-25 Kmk Trust Apparatus and method for improving multilateral well formation and reentry
US7703551B2 (en) 2005-06-21 2010-04-27 Bow River Tools And Services Ltd. Fluid driven drilling motor and system
US20070095530A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 Jelsma Henk H Steam energized heavy oil production system
US7422059B2 (en) * 2005-11-12 2008-09-09 Jelsma Henk H Fluid injection stimulated heavy oil or mineral production system
US7669672B2 (en) * 2005-12-06 2010-03-02 Charles Brunet Apparatus, system and method for installing boreholes from a main wellbore
US7441595B2 (en) * 2006-02-07 2008-10-28 Jelsma Henk H Method and apparatus for single-run formation of multiple lateral passages from a wellbore
US7810586B2 (en) 2007-11-19 2010-10-12 Cousins James E Sectional drive and coupling system
US7909118B2 (en) * 2008-02-01 2011-03-22 Rudy Sanfelice Apparatus and method for positioning extended lateral channel well stimulation equipment
CA2673197C (en) * 2008-04-14 2014-08-05 Latjet Systems Llc Method and apparatus for lateral well drilling with enhanced capability for clearing cuttings and other particles
US8770316B2 (en) * 2008-05-20 2014-07-08 Radial Drilling Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for high pressure radial pulsed jetting of lateral passages from vertical to horizontal wellbores
US8186459B1 (en) 2008-06-23 2012-05-29 Horizontal Expansion Tech, Llc Flexible hose with thrusters and shut-off valve for horizontal well drilling
US8074744B2 (en) * 2008-11-24 2011-12-13 ACT Operating Company Horizontal waterjet drilling method
US7690444B1 (en) 2008-11-24 2010-04-06 ACT Operating Company Horizontal waterjet drilling method
CA2671096C (en) * 2009-03-26 2012-01-10 Petro-Surge Well Technologies Llc System and method for longitudinal and lateral jetting in a wellbore
US8752651B2 (en) * 2010-02-25 2014-06-17 Bruce L. Randall Downhole hydraulic jetting assembly, and method for stimulating a production wellbore
US8991522B2 (en) 2010-02-25 2015-03-31 Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc Downhole hydraulic jetting assembly, and method for stimulating a production wellbore
US10260299B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2019-04-16 Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc Internal tractor system for downhole tubular body
US9976351B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2018-05-22 Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc Downhole hydraulic Jetting Assembly
US10227825B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2019-03-12 Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc Steerable hydraulic jetting nozzle, and guidance system for downhole boring device
US10309205B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2019-06-04 Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc Method of forming lateral boreholes from a parent wellbore
EA201300677A1 (ru) * 2012-07-06 2014-03-31 Хенк Х. Елсма Скважинная система разнонаправленного вскрытия и способы ее использования
US9567820B2 (en) 2013-04-09 2017-02-14 Buckman Jet Drilling Inc. Tubular system for jet drilling
CN103195364A (zh) * 2013-04-19 2013-07-10 中国石油大学(北京) 降低井底环空围压提高径向水平井破岩效率的方法及装置
RU2678252C2 (ru) * 2015-01-16 2019-01-24 Сергей Георгиевич Фурсин Способ создания перфорационных каналов в обсаженной скважине
RU2668620C2 (ru) * 2015-06-16 2018-10-02 Сергей Георгиевич Фурсин Способ зондовой перфорации обсаженной скважины
CN106321004B (zh) * 2015-06-30 2019-01-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种水平井连续油管钻塞管柱
CN107288547B (zh) * 2016-04-01 2019-01-11 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种井下钻孔装置
RU2642194C2 (ru) * 2016-05-16 2018-01-24 Павел Иванович Попов Способ повышения углеводородоотдачи пластов и интенсификации добычи нефтегазоконденсатных скважин посредством гидромониторного радиального вскрытия пласта
CN106393448B (zh) * 2016-11-02 2017-12-26 重庆市合川区金星玻璃制品有限公司 具有自动排屑功能的用于玻璃钻孔的钻头
RU2703064C1 (ru) * 2019-02-07 2019-10-15 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет" Способ повышения нефтеотдачи пластов и интенсификации добычи нефти и система для его осуществления
CN110029968B (zh) * 2019-04-08 2020-02-14 中国石油大学(华东) 用于钻取水合物微小井眼并快速完井的装置及工作方法
US11408229B1 (en) 2020-03-27 2022-08-09 Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc Extendible whipstock, and method for increasing the bend radius of a hydraulic jetting hose downhole
US11591871B1 (en) 2020-08-28 2023-02-28 Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc Electrically-actuated resettable downhole anchor and/or packer, and method of setting, releasing, and resetting
US11624250B1 (en) 2021-06-04 2023-04-11 Coiled Tubing Specialties, Llc Apparatus and method for running and retrieving tubing using an electro-mechanical linear actuator driven downhole tractor
RU2770451C1 (ru) * 2021-06-23 2022-04-18 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "СИМБУР" Способ синхронного гидромониторного сооружения множеств дренирующих стволов малого диаметра и устройство его осуществления

Family Cites Families (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1733311A (en) * 1929-10-29 Drill bit
US1367042A (en) * 1919-12-08 1921-02-01 Granville Bernard Drilling apparatus
US1485615A (en) * 1920-12-08 1924-03-04 Arthur S Jones Oil-well reamer
DE485867C (de) * 1927-12-23 1929-11-08 Rueggeberg August Fa Umlaufendes Werkzeug mit geschnittenen Zaehnen
FR702530A (fr) * 1929-08-15 1931-04-10 Perfectionnements aux mécanismes de commande ou de transmission de puissance, agissant à distance
US2065436A (en) * 1936-02-04 1936-12-22 Cecil W Ervin Rotary drill bit
US2271005A (en) * 1939-01-23 1942-01-27 Dow Chemical Co Subterranean boring
US2251916A (en) * 1939-06-12 1941-08-12 Cross Roy Water mining soluble materials
US2345816A (en) * 1940-12-24 1944-04-04 Russell R Hays Hydraulic drilling apparatus
US3191697A (en) * 1953-11-30 1965-06-29 Mcgaffey Taylor Corp Subsurface earth formation treating tool
FR1289136A (fr) * 1960-05-12 1962-03-30 Hoover Ltd Perfectionnements aux mécanismes de transmission
US3262508A (en) * 1963-12-04 1966-07-26 Texaco Inc Hydraulic drilling and casing setting tool
US3958649A (en) * 1968-02-05 1976-05-25 George H. Bull Methods and mechanisms for drilling transversely in a well
US3536151A (en) * 1968-10-21 1970-10-27 Brite Lite Enterprises Inc Earth boring tool
FR2091931B1 (de) * 1970-05-15 1973-08-10 Petroles Cie Francaise
US3670831A (en) * 1970-12-31 1972-06-20 Smith International Earth drilling apparatus
US3840079A (en) * 1972-08-14 1974-10-08 Jacobs Ass Williamson K Horizontal drill rig for deep drilling to remote areas and method
US3838736A (en) * 1972-09-08 1974-10-01 W Driver Tight oil or gas formation fracturing process
US3873156A (en) * 1973-01-15 1975-03-25 Akzona Inc Bedded underground salt deposit solution mining system
FR2232669A1 (en) * 1973-06-06 1975-01-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Drill assembly for boring lateral holes - from a main borehole is guided by a rigid pipe
US3853185A (en) * 1973-11-30 1974-12-10 Continental Oil Co Guidance system for a horizontal drilling apparatus
US4007797A (en) * 1974-06-04 1977-02-15 Texas Dynamatics, Inc. Device for drilling a hole in the side wall of a bore hole
GB1597952A (en) * 1976-12-20 1981-09-16 Sabol K Method of boring lateral channels through a subsurface carbonaceous deposit
US4185705A (en) * 1978-06-20 1980-01-29 Gerald Bullard Well perforating tool
US4445574A (en) * 1980-03-24 1984-05-01 Geo Vann, Inc. Continuous borehole formed horizontally through a hydrocarbon producing formation
US4365676A (en) * 1980-08-25 1982-12-28 Varco International, Inc. Method and apparatus for drilling laterally from a well bore
US4368786A (en) * 1981-04-02 1983-01-18 Cousins James E Downhole drilling apparatus
DE3114612C2 (de) * 1981-04-07 1983-11-10 Hochstrasser, Jürgen, 6600 Saarbrücken Bohrvorrichtung für Hartgestein
US4527639A (en) * 1982-07-26 1985-07-09 Bechtel National Corp. Hydraulic piston-effect method and apparatus for forming a bore hole
US4832552A (en) * 1984-07-10 1989-05-23 Michael Skelly Method and apparatus for rotary power driven swivel drilling
US4890681A (en) * 1984-07-10 1990-01-02 Michael Skelly Method and apparatus for rotary power driven swivel drilling
US4589499A (en) * 1984-07-30 1986-05-20 Behrens Robert N Horizontal drilling apparatus
US4533182A (en) * 1984-08-03 1985-08-06 Methane Drainage Ventures Process for production of oil and gas through horizontal drainholes from underground workings
US4601353A (en) * 1984-10-05 1986-07-22 Atlantic Richfield Company Method for drilling drainholes within producing zone
US4631136A (en) * 1985-02-15 1986-12-23 Jones Iii Reed W Non-polluting non-toxic drilling fluid compositions and method of preparation
US4640362A (en) * 1985-04-09 1987-02-03 Schellstede Herman J Well penetration apparatus and method
US4763734A (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-08-16 Ben W. O. Dickinson Earth drilling method and apparatus using multiple hydraulic forces
BE905265A (nl) * 1986-08-13 1986-12-01 Smet Nik Werkwijze en inrichting voor het maken van een gat in de grond.
GB8630096D0 (en) * 1986-12-17 1987-01-28 Drg Uk Ltd Well drilling
GB2203774A (en) * 1987-04-21 1988-10-26 Cledisc Int Bv Rotary drilling device
US4848486A (en) * 1987-06-19 1989-07-18 Bodine Albert G Method and apparatus for transversely boring the earthen formation surrounding a well to increase the yield thereof
USRE33660E (en) * 1988-02-17 1991-08-13 Baroid Technology Apparatus for drilling a curved borehole
US4836611A (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-06-06 Consolidation Coal Company Method and apparatus for drilling and separating
US5148880A (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-09-22 The Charles Machine Works, Inc. Apparatus for drilling a horizontal controlled borehole in the earth
CA2002135C (en) * 1988-11-03 1999-02-02 James Bain Noble Directional drilling apparatus and method
DE4016386A1 (de) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-03 Baroid Technology Inc Gebogenes bohrloch-motorgehaeuse
US5148877A (en) * 1990-05-09 1992-09-22 Macgregor Donald C Apparatus for lateral drain hole drilling in oil and gas wells
US5165491A (en) * 1991-04-29 1992-11-24 Prideco, Inc. Method of horizontal drilling
US5183111A (en) * 1991-08-20 1993-02-02 Schellstede Herman J Extended reach penetrating tool and method of forming a radial hole in a well casing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0720684A1 (de) 1996-07-10
AU7844294A (en) 1995-05-01
ES2119230T3 (es) 1998-10-01
CA2172498A1 (en) 1995-04-13
DK0720684T3 (da) 1999-05-17
DE69412497T2 (de) 1999-02-11
US5413184A (en) 1995-05-09
DE69412497D1 (de) 1998-09-17
WO1995009963A1 (en) 1995-04-13
EP0720684B1 (de) 1998-08-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE169719T1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren eines horizontalen loches
US8267199B2 (en) Perforating and jet drilling method and apparatus
US5853056A (en) Method of and apparatus for horizontal well drilling
US6125949A (en) Method of and apparatus for horizontal well drilling
US5934390A (en) Horizontal drilling for oil recovery
DE60116755D1 (de) Verfahren zum bohren mit einem futterrohr
DE3782853D1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum steuern der richtung eines schlagbohrwerkzeugs im bohrloch.
ES8200430A1 (es) Aparato para la perforacion de trayectorias curvas e instalacion de entubados de produccion, conducciones o tubos alimentadores en las mismas.
GB2377719A (en) Horizontal directional drilling in wells
WO2006042131A3 (en) Perforation alignement tool for jet drilling, perforating and cleaning
ATE26326T1 (de) Bohreinrichtung, insbesondere zur verwendung im untertaegigen grubenbetrieb.
MXPA03000062A (es) Metodo y dispositivo para realizar una porcion de alojamiento en un deposito.
CA2650632A1 (en) Perforating and fracturing
EP0245971A3 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum hydraulischen Bohren
US5186256A (en) Three directional drilling process for environmental remediation of contaminated subsurface formations
GB2345506A (en) Subsea drill fluid pumping and treatment system for deepwater drilling
JPS56491A (en) Rotary drill and method of drilling thereby
CN212177041U (zh) 一种使用方便的地质扩孔器
EP0742345A3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gewinnen eines Bodenschatzes aus einer Lagerstätte
CN2777176Y (zh) 井下钻孔防卡钻机
WO2000058599A1 (en) Method of and apparatus for horizontal well drilling
CN113217099B (zh) 水力定向顶板切割装置
EP1201875A3 (de) Bohrlochwerkzeug
CN116752934B (zh) 一种钻孔内壁喷涂护孔工艺
SU644915A1 (ru) Установка горизонтального бурени способом гидропрокола

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
UEP Publication of translation of european patent specification
REN Ceased due to non-payment of the annual fee