AT53153B - Process for the electrolytic production of ammonium nitrate from hydrous nitric acid. - Google Patents
Process for the electrolytic production of ammonium nitrate from hydrous nitric acid.Info
- Publication number
- AT53153B AT53153B AT53153DA AT53153B AT 53153 B AT53153 B AT 53153B AT 53153D A AT53153D A AT 53153DA AT 53153 B AT53153 B AT 53153B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- nitric acid
- ammonium nitrate
- electrolytic production
- acid
- hydrous
- Prior art date
Links
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
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Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Ammoniumnitrat aus wasserhaltiger
Salpetersäure.
Bei der elektrolytischen Reduktion von Salpetersäure können bekanntlich die verschiedensten Produkte erhalten werden. Bedingungen, unter denen das letzte Reduktionsprodukt, das technisch wichtige Ammoniumnitrat, aus wasserhaltiger Salpetersäure mit einer technisch brauchbaren Ausbeute ohne Stickstoffverluste erhalten werden kann, sind bisher noch nicht bekannt. Es wurde nun gefunden, dass man diese Reduktion in überraschend glatter Weise folgendermassen durchführen kann.
Man elektrolysiert eine wasserhaltige Salpetersäure von weniger als 30% H N 03-Gehalt bei einer unter 300 C liegenden Temperatur unter Benutzung einer Aluminiumkathode. Diese Bedingungen sind wesentlich. Sowohl bei einer höheren Temperatur wie bei einer höheren Säurekonzentration treten erhebliche Stickstoffverluste auf und geht die Ausbeute zurück. Dagegen kann die Stromdichte in weiten Grenzen gehalten werden.
Diese Reaktion und dieses Verfahren sind nicht zu verwechseln mit der bekannten Erzeugung von Ammoniumnitrat (deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 175480), nach welcher Ammoniak durch
EMI1.1
gebildete Anunoniak in dünne Salpetersäure geleitet wird.
Die Reduktion erfolgt nach der Gleichung :
EMI1.2
Zwecksmässig verfährt man in der Praxis so, dass Anoden, und Kathodenraum durch ein
EMI1.3
Diffusion der Säure oder des Salzes verunreinigt wird. Man könnte diesen Cbelstand dadurch vermeiden. dass man Salpetersäure verwendet. In diesem Falle entweicht aber der entwickelte
EMI1.4
salpetersäue oder salpetriger Säure in verdünnter Salpetersäure anwendet. Vorteilhaft kann man das bei der elektrischen Oxydation des Luftstickstoffes erhaltene Gemisch verwenden. Der anodisch entwickelte Sauerstoff wird dann quantitativ zur Oxydation der niederen Stickoxyde zu reinem
EMI1.5
Störung mit dem Reduktionsprozess verbunden werden kann.
Beispiel.
EMI1.6
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
EMI2.1
Letztere Säure wird durch Zugabe von Untersalpetersäure zu wässriger Salpetersäure hergestellt. Die Anode besteht aus Platin, die Kathode aus Aluminium. Durch Kühlvorrichtungen wird die Temperatur in beiden Teilen der Zelle auf 20 C gehalten. Die Stromdichte beträgt 200 bis 500 Ampere pro Quadratmeter, doch können auch andere Stromdichten Verwendung finden. Nach 9000 Amperestunden ist die Kathodenflüssigkeit alkalisch geworden und enthält jetzt 4'5 kg Ammoniumnitrat.
EMI2.2
102 Ay Lösung vorhanden, also eine 82prozentige Säure nach Zugabe von Untersalpetersäure zu einer neuen Operation.
PATENT-ANSPRÜCHE :
1. Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Ammoniumnitrat aus wasserhaltiger Salpetersäure, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man Salpetersäure von weniger als 30% H N O3Gehalt bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur und unter Verwendung einer Aluminiumkathode elektrolysiert.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
Process for the electrolytic production of ammonium nitrate from hydrous
Nitric acid.
In the electrolytic reduction of nitric acid, a wide variety of products can be obtained as is known. Conditions under which the last reduction product, the technically important ammonium nitrate, can be obtained from hydrous nitric acid in a technically useful yield without nitrogen losses, are not yet known. It has now been found that this reduction can be carried out as follows in a surprisingly smooth manner.
A hydrous nitric acid with less than 30% H N 03 content is electrolyzed at a temperature below 300 ° C. using an aluminum cathode. These conditions are essential. Both at a higher temperature and at a higher acid concentration, considerable nitrogen losses occur and the yield decreases. In contrast, the current density can be kept within wide limits.
This reaction and this process are not to be confused with the known production of ammonium nitrate (German patent specification No. 175480), after which ammonia is produced
EMI1.1
formed anunonia is passed into thin nitric acid.
The reduction takes place according to the equation:
EMI1.2
Appropriately, one proceeds in practice in such a way that the anodes and cathode spaces go through one
EMI1.3
Diffusion of acid or salt becomes contaminated. This could avoid this cbelstand. that nitric acid is used. In this case the developed one escapes
EMI1.4
uses nitric acid or nitrous acid in dilute nitric acid. The mixture obtained in the electrical oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen can advantageously be used. The anodically developed oxygen then becomes quantitatively pure for the oxidation of the lower nitrogen oxides
EMI1.5
Disturbance can be linked to the reduction process.
Example.
EMI1.6
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
EMI2.1
The latter acid is produced by adding subnitric acid to aqueous nitric acid. The anode is made of platinum, the cathode of aluminum. The temperature in both parts of the cell is kept at 20 C by cooling devices. The current density is 200 to 500 amps per square meter, but other current densities can be used. After 9000 ampere hours, the cathode liquid has become alkaline and now contains 4.5 kg of ammonium nitrate.
EMI2.2
102 Ay solution available, i.e. an 82 percent acidity after adding subnitric acid for a new operation.
PATENT CLAIMS:
1. A process for the electrolytic production of ammonium nitrate from hydrous nitric acid, characterized in that nitric acid with an H N O3 content of less than 30% is electrolyzed at ordinary temperature and using an aluminum cathode.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE53153X | 1910-07-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AT53153B true AT53153B (en) | 1912-04-25 |
Family
ID=5627544
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT53153D AT53153B (en) | 1910-07-16 | 1911-07-13 | Process for the electrolytic production of ammonium nitrate from hydrous nitric acid. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT53153B (en) |
-
1911
- 1911-07-13 AT AT53153D patent/AT53153B/en active
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