AT524346B1 - Device for thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material - Google Patents

Abstract

Device (17) for treating carbon-containing material (18), comprising a multi-chamber system (26) with a combustion chamber (1) that can be filled with a mixture (21) and that is equipped with an energy-generating device (11) and a reaction chamber (3). downstream of the reaction chamber (3), an upstream radiation device (12) being provided, with at least one plasma ignition device (37) being provided downstream of this radiation device (12), which plasma ignition device (37) is provided on the downstream side with a mixture (21) fillable reactor (5), a second irradiation device (13) being provided downstream of the reactor (5), a filter device (43) being provided downstream of this irradiation device (13), which filter device (43) is provided on the downstream side with a gasification device ( 469 communicating downstream with the combustion chamber (1) and downstream of the filer A catalytic reaction zone (16) is provided in direction (43), a device (47) for separating the gas stream emerging from the reaction zone (16) being provided downstream of the reaction zone (16).

Description

description

DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL AND CATALYTIC TREATMENT OF CARBON CONTAINING MATERIAL

The present invention relates to a device for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material, with the features specified in claim 1.

Devices are known from the prior art, in which, for example, household waste is burned.

These known devices for incinerating household waste are particularly disadvantageous because the incineration of household waste produces large amounts of carbon dioxide that increases the greenhouse gas problem and is released into the environment.

In some of these known devices, the carbon dioxide produced there is removed from the flue gases in cumbersome, cost-intensive and failure-prone and often only partially effective filter devices.

[0005] US 2010/0004495 A1 describes a process in which carbon-containing organic material is burned and heat is obtained with it and then the CO>-containing exhaust gas is converted into methane and oxygen in a catalytic gas reactor in the presence of water.

[0006] US 2013/264 187 A1 discloses a method in which CO» is converted into organic carbon products using plasma technology.

[0007] US 2012/0 329 657 A1 discloses methods and devices in which a carbon source and a hydrogen source are converted into hydrocarbons using plasma technology.

[0008] US Pat. No. 5,964,908 A describes a system in which gases containing CO are converted to gases containing hydrocarbons with the aid of a synthesis reactor.

[0009] WO 2018/129 426 A1 discloses a method in which gases containing CO are converted into carbon products by means of irradiation and catalysis.

WO 1992/002 448 A1 discloses a method in which a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen using plasma technology.

[0011] JP 2003/027 241 A describes a method in which gases containing CO are converted into combustible gases using plasma technology and by means of catalysis.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device for the thermal and, if necessary, catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material, which does not emit carbon dioxide into the environment and which has a complicated, expensive, fault-prone and often only partially effective filter device for filtering out Carbon dioxide not needed.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a generic device with the features specified in the claim. Particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

Particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention are described in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:

[0015] FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a device according to the invention for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material;

[0016] FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the multi-chamber system (26) of a device (17) according to the invention, including the devices connected to the multi-chamber system (26);

[0017] FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of a reaction chamber (3) of a device (17) according to the invention, in which three reactors (5) arranged next to one another are provided, with flue gases (39) of external origin and those in the reaction chamber (3) and/or or the gases (32) contained in the combustion chamber (1) can be fed to a first irradiation device (12) and then to a plasma ignition device (37) after they have exited (6) from the reaction chamber (3) and/or from the multi-chamber system (26). , wherein this plasma ignition device (37) is connected to a reactor (5) provided inside the reaction chamber (3), the gases being able to be fed to a second irradiation device (13) after they have passed through the reactor (5);

Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of a reactor (5) provided within a reaction chamber (3), wherein between the exit (6) from the reaction chamber (3) or from the multi-chamber system (26) on the one hand and the entry into the reactor (5th ) on the other hand, a first irradiation device (12) and a plasma ignition device (37) are provided and the gases (19) from the reactor (5) can be fed to a second irradiation device (13) after they have exited the reactor (5).

The present invention thus relates to a device (17) for the thermal and preferably catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18).

In particular, the present invention relates to a device (17) for the thermal treatment of carbonaceous material (18), in which a conversion of introduced carbonaceous material (18) into alkanes and/or alkenes and/or alcohols takes place.

In the case of the present invention, “carbonaceous material (18)” is to be understood, for example, as household waste, hazardous waste, industrial waste, oil slate, oil sand, lignite, hard coal or asphalt.

The present invention also relates to a device (17) for the thermal and optionally catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18), in which a radiation-induced conversion of introduced carbonaceous material (18) into alkanes and/or alkenes and/or alcohols takes place .

As a rule, the device (17) according to the invention comprises, for example, one or more multi-chamber systems (26).

One or more combustion chambers (1) are preferably provided in each multi-chamber system (26).

In general, each combustion chamber (1) can be filled continuously or discontinuously with a mixture (21) comprising carbonaceous material (18) and ash (41) and/or residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) and one or comprises a plurality of stabilizers (30).

Each combustion chamber (1) can preferably be designed in the form of, for example, a furnace, a grate furnace, a grate furnace with fixed flat grates or with a feed grate or with a traveling grate or with an underfeed grate or with a stepped grate.

As an alternative to this, each combustion chamber (1) can be designed in the form of, for example, a vertical furnace or a continuous furnace, a rotary kiln, a trammel furnace, a tunnel furnace, a conveyor belt or chain conveyor furnace, a pull-through furnace, a paternoster furnace or a drop chute furnace, with the material intake can be done, for example, by movable pots, movable troughs or movable wagons or movable frames.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, each combustion chamber (1) can be directly or indirectly connected to one or more devices (11) for generating electrical or kinetic energy.

The occurrence of a potential "tar problem or pollution problem" in the area of the device (11) for generating electrical or kinetic energy is prevented by the fact that the gases leave the device (11) for generating energy early and can then also be fed to the device (43) for filtering the flue gases and can subsequently be fed back to the combustion chamber (1) via the gasification device (46).

As can already be seen from FIG. 1, the one or more combustion chambers (1) can be directly or indirectly connected to one or more reaction chambers (3).

Preferably, each reaction chamber (3) and/or each combustion chamber (1) and/or each multi-chamber system (26) can have one or more outlet openings (6). The flue gases (32) present in the reaction chamber (3) and/or in the combustion chamber (1) and/or in the multi-chamber system (26) can be discharged to the outside from these outlet openings (6).

It can already be seen from Figure 1 that in particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, one or more first irradiation devices (12 ) for the irradiation of the fumes (32) emerging from the combustion chamber (1) and/or the reaction chamber (3) and/or fumes (39) of external origin can be provided.

In this first irradiation device (12), for radiation-induced transfer, the smoke gases (32, 39) can be irradiated, for example with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave wavelength range (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and/or the far range (FIR 25 μm to 500 μm). , mid (MIR 2.5 µm to 25 µm) or near (NIR 760 nm to 2.5 µm) infrared wavelength range and/or the UV wavelength range (400 nm to 10 nm) and/or the X-ray wavelength range (100 nm to 10? pm).

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, one or more plasma ignition devices (37) can be provided downstream of the first irradiation device (12).

As a rule, these plasma ignition devices (37) can be directly or indirectly connected downstream to one or more reactors (5) provided outside or inside a reaction chamber (3).

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, the upstream ends (7) of reactors (5) provided inside or outside a reaction chamber (3) can be provided downstream of the plasma ignition device or devices (37).

Preferably, each reactor (5) can be reversibly, continuously or batchwise fed with a mixture (21) of carbonaceous material (18) as well as ash (41) from the ash silo (33) and/or residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) and can be filled with one or more stabilizers (30).

FIG. 4 also shows that the downstream ends (15) of the reactor or reactors (5) can be directly or indirectly connected to one or more other, second irradiation devices (13).

In these second irradiation devices (13), the fumes (19; 32, 39) emerging from the reactor or (5) can be irradiated indirectly or directly with electromagnetic radiation.

The wavelengths of the radiation source in the second irradiation device (13) can be in the microwave wavelength range (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and/or far (FIR 25 µm to 500 µm), medium (MIR 2.5 µm to 25 µm ) or near (NIR 760 nm to 2.5 µm) infrared wavelength range and/or UV wavelength range (400 nm to 10 nm) and/or X-ray wavelength range (100 nm to 10° pm).

FIGS. 1 and 2 show that a filter device (43) can be provided downstream of the second irradiation device (13). In this filter device (43), for example, a synthetic or natural, lipophilic and oily filter medium (44) can be sprayed in the form of a mist.

This filter device (43) can preferably be connected downstream to a carburetor device (46) (see FIGS. 1 and 2) for the removal of gaseous, solid or liquid filter residues occurring during the spraying.

In this one or more gasification devices (46), the gaseous, solid or liquid filter residues can be converted into an aerosol-like, finely divided form.

Typically, the one or more carburetor devices (46) may be in direct or indirect communication downstream with the combustion chamber(s) (1).

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, one or more reaction zones (16) for receiving gases from the filter device (43) can be provided downstream of the filter device (43).

One or more catalyst supports (34) can preferably be provided within each reaction zone (16).

Each catalyst support (34) can carry, for example, the same or different catalyst molecules, each having one or more magnesium atoms and/or tin atoms and/or phosphorus atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or selenium atoms and/or Ruthenium atoms and/or osmium atoms and/or cobalt atoms and/or copper atoms and/or silver atoms and/or titanium atoms and/or chromium atoms and/or tungsten atoms and/or manganese atoms and/or nickel atoms and/or platinum atoms and/or iridium atoms and/or vanadium atoms and/or tantalum atoms and/or gold atoms.

As shown in particular in FIG. 1, one or more single-part or multi-part devices (47) for separating the gas stream exiting from the reaction zone (16) can be provided downstream of the one or more reaction zones (16).

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 4, in particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, a mixture (21) can be fed continuously or discontinuously to the combustion chambers (1) and/or the reactors (5).

In these mixtures (21), the proportion of the carbonaceous material (18) can be, for example, in the range from 70.0% by weight to 95.0% by weight, preferably in the range from 75.0% by weight. % to 90.0% by weight, in particular in the range from 76.0% to 85.0% by weight.

In these mixtures (21), the proportion of one or more stabilizers (30) can preferably be in the range from 4.0% by weight to 30.0% by weight, preferably in the range from 4.5% by weight % to 28.0% by weight, in particular in the range from 5.0% to 26.0% by weight.

As a rule, in these mixtures (21), the proportion of ash (41) and/or residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) can be, for example, in the range from 1.0% by weight to 25.0% by weight %, preferably in the range from 2.0% by weight to 23.0% by weight, in particular in the range from 3.0% by weight to 22.0% by weight.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention with the respective combustion chamber (1) one or more heating devices (14) - for the heating or heating of the respective combustion chamber (1) or for the

Burner firing - directly or indirectly related (see Figures 1 and 2).

These one or more heaters (14) are designed to heat the one or more combustion chambers (1) to a temperature, for example, in the range 800°C to 1500°C, preferably in the range 850°C up to 1400 °C, in particular in the range from 900 °C to 1350 °C, completely or in zones.

In the start-up phase of the device (17) according to the invention, the heating device (14) or burner firing is usually supplied with oxygen and fuel of external origin, among other things.

The heating device (14) then brings the one or more combustion chambers (1) to their “operating temperature” in the aforementioned range of 800° C. to 1500° C. in zones or completely.

Only when this aforementioned operating temperature (800 °C to 1500 °C) has been consistently reached in the respective combustion chamber (1) are the oxygen and fuel required in the process itself obtained from the input materials, for example from the mixture (21). . No external supply is then necessary - or only a significantly reduced supply.

In the combustion chamber(s) (1) not only heating takes place, but actually a targeted combustion directed towards the substance. The substance must also burn out almost completely in order to be able to deliver the required quality of the product.

In the case of the reaction chambers (3) shown in Figures 1 to 4 - as well as in the reactors (5) also shown there running in the reaction chambers (3) - the temperatures there can, for example, be in the range of 250 ° C to 700°C, preferably in the range from 300°C to 650°C, in particular in the range from 350°C to 600°C.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, the one or more reaction chambers (3) and the one or more reactors (5) can be heated by heat generated in the combustion chamber (1) by means of thermal conduction or thermal radiation and/or or external heat supply.

In the case of particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, the stabilizer(s) (30) that can be fed directly or indirectly to the crushing device (23) and/or the mixing device (25) can be selected from the group consisting of MgO, Al;Os, Fe»Os, SiO2, TiO», CaO and/or Na,O - or mixtures thereof.

The introduction of one or more stabilizers (30) in the one or more crushing devices (23) does not destroy them, even if they are designed in the form of one or more rotor impact crushers - as is preferably the case.

The stabilizer or stabilizers (30) can, for example, serve as a grinding aid in the comminution device (23).

There is no unnecessary wear of the crushing device (23) due to the stabilizer (30). The addition of the stabilizer (30) to the comminution device (23) even increases the comminution efficiency of the comminution device (23)—which may be designed in the form of a rotor impact crusher—since material is then broken up by material. It is even necessary to add a stabilizer (30) to the comminution device (23) in order to achieve the very pronounced, desired comminution.

It can be seen in particular from FIG. 1 that in the case of particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, the one or more combustion chambers (1) are connected directly or indirectly via one or more outlet openings (2), each with one or more Reaction chambers (3) can be connected.

From the figures 1 and 2 shows that between each reaction chamber (3) on the one hand and each combustion chamber (1) on the other hand, one or more secondary lines

(4) for the recirculation of combustion gases (32) present in the reaction chamber (3).

The one or more plasma ignition devices (37) shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can, for example, generate plasma in the form of an arc extending in space purely electrically by high-frequency excitation of a carrier medium in the form of air and/or flue gas (32, 39). .

As a rule, the plasma ignition devices (37) are designed, for example, in the form of plasma lances.

These plasma lances (37) can, for example, have a standard diameter in the range from 25.0 mm to 10.0 cm, preferably in the range from 26.0 mm to 8.0 cm, in particular in the range from 27 .0 mm to 7.0 cm.

The lengths of the plasma lances (37) can be, for example, in the range from 0.5 m to 10.0 m, preferably in the range from 1.5 m to 8.0 m, in particular in the range from 2 .0 m to 7.0 m.

Preferably, plasma can be generated at the tips of the plasma lances (37).

In general, the plasma ignition devices (37) can work, for example, on the basis of microwaves and each include a high-frequency generator (magnetron) that is integrated in the lance head.

For example, a plasma lance with an initial ignition spark generator and a supply unit with a connecting line can be connected to this lance head.

The temperature of the generated plasma can be, for example, in the range from 3000°C to 5000°C, preferably in the range from 3100°C to 4700°C, in particular in the range from 3200°C to 4100°C.

The power of the plasma ignition device (37) can be set, for example, as standard in the range from 1.0 kW to 5.0 kW, preferably in the range from 1.5 kW to 4.5 kW, in particular in the range from 2 .0 kW to 4.0 kW.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, one or more compressors (38) can be provided upstream of the plasma ignition device (37) for compressing the carrier medium (external air and/or flue gases 32, 39).

In particular, FIG. 4 shows that the reactors (5) can each pass through the respective reaction chamber (3) in such a way that their upstream ends (7) each essentially terminate with an outside of the reaction chamber (3) or this towards the outside just project beyond, while their opposite, downstream ends (15) directly or indirectly with the same - or another - close the outside of the reaction chamber (3) essentially or this tower slightly beyond to the outside.

The reaction zones (16) shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can, for example, each have a standard length in the range from 0.5 m to 10.0 m, preferably in the range from 0.7 m to 9.0 m. especially in the range of 0.9 m to 8.0 m.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, the residence time of the combustion gases (19; 32, 39) in the respective reaction zone (16) can be, for example, standard in the range from 1.0 seconds to 5.0 minutes, preferably in in the range of 2.0 seconds to 4.5 minutes, especially in the range of 3.0 seconds to 4.0 minutes.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, the coolant stream of each device (8) for condensation can be connected to one or more heat exchangers.

Preferably, this heat exchanger can make the energy recovered from the coolant flow available to one or more devices (14, 11) of the device (17) or for external use.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, shown for example in Figure 1, for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18), one or more single-part or multi-part devices (47) can be be provided for separating the gas stream exiting from the respective reaction zone (16).

These one or more devices (47) for separating a gas stream can, for example, each comprise one or more devices (8) for condensing the flue gases (19; 32, 39).

The solid components (35) occurring in the condensation devices (8) can preferably be feedable to this mixture (21) upstream of the introduction of the mixture (21) into the combustion chamber (1).

As a rule, one or more devices (10) for fractionating the liquid stream (36) generated by the device (8) for condensation can be provided downstream of the device or devices (8) for condensation.

The device (17) according to the invention is designed in such a way that the liquid flow (36) is at a temperature, for example, in the range from 15° C. to 40° C., preferably in the range from 18° C. to 38° C. in particular in the range from 20 °C to 35 °C, the device (10) can be supplied for fractionation.

As a rule, the device (10) for fractionation can separate the liquid stream (36) supplied to it into fractions of different boiling points, for example into alkanes, alkenes and alcohols.

In particular, FIGS. 1 and 2 show that one or more crushing devices (23) for the carbonaceous material (18) to be recycled can be provided upstream of the mixing device (25).

In general, these crushing means (23) can be designed in such a way as to enable the production of particles with a size in the range from 100 µm to 500 µm, preferably in the range from 150 µm to 450 µm, in particular in the range from 200 µm to 400 µm, allow.

The crushing devices (23) can, for example, be based on the principle of coarse crushing, fine crushing, crushing, fine grinding, ultra-fine grinding or colloid grinding and crushing by crushing, grinding, tearing, cutting or triturating—possibly in circulation.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, one or more sieve devices (24) with a size of the sieve openings in the range of 100 μm to 500 μm, preferably in the range of 150 μm, can be installed downstream of the comminution devices (23). to 450 µm, particularly in the range of 200 µm to 400 µm.

Preferably, one or more connections (42) can be provided between the screening device (24) and the comminuting device (23) for returning U-oversize particles.

In the case of particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) according to the invention, one or more stabilizers (30) or mixtures of stabilizers (30) can be added to the one-part or multi-part device (48) for processing the carbonaceous material (18) - Be fed continuously or discontinuously.

The feeding of stabilizers (30) into the device (48) serves in particular to reduce odor nuisances during the crushing processing of the material to be recycled.

the carbonaceous material (18) and to increase the crushing efficiency.

In summary, it can be stated that within the scope of the present invention, a device (17) for the thermal and optionally catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18) is provided, in which, for the first time, carbon dioxide is no longer released into the environment and which involves a complicated, cost-intensive , failure-prone and often ineffective filter device for filtering out carbon dioxide is no longer required.

Claims (10)

patent claims Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18), characterized in that it comprises one or more multi-chamber systems (26), in which one or more combustion chambers (1) are provided, each combustion chamber (1) continuously or discontinuously chargeable with a mixture (21) comprising carbonaceous material (18) and ash (41) and/or residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) and one or more stabilizers (30), each combustion chamber ( 1) each is directly or indirectly connected to one or more devices (11) for generating electrical or kinetic energy, wherein the one or more combustion chambers (1) are directly or indirectly connected to one or more reaction chambers (3), each reaction chamber (3) and/or each multi-chamber system (26) having one or more outlet openings (6), from we The fumes (32) present in the reaction chamber (3) and/or in the multi-chamber system (26) can be discharged, one or more upstream first irradiation devices (12) are provided for irradiating the fumes (32) emerging from the combustion chamber (1) and/or the reaction chamber (3) and/or fumes (39) of external origin, in which an irradiation of the fumes (32, 39) with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave wavelength range (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and/or far (FIR 25 µm to 500 µm), medium (MIR 2.5 µm to 25 µm) or near (NIR 760 nm to 2.5 um) infrared wavelength range and/or UV wavelength range (400 nm to 10 nm) and/or X-ray wavelength range (100 nm to 10? pm), one or more plasma ignition devices (37) being provided downstream of the first irradiation device (12), which are directly or indirectly connected downstream to one or more reactors (5) provided outside or inside a reaction chamber (3). stand, the upstream ends (7) of reactors (5) provided inside or outside the reaction chamber (3) being provided downstream of the plasma ignition device or devices (37), each reactor (5) being reversible, continuous or discontinuous with a Mixture (21) of carbonaceous material (18) and ash (41) from the ash silo (33) and/or residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) and stabilizers (30) can be filled, the downstream ends ( 15) of the reactor or reactors (5) are directly or indirectly connected to one or more other, second irradiation devices (13), in which a Be Radiation of the smoke gases (19) emerging from the reactor or reactors (5); 32, 39) with electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is in the microwave wavelength range (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and/or the far (FIR 25 µm to 500 µm), intermediate (MIR 2.5 µm to 25 µm) or near ( NIR 760 nm to 2.5 µm) in the infrared wavelength range and/or the UV wavelength range (400 nm to 10 nm) and/or the X-ray wavelength range (100 nm to 10 pm), with downstream of the second irradiation device (13 ) a filter device (43) is provided, in which a synthetic or natural, lipophilic and oily filter medium (44) can be sprayed in the form of a mist, the filter device (43) - for the removal of gaseous, solid or liquid filter residues occurring during the spraying - being downstream with a carburetor device (46) in which the gaseous, solid or liquid filter residues can be converted into an aerosol-like, finely distributed form, the carburetor device (46) downstream is directly or indirectly connected to the combustion chamber(s) (1) and one or more reaction zones (16) for receiving gases from the filter device (43) are provided downstream of the filter device (43), wherein within of the reaction zones (16) one or more catalyst carriers (34) are provided, which carry the same or different catalyst molecules, each of which has one or more magnesium atoms and/or tin atoms and/or phosphorus atoms and/or sulfur atoms and /or selenium atoms and/or ruthenium atoms and/or osmium atoms and/or cobalt atoms and/or copper atoms and/or silver atoms and/or titanium tan atoms and/or chromium atoms and/or tungsten atoms and/or manganese atoms and/or nickel atoms and/or platinum atoms and/or iridium atoms and/or vanadium atoms and/or tantalum Atoms and/or gold atoms, one or more single or multi-part devices (47) for separating the gas stream exiting the reaction zone (16) being provided downstream of the one or more reaction zones (16). 2. Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18) according to claim 1, characterized in that the one or more combustion chambers (1) are each provided with one or more heating devices (14) for heating the combustion chambers (1 ) are directly or indirectly connected, which heat the combustion chambers (1) to a temperature in the range from 800 °C to 1500 °C, completely or in zones, the temperatures in the reaction chambers (3) and in the inside of the reaction chambers ( 3) running reactors (5) are in the range from 250 °C to 700 °C, the heating of the reaction chambers (3) and the reactors (5) by heat generated in the combustion chamber (1) by means of thermal conduction or thermal radiation and/or external heat supply takes place. 3. Device (17) for thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the one or more combustion chambers (1) directly or indirectly via one or more outlet openings (2), respectively connected to one or more reaction chambers (3) and that between each reaction chamber (3) on the one hand and each combustion chamber (1) on the other hand there are one or more secondary lines (4) for returning combustion gases (32) present in the reaction chamber (3). are. 4. Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbon-containing material (18) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the one or more plasma ignition devices (37) are purely electrically powered by high-frequency excitation of a carrier medium in the form of air and /or flue gas (32, 39) generate plasma in the form of an arc extended in space, the plasma ignition devices (37) in the form of plasma lances with a standard diameter in the range of 25.0 mm to 10.0 cm and a standard length in the range of 0.5 m to 10.0 m, at the tip of which plasma can be generated and the plasma ignition devices work on the basis of microwaves and each comprise a high-frequency generator (magnetron) which is integrated in the lance head , to which a plasma lance with initial ignition spark generator and a supply unit with connecting line is connected, wherein at a temperature in the range of 3000 °C to 5000 °C, a standard output in the range from 1.0 kW to 5.0 kW can be achieved, with upstream of the plasma ignition device (37) for compressing the carrier medium (external air and/or flue gases 32, 39 ) one or more compressors (38) are provided. 5. Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reactors (5) each pass through the respective reaction chamber (3) in such a way that their upstream ends (7 ) each end with an outside of the reaction chamber (3) or just project outwards, while their opposite, downstream ends (15) end directly or indirectly with the same - or another - outside of the reaction chamber (3) or these outwards just surpass. 6. Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reaction zones (16) each have a standard length in the range from 0.5 m to 10.0 m have m. 7. Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a coolant flow of each device (8) for condensation is connected to one or more heat exchangers, which energy recovered from the coolant flow to one or more facilities (14, 11) of the device (17) or for external use. 8. Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that downstream of the reaction zone (16) one or more single-part or multi-part devices (47) for separating the gas stream exiting from the respective reaction zone (16), these each comprising one or more devices (8) for condensing the flue gases (19; 32, 39), solid components (35) occurring in these condensation devices (8) - on the upstream side before the introduction of the mixture (21) into the combustion chamber (1), - this mixture (21) can be supplied and downstream of the device or devices (8) for condensation, one or more devices (10) for the fractionation of the product produced by the device (8 ) are provided for condensation generated liquid flow (36), wherein the liquid flow (36) at a temperature in the range of 15 ° C to 40 ° C d can be fed to the device (10) for fractionation, the device (10) for fractionation separating the liquid stream (36) supplied to it into fractions of different boiling points 9. Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbon-containing material (18) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that upstream of a mixing device (25) one or more crushing devices (23) for the carbon-containing material to be recycled (18) are provided, which are designed in such a way that they allow the production of particles with a size in the range of 100 microns to 500 microns, wherein downstream of the crushing devices (23) one or more screening devices (24) with a size of Screen openings are provided in the range from 100 to 500 μm, with a connection (42) for returning oversize particles being provided between the screen device (24) and the comminution device (23). 10. Device (17) for the thermal and catalytic treatment of carbonaceous material (18) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the one- or multi-part device (48) for processing the carbonaceous material (18) to be recycled or several stabilizers (30) - or mixtures of stabilizers (30) - can be supplied continuously or discontinuously in order to reduce odor nuisance during the processing of the carbonaceous material (18) to be recycled and to increase the comminution efficiency. 4 sheets of drawings