AT518835A2 - Method for regulating the position of the blades of a disc chipper and arrangement for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

According to an exemplary aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of controlling the counter knife (19) and the rotary knife (3) of a chipper machine comprising a plurality of radial cutting knives (3). In the method, first, the chipper for controlling the cutting blades (3) is prepared. In place of the first knife (3), a first reference knife (14) is placed on at least two control screws (8) of the blade deviations arranged in the blade space (6) of the knife disc (1) and the blade clearance between the reference blade (1). 8) and the counter knife (19), after which the position of the reference knife (14) is controlled such that the clearance of the reference knife (14) and the counter knife (19) over the entire length of the knife gap is the same by at least two control screws ( 8) of the knife deviations are rotated by the holes (15) in the reference knife (14). Finally, the knife clearance is checked.

Description

The invention relates to the control of the knives of a disc chipper that can be used in the production of wood chips and an arrangement by means of which the control of the knives can be carried out according to the method.

Disc chippers are generally used to produce wood chips that are used to produce wood fiber pulp. A disk chipper has a knife disk that has radial knives. The knife disc and the knives attached to it are rotated against a counter knife. When producing the wood chips, the knives of the knife disc press the wood material against the counter knife and cut wood chips of a desired size from the wood. The wood chips are removed from the space between the knives through a radial wood chip opening formed in the knife disc, which lies in front of the cutting knife. As far as the chopping machine is concerned, the condition of the counter knife and the knife components, the bearing of the knife disc, the sufficient rigidity of the parts of the chopping machine, the correct grinding and the regulation of the width of the knives as well as the small size of the free space between the counter knife and the cutting tip of the Knife influences the quality of the wood chips. In the case of large chipping machines, the planarity of the position of the cutting tips of the knives is also an important factor in achieving a good chopping result. By planarity it is meant that the cutting tips of the knives lie in the same perpendicular plane to the axis of the chopping machine. The prerequisite for successful regulation of the knife clearance, i.e. the removal of the counter knife and the cutting knife, is that the knife tips deviate as little as possible from this plane.

[0003] There are several methods for controlling knives in chopping machines. These are described in publications FI 20136114, FI 20070467, US 4194545, US 2889861 and DE 4204077, among others. The known control methods cost a lot

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Time and effort so that there is a need for an improved method of regulating the knives.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is defined by the features of the independent claims. Some specific embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a method for controlling the counter knife and the knife rotating against this of a chopping machine, which comprises a plurality of radial knives, is created, in which method the chopping machine is first prepared for the regulation of the knives. Then, in place of the first knife in the knife chamber of the knife disc, a first reference knife is placed on at least two regulating screws of the knife deviations located in the knife chamber. Next, the knife clearance between the reference knife and the counter knife is measured and the position of the reference knife is regulated in such a way that the clearance of the reference knife and the counter knife is the same over the entire length of the knife gap by turning at least two regulating screws of the knife deviations through the holes in the reference knife become. Finally, the knife clearance is checked.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a method is created in which all regulating screws of the knife deviations are first turned as far as possible, after which two regulating screws of the knife deviations, preferably the inner and the outer in the radial direction of the knife disk, are opened to the same extent and that Reference knife is placed on these open control screws of knife deviations.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a method is created in which any remaining control screws of the knife deflections are opened by tightening the same to the reference knife if there are more than two control screws.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a method is created in which a second reference knife at the location of the second knife, in a manner corresponding to a first reference knife at the location of the first knife,

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SEPPO LAINE OY @ 0008/0046 • · · · ···· ♦ · ···· • ·· · ··· ··· • · · 4 · ····· «·« «>> ·· · When placing the second reference knife in relation to the first reference knife at the end on the side of the inner periphery and at the end the side of the outer periphery of the knives is measured, the position of the second reference knife is regulated to the same as the position of the first reference knife and the remaining knife positions are occupied accordingly.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, a method is created in which the knife position of each knife is occupied by measuring the knife clearance using the reference knife against the counter knife.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, the position of the first and second reference knife is measured with a dial gauge.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention, the arrangement for regulating the counter knife and the knife rotating against this of a chopping machine, which comprises a plurality of radial knives, comprises at least two regulating screws of the knife deviations arranged in the knife chamber of the knife carrier, a first reference knife which is arranged in the width direction has holes through the knife on the regulating screws of the knife deviations, and at least measuring devices for measuring the free space between the counter knife and the

Reference knife.

[0012] According to an eighth aspect of the invention, the arrangement comprises

Gaps for measuring the free space between the counter knife and the

Reference knife.

[0013] According to a ninth aspect of the invention, the arrangement comprises at least one second reference knife and at least one dial gauge for measuring the position of the reference knife.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0014] FIG. 1 shows in cross section a knife disc of a chopping machine, to which some embodiments of the invention are applicable;

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FIG. 2 shows a detail from FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows one that can be used in some embodiments of the invention

Reference knife;

Figure 4 shows the knife disc of Figure 1 with the installed

Reference knife from Figure 3;

Figure 5 shows the knife holder from Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 6 shows the control screw of the knife deviations from Figures 1 and 2.

EMBODIMENTS DEFINITIONS In this context, the length of the knife or the reference knife means the length which runs in the radial direction of the knife disk and the width means the width which is with respect to the longitudinal axis of the knife or the reference knife runs transversely from the cutting tip to the underside of the knife.

The following description relates to the control of the knives of a disc chipper that can be used in the production of wood chips and an arrangement with the aid of which the control of the knives can be carried out in accordance with the method. Slice cutters are to be sharpened at regular intervals by 20 loops. After grinding, the knives are adjusted to a nominal width in a separate clamping device with the help of knife regulating screws, which are located in the underside of the knives. Then the properly regulated tips of the knives basically sit on the same level. In practice, however, this does not happen due to the limited manufacturing accuracy of the cutter disc and the other cutter components. According to the following description, the underside of the knife room is with

With the help of the reference knife on the same level ”, whereby the correctly regulated tips of the cutting knives also settle into the desired level. The tip of the outer and inner edge of the cutting knife can also be controlled independently of one another. When regulating, a reference knife is used as an aid

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the width direction has holes through which the regulating screws of the knife deviations located in the underside of the knife chamber can be turned.

Figure 1 shows a knife disc 1, on which a wear plate 2 and 5, a cutting knife 3 is attached by means of a knife holder assembly. The cutting knife 3 extends in the radial direction of the knife disk 1 and the knife disk 1 has several such knives with their knife holder arrangements. Between the cutting knife 3 and the wear plate 2 there is a wood chip opening for removing the wood chips cut by the cutting knife 3. The 10 cutting knife 3 is fastened to the knife disc 1 by means of a knife holder arrangement, which comprises the knife carrier 5 fastened to the edge of the wood chip opening by means of bolts 4 passing through the knife disc and having an elongated knife chamber 6 (see FIG. 2). In the underside of the measuring space 6 there are bores 7 in which the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations are fitted.

Control screws 8 and corresponding holes must be available to support the cutting knife 3 and the reference knife stably. The regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations are preferably at least in the vicinity of the ends of the cutting knife 3, that is to say next to the inner periphery determined by the end of the cutting knife of the knife disk 1 and next to that of the other end of the

Cutting knife 3 certain outer periphery. The length of the cutting knife 3 determines the need for regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations, in addition to the regulating screws of the knife deviations of the outer and inner periphery there can be at least one regulating screw between them. In the example of the figures, there are a total of four regulating screws, but there can be more if required.

The regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations do not serve to actually receive forces directed at the cutting knife, but the cutting knife is locked in place with a knife press 9 which presses the cutting knife 3 against the knife holder 5. The fixation is done with tightening screws (not shown). The knife is provided with regulating screws 6 of the knife, of which 4-10 pieces typically lie side by side depending on the length of the knife. With the help of the screws 6, the width of the knife of a separate clamping device is adjusted after the grinding before re-assembly in the knife disc 1. The width L of the knife is typically 80-130 mm.

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With careful width control, the width deviation between different knives is less than 0.1 mm.

Figure 1 also shows a counter knife 19. In general, the free space V between the tip 20 of the knife and the counter knife 19 is regulated by moving the counter knife 19 or the entire knife disc 1. The minimum clearance V is typically 0.3 - 0.8 mm, depending on the type of chipper. In previously known methods, the knife clearance V is regulated according to the tip of the knife that is closest to the counter knife 19 and the part of the tip 20 of this knife that is closest to the counter knife 19. In practice, the free space V for the other knives 3 is between 0.4-1.5 mm or even higher. Even in the case of a single knife 3, the free space difference in the tip 20 of the knife located on the inner or outer periphery can be up to 1.0 mm.

On the support 9 of the cutting knife 3, the heads 22 of the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations are arranged as the abutment surface of the knife regulating screws 10. The regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations are as many in number as there are knife regulating screws 10 in the knife 3. The regulating screw 10 of the knife deviations can be, for example, an Allen screw, as shown in FIG. 1. Because of the tortuous bore 7, which runs in the knife carrier 5 in the direction of the knife regulating screw 10, the regulating screw 8 of the knife deviations can be displaced in the width direction L of the cutting knife. Since each regulating screw 8 of the knife deviations can be displaced separately, the abutment surfaces 10 of the cutting knife can be regulated on the same against the axis of the knife disk 1 perpendicular to the imaginary plane 21. In this way, the tip 20 of the correctly width-controlled cutting knife adjusts to the desired imaginary plane 21 with the other knives 3 over its entire length.

It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations are arranged on the knife regulating screws 10, so that when the regulation and positioning have taken place, the ground knife is placed on the knife regulating screws 10 and the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations. For the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations, the designation regulating screw 11 of the inner periphery, which loves on the inner periphery of the knife disk, regulating screw 12 of the outer periphery, based on its placement

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[0028]

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a reference knife 14. Das

Reference knife 14 is quadrangular in cross section, a precisely dimensioned measuring piece which has through-holes 15 in its width direction for the regulation of regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations. In this example, holes 15 are four in number, just as many as the adjusting screws for the knife deviations. In itself, the cross-section of the reference knife can also be other than square, but a square reference knife is probably the easiest to manufacture. In FIG. 4, the reference knife 14 is arranged in the knife chamber 6 of the knife disk 1. FIG. 4 shows how regulating screws of the knife deviations can be regulated through the holes 15 with the aid of a suitable tool, for example an Allen key 16.

FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a knife holder 5 which can be used in some embodiments of the invention. Here, the holes 7 of the regulating screws of the knife deviations, which run parallel to the surface of the knife chamber 6, are remarkable. FIG. 6 shows a regulating screw 8 of the knife deflections, which can also be used in some embodiments of the invention. The outer periphery of the cylindrical screw has a thread that is adapted to the thread of the bore of the knife carrier. At the end of the screw is a recess 17, which in turn is designed for a control tool. The regulating tool can be, for example, the Allen key 16 from FIG. 4. The screw also has a transverse bore 18 for a pin made of nylon or other suitable material. The purpose of the pin is to provide adequate resistance to turning the screw, not turning unnecessarily, but only by turning with a tool.

The changing of the cutting knife 3 and the maintenance of the knife components generally takes place on the opposite side of the axis of the knife disk 1 with respect to the counter knife 19. The regulation of the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations is carried out with the aid of the reference knife 14. The precision-machined reference knife 14 shown in FIG. 3 has the same thickness and typically also the same width L as the cutting knife 3. It can also be one

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have a blunt tip as shown. The reference knife 14 has holes 15 which extend through the reference knife. The regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations are regulated through the holes 15 with the aid of an Allen key 16 or a key corresponding to the type of the screw 8. The diameter 5 of the holes 15 are smaller than the diameter of the head 22 of the regulating screw 8

Knife deviations so that the underside 23 of the reference knife receives support from the head 22 of the support screw.

The control of the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations is carried out by fixing the reference knife 14 in the knife chamber at the location of the actual knife 10 3, as shown in FIG. 4. The free space V with respect to the counter knife is measured at both ends of the knife 3. Then the reference knife 14 is regulated to the desired height and thus to the correct clearance V with the aid of the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations. Known measuring arrangements, for example a dial gauge, which are not shown here, are attached to the frame or housing of the chopping machine, but not to the knife disc 1. With the aid of the

Measuring arrangements can compare the height of the first reference knife 14 with the height of the reference knife placed in other knife rooms and thus its support screws 8 can be regulated in this second knife room. The measure can be carried out with a single reference knife 14, but it is most advantageous to use two 20 reference knives and to hold the first reference knife at the first measuring point as a so-called zero knife until the support screws 8 are regulated by all knife rooms. This ensures the success of the regulation.

With the help of the method, the support surfaces 22 of the knives (the heads of the regulating screws of the knife deflections) are regulated in such a way that the correctly 25-regulated knives 3 are optimally positioned and the knife clearance V for each

Knife 3 becomes identical over the entire length of the knife. The knife clearance V obtained is only dependent on the dimensional accuracy of the knife 3.

Depending on the type of chopping machine and knife arrangement, the adjustable support screws, that is to say the regulating screws 8 of the knife deviations, can be arranged instead of the knife holder 5 on other knife components or directly on the knife disk 1.

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A procedure for changing the knives of a chopping machine and for positioning the knives is presented in detail below.

The tools required for control include 2 pieces of reference knife (= measuring pieces), an Allen key (with T-handle) and 2 pieces

Dial gauges for measuring knife deviations, as well as gap gauges.

The following instruction for the control serves as an example:

1. Loosen all knives of the chopping machine.

2. Turn all regulating screws of the knife deviations from the position of the first knife to the stop.

3. From the position of the first knife only the regulating screws 11, 12 of the

Open the knife deviations of the inner and outer periphery two turns.

4. Place the reference knife (= measuring piece) in the place of the first knife. The reference knife (= measuring piece) now only sits on the regulating screws of the knife deviations of the inner and outer periphery. Tighten the knife press.

5. Turn the knife disc so that the reference knife (= measuring piece) against the

Counter knife comes to rest.

6. Measure the knife clearance with gap gauges normally on both the inner and the outer periphery.

7. Turn the knife disc so that the reference knife (= measuring piece) is returned to its starting position.

8. Open the knife press of the reference knife (= measuring piece).

9. Adjust the regulating screws of the knife deviations of the inner and outer periphery of the reference knife (= measuring piece) so that the knife clearance becomes completely even. The reference knife (= measuring piece) does not need to be removed in between, but the regulation can be carried out through the holes in the reference knife (= measuring piece) with an Allen key.

10. Tighten the knife press of the reference knife (= measuring piece) and check the knife clearance again (points 5, 6 and 7).

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11. If the knife clearance is completely uniform, open the middle control screws of the knife deviations of the reference knife (= measuring piece) through the holes with an Allen key so that they touch the underside of the reference knife (= measuring piece). All control screws of the knife deviations are now at the same height. Please note that too much force must not be applied when turning the screws.

12. Leave the first reference knife (= measuring piece) in place. Use this as a so-called 0 knife with regard to the other knives.

13. From the position of the second knife, turn all adjusting screws of the knife deviations as far as the stop.

14. From the position of the second knife, open the adjusting screws of the knife deviations of the inner and outer periphery two turns.

15. Place the new reference knife (= measuring piece) in the place of the second knife and tighten the knife press.

16. Measure the deviation of the new reference knife (= measuring piece) with dial gauges on the inner and outer periphery with respect to the 0-knife.

17. Loosen the knife press of the second reference knife (= measuring piece).

18. Adjust the regulating screws of the knife deviations of the inner and the outer periphery of the new reference knife (= measuring piece) so that the knife is exactly on the same

Height with respect to the 0-knife comes to lie.

19. Tighten the knife press of the new reference knife (= measuring piece) and check the deviation with regard to the 0 knife using dial indicators.

20. If the knife height is completely identical, open the middle regulating screws of the knife deviations through the holes of the new reference knife (= measuring piece) with an Allen key so that they touch the underside of the reference knife (= measuring piece). All control screws of the knife deviations are now at the same height. Please note that too much force must not be applied when turning the screws.

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···· • · · • · · ·

21. Move the new reference knife (= measuring piece) from the position of the second knife to the position of the third knife, etc. Adjust the positions of the knives one after the other as described above (points 12-20) until all positions of the knives are regulated.

22. Finally remove both reference knives (= measuring pieces).

With the help of the invention, the support surfaces of the underside of the knife spaces are easily and reliably regulated in a uniform position such that the tip of the knife is brought into a vertical plane with other knives with respect to the same axis with respect to the same axis. The regulation is carried out with support screws located in the underside of the knife chamber with the help of separate reference knives. When using the knives that are uniformly regulated over their width, the deviations resulting from the manufacturing inaccuracies can be compensated for with the aid of the regulation of support screws. The invention is suitable for implementation, inter alia, in a chopping machine in which wear plates are used in the cutter disc, which cover the area between the chip openings on the cutter side of the cutter disc. The wear plates can be arranged in an inclined position with respect to the surface of the cutter disc.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY At least some embodiments of the invention can be used to control and maintain hoe machines in the forestry industry.

Claims (9)

claims: 1. A method for controlling the counter knife (19) and the knife (3) rotating against this of a chopping machine which comprises a plurality of radial cutting knives (3), in which method - In place of the first knife (3) in the measuring space (6) of the knife disc (1), a first reference knife (14) is placed on at least two regulating screws (8) of the knife deviations arranged after the knife room, - The knife clearance between the reference knife (8) and the counter knife (19) is measured, - The position of the reference knife (14) is regulated in such a way that the free space of the reference knife (14) and the counter knife (19) is the same over the entire length of the knife gap by at least two regulating screws (8) of the knife deviations caused by those in the reference knife (14 ) holes (15) are rotated, and - the knife clearance is checked. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which all the regulating screws (8) of the knife deviations are first turned as far as possible, after which two regulating screws (8) of the knife deviations, preferably the inner (11) and the outer (12) in the radial direction of the knife disc, are the same open a lot and the reference knife (14) is placed on these open regulating screws (11, 12) of the knife deviations. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which any remaining control screws (13) of the knife deviations by tightening the same to the reference knife (14) are opened if there are more than two control screws (8). 4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, in which a second reference knife (14) is placed at the location of the second cutting knife (3), in a manner corresponding to that at the location of the first cutting knife (3), a first reference knife (14) P.018 / 046 08/06/2017 13:15 08/06 2017 14:24 FAX +358968595644 SEPPO LAINE OY 00019/0046 ·· ·· ···· · · ···· · ·· · ··· ··· • · · * · · ···· • · · · 1A · · ·· • · · · · ·! * + · · ·· ·· ·· ·· ··· ··· ···, the position of the second reference knife (14) in relation to the first reference knife (14) at the end on the side of the inner periphery and at the end on the side of the outer periphery of the cutting knife (3) is measured, the position of the second reference knife (14) is regulated to the same as the position of the first reference knife (14) and the remaining knife positions are occupied accordingly. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, in which the knife position of each cutting knife (3) is occupied by measuring the knife clearance with the aid of the reference knife (14) against the counter knife (19). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, in which the position of at least the first and second reference knife (14) with respect to each other is measured with a dial gauge. 7. Arrangement for regulating the positions of the counter knife (19) and the cutting knife rotating against it of a chopping machine which comprises a plurality of radial cutting knives (3), which arrangement comprises at least two regulating screws (8) arranged in the connection of the knife chamber (6) of the knife carrier (5) ) of the knife deviations, at least one first reference knife (14) which has holes (15) passing through in the width direction of the reference knife (14) on the regulating screws (8) of the knife deviations, and at least measuring devices for measuring the free space between the counter knife (19) and the Has reference knife (14). 8. Arrangement according to claim 7, which arrangement comprises gap gauges for measuring the free space between the counter knife (19) and the reference knife (14) 9. Arrangement according to claim 7 or 8, which arrangement comprises at least a second reference knife (14) and at least one dial gauge for measuring the position of the reference knife (14).