AT513476B1 - Method for operating a range extender for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Method for operating a range extender for electric vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
AT513476B1
AT513476B1 ATA50407/2012A AT504072012A AT513476B1 AT 513476 B1 AT513476 B1 AT 513476B1 AT 504072012 A AT504072012 A AT 504072012A AT 513476 B1 AT513476 B1 AT 513476B1
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Austria
Prior art keywords
generator
combustion engine
internal combustion
range extender
operating
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ATA50407/2012A
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German (de)
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AT513476A1 (en
Inventor
Richard Dipl Ing Schneider
Erwin Dipl Ing Dr Techn Schlemmer
Werner Calisto
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Avl List Gmbh
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Priority to ATA50407/2012A priority Critical patent/AT513476B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2013/069246 priority patent/WO2014044664A2/en
Publication of AT513476A1 publication Critical patent/AT513476A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AT513476B1 publication Critical patent/AT513476B1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/427—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/441—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines Range Extenders für Elektrofahrzeuge, welcher einen Verbrennungsmotor mit einem mechanisch gekoppelten Generator aufweist, wobei die vom Verbrennungsmotor erzeugte mechanische Energie vom Generator in elektrischen Strom umgewandelt und einer elektrischen Speichereinheit zugeführt wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird die mechanische Energie der Verbrennungskraftmaschine in einem Gleichstromgenerator direkt in Gleichstrom umgewandelt, wobei die Spannung des Gleichstroms durch Steuern und/oder Regeln der Drehzahl des Generators oder des Verbrennungsmotors geregelt wird.The invention relates to a method and a device for operating a range extender for electric vehicles, which has an internal combustion engine with a mechanically coupled generator, wherein the mechanical energy generated by the internal combustion engine is converted by the generator into electricity and fed to an electrical storage unit. According to the invention, the mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine is converted directly into direct current in a direct current generator, wherein the voltage of the direct current is controlled by controlling and / or regulating the rotational speed of the generator or of the internal combustion engine.

Description

Beschreibung [0001] Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Range Extenders für Elektrofahrzeuge, welcher einen Verbrennungsmotor mit einem mechanisch gekoppelten Generator aufweist, wobei die vom Verbrennungsmotor erzeugte mechanische Energie vom Generator in elektrischen Strom umgewandelt und einer elektrischen Speichereinheit zugeführt wird. Die Erfindung umfasst weiters eine Range Extender Einheit zum Betrieb eines Elektrofahrzeugs.The invention relates to a method for operating a range extender for electric vehicles, which has an internal combustion engine with a mechanically coupled generator, wherein the mechanical energy generated by the internal combustion engine is converted by the generator into electrical power and fed to an electrical storage unit. The invention further comprises a range extender unit for operating an electric vehicle.

[0002] Vielfach werden Elektrofahrzeug (sowohl Autos als auch Zweiradfahrzeuge, wie Elektro-Scooter) hergestellt, die elektromotorisch angetrieben sind. Die Betriebsenergie stammt dabei aus einer im Elektrofahrzeug angeordneten aufladbaren Batterie oder Akkumulator, wobei dieser elektrische Energiespeicher während des Stillstandes des Elektrofahrzeuges am Stromnetz aufgeladen wird. Um die Reichweite derartiger Elektrofahrzeuge - die durch die begrenzte Kapazität herkömmlicher elektrischer Energiespeicher meist auf einen Bereich unter 200km beschränkt ist - beträchtlich auszuweiten, ist es üblich im Fahrzeug einen Range Extender anzuordnen, der im Wesentlichen aus einer Verbrennungsmotor- Generator-Einheit besteht. Der Verbrennungsmotor wird meist mit Benzin oder Diesel betrieben, sodass die Reichweite des Elektrofahrzeugs unter Nutzung des dichten Tankstellennetzes beliebig erweiterbar ist.In many cases, electric vehicle (both cars and two-wheeled vehicles, such as electric scooters) are produced, which are driven by an electric motor. The operating energy comes from a rechargeable battery or accumulator arranged in the electric vehicle, this electric energy accumulator being charged to the power grid during the stoppage of the electric vehicle. In order to extend the range of such electric vehicles - which is limited by the limited capacity of conventional electrical energy storage mostly to a range below 200km - considerably expand, it is common to arrange a range extender in the vehicle, which consists essentially of an internal combustion engine generator unit. The internal combustion engine is usually operated with gasoline or diesel, so that the range of the electric vehicle using the dense network of filling stations is arbitrarily expandable.

[0003] Range Extender gemäß Stand der Technik werden meist bei einer (oder mehreren) konstanten Drehzahlen betrieben, um einen effizienten Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors in verschiedenen Leistungsstufen zu gewährleisten. Da die Ausgangsspannung des Generators von dessen Drehzahl abhängig ist, muss der Spannungspegel des Ladestroms für eine optimale Aufladung des elektrischen Energiespeichers durch eine Leistungselektronik geregelt werden, die geeignet ist die Wechselspannung des Generators in eine Gleichspannung geeigneter Spannungshöhe umzuwandeln. Wenn der Generator des Range Extenders gleichzeitig auch als Starter für den Verbrennungsmotor verwendet werden soll, muss ein bidirektionaler Inverter eingesetzt werden.Prior art range extenders are usually operated at one (or more) constant speeds to ensure efficient operation of the internal combustion engine at various power levels. Since the output voltage of the generator is dependent on its speed, the voltage level of the charging current for optimum charging of the electrical energy storage must be controlled by a power electronics, which is suitable to convert the AC voltage of the generator into a DC voltage of suitable voltage level. If the range extender generator is also to be used as a starter for the combustion engine, a bidirectional inverter must be used.

[0004] Aus der DE 10 2010 039 653 A1 ist beispielsweise ein Range Extender für ein Elektrofahrzeug beschrieben, welcher einen Verbrennungsmotor und einen hiermit gekoppelten elektrischen Generator umfasst. Die elektrische Energie des Generators wird zum Laden eines Litium-Ionen-Akkus und/oder zum Ansteuern der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine des Fahrzeugs verwendet. Bei der Ansteuerung des Range Extenders wird eine prädikative Betriebsstrategie betrieben, wobei unter Einbeziehung eines im Fahrzeug vorhandenen Navigationsgerätes optimale Betriebszeiten für den Betrieb des Range Extender ermittelt werden. Eine ähnliche Betriebsstrategie wird mit der Range Extender Anordnung gemäß FR 2 941 424 A1 verfolgt.From DE 10 2010 039 653 A1, for example, a range extender for an electric vehicle is described, which includes an internal combustion engine and an electric generator coupled thereto. The electrical energy of the generator is used to charge a lithium-ion battery and / or to drive the electric drive machine of the vehicle. When driving the range extender, a predicative operating strategy is operated whereby, with the inclusion of a navigation device present in the vehicle, optimal operating times for the operation of the range extender are determined. A similar operating strategy is pursued with the range extender arrangement according to FR 2 941 424 A1.

[0005] Weiters ist aus der WO 2011/082943 A1 ein Range Extender für ein Kraftfahrzeug bekannt geworden, das ausschließlich von einem Elektromotor mittels elektrischer Energie aus einem Energiespeicher betrieben wird, wobei zur Erweiterung der Reichweite eine Verbren-nungsmotor-Generator-Einheit eingesetzt wird. Die mechanische Energie wird von einem Verbrennungsmotor erzeugt und von einer permanentmagneterregten Synchronmaschine in elektrische Energie umgewandelt. Der Verbrennungsmotor ist mit dem Generator mittels einer Antriebswelle mechanisch verbunden. Der Generator erzeugt Wechselstrom, der von einem ungesteuerten Gleichrichter in Gleichstrom umgewandelt wird. Die Spannung des vom Gleichrichter zur Verfügung gestellten Gleichstroms wird über die Regelung der Drehzahl des Generators an die aktuellen Erfordernisse des Energiespeichers angepasst, sodass mit einem ungesteuerten Gleichrichter anstelle eines aufwändigeren und teureren Pulswechselrichters das Auslangen gefunden werden kann. In diesem Fall kann der Generator nicht als Starter verwendet werden.Furthermore, from WO 2011/082943 A1 a range extender for a motor vehicle has become known, which is operated exclusively by an electric motor by means of electrical energy from an energy storage device, wherein a combustion motor-generator unit is used to extend the range , The mechanical energy is generated by an internal combustion engine and converted by a permanent magnet synchronous machine into electrical energy. The internal combustion engine is mechanically connected to the generator by means of a drive shaft. The generator generates alternating current, which is converted into direct current by an uncontrolled rectifier. The voltage of the DC supplied by the rectifier is adjusted by regulating the speed of the generator to the current requirements of the energy storage, so that can be found with an uncontrolled rectifier instead of a more complex and expensive PWM inverter Auslangen. In this case, the generator can not be used as a starter.

[0006] Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es eine Range Extender Einheit der eingangs beschriebenen Art weiter zu vereinfachen und ein Verfahren zum optimalen Betrieb eines derartigen Range Extenders vorzuschlagen, welches insbesondere beim Betrieb von zweirädrigen Elektrofahrzeugen, beispielsweise Elektroroller, eingesetzt werden kann.The object of the invention is to further simplify a range extender unit of the type described above and to propose a method for optimal operation of such a range extender, which in particular in the operation of two-wheeled electric vehicles, such as electric scooter, can be used.

[0007] Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die mechanische Energie der Verbrennungskraftmaschine in einem Gleichstromgenerator direkt in Gleichstrom umgewandelt wird, wobei die Spannung des Gleichstroms durch Steuern und/oder Regeln der Drehzahl des Generators oder des Verbrennungsmotors geregelt wird.This object is achieved in that the mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine is converted directly into direct current in a direct current generator, wherein the voltage of the direct current is controlled by controlling and / or regulating the speed of the generator or the internal combustion engine.

[0008] Eine erfindungsgemäße Range Extender Einheit mit einem Verbrennungsmotor, einem damit mechanisch gekoppelten Generator, einem Kraftstofftank, einer elektrischen Speichereinheit und einer Regeleinrichtung zur Regelung der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors oder des Generators zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Generator eine Gleichstrommaschine ist, die einen Ladestrom erzeugt, dessen Spannung direkt über die Drehzahlregelung des Verbrennungsmotors oder des Generators regelbar ist.A range extender unit according to the invention with an internal combustion engine, a mechanically coupled generator, a fuel tank, an electrical storage unit and a control device for controlling the speed of the internal combustion engine or the generator is characterized in that the generator is a DC machine, the one Charging current generated, the voltage is directly controlled by the speed control of the internal combustion engine or the generator.

[0009] Eine weitere Regelungsmöglichkeit bietet sich durch Einstellen des Erregerstroms bei einer elektrisch erregten Gleichstrommaschine an.Another control option offers itself by adjusting the excitation current at an electrically excited DC machine.

[0010] Im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik erzeugt der erfindungsgemäße Range Extender durch die Verwendung einer Gleichstrommaschine direkt elektrischen Gleichstrom, sodass ein Gleichrichter entfallen kann. Der Einsatz aufwändiger Leistungselektronik kann somit entfallen. Die für den Ladestrom benötigte elektrische Spannung wird durch Regelung der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors erzielt, welcher bevorzugt mit dem Generator eine gemeinsame Antriebswelle aufweist. Die Regelung der Drehzahl des Generators kann allerdings auch mit Hilfe eines Getriebes zwischen Verbrennungsmotor und Generator durchgeführt werden.In contrast to the prior art, the range extender according to the invention generated by the use of a DC machine directly direct electrical current, so that a rectifier can be omitted. The use of complex power electronics can thus be omitted. The electrical voltage required for the charging current is achieved by regulating the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine, which preferably has a common drive shaft with the generator. However, the regulation of the speed of the generator can also be carried out with the aid of a transmission between the engine and the generator.

[0011] Weiters kann der Erregerstrom der Gleichstrommaschine als Regelgröße verwendet werden.Furthermore, the exciter current of the DC machine can be used as a controlled variable.

[0012] Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Drehzahl des Generators oder des Verbrennungsmotors in Abhängigkeit von aktuellen Kenngrößen der elektrischen Speichereinheit wie Ladezustand (SOC) State of Health (SOH), Spannung, Strom, Temperatur etc. bzw. in Abhängigkeit vom aktuellen Betriebszustand des Elektrofahrzeugs wie Antrieb, Rekuperation oder Leerlauf und/oder von Umgebungsdaten wie Temperatur, Zustand der Antriebseinheit des Fahrzeugs oder durch Navigationssysteme abfragbare Routen- und Geländeinformationen etc.According to the invention, the control and / or regulation of the rotational speed of the generator or of the internal combustion engine takes place as a function of current parameters of the electrical storage unit such as state of health (SOH) charge state, voltage, current, temperature, etc. or in dependence on current operating state of the electric vehicle such as drive, recuperation or idling and / or environmental data such as temperature, state of the drive unit of the vehicle or by navigation systems interrogatable route and terrain information, etc.

[0013] Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von schematischen Darstellungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen: [0014] Fig. 1 ein Systembild der Range Extender Einheit in einem zweirädrigen Elektrofahr zeug sowie [0015] Fig. 2 eine detaillierte schematisierte Systemdarstellung der Range Extender Einheit.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to schematic representations. 1 shows a system image of the range extender unit in a two-wheeled electric vehicle, and [0015] FIG. 2 shows a detailed schematized system representation of the range extender unit. [0015] FIG.

[0016] Die schematische Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt eine Range Extender Einheit RE für ein Elektrofahrzeug EV, beispielsweise einen Elektroroller, mit einem durch einen Elektroantrieb ED angetriebenen Hinterrad RW und einem Vorderrad FW. Die Range Extender Einheit RE bezieht Kraftstoff aus einem Kraftstofftank GT und liefert den Ladestrom an die Energiespeichereinheit BAT. Weiters werden über die Energiespeichereinheit BAT zusätzlicher Verbraucher AUX des Elektrofahrzeugs EV versorgt. Die Fahrzeugsteuereinheit ist mit VCU gekennzeichnet.The schematic representation of FIG. 1 shows a range extender unit RE for an electric vehicle EV, such as an electric scooter, with a driven by an electric drive ED rear wheel RW and a front wheel FW. The range extender unit RE draws fuel from a fuel tank GT and supplies the charging current to the energy storage unit BAT. Furthermore, additional consumers AUX of the electric vehicle EV are supplied via the energy storage unit BAT. The vehicle control unit is identified by VCU.

[0017] Fig. 2 zeigt die Range Extender Einheit RE mit allen wesentlichen Bestandteilen. Der Verbrennungsmotor ICE ist über eine Welle W mechanisch mit dem Gleichstromgenerator GEN gekoppelt und erzeugt den Ladestrom für eine elektrische Speichereinheit BAT, wobei die Regeleinrichtung ECU zur Regelung der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors ICE vorgesehen ist.Fig. 2 shows the range extender unit RE with all the essential components. The internal combustion engine ICE is coupled via a shaft W mechanically to the DC generator GEN and generates the charging current for an electrical storage unit BAT, wherein the control device ECU is provided for controlling the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine ICE.

[0018] Bei Elektrofahrzeugen, die mit einem Range Extender RE ausgestattet sind, wird dieser in der Regel ohne Interaktion des Fahrers aktiviert, gesteuert über die Regeleinrichtung ECU, die die Kenndaten des Energiespeichers BAT, des Verbrennungsmotors ICE und die Zustandsdaten des Kraftstoffventils FCV zwischen Kraftstofftank GT und Verbrennungsmotor ICE aufnimmt. Damit kann die Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors auf einfache Weise über eine Regelung der Kraftstoffzufuhr zum Verbrennungsmotor durchgeführt werden.In electric vehicles equipped with a range extender RE, this is usually activated without interaction of the driver, controlled by the control unit ECU, the characteristics of the energy storage BAT, the internal combustion engine ICE and the state data of the fuel valve FCV between the fuel tank GT and internal combustion engine ICE receives. Thus, the control and / or regulation of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine can be carried out in a simple manner via a regulation of the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine.

[0019] Weitere in Fig. 2 verwendete Bezugszeichen haben folgende Bedeutung: q* - gewünschte Flussrate des Kraftstoffs q_ - aktuelle Flussrate des Kraftstoffs nlCE - Motordrehzahl T ICE - Motortemperatur T_G - Generatortemperatur T A - Umgebungstemperatur T_B - Batterietemperatur l_B - Batteriestrom V_B - Batteriespannung i_B - Ladestrom v_B - Ladespannung [0020] Während des Ladebetriebs wird der Spannungslevel des Ladestroms über die Drehzahl nlCE des Verbrennungsmotors ICE in Abhängigkeit der aus Fig. 2 erkennbaren Eingangsgrößen in die Regeleinheit ECU geregelt. Die Kenngrößen der Energiespeichereinheit BAT werden entweder von einem Batteriemanagementsystem BMS oder durch separate Sensoren zur Verfügung gestellt.Further reference symbols used in FIG. 2 have the following meaning: q * desired fuel flow rate q_ current fuel flow rate nlCE-engine speed T ICE-engine temperature T_G-generator temperature TA-ambient temperature T_B-battery temperature l_B-battery current V_B-battery voltage i_B - Charging current v_B - charging voltage During charging operation, the voltage level of the charging current via the rotational speed nlCE of the internal combustion engine ICE in response to the recognizable from Fig. 2 input variables in the control unit ECU is controlled. The characteristics of the energy storage unit BAT are made available either by a battery management system BMS or by separate sensors.

[0021] Der Gleichstromgenerator GEN kann bevorzugt als Permanentmagnet- Gleichstrommotor mit Bürsten ausgeführt sein.The DC generator GEN may preferably be designed as a permanent magnet DC motor with brushes.

[0022] Die Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Drehzahl des Generators oder des Verbrennungsmotors wird beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von aktuellen Kenngrößen der elektrischen Speichereinheit wie Ladezustand (SOC) State of Health (SOH), Spannung v_B, Strom i_B, Temperatur T B etc. durchgeführt.The control and / or regulation of the speed of the generator or of the internal combustion engine, for example, in dependence on current characteristics of the electrical storage unit such as state of health (SOH) charge state (SOH), voltage v_B, current i_B, temperature T B, etc. performed.

[0023] Der Startgenerator kann durch den Gleichstromgenerator GEN des Range Extenders RE ersetzt werden, wenn dieser in einem ersten Betriebsmodus als Starter für den Verbrennungsmotor ICE und in einem zweiten Betriebsmodus als Lademotor zur Aufladung der elektrischen Speichereinheit BAT dient.The start generator can be replaced by the DC generator GEN of the range extender RE, if it serves as a starter for the internal combustion engine ICE in a first operating mode and in a second operating mode as a charging motor for charging the electrical storage unit BAT.

[0024] Mit einem Batteriemodell BMod kann die Steuerung an unterschiedliche Batterieeigenschaften angepasst werden, die beispielsweise durch Alterung des Energiespeichers auftreten können.With a battery model BMod, the controller can be adapted to different battery properties that can occur, for example, by aging of the energy storage.

ATA50407/2012A 2012-09-21 2012-09-21 Method for operating a range extender for electric vehicles AT513476B1 (en)

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AT516418B1 (en) 2014-11-10 2016-07-15 Technische Universität Graz A method of operating a device for supplying power to an electrical load in island operation
CN105882429B (en) * 2016-05-24 2018-04-06 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Electric automobile and maintenance control method and system for range extender in electric automobile
CN112356819B (en) * 2019-10-23 2022-05-27 万向集团公司 Range extender power following control method for new energy automobile

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