AT501049A4 - METHOD FOR ACYLATING AN IN PARTICULAR CELLULOSE AND / OR HEMICELLULOSE AND / OR LIGNIN EFFECTIVE MATERIAL AND MATERIAL THEREFORE AVAILABLE - Google Patents

Description

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Process for the acylation of a material, in particular cellulose and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin, and material obtainable therefrom

The invention relates to a process for the acylation of a particular cellulose 5 and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin-containing material.

Furthermore, the invention relates to an acylated material.

Finally, the subject of the invention is a composite material containing a cellulose and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin-containing material and a thermoplastic.

Cellulosic, hemicellulose and / or lignin-containing materials, for example wood, are important renewable raw materials and not only can they themselves be used as such but also serve as important base materials for the production of composites, for example wood-polymer composites or particleboard materials , Such composites are cost effective alternatives to plastics and can replace them in many applications. Compared with pure plastics, however, composites based on cellulose and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin-containing materials and polymers as base components are generally less dimensionally stable, especially at high humidity, less resistant to weathering and fungi and less hydrophobic, which is due to the Share of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin in 25 composite material is due.

In order to improve the properties of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin-containing materials in this regard, numerous processes for the acetylation or acylation of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin 30-containing materials have already been proposed. In such procedures are free

Ester hydroxyl groups of a material, whereby a desired modification of the properties of the material is to be achieved.

In the case of acetylation, esterification is carried out exclusively with acetate group-containing reactants 35, while in the case of an acylation any groups serve for esterification. 1-6 ¢ 6 < s > o ν c c © ο © oec «o co © © c e» © e © e © © o © © ¢, o © © e e < © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ec ec © © © © e © & © e-c e © © © eo ¢: can. In the context of the present invention, the broad term acylation includes the specific term acetylation.

It is known in the art to react cellulosic materials such as wood with 5% acetic anhydride at temperatures of at least about 120 ° C to obtain acetylated materials (e.g., U.S. 5,525,721 or U.S. 5,431,868).

According to WO 2004048417, it has been proposed to react wood with isopropenyl acetate at temperatures of 50 to 125 ° C. and reaction times of 0.2 to 6 hours in the presence of an acid catalyst in order to obtain acetylated wood.

In addition to the methods of acetylation known from the aforementioned documents, methods for the acylation of cellulosic materials with acid anhydrides or acid chlorides have become known. 15

The abovementioned processes, especially with acetic anhydride or with acid anhydrides or acid chlorides, for the acylation of cellulose and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin-containing materials have the disadvantages that the high degrees of acylation are only possible under relatively drastic reaction conditions, for example high temperatures and / or high pressures. be achieved.

Another disadvantage of the known methods is that such acylated materials can be insufficiently water-repellent and may absorb water under certain circumstances. If such materials are processed with polymers into composite materials 25, this disadvantage also occurs in these: Corresponding composite bodies can then be insufficiently dimensionally stable or deform, in particular, at high atmospheric humidity without the action of a load.

Based on this, the object of the invention is to provide a generic process with which acylation of free hydroxyl groups can be carried out to a high degree under mild reaction conditions and water-repellent materials are obtainable which can be processed with a thermoplastic material to form a dimensionally stable composite material. -2-

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Another object of the invention is to provide an acylated material which is hydrophobic and processable with a thermoplastic into a dimensionally stable composite. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a composite material which contains a cellulose and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin-containing material and a thermoplastic and which is highly water-repellent and dimensionally stable and has good fungal resistance. The procedural object solves a method according to claim 1. Advantageous variants of a method according to the invention are set forth in claims 2 to 20.

The advantages achieved by the invention can be seen in particular in the fact that in the case of an acylation with a mixture of isopropenyl acetate and a carboxylic acid / a carboxylic acid anhydride, the same degree of acylation is achieved under milder reaction conditions, ie lower temperature and / or lower pressure and / or shorter reaction times can be achieved than before. Thus, for example, a reaction according to the invention with a mixture of isopropenyl acetate and acetic acid leads to the same degree of esterification in comparison with a reaction with isopropenyl acetate under milder reaction conditions. It is also advantageous that acylated materials which have a higher hydrophobicity than materials treated with isopropenyl acetate can be obtained on the basis of a carboxylic acid (s) or one or more carboxylic anhydrides (s) intended for a reaction. As a result, according to the invention acylated materials can be processed with a thermoplastic material to form a composite material which is dimensionally stable.

Since isopropenyl acetate is a complicated to prepare compound, another advantage is the fact that now a part of this complex compound is replaced with simultaneous improvement in the reaction conditions by simple to produce carboxylic acids or carboxylic anhydrides compared with a conventional isopropenyl based method. -3- © e ^ © fe σ ©© «. © © ©» © © © e e? © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ec © © © e © «-

A reaction of the material to be acylated can take place in the liquid phase or via the gas phase, it being possible for reaction temperatures to be between 20 and 200 eC. Even in the case of a small-sized material, a reaction time of 2 minutes is required to reach a sufficient degree of acylation to 5, therefore, a minimum reaction time is appropriately sized. A reaction time of more than 48 hours brings no increase in the degree of acylation, but can lead to an impairment of the material used by permanent contact with the reaction medium, which is why a maximum reaction time is 48 hours. 10

The process can be carried out at any pressure, in practice, a pressure in the range of 1 to 20 bar has proved to be favorable.

As carboxylic acids, it is possible to use any desired carboxylic acids, including polycarboxylic acids and carboxylic acids having further functional groups, as long as acylation is possible. Preference is given to using C 2 -C 22 -carboxylic acids. With increasing molecular weight or increasing size of carboxylic acids, these are less able to penetrate into the material to be acylated during the reaction and to react with hydroxyl groups in the interior of the material. Carboxylic acids 20 with more than 22 carbon atoms therefore carry little to a high

Acylierungsgrad at, therefore, preferably C2-C22 carboxylic acids are used.

In a preferred variant of the process according to the invention, the mixture contains at least one C 1 -C 5 -alkanecarboxylic acid and / or one C 3 -C 12 -alkenecarboxylic acid and furthermore comprises a C 1 -C 4 -alkanecarboxylic acid and / or C 6 -C 22 -alkenecarboxylic acid. The low molecular weight C2-Cs alkanecarboxylic acid and / or a C3-Ce-alkenecarboxylic acid on the one hand can cause swelling of the material, which is more readily accessible in the swollen state for the acylating agent, resulting in higher degrees of acylation. The longer chain C6-C22-30 alkanecarboxylic acid and / or C6-C22 alkenecarboxylic acid, on the other hand, cause high hydrophobicity of the acylated material.

In this connection, it may be particularly advantageous to first add isopropenyl acetate and the C 2 -C 5 -alkanecarboxylic acid and / or the C 3 -C 6 -35 -alkenecarboxylic acid and react with the material, followed by reaction · # Ee $ e 4 Φβ t, eee «« «0 · · fece © e« e «« © e © © © ® The Ce-C22 carboxylic acid is added and reacted. In this variant, the inner of the material is first predominantly acylated, whereas the subsequent addition of the Ce-C22-alkanecarboxylic acid and / or QC ^ -alkenecarboxylic acid causes an acylation primarily in the region of the outer surface of the material, so that an acylated material with a particular apolar surface is created.

It may be advantageous if the mixture contains a) 20 to 80% by mass of isopropenyl acetate and b) 80 to 20% by mass of one or more carboxylic acid (s) and / or one or more carboxylic anhydrides, because with such When mixed, an optimum degree of acylation and hydrophobicity under mild reaction conditions is achieved.

The catalyst used may be an inorganic acid, in particular hydrogen chloride, phosphoric acid or boric acid. 15

Alternatively, it is possible to use an organic acid or one of its salts, such as sodium acetate or an acyl halide.

The catalyst may alternatively be a base of the alkali type or one of its salts 20 and / or a quaternary ammonium compound.

It is also possible to use a zeolite or a chlorosilane as a catalyst. Finally, it is also possible that the catalyst is an aromatic sulfonic acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or a Lewis acid such as zinc chloride.

A concentration of the catalyst is suitably in the range of 0.002 to 5 mol per kg of reaction mixture. 30

In order to achieve as complete acylation as possible, it is advantageous to continuously remove acetone formed during the reaction.

Alternatively, acetone formed during the reaction may be left in the reaction mixture and / or acetone may be added. -Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä Sä β β β β β β β β β © © © © © © © © Such a procedure proves to be favorable if, after the reaction, an acylated material is as free of prone as possible acid residues 5 The material used may be wood in the form of solid wood such as beams, planks, squared timbers, veneers or the like massive pieces of wood.The material may also be in the form of wood particles such as wood chips, wood fibers and / or wood flour or as pulp, in which cases a high degree of acylation can be achieved with short reaction times

A method according to the invention can preferably also be used when the material is present as a fiber or as a fabric, in particular as a textile. Cellulosic chemical fibers such as viscose fibers, Cuprofasem, Lyocellfasem or the like can be used. Incidentally, the material can be in the form of 15 vegetable seed fibers, fruit fibers, leaf fibers or bast fibers such as jute,

Cotton, kenaf, coconut, flax, hemp, ramie, sisal or the like.

Particularly in the case of textiles and solid pieces of wood, it may be favorable if, in a first step, the material is wetted or impregnated with the mixture and, in a second step, the mixture is reacted with the material. This results in an acylation primarily of the surface of the material used, which is sufficient for specific applications.

The further object of the invention to provide an acylated material which is hydrophobic and can be processed with a thermoplastic to form a dimensionally stable composite material is achieved by a material according to claim 21.

The advantages of a material according to the invention can be seen, in particular, in the fact that a strongly hydrophobic material is provided in which at least a part 30 of originally present hydroxyl groups is esterified by means of isopropenyl acetate and at least one carboxylic acid or one carboxylic acid anhydride. By a proportionate Verersterung by means of carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride not only a higher degree of acylation and a high hydrophobicity due, but also causes the material may be less polar than with Isopropenylacetat 35 treated material. A diminished polarity has a subsequent effect on a "6". c e «: c &lt; co © e & <s "s" · &lt; s Ce '© &lt; & &amp; c c e e. o &amp; © © c c c c e e © $ &amp; e e «©« o «· © ü $ © eo ö o c © for £. © a ec · &lt; s © c * © ee «

Production of Verbundkörpem with thermoplastic polymers advantageous because mixing of a less polar material according to the invention with polymers can be done easier than before and with lower masses of compatibilizer or, if necessary, without compatibilizer. 5

The further object of the invention to provide a composite material which contains a cellulose and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin-containing material and a thermoplastic and which is highly water-repellent and dimensionally stable and has a good fungal resistance is achieved by a composite material according to claim 22 Advantageous variants of a composite material according to the invention are the subject matter of claims 23 to 27.

The advantages of a composite material according to the invention are to be seen in particular in that, in comparison with composite materials, in which cellulose and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin having materials without preceding

Modification or acylation thereof are used, a water absorption of the composite at room temperature is reduced by 35 to 40%. Furthermore, an 80% reduction in the likelihood of fungal infestation was found. Finally, composite materials according to the invention have a stiffness increased by 20% in comparison with approximately 20 equal strength.

Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and / or polybutylene terephthalate are preferably provided as the thermoplastic material. 25

It has proved to be particularly favorable if the plastic is a poly-C 2 -C 5 -alpha-olefin and / or a copolymer of a C 2 -C 5 -alpha-olefin and a different α-olefin having 2 to 18 C atoms and or a cycloolefin-ethylene copolymer and / or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and / or a polypropylene homopolymer and / or a propylene random copolymer and / or a propylene block copolymer and / or a propylene random copolymer and / or or isotactic polybutene-1 and / or 4-methylpentene-1 homopolymer and / or 4-methylpentene-1 copolymer. -7- C ο «e · · · · · · · · · · · · © © · © © © © # # # © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©

If a compatibilizer is used in a composite material according to the invention, it is advantageous if it consists of one or more constituents selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, C 1 -C 4 monoalkyl esters of polyalkylene glycols, maleic anhydride grafted onto polypropylene, 5 polyolefin wax oxidates, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer waxes and grafted

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers consists.

When a low density composite is required to produce lightweight molded articles, it is beneficial to have the thermoplastics and, if desired, compatibilizer (s) in a foamed form.

Composite materials according to the invention are excellently suitable for the production of products for the construction industry, for example windows, doors, cladding elements, bridle elements, terrace floors or roof elements and for furniture. In this case, for good weather resistance of the composites used, it is advantageous if the acylated material comprises wood in the form of hoarficks and / or wood fibers.

Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the context of the description and the illustrated embodiments.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1 25 In a heated stirred reactor with a descending condenser and a

Condensate sample 0.5 kg of wood meal consisting of wood of spruce, pine and larch in proportion (in% by mass) 85%: 15%: 5% with 3.5 kg of a mixture of 50% by mass of butyric acid and 50% by mass of isopropenyl acetate submitted. Then 37% aqueous HCl was added (0.3 mol HCl per kg of reaction mixture). The reaction mixture thus prepared was stirred at 70 ° C for 4 hours. After the reaction, the chips were washed twice with acetone and once with methanol and then washed twice with water and then with a 0.005 molar aqueous sodium carbonate solution and finally with water until free of acid. The acylated product was dried at 105 ° C to 35 weight stability, after which an increase in weight compared to the -8- ¢¢ - &lt; 6-0? * ©© 4 fci fc 6 # © i, C © fe e © © e © © © e © © © © c © e © e © © e · e © e © e © e © e © e © e © e © e © e © e © e

Starting material (so-called weight percent gain or WPG value) of 24% was obtained. The acylated wood flour was extruded in the 70:30 mass ratio with polyvinyl chloride; the extrusion products were highly water-repellent and had a high dimensional stability when used or stored in moist air.

Example 2

In a heated stirred reactor with descending condenser, 2.8 liters of a mixture of isopropenyl acetate and propionic acid in a (mass) ratio of 2: 1 were introduced and 350 g of spruce chips and 0.2 mol / kg of p-toluenesulfonic acid mixture were added. The chips used were acylated under reflux for 2.5 hours and washed and dried after the reaction analogous to Example 1. The WPG value of the chips was 22%. The chips had greatly increased hydrophobicity and improved fungal resistance compared to products acylated solely with isopropenyl acetate.

A portion of the chips were then extruded with polypropylene (40% by weight chips and 60% by weight polypropylene) to a shaped article. Another part of the chips was provided with 12 mass% of a resin based on the mass of the chips, and pressed into a plate. Both the extruded molded article and the sheet were water repellent and had improved dimensional stability over conventional molded articles.

EXAMPLE 3 25 g of a mixture of 70% by mass of isopropenyl acetate and 20% of acetic acid and 10% by mass of palmitic acid / stearic acid with 50 g of shavings (90% beech shavings and 10%) are placed in a heated stirred reactor (volume: 1 liter) with descending condenser. Pine chips) in the presence of 0.2 mol / kg p-toluenesulfonic acid for 7 hours The acylated chips were washed after filtration with methanol and water 30 and dried. The WPG value of the chips was 140%. The acylated chips had a significantly higher hydrophobicity in comparison with the chips according to Example 1.

Example 4 35 Wood fibers (50 g) rinsed with acetone were extracted with 30 ml of a mixture

Isopropenyl acetate / propionic anhydride / propionic acid (mass ratio = 3: 2: 1), -9- g $! © &amp; © &lt; © © © re ecvc &amp; &Amp; &Amp; he re © © © &amp; t β β β © e © © ee © e © e © e © e © e © e © e © e © © © g © e © e * e he © containing 0.5 mol / l of p-toluenesulfonic acid and mixed at Room temperature for 12 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thereafter, the wood fibers were heated with dry, hot air for 10 minutes at 100 ° C and then washed with acetone and water and finally dried. A 5 WPG value of the material thus obtained was 12%. From the wood fibers was finally pressed by conventional methods with resin and ammonium salt as a hardener a fiberboard. In comparison to conventional fiberboards, in which only acylated fibers were used with isopropenyl acetate, it exhibited a markedly reduced water absorption tendency. 10

Example 5

In a heated 1 liter reactor with circulation, 10 pieces of beech fuming plates (dimension: 50 χ120χ1 mm) with a mixture of isopropenyl acetate / propionic acid / hexanoic acid (mass ratio = 4: 2: 1) were used in the presence of 0.02 mol / kg with the aid of a special insert Mixture of benzenesulfonic acid at 110 ° C and reacted at a pressure of about 3 bar with slow circulation of the reaction mixture for 1 hour. From the thus obtained acylated veneer boards a fumierboard was pressed with glue. This was more water resistant than conventional fumed boards made from non-acylated veneer boards and had excellent resistance to fungi.

Example 6

In a heatable 1 liter reactor with circulation using a special insert four solid wood beams made of spruce (dimension: 20x120x20 mm) with 25 isopropenyl acetate / acetic acid / dodecanoic acid (mass ratio = 4: 1: 1) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.02 mol / l mixture ) are acylated under nitrogen, first reacting with isopropenyl acetate and acetic acid for 4 hours at 90 ° C, after which dodecanoic acid is added and the temperature is raised to 120 ° C and reacted for an additional hour. After the reaction, the bars are allowed to stand for 15 minutes in acetone and then with water, 0.001 mol / l

Sodium carbonate solution and again washed with water and dried at 60 ° C. The Festhoizbalken had a WPG value of 28% and water-repellent surfaces. -10- © Copyright © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © e © © © © © e © g © © o

Example 7

A cotton fabric was made with a mixture of

Isopropenyl acetate / propionic acid / oleic acid (mass ratio = 2: 1: 0.2) and wetted in the presence of potassium carbonate (0.2 mol / i) and methyltrioctylammonium chloride (0.2 mol / i), 5 pronounced with padding, and for eight minutes under nitrogen purge at 100 ° C. heated. The textile thus treated had a WPG value of 12%. Due to its water-repellent properties, the acylated textile is particularly suitable for health and sports articles. 10 Example 8

In a heated 500 ml stirred reactor with descending condenser, 20 g of hemp fiber washed with acetone with 300 ml of a mixture of isopropenyl acetate and glacial acetic acid (mass ratio = 1: 2) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.08 mol / l) and 15 ml of acetone at 70 C. for 2 hours under reflux and acylated in an argon atmosphere. After the reaction, the hemp fibers were washed and dried as described in Example 1. A WPG value of the hemp fibers was 18%. The fibers treated according to the invention could be extruded into a composite together with wood shavings and polyethylene without the need for a compatibilizer. 20

Example 9

In a heated stirred reactor (volume: 2 liters) with descending condenser, 500 g of kraft lignin with isopropenyl acetate / propionic acid (mass ratio = 1: 1) in the presence of ZnCl 2 as catalyst (0.05 mol / l) were used and refluxed for three 25 hours acylated. After cooling, the reaction mixture was carefully poured into water and the solid was filtered off, washed and dried. The acylated lignin was used as a binder in wood composites, which had high strength and water resistance due to the acylated lignin. 30 Example 10

A cotton fabric was maintained at 90 ° C with isopropenyl acetate / maleic anhydride (mass ratio = 1: 2) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.02 mol / l) for 20 minutes. The textile thus treated had bactericidal properties. -11 -

Claims (27)

c a © &lt; r &gt; © φ &phis; & 6 ce ccfec © fc 4; φ © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 1. A process for the acylation of a material comprising, in particular, cellulose and / or hemicellulose and / or lignin, the material comprising a mixture 5 comprising a) from 5 to 95% by weight of isopropenyl acetate and b) 95 to 5 mass% of one or more carboxylic acid (s) and / or one or more Carbonsäurenanhydride (s) is reacted at a reaction temperature of 20 to 200 ° C and a residence time of 2 minutes 10 to 48 hours in the presence of a catalyst. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein is reacted at a reaction pressure of 1 to 20 bar. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the carboxylic acid or the carboxylic acids C2-C22 carboxylic acid (s) is or are. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mixture contains at least one C2-C5-alkanecarboxylic acid and / or a C3-C6-alkenecarboxylic acid and further comprises a Cg-C ^ -Alkancarbonsäure and / or C6-C22-alkenecarboxylic acid , 5. The method of claim 4, wherein first Isopropenylacetat and the C2-C5-alkanecarboxylic acid and / or the CrCe-Alkencarbonsäure be added and reacted with the material and then the Ce-C ^ carboxylic acid is added and reacted. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mixture a) 20 to 80% by mass isopropenyl acetate and b) 80 to 20% by mass of one or more carboxylic acid (s) and / or one or 30 more Carbonsäurenanhydride (s) contains. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the catalyst is an inorganic acid, in particular hydrogen chloride, phosphoric acid or boric acid. -12- &lt; £ &gt; © co-coßßββιβe © © © © © © © ea © © © © © e © e © © © © © © © © o · o © e © e © e © © <e © © e λ © © &amp; © © © A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the catalyst is an organic acid or one of its salts, such as sodium acetate or an acyl halide. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the catalyst is a base of 5-type alkali or one of its salts and / or a quaternary ammonium compound. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the catalyst is a zeolite or a chlorosilane. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the catalyst is an aromatic sulfonic acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or a Lewis acid such as zinc chloride. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a concentration of the catalyst is 0.002 to 5 mol per kg of reaction mixture 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein acetone formed during the reaction is removed continuously. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein acetone formed during the reaction is left in the reaction mixture and / or acetone is added. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the material is present as wood in the form of solid wood 25 such as beams, boards, squared timbers, veneers or the like massive wood workpieces. 16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the material is in the form of wood particles such as wood chips, wood fibers and / or wood flour or as pulp. 30 17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the material is present as a fiber or as a fabric, in particular as a textile. © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © · · © © © © © · © © © © © © © e © © © © e © © © © © © e © © © 18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the material in the form of vegetable seed fibers, Fruchtfasem, leaf fiber or bast fibers such as jute, cotton, kenaf, coconut, flax, hemp, ramie, sisal or the like is present. 19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the material is in the form of cellulosic chemical fibers such as viscose fibers, Cuprofasem, Lyocellfasem or the like. 20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein in a first step, the 10 material is wetted or impregnated with the mixture and in a second step, an implementation of the mixture with the material. 21. Acylated material obtainable according to one of claims 1 to 20. 22. Composite containing (in mass%) a) 30 to 90% of a material obtainable according to any one of claims 1 to 20, b) 70 to 10% of a thermoplastic, c) optionally 0.3 to 20% of a compatibilizer, d) optional 3 to 10% of a flame retardant, 20 e) optionally 0.1 to 2% of a pigment, f) optionally 0.1 to 2% of a stabilizer. 23. The composite of claim 24, wherein the thermoplastic comprises polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and / or polybutylene terephthalate. 24. A composite material according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the plastic is a poly-C2-C5-α-olefin and / or a copolymer of a C2-C5-α-olefin and a different α-olefin having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and / or a cycloolefin-ethylene copolymer and / or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and / or a polypropylene homopolymer and / or a propylene random copolymer and / or a propylene block copolymer and / or a propylene random copolymer and or isotactic polybutene-1 and / or 4-methylpentene-1 homopolymers and / or 4-methylpentene-1 copolymers. -14- 35 6G 06 0O OG GO GO OG C β «· © ft 6 0 6 6 Often ©« 66 · Often Often Often © 50 ft © ftG 00 25. The composite of claim 22, wherein the compatibilizer is one or more members selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, CrCs monoalkyl esters of polyalkylene glycols, maleic anhydride grafted onto polypropylene, polyolefin wax oxidates, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer waxes, and grafted ethylene oxide. Vinyl acetate copolymers. 26. A composite material according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein thermoplastics and optionally compatibilizer (s) are present in a foamed form. 27. A composite material according to any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein the material of component a) comprises wood in the form of wood chips and / or wood fibers. Vienna, January 4, 2005 Upper mbH ENTANWÄLTE Dipl.-Ing. DrHeknut WILDHACK Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Gerhard JELLINEK -15-