AR105006A1 - Decodificación con reducción de escala - Google Patents

Decodificación con reducción de escala

Info

Publication number
AR105006A1
AR105006A1 ARP160101779A ARP160101779A AR105006A1 AR 105006 A1 AR105006 A1 AR 105006A1 AR P160101779 A ARP160101779 A AR P160101779A AR P160101779 A ARP160101779 A AR P160101779A AR 105006 A1 AR105006 A1 AR 105006A1
Authority
AR
Argentina
Prior art keywords
subsampled
audio decoding
scale reduction
decoding
sampling rate
Prior art date
Application number
ARP160101779A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Seidl Timon
Albert Tobias
Tomasek Adrian
Benndorf Conrad
Schmidt Konstantin
Fotopoulou Eleni
Lutzky Manfred
Schnell Markus
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Ges Forschung
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=53483698&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=AR105006(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Fraunhofer Ges Forschung filed Critical Fraunhofer Ges Forschung
Publication of AR105006A1 publication Critical patent/AR105006A1/es

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
    • G10L19/0212—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders using orthogonal transformation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
    • G10L19/022—Blocking, i.e. grouping of samples in time; Choice of analysis windows; Overlap factoring

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
  • Transmission Systems Not Characterized By The Medium Used For Transmission (AREA)
  • Signal Processing Not Specific To The Method Of Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Reduction Or Emphasis Of Bandwidth Of Signals (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)

Abstract

Se puede lograr una versión con reducción de escala de un procedimiento de decodificación de audio con mayor eficacia y/o con un mantenimiento de cumplimiento mejorado si la ventana de síntesis que se utiliza para la decodificación de audio con reducción de escala es una versión submuestreada de una ventana de síntesis de referencia que esta implicada en el procedimiento de decodificación de audio sin reducción de escala por medio del submuestreo por el factor de submuestreo por medio del cual la tasa de muestreo submuestreada y la tasa de muestreo original se desvían, y se submuestrea por el uso de una interpolación segmentaria en segmentos de un cuarto de la longitud de la trama.
ARP160101779A 2015-06-16 2016-06-15 Decodificación con reducción de escala AR105006A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15172282 2015-06-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AR105006A1 true AR105006A1 (es) 2017-08-30

Family

ID=53483698

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ARP160101779A AR105006A1 (es) 2015-06-16 2016-06-15 Decodificación con reducción de escala
ARP200102150A AR119541A2 (es) 2015-06-16 2020-07-30 Decodificador de audio y método para decodificar una señal de audio
ARP200102148A AR119537A2 (es) 2015-06-16 2020-07-30 Decodificador de audio y método para decodificar una señal de audio
ARP200103207A AR120506A2 (es) 2015-06-16 2020-11-19 Decodificación con reducción de escala
ARP200103208A AR120507A2 (es) 2015-06-16 2020-11-19 Decodificación con reducción de escala

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ARP200102150A AR119541A2 (es) 2015-06-16 2020-07-30 Decodificador de audio y método para decodificar una señal de audio
ARP200102148A AR119537A2 (es) 2015-06-16 2020-07-30 Decodificador de audio y método para decodificar una señal de audio
ARP200103207A AR120506A2 (es) 2015-06-16 2020-11-19 Decodificación con reducción de escala
ARP200103208A AR120507A2 (es) 2015-06-16 2020-11-19 Decodificación con reducción de escala

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (10) US10431230B2 (es)
EP (11) EP3107096A1 (es)
JP (9) JP6637079B2 (es)
KR (10) KR102502644B1 (es)
CN (6) CN114255771A (es)
AR (5) AR105006A1 (es)
AU (1) AU2016278717B2 (es)
BR (1) BR112017026724B1 (es)
CA (6) CA3150675C (es)
ES (1) ES2950408T3 (es)
FI (1) FI3311380T3 (es)
HK (1) HK1247730A1 (es)
MX (1) MX2017016171A (es)
MY (1) MY178530A (es)
PL (1) PL3311380T3 (es)
PT (1) PT3311380T (es)
RU (1) RU2683487C1 (es)
TW (1) TWI611398B (es)
WO (1) WO2016202701A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA201800147B (es)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017129270A1 (en) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Apparatus and method for improving a transition from a concealed audio signal portion to a succeeding audio signal portion of an audio signal
CN115050378B (zh) * 2022-05-19 2024-06-07 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 音频编解码方法及相关产品

Family Cites Families (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5729556A (en) * 1993-02-22 1998-03-17 Texas Instruments System decoder circuit with temporary bit storage and method of operation
US6092041A (en) * 1996-08-22 2000-07-18 Motorola, Inc. System and method of encoding and decoding a layered bitstream by re-applying psychoacoustic analysis in the decoder
KR100335611B1 (ko) 1997-11-20 2002-10-09 삼성전자 주식회사 비트율 조절이 가능한 스테레오 오디오 부호화/복호화 방법 및 장치
US6351730B2 (en) * 1998-03-30 2002-02-26 Lucent Technologies Inc. Low-complexity, low-delay, scalable and embedded speech and audio coding with adaptive frame loss concealment
EP0957580B1 (en) * 1998-05-15 2008-04-02 Thomson Method and apparatus for sampling-rate conversion of audio signals
DE60208426T2 (de) * 2001-11-02 2006-08-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma Vorrichtung zur signalkodierung, signaldekodierung und system zum verteilen von audiodaten
EP1523863A1 (en) 2002-07-16 2005-04-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Audio coding
DE60327039D1 (de) * 2002-07-19 2009-05-20 Nec Corp Audiodekodierungseinrichtung, dekodierungsverfahren und programm
FR2852172A1 (fr) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-10 France Telecom Procede et dispositif de reconstruction spectrale d'un signal audio
US20050047793A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-03 David Butler Scheme for reducing low frequency components in an optical transmission network
EP1692686A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2006-08-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Audio signal coding
CN1677492A (zh) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-05 北京宫羽数字技术有限责任公司 一种增强音频编解码装置及方法
JP4626261B2 (ja) * 2004-10-21 2011-02-02 カシオ計算機株式会社 音声符号化装置及び音声符号化方法
US7720677B2 (en) 2005-11-03 2010-05-18 Coding Technologies Ab Time warped modified transform coding of audio signals
US8036903B2 (en) 2006-10-18 2011-10-11 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Analysis filterbank, synthesis filterbank, encoder, de-coder, mixer and conferencing system
EP3288027B1 (en) * 2006-10-25 2021-04-07 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Apparatus and method for generating complex-valued audio subband values
KR20090076964A (ko) * 2006-11-10 2009-07-13 파나소닉 주식회사 파라미터 복호 장치, 파라미터 부호화 장치 및 파라미터 복호 방법
EP2077550B8 (en) * 2008-01-04 2012-03-14 Dolby International AB Audio encoder and decoder
MX2011000375A (es) 2008-07-11 2011-05-19 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Codificador y decodificador de audio para codificar y decodificar tramas de una señal de audio muestreada.
EP2144171B1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2018-05-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Audio encoder and decoder for encoding and decoding frames of a sampled audio signal
KR101381513B1 (ko) * 2008-07-14 2014-04-07 광운대학교 산학협력단 음성/음악 통합 신호의 부호화/복호화 장치
KR101661374B1 (ko) * 2009-02-26 2016-09-29 파나소닉 인텔렉츄얼 프로퍼티 코포레이션 오브 아메리카 부호화 장치, 복호 장치 및 이들 방법
TWI556227B (zh) * 2009-05-27 2016-11-01 杜比國際公司 從訊號的低頻成份產生該訊號之高頻成份的系統與方法，及其機上盒、電腦程式產品、軟體程式及儲存媒體
CA2777073C (en) 2009-10-08 2015-11-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Multi-mode audio signal decoder, multi-mode audio signal encoder, methods and computer program using a linear-prediction-coding based noise shaping
BR122020024236B1 (pt) 2009-10-20 2021-09-14 Fraunhofer - Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E. V. Codificador de sinal de áudio, decodificador de sinal de áudio, método para prover uma representação codificada de um conteúdo de áudio, método para prover uma representação decodificada de um conteúdo de áudio e programa de computador para uso em aplicações de baixo retardamento
WO2011048117A1 (en) 2009-10-20 2011-04-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Audio signal encoder, audio signal decoder, method for encoding or decoding an audio signal using an aliasing-cancellation
EP2375409A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Audio encoder, audio decoder and related methods for processing multi-channel audio signals using complex prediction
TW201214415A (en) * 2010-05-28 2012-04-01 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Low-delay unified speech and audio codec
BR122021003884B1 (pt) * 2010-08-12 2021-11-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Reamostrar sinais de saída de codecs de áudio com base em qmf
CN103282958B (zh) * 2010-10-15 2016-03-30 华为技术有限公司 信号分析器、信号分析方法、信号合成器、信号合成方法、变换器和反向变换器
US9037456B2 (en) * 2011-07-26 2015-05-19 Google Technology Holdings LLC Method and apparatus for audio coding and decoding
CN102419978B (zh) * 2011-08-23 2013-03-27 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 音频解码器、音频解码的频谱重构方法及装置
PL2777041T3 (pl) * 2011-11-10 2016-09-30 Sposób i urządzenie do wykrywania częstotliwości próbkowania audio
US9905236B2 (en) * 2012-03-23 2018-02-27 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Enabling sampling rate diversity in a voice communication system
CN104488026A (zh) * 2012-07-12 2015-04-01 杜比实验室特许公司 使用饱和参数调制将数据嵌入立体声音频中
TWI606440B (zh) * 2012-09-24 2017-11-21 三星電子股份有限公司 訊框錯誤隱藏裝置
EP2720222A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Apparatus and method for efficient synthesis of sinusoids and sweeps by employing spectral patterns
RU2625560C2 (ru) * 2013-02-20 2017-07-14 Фраунхофер-Гезелльшафт Цур Фердерунг Дер Ангевандтен Форшунг Е.Ф. Устройство и способ кодирования или декодирования аудиосигнала с использованием перекрытия, зависящего от местоположения перехода
CN104078048B (zh) * 2013-03-29 2017-05-03 北京天籁传音数字技术有限公司 一种声音解码装置及其方法
IN2015MN02784A (es) * 2013-04-05 2015-10-23 Dolby Int Ab
CN105247614B (zh) * 2013-04-05 2019-04-05 杜比国际公司 音频编码器和解码器
TWI557727B (zh) * 2013-04-05 2016-11-11 杜比國際公司 音訊處理系統、多媒體處理系統、處理音訊位元流的方法以及電腦程式產品
EP2830061A1 (en) * 2013-07-22 2015-01-28 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an encoded audio signal using temporal noise/patch shaping
CN103632674B (zh) * 2013-12-17 2017-01-04 魅族科技（中国）有限公司 一种音频信号的处理方法及装置
EP2980795A1 (en) 2014-07-28 2016-02-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Audio encoding and decoding using a frequency domain processor, a time domain processor and a cross processor for initialization of the time domain processor
CN107112024B (zh) 2014-10-24 2020-07-14 杜比国际公司 音频信号的编码和解码

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11341979B2 (en) 2022-05-24
US20210335371A1 (en) 2021-10-28
JP2022130447A (ja) 2022-09-06
JP2023164894A (ja) 2023-11-14
EP4235658A2 (en) 2023-08-30
KR20200085352A (ko) 2020-07-14
EP4375997A2 (en) 2024-05-29
JP2022130448A (ja) 2022-09-06
JP7322248B2 (ja) 2023-08-07
EP3311380B1 (en) 2023-05-24
EP4239632B1 (en) 2024-09-04
EP4231287B1 (en) 2024-09-25
EP4365895A3 (en) 2024-07-17
KR102660438B1 (ko) 2024-04-24
EP4239632A2 (en) 2023-09-06
US11341980B2 (en) 2022-05-24
EP4239633B1 (en) 2024-09-04
EP4231287A1 (en) 2023-08-23
KR20230145251A (ko) 2023-10-17
JP2022130446A (ja) 2022-09-06
CA2989252C (en) 2023-05-09
EP4235658B1 (en) 2024-10-16
KR102412485B1 (ko) 2022-06-23
US20180366133A1 (en) 2018-12-20
TWI611398B (zh) 2018-01-11
MX2017016171A (es) 2018-08-15
CN108028046B (zh) 2022-01-11
JP2023164895A (ja) 2023-11-14
CN114255770A (zh) 2022-03-29
AR119541A2 (es) 2021-12-29
KR102502644B1 (ko) 2023-02-23
EP4386746A3 (en) 2024-08-14
MY178530A (en) 2020-10-15
US11062719B2 (en) 2021-07-13
WO2016202701A1 (en) 2016-12-22
PL3311380T3 (pl) 2023-10-02
CA3150666C (en) 2023-09-19
JP6637079B2 (ja) 2020-01-29
KR20230145252A (ko) 2023-10-17
JP2023164893A (ja) 2023-11-14
US11341978B2 (en) 2022-05-24
AR120507A2 (es) 2022-02-16
CA3150683C (en) 2023-10-31
EP4386746A2 (en) 2024-06-19
CN114255769A (zh) 2022-03-29
KR102503707B1 (ko) 2023-02-28
CA3150683A1 (en) 2016-12-22
CA3150666A1 (en) 2016-12-22
KR20230145250A (ko) 2023-10-17
BR112017026724B1 (pt) 2024-02-27
KR20220093254A (ko) 2022-07-05
AU2016278717A1 (en) 2018-01-04
CA3150637C (en) 2023-11-28
JP2021099498A (ja) 2021-07-01
JP2020064312A (ja) 2020-04-23
JP7089079B2 (ja) 2022-06-21
EP4239633A2 (en) 2023-09-06
KR102660437B1 (ko) 2024-04-24
AR120506A2 (es) 2022-02-16
EP4386745A3 (en) 2024-08-07
AU2016278717B2 (en) 2019-02-14
AR119537A2 (es) 2021-12-22
US20230360656A1 (en) 2023-11-09
KR102660436B1 (ko) 2024-04-25
EP4365895A2 (en) 2024-05-08
EP4375997A3 (en) 2024-07-24
HK1247730A1 (zh) 2018-09-28
JP7323679B2 (ja) 2023-08-08
KR102131183B1 (ko) 2020-07-07
KR20220095247A (ko) 2022-07-06
US11670312B2 (en) 2023-06-06
EP3311380A1 (en) 2018-04-25
EP4235658A3 (en) 2023-09-06
ES2950408T3 (es) 2023-10-09
US20220051684A1 (en) 2022-02-17
EP4239631A2 (en) 2023-09-06
CA3150637A1 (en) 2016-12-22
CA3150675C (en) 2023-11-07
CN114255771A (zh) 2022-03-29
KR20230145539A (ko) 2023-10-17
US10431230B2 (en) 2019-10-01
JP2023159096A (ja) 2023-10-31
US20220051683A1 (en) 2022-02-17
ZA201800147B (en) 2018-12-19
EP4239632A3 (en) 2023-11-01
CA3150675A1 (en) 2016-12-22
CN108028046A (zh) 2018-05-11
CN114255772A (zh) 2022-03-29
US20240005931A1 (en) 2024-01-04
JP2018524631A (ja) 2018-08-30
US20200051578A1 (en) 2020-02-13
CN114255768A (zh) 2022-03-29
TW201717193A (zh) 2017-05-16
EP4239633A3 (en) 2023-11-01
FI3311380T3 (fi) 2023-08-24
EP4239631A3 (en) 2023-11-08
KR102588135B1 (ko) 2023-10-13
US20230360658A1 (en) 2023-11-09
KR102502643B1 (ko) 2023-02-23
CA2989252A1 (en) 2016-12-22
CA3150643A1 (en) 2016-12-22
KR20220093252A (ko) 2022-07-05
EP4386745A2 (en) 2024-06-19
RU2683487C1 (ru) 2019-03-28
US20220051682A1 (en) 2022-02-17
BR112017026724A2 (es) 2018-08-21
JP7322249B2 (ja) 2023-08-07
PT3311380T (pt) 2023-08-07
US20230360657A1 (en) 2023-11-09
KR20180021704A (ko) 2018-03-05
KR20220093253A (ko) 2022-07-05
EP3107096A1 (en) 2016-12-21
JP6839260B2 (ja) 2021-03-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3413563A4 (en) DEVICE FOR DECODING MOVEMENT PICTURES, APPARATUS FOR CODING MOVEMENT IMAGES AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING FORECAST PICTURES
HK1225504B (zh) 在話音合成中消除同形異音詞的歧義
MX2018001215A (es) Adenovirus novedoso.
EP3367688A4 (en) Predictive image generation device, image decoding device, and image encoding device
BR112015004956A2 (pt) aparelhos de codificação e de decodificação de imagem, e, métodos de codificação e de decodificação de imagem.
EP3185557A4 (en) Predictive coding/decoding method, corresponding coder/decoder, and electronic device
DK3400098T3 (da) Understøttet indiumoxidkatalysator og fremgangsmåde til methanolsyntese under anvendelse heraf
MY172238A (en) Noise filling in perceptual transform audio coding
EP3104614A4 (en) Image encoding device, image decoding device, encoded stream conversion device, image encoding method, and image decoding method
EP3413568A4 (en) PREDICTIVE IMAGE GENERATING DEVICE, MOVING IMAGE DECODING DEVICE, AND MOVING IMAGE ENCODING DEVICE
GB2552223B (en) Encoders, decoders and methods employing quantization
AR120506A2 (es) Decodificación con reducción de escala
GB202009248D0 (en) Semantic normalization in document digitization
DK2905777T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde til kodning, fremgangsmåde til afkodning, kodningsanordning og afkodningsanordning
DK3362501T3 (da) Polyrotaxaner, der bærer blandede cyclodextrinarter, og anvendelser deraf
DK3595546T3 (da) Intraossøs føringsstift, positioneringstrokar og trokar til udtrækning af stiften
DK3583089T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde og indretning til omdannelse af kuldioxid til methanol
Lee White Asters
Grooten I’m Not Sorry; I’m Honest# 2
TH1601001816A (th) การทำรหัสและการถอดรหัสตำแหน่งพีคในแถบคลื่นเสียง
Grooten I’m Not Sorry; I’m Honest# 4
TH1401007503A (th) วิธีถอดรหัสภาพ, วิธีเข้ารหัสภาพ, อุปกรณ์ถอดรหัสภาพ, อุปกรณ์เข้ารหัสภาพ, และอุปกรณ์เข้ารหัส-ถอดรหัสภาพ
DK3378848T3 (da) Hydreringsfremgangsmåde til syntese af methan og methanol.
AU357861S (en) Shelter
TH1501001013A (th) วิธีถอดรหัสภาพ, วิธีเข้ารหัสภาพ, อุปกรณ์ถอดรหัสภาพ, อุปกรณ์เข้ารหัสภาพ, และอุปกรณ์เข้ารหัส-ถอดรหัสภาพ