AR030440A1 - Caja, estructura insertada y modelo para su armado - Google Patents

Caja, estructura insertada y modelo para su armado

Info

Publication number
AR030440A1
AR030440A1 ARP010103861A ARP010103861A AR030440A1 AR 030440 A1 AR030440 A1 AR 030440A1 AR P010103861 A ARP010103861 A AR P010103861A AR P010103861 A ARP010103861 A AR P010103861A AR 030440 A1 AR030440 A1 AR 030440A1
Authority
AR
Argentina
Prior art keywords
box
panel
assembly
model
package
Prior art date
Application number
ARP010103861A
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Jean-Michel Auclar
Jean-Yves Daniel
Original Assignee
Mead Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mead Corp filed Critical Mead Corp
Publication of AR030440A1 publication Critical patent/AR030440A1/es

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/06—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers
    • B65D71/12—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank
    • B65D71/36—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank having a tubular shape, e.g. tubular wrappers, with end walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/02—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body
    • B65D5/0227—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body with end closures formed by inward folding of flaps and securing them by heat-sealing, by applying adhesive to the flaps or by staples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/44—Integral, inserted or attached portions forming internal or external fittings
    • B65D5/441—Reinforcements
    • B65D5/445—Reinforcements formed separately from the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/44—Integral, inserted or attached portions forming internal or external fittings
    • B65D5/48—Partitions
    • B65D5/48024—Partitions inserted
    • B65D5/48026—Squaring or like elements, e.g. honeycomb element, i.e. at least four not aligned compartments
    • B65D5/48036—Longitudinal partition provided with cut flaps folded perpendicular to the partition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00129—Wrapper locking means
    • B65D2571/00135—Wrapper locking means integral with the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00141—Wrapper locking means integral with the wrapper glued
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00333—Partitions, i.e. elements contacting a major part of each aarticle or extending across the whole length of the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00401—Partitions, i.e. elements contacting a major part of each aarticle or extending across the whole length of the wrapper inserted the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00407—Squarings or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00333—Partitions, i.e. elements contacting a major part of each aarticle or extending across the whole length of the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00401—Partitions, i.e. elements contacting a major part of each aarticle or extending across the whole length of the wrapper inserted the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00407—Squarings or the like
    • B65D2571/00419—Two rows of more than two cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00432—Handles or suspending means
    • B65D2571/00456—Handles or suspending means integral with the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00469—Straps made between two handholes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00432—Handles or suspending means
    • B65D2571/00537—Handles or suspending means with stress relieving means
    • B65D2571/00543—Handles or suspending means with stress relieving means consisting of cut-outs, slits, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00555—Wrapper opening devices
    • B65D2571/00561—Lines of weakness
    • B65D2571/00574—Lines of weakness whereby contents can still be carried after the line has been torn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00648—Elements used to form the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00654—Blanks
    • B65D2571/0066—Blanks formed from one single sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00709—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element
    • B65D2571/00722—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element tubular with end walls, e.g. walls not extending on the whole end surface
    • B65D2571/00728—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element tubular with end walls, e.g. walls not extending on the whole end surface the end walls being closed by gluing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00808—Inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00833—Other details of wrappers
    • B65D2571/0087—Special features for machine processing, e.g. gripper apertures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00833—Other details of wrappers
    • B65D2571/0087—Special features for machine processing, e.g. gripper apertures
    • B65D2571/00876—Frangible bridges left into cut lines for facilitating folding operations

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
ARP010103861A 2000-08-10 2001-08-10 Caja, estructura insertada y modelo para su armado AR030440A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0019755.8A GB0019755D0 (en) 2000-08-10 2000-08-10 Carton and insert and blank thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AR030440A1 true AR030440A1 (es) 2003-08-20

Family

ID=9897413

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ARP010103861A AR030440A1 (es) 2000-08-10 2001-08-10 Caja, estructura insertada y modelo para su armado

Country Status (19)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1309488B1 (ru)
AR (1) AR030440A1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE319621T1 (ru)
AU (2) AU7922001A (ru)
CA (1) CA2454630C (ru)
CZ (1) CZ20033369A3 (ru)
DE (1) DE60117806T2 (ru)
DK (1) DK1309488T3 (ru)
ES (1) ES2260257T3 (ru)
GB (1) GB0019755D0 (ru)
HU (1) HUP0302679A2 (ru)
MX (1) MXPA03001283A (ru)
NO (1) NO20030663L (ru)
PL (1) PL360184A1 (ru)
PT (1) PT1309488E (ru)
RU (1) RU2247688C2 (ru)
SK (1) SK14742003A3 (ru)
WO (1) WO2002014166A1 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA200301855B (ru)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0218392D0 (en) * 2002-08-08 2002-09-18 Riverwood Int Corp Dispensing package
GB0326435D0 (en) 2003-11-13 2003-12-17 Graphic Packaging Int Inc Dispensing package
US7617933B2 (en) 2005-05-20 2009-11-17 Meadwestvaco Packaging Systems, Llc Product dispensing aids
GB0808110D0 (en) * 2008-05-02 2008-06-11 Ds Smith Packaging Ltd Packaging carton
GB201010995D0 (en) * 2010-06-30 2010-08-18 Meadwestvaco Packaging Systems Carton and carton blank
WO2014066557A2 (en) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-01 Meadwestvaco Packaging Systems, Llc Package with strap handle
CN104608984A (zh) * 2013-09-13 2015-05-13 米德韦斯特瓦科包装系统有限责任公司 纸箱和纸箱坯件
RU2629144C1 (ru) * 2016-04-28 2017-08-24 Елена Александровна Сикорская Коробка для бутылок

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB858214A (en) * 1957-08-01 1961-01-11 Unipak Cartons Ltd Cartons
GB896479A (en) * 1960-08-11 1962-05-16 Unipak Cartons Ltd Cartons
US3868055A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-02-25 Marinus J M Langen Carton divider
US3951332A (en) * 1974-07-22 1976-04-20 Torbeck Frank W Container closure with tuck-under tab
US3980223A (en) * 1975-06-02 1976-09-14 Curran John J Cellular structure for cartons
US4294398A (en) 1981-01-22 1981-10-13 Container Corporation Of America Partition for carrier carton
US4469222A (en) * 1982-02-18 1984-09-04 Manville Service Corporation Two-piece beverage carrier
US5518111A (en) * 1994-03-02 1996-05-21 The Mead Corporation Removable divider panel for multiple-tier article package
US5529240A (en) 1994-08-18 1996-06-25 Riverwood International Corporation Carton bottle partition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MXPA03001283A (es) 2005-02-25
EP1666364A3 (en) 2008-02-13
RU2247688C2 (ru) 2005-03-10
AU7922001A (en) 2002-02-25
NO20030663D0 (no) 2003-02-10
CA2454630A1 (en) 2002-02-21
EP1309488B1 (en) 2006-03-08
EP1666364A2 (en) 2006-06-07
WO2002014166A1 (en) 2002-02-21
NO20030663L (no) 2003-03-31
DE60117806T2 (de) 2006-11-16
ES2260257T3 (es) 2006-11-01
PT1309488E (pt) 2006-07-31
AU2001279220B2 (en) 2006-05-18
DE60117806D1 (de) 2006-05-04
ATE319621T1 (de) 2006-03-15
DK1309488T3 (da) 2006-07-17
SK14742003A3 (sk) 2006-04-06
CZ20033369A3 (cs) 2007-01-31
HUP0302679A2 (en) 2003-12-29
ZA200301855B (en) 2004-02-16
GB0019755D0 (en) 2000-09-27
EP1309488A1 (en) 2003-05-14
PL360184A1 (en) 2004-09-06
CA2454630C (en) 2008-01-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AR032238A2 (es) Un envase que comprende una pluralidad de articulos absorbentes y un empaque que puede volverse a cerrar
AR007633A1 (es) Una bolsa de empaque flexible con caracteristica de exhibicion visual
AR024278A1 (es) Caja de baja profundidad apilable con estructura de manija
AR041443A1 (es) Envase para compensar la presion de vacio
BR0000047B1 (pt) “Método de medição da espessura entre as superfícies de um artigo de vidro formado a quente e aparelho para medição de espessura de parede de artigos ocos de vidro moldados.”
ES2196869T3 (es) Caja de cables.
AR036023A1 (es) Caja para contener y exhibir un producto, pieza bruta para formar la caja, articulo encajado que comprende la caja, y metodo para envasar en una caja un articulo
AR047947A1 (es) Un envase comprimido que tiene un mecanismo de apertura y un miembro de expansion
PE104299A1 (es) Envase de contencion para articulos grabados
GT200300058A (es) Envase para articulos de fumar
AR030440A1 (es) Caja, estructura insertada y modelo para su armado
AR038763A1 (es) Una caja de tipo envolvente para articulos de distinto tamano y el molde para realizarla
ES2172814T3 (es) Dispositivo para el almacenado principalmente en plano de articulos del tipo de botella.
AR023322A1 (es) Cierrapuertas
CO5611073A2 (es) Ensamblaje de un cepillo de dientes
ES2103268T3 (es) Elemento portador de articulos de agarre superior.
ES2185174T3 (es) Soporte de transporte de articulos.
ES2191917T3 (es) Embalaje con precinto.
ES2123244T3 (es) Dispositivo para el mezclado de dos fluidos.
ES2144893B1 (es) Bisagra de articulacion de cruceta.
ES2169852T3 (es) Frigorifico empotrable.
ES2087051T1 (es) Cierre de costado.
ES2118339T3 (es) Procedimiento de fabricacion de una caja de registro.
PT962397E (pt) Envelope destacavel e processo de fabrico de tal envelope
ES2099307T3 (es) Puerta de frigorifico.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FA Abandonment or withdrawal