AP961A - Serpentine heat exchanger - Google Patents

Serpentine heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
AP961A
AP961A APAP/P/1998/001231A AP9801231A AP961A AP 961 A AP961 A AP 961A AP 9801231 A AP9801231 A AP 9801231A AP 961 A AP961 A AP 961A
Authority
AP
ARIPO
Prior art keywords
serpentine
wires
heat exchanger
attached
straight pipe
Prior art date
Application number
APAP/P/1998/001231A
Other versions
AP9801231A0 (en
Inventor
Roberto Dall'oro
Pier Luigi Picco
Remo Prato
Original Assignee
Bundy Int Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bundy Int Ltd filed Critical Bundy Int Ltd
Publication of AP9801231A0 publication Critical patent/AP9801231A0/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AP961A publication Critical patent/AP961A/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/007—Condensers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making

Abstract

A method for building a serpentine heat exchanger, particularly a condenser for refrigerating circuits being profiled in such a way to present from a lateral side view and relative to at least one part of its length an inclination the direction of which is suddenly or progressively inverted at least once relative to a plane which is substantially parallel to one of the directions defined by the extension of the exchanger (3), in particular relative to a plane substantially parallel to the principal direction of a flow of air in which the exchanger (3) is located, and in special manner relative to a substantially vertical or substantially horizontal plane. According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps: a) the construction at least of the serpentine or of the complete exchanger in a flat configuration; b) the bending and/or moulding, or deforming of the flat serpentine or of the flat complete exchanger in a way to assume the desired inclinations.

Description

Serpentine Heat Exchanger
Method for building a serpentine heat exchanger particularly a condenser for refrigerating circuits and serpentine heat exchanger according to the said method.
The invention refers to a method for building a serpentine heat exchanger, particularly a condenser for refrigerating circuits being profiled in such a way to present from a lateral side view and relative to at least one part of its length an inclination the direction of which is suddenly or progressively inverted at least once relative to a plane which is substantially parallel to the general plane of the heat exchanger, in particular relative to a plane substantially parallel to the principal direction of a flow of air in which the exchanger is located, relative to a substantially vertical or substantially horizontal plane.
Such kind of exchanger or condenser are known and normally they show an undulated or a zigzag profile. One such heat exchanger is disclosed in GB
736155 and comprises a pipe bent into a serpentine configuration consisting of a series of substantially parallel straight pipe sections, a plurality of wires attached to each side of the serpentine configuration, the wires extending along the length of the serpentine configuration and being attached to the straight pipe sections thereof, the heat exchanger being bent at two places along its length in order to provide an undulated or zigzag profile.
From the functional point of view this kind of exchanger ensure a great
AP/P/ 9 8/01231
AMENDED SHEET
AP' 0 0 9 6 1 :
-2improvement of the thermal exchange. Such kind of exchanger make it possible to increase the surface for thermal exchange or to increase the length of the serpentine, while maintaining their overall dimensions between certain limits.
Furthermore, the particular non-flat profile of the exchanger causes turbulences in the air flow along the exchanger thus increasing the efficiency of the thermal exchange.
On the other hand however, the manufacture of the said undulated or zigzag exchangers is not as simple as for the usual plane exchangers and the lines for building the usual plane exchangers can be hardly used to build undulated or zigzag profiled exchangers without any alteration for adaptation to the new product. Thus for the production of undulated or zigzag exchangers special lines are needed so that the costs of production rise compared to the production of usual plane exchangers.
An object of the present invention is to create a method for building a heat exchanger of the kind mentioned above, with which it is possible to avoid the aforementioned disadvantage and which ensures a low cost production of undulated and/or zigzag profiled exchangers of better quality.
The present invention achieves the before mentioned aim with a method for building exchangers of the kind mentioned at the beginning, which method is characterised by the steps of bending a pipe into a flat serpentine configuration consisting of a series of substantially parallel straight pipe sections, attaching a plurality of wires to each side of the flat serpentine configuration, said wires
AP/P/ 9 8/01 231
AMENDED SHEET
AH 00961
-3extending along the length of the flat serpentine configuration and being attached to said straight pipe sections thereof, and bending the flat serpentine configuration and the wires attached to it about an axis or axes corresponding to one or more of said straight pipe sections.
The bending may be made in several ways, using bending machines or utensils, dies, or other deforming tools.
In carrying out the invention it may be arranged that said flat serpentine configuration and the wires attached to it are bent about axes corresponding to alternate ones of said straight sections, and it is preferably arranged that the wires attached to opposite sides of the flat serpentine configuration are staggered one with respect to the other.
By arranging that the flat serpentine configuration is bent about an axis or axes corresponding to one or more of the straight pipe sections means that the pipe is subjected only to a torsion substantially around its own axis, and not to a bending along a transversal axis which normally leads to a weakening of the serpentine and to the reduction of the cross section of the pipe due to throttling of the pipe at the bending points.
The particulary choice of the position of the lines of bending and the staggered wires allows the bending of the exchanger from the flat configuration into the one showing at least some inclined sections avoiding any risk of tearing away the wires from the serpentine, i.e. breaking the point of soldering.
The above mentioned advantages are particularly relevant in the case of
AP/F/9 8 / 0 1 2 51
AMENDED SHEET
Λ i J»*' *wle
-4a zigzag profiled exchanger, in which there are different bending lines.
The invention refers also to a heat exchanger of the kind mentioned which comprises a pipe bent into a serpentine configuration consisting of a series of substantially parallel straight pipe sections, a plurality of wires attached to each side of the serpentine configuration, said wires extending along the length of the serpentine configuration and being attached to said straight pipe sections thereof, and characterised in that the serpentine configuration and the wires attached to it are bent about an axis or axes corresponding to one or more of said straight pipe sections.
Conveniently, it may be arranged that the serpentine configuration and the wires attached to it are bent about axes corresponding to alternate ones of said straight pipe sections, or alternatively it may be arranged that said serpentine configuration and the wires attached to it are bent about axes corresponding to different ones of said straight pipe sections to afford a zigzag profile, a saw tooth profile or an irregular profile.
Preferably, the wires attached to opposite sides of the serpentine configuration are staggered one with respect to the other.
The characteristic features of the invention and the advantages due to them will appear more clearly from the following description of a preferred embodiment which is illustrated in the annexed drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a refrigerator having a condenser with a regular zigzag profile according to the present invention.
AP/P/98/0 1251
AMENDED SHEET
AP 00961
Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a flat condenser built in the first step of the method according to the invention.
Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a condenser 5 bent in such a way to show a zigzag profile in the second step of the method according to the invention.
Figure -4 shows a refrigerator having a condenser with saw tooth profile.
Figure 5 shows a refrigerator having a condenser 10 with a irregular broken-line profile.
With reference to figure 1, a refrigerator 1 is positioned with its rear against a wall 2 of a room. The serpentine condenser of the refrigerating circuit is fitted externally to the rear face of the same refrigerator 1. Between the rear face of the same refrigerator 1 and the wall 2 of the room, a space may be left with a specified minimum distance, for the purpose of forming a kind of vertical conduit, in which will be generated a spontaneous rising flow of air which sweeps past and cools the condenser.
The condenser 3 which is a serpentine heat exchanger shows a zigzag profile when seen in the lateral elevation, i.e. from the side. The profile is a serrated one' with triangular teeth which are isosceles and all the same, but which may also be irregular and differing between themselves.
Figures 2 and 3 illustrates the two steps of the method for building such am exchanger.
In the first step (fig. 2) , the condenser or exchanger is built as a usual flat one. So it is possible to use the same lines of production of usual exchanger or condenser.
AP 00961
-6The second step concerns the bending, moulding, or deforming the flat exchanger 3 in the definitive zigzag profiled one.
In order to bend, mould., or deform the flat 5 exchanger to the bent, in the case of figures 1 to 3, zigzag configuration, it is possible to use any kind of means, like bending devices, moulds, or· other kinds of deforming devices.
As figures 2 and 3 clearly show^ preferably the 10 serpentine 103 of the exchanger 3 is oriented in such a way that the parallel sections 203 of the pipe are oriented transversally to the direction of the air flow passing through’ the exchanger, particularly substantially parallel to the lines of bending.
Preferably, the lines of bending are chosen in the vicinity of the parallel sections 203 of the serpentine pipe. Particularly, the bending lines can be chosen also perfectly coaxial with the corresponding sections 203 of the serpentine pipe 103.
In this case the serpentine pipe is not submitted to a bending which is transversal to its axis and which can lead to a weakening of the serpentine and to the throttling of the pipe in the zone of bending.
The serpentine pipe is submitted to a torsion substantially around its axis, and this kind of deformation eliminates the danger of any throttling.
As it results also from figure 2, the wires 303 which are fitted on both of the opposite aides of the serpentine are positioned staggered the ones of one side with respect to the other on the opposite side
This feature avoids any interference of the wires 303 with one another during bending of the exchanger 3 from its flat configuration to the bent' one.
AP/P/9 8 / 0 1 2 31
AP 00961
-7The angle of bending the inclined aeations depends on the different materials and on the kind of structure of the exchanger and may be calculated.
According to figures 4 and 5, the configuration of 5 the exchanger which may be obtained with the method according to the present invention is not limited to a regular zigzag profile.
Depending on the distances between the sections 203 of the serpentine pipe 103 which are parallel to the bending lines, it is also possible to construct exchangers having a saw tooth profile or a profile according to an irregular shaped broken line.
In the last case it is also possible to construct a serpentine having different distances between two adjacent serpentine pipe sections 203. This allows to obtain a very large number of different irregular or combined configurations.
In the examples shown in the figures, the lines of bending and the coinciding sections 203 of the serpentine pipe 103 are oriented transversally to the direction of the flow of air passing through the exchanger 3

Claims (6)

  1. CLALMS
    1. A method for building a serpentine heat exchanger (3), particularly a condenser for refrigerating circuits being profiled in such a way to present from a lateral side view and relative to at least one part of its length an inclination the
    5 direction of which is suddenly or progressively inverted at least once relative to a plane which is substantially parallel to the general plane of the heat exchanger (3), said method characterised by the steps of bending a pipe into a flat serpentine configuration (103) consisting of a series of substantially parallel straight pipe sections (203), attaching a plurality of wires (303) to each side of
    10 the flat serpentine configuration (103), said wires (303) extending along the length of the flat serpentine, configuration (103) and being attached to said straight pipe sections (203) thereof, and bending the flat serpentine configuration (103) and the wires (303) attached to it about an axis or axes corresponding to one or more of said straight pipe sections (203).
    15
  2. 2. A method according to claim 1, in which said flat serpentine configuration (103) and the wires (303) attached to it are bent about axes corresponding to alternate ones of said straight pipe sections (203).
  3. 3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the wires (303) attached to opposite sides of the flat serpentine configuration (103) are staggered
    20 one with respect to the other.
  4. 4. Serpentine heat exchanger (3), particularly a condenser for
    AP/P/98/0 1 2 31 amended sheet
    AP 00961 —9— refrigerating circuits being profiled in such a way to present from a lateral side view and relative to at least one part of its length an inclination the direction of which is suddenly or progressively inverted at least once relative to a plane which is substantially parallel to the general plane of the heat exchanger (3), said
  5. 5 heat exchanger (3) comprising a pipe bent into a serpentine configuration (103) consisting of a series of substantially parallel straight pipe sections (203), a plurality of wires (303) attached to each side of the serpentine configuration (103), said wires (303) extending along the length of the serpentine configuration (103) and being attached to said straight pipe sections (203) thereof, characterised
    10 in that the serpentine configuration (103) and the wires (303) attached to it are bent about an axis or axes corresponding to one or more of said straight pipe sections (203).
    5. Serpentine heat exchanger (3) according to claim 4, in which said serpentine configuration (103) and the wires (303) attached to it are bent about
    15 axes corresponding to alternate ones of said straight pipe sections (203).
  6. 6. Serpentine heat exchanger (3) according to claim 4, in which said serpentine configuration (103) and the wires (303) attached to it are bent about axes corresponding to different ones of said straight pipe sections (203) to afford a zigzag profile, a saw tooth profile or an irregular profile.
    20 7. Serpentine heat exchanger (3) according to any of claims 4 to 6, in which the wires (303) attached to opposite sides of the serpentine configuration (103) are staggered one with respect to the other.
APAP/P/1998/001231A 1995-11-13 1996-11-07 Serpentine heat exchanger AP961A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT95SV000026A IT1284421B1 (en) 1995-11-13 1995-11-13 COIL HEAT EXCHANGER, IN PARTICULAR CONDENSER FOR REFRIGERATING CIRCUITS.
PCT/GB1996/002769 WO1997018428A1 (en) 1995-11-13 1996-11-13 Serpentine heat exchanger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AP9801231A0 AP9801231A0 (en) 1998-06-30
AP961A true AP961A (en) 2001-04-30

Family

ID=11408140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
APAP/P/1998/001231A AP961A (en) 1995-11-13 1996-11-07 Serpentine heat exchanger

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US6389695B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0861409B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000500225A (en)
KR (1) KR19990067498A (en)
CN (1) CN1202235A (en)
AP (1) AP961A (en)
AU (1) AU7578896A (en)
BR (1) BR9611433A (en)
DE (1) DE69606655T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2142098T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3032785T3 (en)
HU (1) HU222395B1 (en)
IT (1) IT1284421B1 (en)
MX (1) MX9803785A (en)
PL (1) PL182869B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2168134C2 (en)
TR (1) TR199800843T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1997018428A1 (en)

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NO20005974D0 (en) * 2000-11-24 2000-11-24 Sinvent As Cooling or heat pump system with heat release when temperature changes
US7478541B2 (en) * 2004-11-01 2009-01-20 Tecumseh Products Company Compact refrigeration system for providing multiple levels of cooling
EP2153140A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2010-02-17 Arçelik Anonim Sirketi A cooling device
KR100896407B1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-08 주식회사 경동나비엔 Heat exchanger and manufacturing method of heat exchanging pipe composing thereof
DE102008047330B3 (en) 2008-09-16 2009-07-23 Alstom Technology Ltd. Process for the factory prefabrication of a heat-treated steel nickel alloy serpentine pipe in sections and subsequent on-site assembly
DE102008047329B3 (en) * 2008-09-16 2009-07-23 Alstom Technology Ltd. Producing and mounting nickel alloy-based superheater tube coils, for steam generators, includes forming and hardening tubes in workshop before mounting and hardening weld seams on site
CN101530884B (en) * 2009-04-03 2011-05-11 江苏常发制冷股份有限公司 Tilting device for refrigerator evaporator
KR101974360B1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2019-05-03 삼성전자주식회사 Refrigerator
US9791221B1 (en) * 2012-10-30 2017-10-17 Whirlpool Corporation Condenser assembly system for an appliance
ES2559689B1 (en) * 2014-08-14 2016-12-01 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Household appliance with an agent carrying tube and a surrounding shrink sleeve, method of producing a household appliance, and use of a tube
CN109405597A (en) * 2018-09-12 2019-03-01 盐城项远环保设备有限公司 A kind of industrial high temperature exhaust gas cooling device
CN111642132A (en) * 2019-01-02 2020-09-08 广东美的白色家电技术创新中心有限公司 Heat exchanger, heat exchange assembly and air conditioning equipment
KR20210070841A (en) * 2019-12-05 2021-06-15 코웨이 주식회사 Condensor for purifier, method for manufacturing the same, and purifier having the same
CN114623504B (en) * 2020-12-11 2023-07-14 广东美的白色家电技术创新中心有限公司 Air conditioner indoor unit and air conditioner

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB736155A (en) * 1951-11-06 1955-09-07 Gen Electric Improvements in and relating to refrigerators
DE8531335U1 (en) * 1985-11-06 1985-12-19 Zehnder-Beutler GmbH, 7630 Lahr Heat body

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FR965464A (en) 1950-09-13
US1773249A (en) 1928-08-21 1930-08-19 Fedders Mfg Co Inc Condenser
US2705877A (en) * 1951-09-22 1955-04-12 Gen Electric Heat transfer apparatus
US2706105A (en) * 1951-11-06 1955-04-12 Gen Electric Heat transfer apparatus
US2908070A (en) * 1954-03-05 1959-10-13 Reynolds Metals Co Method of making serpentine tube finned heat exchanger and product
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US3460225A (en) * 1966-09-26 1969-08-12 Resistance Welder Corp Method of forming a wire condenser mat welder
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB736155A (en) * 1951-11-06 1955-09-07 Gen Electric Improvements in and relating to refrigerators
DE8531335U1 (en) * 1985-11-06 1985-12-19 Zehnder-Beutler GmbH, 7630 Lahr Heat body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000500225A (en) 2000-01-11
RU2168134C2 (en) 2001-05-27
ITSV950026A0 (en) 1995-11-13
PL182869B1 (en) 2002-03-29
BR9611433A (en) 1999-03-23
AU7578896A (en) 1997-06-05
PL326624A1 (en) 1998-10-12
HUP9904135A3 (en) 2000-12-28
AP9801231A0 (en) 1998-06-30
GR3032785T3 (en) 2000-06-30
ITSV950026A1 (en) 1997-05-13
DE69606655T2 (en) 2000-08-03
TR199800843T2 (en) 1998-09-21
EP0861409B1 (en) 2000-02-09
ES2142098T3 (en) 2000-04-01
US6389695B1 (en) 2002-05-21
EP0861409A1 (en) 1998-09-02
DE69606655D1 (en) 2000-03-16
KR19990067498A (en) 1999-08-25
CN1202235A (en) 1998-12-16
HU222395B1 (en) 2003-06-28
MX9803785A (en) 1998-09-30
WO1997018428A1 (en) 1997-05-22
IT1284421B1 (en) 1998-05-21
HUP9904135A2 (en) 2000-04-28

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