AP477A

AP477A - Building method and structures.

Info

Publication number: AP477A
Application number: APAP/P/1994/000619A
Authority: AP
Inventors: Hendrik Landman
Original assignee: Scaffold Services Pvt Ltd
Priority date: 1993-02-15
Filing date: 1994-02-11
Publication date: 1996-03-22
Also published as: ZA94847B; AP9400619A0

Abstract

This invention relates to a building method and to structures erected by the method. The invention also relates to a kit suitable for carrying out the building method.

Description

According to the present invention a building method comprises the steps of:

providing a number of pre-formed upright members; erecting the upright members substantially vertical and in spaced relationship relative to each other;

providing one	or	more elongate	securing members
for securing	the	upright members directly or
indirectly to	each	other;
securing adjacent	spaced apart	upright	members

directly or indirectly to each other by means of the one or more securing members; and in situ casting a wall section between the one or more pairs of spaced apart upright members thereby forming a wall structure.

The one or more securing members may be utilised to secure the adjacent spaced apart upright members directly to each other. Preferably the upright members are secured to each other prior to the in situ casting of a wall section therebetween.

BAD ORIGINAL &

Alternatively the one or more securing members may be utilised to secure the adjacent spaced apart upright members indirectly to each other by securing it to to an in situ cast wall section cast between the upright members.

Each securing member may comprise an elongate body and attachment formations towards the ends of the elongate body to attach the body to and between two erected upright members. Each attachment formation may comprise a formation transversely attached to the body towards an end thereof. Each attachment formation may be wedge-shaped with the narrow end thereof extending away from the body of the securing member.

Preferably, a number of securing members with different body lengths may be provided to fit between upright members being spaced apart at various distances from each other.

In one embodiment of the invention the body of the securing members may comprise two substantially parallel bars secured to each other by means of a number of spacers.

Alternatively, the body of a securing member may comprise three substantially co-extending rods and a spacer located between the rods towards their centre

BAD ORIGINAL A and the arrangement being such that the rods taper towards each other from the spacer to their respective ends.

Each upright member may include one or more receptacle formations for receiving one or more attachment formations of a securing member. Each receptacle formation may comprise an eye formation for receiving an attachment formation therein.

A securing member with wedge-shaped attachment formations may be utilised to secure two adjacent spaced apart upright members by wedging the wedge-shaped attachment formation on one side of the securing member into an eye formation provided on one upright member and wedging the other wedge-shaped formation on the other side of the securing member in an eye formation provided on the other upright member.

The upright members may comprise any suitable crosssectional configurations and such configurations will largely depend on the type and shape of structure to be erected.

Upright members may be provided with, for example, substantially cross-shaped, T-shaped, L-shaped and stepped-shaped cross-sectional configurations to define different corner joints in a structure. Preferably all

BAD ORIGINAL the corner joints in a structure are formed by the pre-formed upright members.

One or more substantially flat upright members which are flat from side to side may also be provided. In use these upright members may be erected between two upright members defining corners, thereby shortening the length of the in situ cast wall sections.

The upright members may comprise pre-cast upright members and may be made of any suitable hydraulic setting composition.

Each upright members may include a fit formation on each side thereof which is in use received against an in situ cast wall sections to improve the joint formed between the upright member and the in situ cast wall section. A fit formation may comprise any one or more of a stepped formation, a lip formation or a groove formation on or in the side of an upright member.

The method may include the further steps of casting a foundation for the structure to be erected on and thereafter erecting the upright members on the foundation. The foundation may include reinforcing therein .

An in situ cast wall sections between a pair of upright

BAD ORIGINAL ft members may be formed by casting an hydraulic setting composition between shuttering provided between two adjacent and spaced apart upright members.

One or more door frames and/or window frames may be cast in an in situ cast wall section. Plumbing and/or electrical wiring may also be cast in an in situ cast wall section.

Grooves extending across the top of an in situ cast wall section may also be cast into one or more in situ cast wall sections in use to receive roof rafters therein. The bottoms of the grooves may be slanted in use allowing a slanted roof rafter to rest flush on the bottom. The grooves may be formed by casting removable blocks into the in situ cast wall sections.

Tie means for tying roof rafters to in situ cast wall sections may also be cast into the cast wall sections. The tie means may comprise wire.

The method may also include the step of forming one or more gables on the wall structure formed by the method. The gable may be formed by providing a gable centre piece; casting the gable centre piece into an in situ cast wall section in order that it extends above the in situ cast wall section; and casting a gable wall on the cast wall the gable wall slanting downwards from

BAD ORIGINAL ft the gable centre piece to the structure.

The gable centre piece may comprise a post with an aperture therethrough. The gable centre piece may comprise a pre-cast member.

The method may also include the step of erecting a roof over a suitable wall structure formed.

The roof may be formed by providing and securing a roof beam to extend from one gable to another; providing a number of roof rafters and securing them to the roof beam to extend transversely therefrom onto the wall structure formed by the method; and providing a suitable roof covering over the roof beam and rafters.

The method may also comprise the step of providing brandering and securing it across the roof rafters.

The method may also comprise the step of providing a ceiling and securing it to the roof. The ceiling may comprise sheet material secured to the rafters. The sheet material may comprise aluminium foil.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a structure built by the method described hereinabove. The structure may comprise a house.

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According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a kit for forming a structure, the kit comprises a number of pre-formed upright members, and one or more elongate securing members for in use securing the upright member together when they are in use erected substantially vertical and in spaced relationship relative to each other.

The kit may also include shuttering for in situ casting wall sections between the spaced apart vertical upright members to form a wall structure.

The kit may further include one or more window and/or door frames; and/or plumbing; and/or electrical wiring to be cast into the in situ cast wall sections.

The kit may further include means for making a roof. The means may include one or more members of the group consisting of one or more gable centre pieces; a roof beam, roof rafters; brandering; insulating sheet material; and suitable roof covering.

According to yet a further aspect of the invention a building method comprises the steps of:

providing a number of pre-formed upright members;

BAD ORIGINAL ft erecting the upright members substantially vertical and in spaced relationship relative to each other;

providing one or more elongate securing members for securing the upright members directly or indirectly to each other;

securing adjacent spaced apart upright members directly or indirectly to each other by means of the one or securing members; and

- in situ forming a wall section between the one or more pairs of spaced apart upright members thereby forming a wall structure.

Without thereby limiting the scope of the invention and by means of example only, one embodiment thereof will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a partly formed structure according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of an upright member of Figure 1 and part of a securing member attached thereto;

Figure 3 is a close-up perspective view of a securing member attached to the upright member of

Figure 2;

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- 9 Figure 4a is a perspective view of one securing member according to the invention;

Figure 4b is a perspective view of an alternative securing member according to the invention;

Figure 5 is a plan view of the structure of Figure 1 with some wall sections cast in situ;

Figure 6 is an end view of the part of the structure of Figure 1 wherein the in situ cast wall sections are cast and with the gable partly formed thereon;

Figure 7 is a perspective view of part of the structure of Figure 1 showing grooves for roof rafters formed in an in situ cast wall section; and

Figure 8 is a perspective view of part of the more complete structure of Figure 1 with the roof partly formed thereon.

In the accompanying drawings the same reference numerals are used to denote corresponding parts.

t

Referring now to the drawings a structure 10 is erected by a method comprising the steps of:

casting a foundation [not shown] for the structure io;

providing a number of pre-formed upright members 11 to 23;

erecting the said upright members 11 to 23 vertically and in a spaced relationship to each other on the said foundation;

providing securing members 24 and securing adjacent spaced apart upright members together with the securing members 24; and

- in situ casting wall sections 26 [Figure 5]

between thereby	pairs forming	of the	spaced apart upright structure .	members
The upright	members	11	to 23 are pre-cast	upright
members made of	any	suitable hydraulic	setting

composition such as a mixture of Portland cement and a suitable aggregate material.

All the corner joints in the structure 10 are formed by the pre-cast upright members and for this purpose the upright members are provided with suitable crosssectional configurations such as substantially L-shaped [member 11], T-shaped [member 13], cross-shaped [member 21] and stepped-shaped [member 18] cross-sectional configurations.

Where two adjacent corners are relatively far apart from each other [for example members 19 and 11] a flat member 20 which is flat from side to side may be erected between them, thereby shortening the length of the wall sections 26 to be cast in situ between the

- 11 BAD ORIGINAL said corners. This does not only strengthen the structure but it is also easier to cast a shorter wall section .

Each upright member includes a fit formation in the form of a groove 29 in the sides thereof which are in use received against the in situ cast wall sections 26 thereby to improve the joint formed between an upright member and an in situ cast wall section 26.

Each upright member 11 to 23 is provided with two receptacle formations in each of the grooves 29, the receptacle formations being in the form of eye formations 25 (as shown in Figures 2 and 3 J.

The securing members 24 in use serve to prevent relative movement between the uprights members.

Referring now to Figure 4a a securing member 24 comprises an elongate body formed by two parallel bars 24.1 and 24.2. The bar 24.2 is shorter than the bar 24.1 and is secured to the bar 24.1 by means of spacers 24.3. Transversely attached to each end of the securing member 24 is a wedge-shaped attachment formation 24.4. The narrow end of each wedge-shaped attachment formation 24.4 extends away from the body of the securing member 24.

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Referring now to Figure 4b an alternative securing member 24b comprises an elongate body formed by three co-extending rods 24b.1 and a spacer ring 24b.2 located between the rods 24b.1 towards their centre. The rods 24b. 1 taper towards each other from the spacer ring 24b.2 to their respective ends. Transversely attached to each end of the securing member 24b is a wedge-shaped attachment formation 24b.3. The narrow end of each wedge-shaped attachment formation 24b.3 extends away from the body of the securing member 24b.

Securing members 24 [or 24b] may be provided with different body lengths to fit between upright members being spaced apart at various distances from each other .

In the example a securing member 24 is used to secure two adjacent upright members to each other by wedging the wedge-shaped attachment formation 24.3 on one side of the means 24 into an eye formation 25 on an upright member [Figure 3] while the other wedge-shaped attachment formation 24.3 on the other side of the means 24 is wedged into an opposing eye formation 25 on the adjacent upright member. By using two securing members 24, one above the other, two adjacent upright members are secured to each other.

Shuttering 27 and 28 [Figure 5] is used to cast wall

- 13 BAD ORIGINAL sections 26 in situ between adjacent upright members.

The shuttering comprises panels 27 and securing members

28. The shuttering fits onto the sides of the upright members.

The securing members 24 also act as reinforcing in the in situ cast wall sections 26.

The in situ cast wall sections 26 may also include one

or more	door	frames [not	shown]	and/or	windows	[ not
shown]	cast	therein .	Furthermore,	plumbing	and
electrical wiring [not shown] may	also be cast in	the
in situ	cast	wall sections	26.

Referring now to Figure 6, one or more gables are formed on the structure. The gables are formed on opposing ends of the structure 10. The gables are formed by casting a gable centre piece 30 in an in situ cast wall section. A gable wall 38 [Figure 8] is then cast by means of shuttering 27 and 28 [as shown in Figure 6]. The gable wall 38 slants downwardly from the gable centre piece 30 to the wall structure 10.

The gable centre piece 30 comprises a cast post with an aperture 30.1 therethrough. The base 30.2 is narrower than the rest of the post 31 and is in use received in ^an in situ cast wall section 26. The top 30.3 of the centre piece 30 is angled.

BAD ORIGINAL ft

Referring now to Figure 7 grooves 31 are formed in the in situ cast wall sections 26 in use to receive roof rafters 32 therein. The bottoms 31.1 of the grooves 31 are slanted downwardly from the inside surface of the wall section 20 to the outside of the wall section.

The grooves 31 may be formed by casting blocks such as wood blocks [not shown] in the in situ cast wall section and removing the blocks once the wall section has set.

Tie means in the form of wire 33 are also cast into the in situ cast wall sections 26.

The structure 10 may also be provided with a roof 33.

The roof 33 includes a roof beam 34 extending from one gable centre piece to another and extends through the apertures 30.1 in the centre pieces 30. Roof rafters 32 are provided in pairs and are secured to each other at their one or upper ends with a single bolt or the like [not shown] allowing a pair of rafters 32 to hinge transversely over the roof beam 34 with a roof rafter extending downwardly from each side of the beam 34.

The other or lower ends of the roof rafters 32 are received in the grooves 31 and are tied to the in situ cast wall sections by means of wire 33.

Insulating material such as aluminium foil 35 may then

- 15 - —

SAD ORIGINAL ft be placed over the rafters 32. Brandering 36 is then secured over the foil 35 on the rafters 32. Roof covering [not shown] in the form of tiles, corrugated iron or the like may then be secured to the brandering.

The upright members of a structure may all be erected prior to the casting of the wall sections. Alternatively, only some upright members may be erected and wall sections may be cast in situ between them and thereafter further upright members may be erected and further wall sections cast.

It will be appreciated that many variations in detail are possible without thereby departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A building method comprising the steps of:

providing a number of pre-formed upright members;

erecting the upright members substantially vertical and in spaced relationship relative to each other;

providing one or more elongate securing members ,, for securing the upright members directly or (

indirectly to each other;

securing adjacent spaced apart upright members directly or indirectly to each other by means of the one or more securing members; and

- in situ casting a wall section between the one or more pairs of spaced apart upright members thereby forming a wall structure.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more ( securing members are utilised to secure the adjacent spaced apart upright members indirectly to each other by securing it to an in situ cast wall section cast between such upright members.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more securing members are utilised to secure the adjacent and spaced apart upright members directly to each other .

BAD ORIGINAL ft

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the upright members are secured to each other prior to the in situ casting of a wall section therebetween.

5. The method of either one of claims 3 or 4 wherein each securing member comprises an elongate body and attachment formations towards the ends of the elongate body to attach the body to and between two erected upright members.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein each attachment formation comprises a wedge-shaped formation transversely attached to the body towards an end thereof with the narrow end of the formation extending away from the body of the securing member .

7. The method of either one of claims 5 or 6 wherein each upright member includes one or more receptacle formations for receiving one or more attachment formations of a securing member.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein each receptacle formation comprises an eye formation for receiving an attachment formation therein.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein a securing member with wedge-shaped attachment formations is

BAD ORIGINAL ft utilised to secure two adjacent spaced apart upright members by wedging the wedge-shaped attachment formation on one side of the securing means into an eye formation provided on one upright member and wedging the other wedge-shaped formation on the other side of the securing member in an eye formation provided on the other upright member .

10. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the upright members comprise any suitable cross-sectional configurations.

11. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the upright members comprise pre-cast upright members and may be made of any suitable hydraulic setting composition.

12. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein each upright member includes a fit formation on each side thereof which is in use received against an in situ cast wall section to improve the joint formed between the upright member and an in situ cast wall section.

13. The method of any one of the preceding claims which includes the further steps of casting a foundation for the structure to be erected on and

- 19 BAD ORIGINAL

14.

15.

16.

17.

(

18.

thereafter erecting the upright members on the foundation .

The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein an in situ cast wall section between a pair of upright members is formed by casting an hydraulic setting composition between shuttering provided between two adjacent and spaced apart upright members.

The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein one or more door frames and/or window frames are cast in an in situ cast wall section.

The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein plumbing and/or electrical wiring is cast in an in situ cast wall section.

The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein grooves extending across the top of an in situ cast wall section are cast into one or more in situ cast wall sections in use to receive roof rafters therein.

The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein tie means for tying roof rafters to in situ cast wall sections are cast into the cast wall sections.

BAD ORIGINAL ft

- 20

19. The method of any one of the preceding claims which includes the step of forming one or more gables on the wall structure formed by the method.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the gable is formed by providing a gable centre piece; casting the gable centre piece into an in situ cast wall section in order that it extends above the in situ cast wall section; and casting a gable wall on the cast wall, the gable wall slanting downwards from the gable centre piece to the wall structure.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the gable centre piece comprises a post with an aperture therethrough .

22. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the method includes the step of erecting a roof over a suitable wall structure formed.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the roof is formed by providing and securing a roof beam to extend from one gable to another; providing a number of roof rafters and securing them to the roof beam to extend transversely therefrom onto the wall structure formed by the method; and providing a suitable roof covering over the roof beam and rafters.

BAD ORIGINAL ft

- 21

24. A building method substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

25. A structure built by the method of any one of the preceding claims.

26. A kit for forming a structure, the kit comprising a number of pre-formed upright members, and one or more elongate securing members for in use securing the upright member together when they are in use erected substantially vertical and in spaced relationship relative to each other .

27. The kit of claim 26 which includes shuttering for in situ casting wall sections between the spaced apart vertical upright members to form a wall structure .

28. The kit of either one of claims 26 or 27 which includes one or more window and/or door frames; and/or plumbing; and/or electrical wiring to be cast into the in situ cast wall sections.

29. The kit of any one of claim 26 to 28 which includes means for making a roof.

BAD ORIGINAL ft

30. A building method comprising the steps of :

providing a number of pre-formed upright members;

- providing one or more elongate securing members for securing the upright members directly or indirectly to each other;

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the wall section is formed by in situ casting.

32. The method of claim 30 wherein the wall section is formed by building blocks.

33. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein the one or more securing members are employed to secure adjacent spaced apart upright members directly to each other.

bad original 2

- 23 The method of claim 32 wherein the building units comprise building blocks.

35. A structure built by the method of any one of claims 30 to 34.