AP201A - Preparation of tea products. - Google Patents
Preparation of tea products. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AP201A AP201A APAP/P/1991/000273A AP9100273A AP201A AP 201 A AP201 A AP 201A AP 9100273 A AP9100273 A AP 9100273A AP 201 A AP201 A AP 201A
- Authority
- AP
- ARIPO
- Prior art keywords
- tea
- process according
- spent
- acid
- extracts
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 45
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 41
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/18—Extraction of water soluble tea constituents
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
A process for the preparation of water soluble tea extracts from spent tea residues formed during the hot aqueous extraction of tea leaves in the production of water soluble tea extracts which comprises hydrolysing the said spent tea residues with an acid catalyst at a temperature from 170 degrees celcius to 250 degrees celcius and a pressure from 120 to 600 psig for a period of from 5 to 120 seconds.
Description
The present invention relates to the preparation of tea products and more particularly to water soluble tea extracts prepared by acid hydrolysis of the spent tea residues formed during the hot aqueous extraction of tea leaves in the production of water soluble tea extracts.
The products of tea have been increasingly marketed in the form of water-soluble tea extracts, usually in the form of dry powders. Substantial research activity has been directed to improve the quality of tea beverage, having a flavour and colour as close as possible to that obtained by brewing tea leaves. Another aspect of soluble tea manufacturing is to increase the yield of tea soluble solids.
Methods of obtaining tea extracts from tea leaves using a series of countercurrent stages or a two-stage extraction are well-known. Temperatures of aqueous extraction vary from room temperature to elevated temperatures as high as 180°C with elevated pressures.
However, the predominantly remaining spent tea, i.e. tea extraction residue material, is currently discarded.
In US-A-4668525, a method is described for treating the spent tea leaf from a tea extraction process which comprises acidifying the spent tea leaf to reduce the pH to within the range of about 2.0 to 3.0 and subjecting the acidified spent tea leaf to further extraction with aqueous solvent at pressures of about 80-100 psig and temperatures of about 140°-170°C for at least 4 minutes and separating the remaining tea leaf solids from the aqueous solvent to leave a high temperature / high pressure aqueous extract. However, the resulting extract was found to have an unacceptable bitter taste with a pruny off-flavour.
AP 0 0 0 2 0 1
We have devised a method of hydrolysing spent tea solids in which the bitter taste and pruny off-flavour can be dramatically reduced in which the hydrolysis is carried out at a high temperature for a short time. It is thought that the formation of furfural is responsible for the pruny flavour and the bitter taste respectively and the quantity of this compound formed in our process is dramatically reduced.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of water-soluble tea extracts from spent tea residues formed during hot aqueous extraction of tea leaves in the production of water soluble tea extracts which comprises hydrolysing the said spent tea residues with an acid catalyst at a temperature from 170° to 250°C and a pressure from 120 to 6Q0 psig for a
Ϋ'ϊ·.' ·*$?%· period of from 5 to 120 seconds. ;
The water-soluble tea extracts may be obtained by conventional methods by the hot aqueous extraction of black or green tea leaves, for instance, using a series of countercurrent stages or a two-stage extraction. Temperatures of the aqueous extraction may vary from room temperature to up to 180°C or more with elevated pressures.
The spent tea residues may be dehydrated and are preferably ground before the hydrolysis for instance to an average particle size of from 0.05 to 2.0 millimetres.
The hydrolysis of the spent tea residues is advantageously carried out in a plug flow reactor. The principle of a plug flow reactor is described in Ind.Eng.Chem.Prod.Res.Dev., 18(3): 166(1979) by D.R.Thompson and H.E.Grethlein. Design and Evaluation of a Plug Flow Reactor for Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose. Basically, it comprises a slurry tank, a pump, a heating unit, an acid injection unit, a reactor tube, a heat exchanger and instrumentation for temperature control.
The acid used is conveniently a strong food grade qua5 lity acid such as HC1, HNO3, HjSO^, H3PO4, CH^COOH or citric acid. I^SO^ and are preferred. The amount of acid used may be from 0.01 to 15%, preferably from 0.1 to 2.0% and especially from 0.25 to 1.5% by weight of concentrated acid based on the weight of the spent tea residue.
The temperature of the reaction is preferably from 180°C to 240°C, the pressure is preferably from 150 to 500 psig and the duration of the process is preferably from
10 to 90 seconds.
The aqueous extract containing acid hydrolysate may then be separated from the insoluble residue conveniently by filtration. The acid hydrolysate may, if desired, be neutralised, preferably by means of calcium hydroxide, and then filtered to remove insoluble matter. Acids may also be removed by means of anion exchange resins.
The separated aqueous extract may be mixed with conventional aqueous tea extract, nature tea essence or enhancer. (Nature tea essences are those substances which are lost during evaporation and drying of tea extracts and are generally recovered by stripping and condensation, and added back into the tea concentrate before drying).
The separated aqueous extract may, if desired, be concentrated and spray dried to a moisture content of below 5%, preferably below 4% by weight.
The following Examples further illustrate the present invention.
AP 0 0 0 2 0 1
Examples 1-5
Dehydrated black tea residue grounds containing 10% solids obtained from the hot aqueous extraction of black tea leaves in the production of water soluble tea extracts, were hydrolysed in a continuous Plug Flow tubular reactor in the presence of the acid catalysts at the concentrations, temperatures and residence times indicated in Table I below:
TABLE I
| Example | Acid % | Temp. | °C Time ( secs) | Yield | % Furfural % (%/tea solubLe |
| 1 | Sulphuric 1 | 240 | 10 | 20 | 0.49 |
| 2 | Sulphuric 0.5 | 180 | 10 | 15 | 0.19 |
| 3 | Phosphoric 1 | 240 | 10 | 15 | 0.07 |
| 4 | Phosphoric 0.5 | 180 | 10 | 7 | 0.02 |
| 5 | Phosphoric 1 | 210 | 10 | 11 | 0.01 |
The hydrolysates were filtered and the filtered cake was then washed with deionised water. The filtrate was neutralised with CafOH^ and then filtered to remove the insoluble calcium salt of phosphate or sulphate.
The filtrate was substantially free of any bitter taste or pruny off-flavour and the amounts of furfural were low.
The filtrate was concentrated to 40-45% solids using an evaporator at 50°C. The concentrate of tea residue acid hydrolysate (10%) was blended with 35% by weight concentrate of tea aqueous extracts formed by conventional hot aqueous extraction containing 40-45% solids and tea essence and then spray dried at an inlet temperature of 150°C and an outlet temperature of 95eC using an
Anhydro spray drier. The finished product was controlled to a moisture content of below 4%.
Comparative Example
Dehydrated black tea residue grounds as used in the process of Examples 1-5 were hydrolysed in an autoclave batch reactor with 1% phosphoric acid at 190°C for 10 minutes. The amount of furfural was 4.1% by weight based on the weight of the tea soluble solids and the product had a bitter taste with a pruny off-flavour.
Claims (10)
1. A process for the preparation of water-soluble tea extracts from spent tea residues formed during the hot aqueous extraction of tea leaves in the production of water soluble tea extracts which comprises hydrolysing the said spent tea residues with an acid catalyst at a temperature from 170° to 250°C and a pressure from 120 to 600 psig for a period of from 5 to 120 seconds.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the hydrolysis of the spent tea residues is carried out in a plug flow reactor.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the acid is either sulphuric or phosphoric acid.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the temperature is from 180° to 240°C.
5. A process according to claim 1 wherein the pressure is from 150 to 500 psig.
6. A process according to claim 1 wherein the period is from 10 to 90 seconds.
7. A process according to claim 1 wherein the acid hydrolysate is neutralised.
8. A process according to claim 1 wherein aqueous extract is separated from the insoluble residue.
9. A process according to claim 8 wherein the separated aqueous extract is mixed with a conventional aqueous tea extract, nature tea essence or enhancer.
10 A process according to claim 8 wherein the separated aqueous extract is concentrated and spray dried to a moisture content of below 5% by weight.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/534,440 US5069925A (en) | 1990-06-07 | 1990-06-07 | Preparation of tea products |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AP9100273A0 AP9100273A0 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| AP201A true AP201A (en) | 1992-06-30 |
Family
ID=24130041
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| APAP/P/1991/000273A AP201A (en) | 1990-06-07 | 1991-06-06 | Preparation of tea products. |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5069925A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0460401B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04228027A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1030683C (en) |
| AP (1) | AP201A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE87177T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU628779B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2043086A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69100050T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0460401T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2055486T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK114094A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE65867B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO300663B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ238128A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT97887B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA913614B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5213833A (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1993-05-25 | Sankyo Company, Limited | Preserving agent and method for its production |
| DE69100127T2 (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1993-10-07 | Nestle Sa | Water-soluble tea extracts. |
| US8354069B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2013-01-15 | Authentix, Inc. | Plug flow system for identification and authentication of markers |
| JP4739036B2 (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2011-08-03 | 長谷川香料株式会社 | Process for producing a processed tea extraction product with improved flavor |
| JP5232533B2 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2013-07-10 | 英 三 張 | Production method of natural health tea |
| US20110117263A1 (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2011-05-19 | Young-Sam Jang | Health tea and method for preparing the same |
| JP7246129B2 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2023-03-27 | キリンビバレッジ株式会社 | Heat sterilized packaged beverage |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0067351B1 (en) * | 1981-06-11 | 1985-05-08 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Process for preparing a powdered tea extract |
| US4668525A (en) * | 1982-01-05 | 1987-05-26 | Thomas J. Lipton, Inc. | Tea extraction process |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2785979A (en) * | 1954-04-14 | 1957-03-19 | George F Mitchell | Processes for preparing tea products |
| US3666484A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1972-05-30 | Lipton Inc Thomas J | Process for making a spray-dried instant tea of desired bulk density |
| US4508745A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1985-04-02 | General Foods Corporation | Production of a mannan oligomer hydrolysate |
| DE69100127T2 (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1993-10-07 | Nestle Sa | Water-soluble tea extracts. |
-
1990
- 1990-06-07 US US07/534,440 patent/US5069925A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-05-03 DK DK91107168.6T patent/DK0460401T3/en active
- 1991-05-03 DE DE9191107168T patent/DE69100050T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-03 AT AT91107168T patent/ATE87177T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-03 ES ES91107168T patent/ES2055486T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-03 EP EP91107168A patent/EP0460401B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-07 AU AU76400/91A patent/AU628779B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-09 IE IE158091A patent/IE65867B1/en unknown
- 1991-05-13 ZA ZA913614A patent/ZA913614B/en unknown
- 1991-05-13 NZ NZ238128A patent/NZ238128A/en unknown
- 1991-05-21 CN CN91103404A patent/CN1030683C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-23 CA CA002043086A patent/CA2043086A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-06-03 NO NO912124A patent/NO300663B1/en unknown
- 1991-06-06 JP JP3134897A patent/JPH04228027A/en active Pending
- 1991-06-06 PT PT97887A patent/PT97887B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-06 AP APAP/P/1991/000273A patent/AP201A/en active
-
1994
- 1994-10-20 HK HK114094A patent/HK114094A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0067351B1 (en) * | 1981-06-11 | 1985-05-08 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Process for preparing a powdered tea extract |
| US4668525A (en) * | 1982-01-05 | 1987-05-26 | Thomas J. Lipton, Inc. | Tea extraction process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1030683C (en) | 1996-01-17 |
| JPH04228027A (en) | 1992-08-18 |
| NO300663B1 (en) | 1997-07-07 |
| AU628779B2 (en) | 1992-09-17 |
| NO912124L (en) | 1991-12-09 |
| AP9100273A0 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| DK0460401T3 (en) | 1993-08-23 |
| HK114094A (en) | 1994-10-27 |
| AU7640091A (en) | 1991-12-12 |
| IE911580A1 (en) | 1991-12-18 |
| EP0460401B1 (en) | 1993-03-24 |
| ES2055486T3 (en) | 1994-08-16 |
| NZ238128A (en) | 1993-04-28 |
| ZA913614B (en) | 1992-02-26 |
| EP0460401A1 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
| DE69100050T2 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
| ATE87177T1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
| US5069925A (en) | 1991-12-03 |
| IE65867B1 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
| CN1056985A (en) | 1991-12-18 |
| NO912124D0 (en) | 1991-06-03 |
| CA2043086A1 (en) | 1991-12-08 |
| PT97887B (en) | 1999-01-29 |
| DE69100050D1 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
| PT97887A (en) | 1992-04-30 |
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