WO2024048559A1 - Light-emitting device and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a light-emitting device comprising a meta-material having a function other than a light-condensing effect.　The light-emitting device comprises: a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed in a two-dimensional manner; and a plurality of meta-materials provided to respectively correspond to the plurality of light-emitting elements. The meta-materials include a plurality of nano-structures disposed in a two-dimensional manner. The plurality of nano-structures include a plurality of separation-structured nano-structures which are separated in the height direction of the plurality of nano-structures. The plurality of separation-structured nano-structures are provided to the outer peripheral portions of light-emitting regions corresponding to the light-emitting elements.

Description

Light emitting devices and electronic equipment

The present disclosure relates to a light emitting device and an electronic device including the same.

In the technical field of light emitting devices, metalens technology, in which lenses are formed from structures with a wavelength smaller than that of light, is widely known. The main function of metalens is the light focusing effect by controlling the phase of light. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a display device in which a plurality of nanolenses are configured by forming a plurality of nanostructures in a single layer on an encapsulation layer.

International Publication No. 2018/222688 pamphlet

The next generation of metalens is desired to have not only a light-gathering effect but also other functions. However, with the nanolens described in Patent Document 1, it is difficult to obtain functions other than the light focusing effect.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a light-emitting device including a metamaterial having a function other than a light-gathering effect, and an electronic device including the same.

In order to solve the above problems, a first light emitting device according to the present disclosure includes:
A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
and a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
The metamaterial includes multiple nanostructures arranged in two dimensions,
The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of separated structural nanostructures separated in the height direction of the nanostructures,
The plurality of separated nanostructures are provided at the outer periphery of the light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element.

The second light emitting device according to the present disclosure includes:
A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
and a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
Metamaterials include multiple nanostructures,
The plurality of nanostructures are three-dimensionally arranged so as to form a staircase shape descending from the center of the light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element toward the outer periphery of the light emitting region.

The third light emitting device according to the present disclosure includes:
A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
and a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
Metamaterials include multiple nanostructures,
The plurality of nanostructures are arranged so as to constitute a plurality of diagonal rows in a cross-sectional view,
The diagonal rows become further apart from the central axis of the light emitting element as they get farther away from the light emitting element in cross-sectional view.

A fourth light emitting device according to the present disclosure includes:
A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
and a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
The metamaterial includes multiple nanostructures arranged in two dimensions,
The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of first nanostructures and a plurality of second nanostructures,
The plurality of second nanostructures are provided at the outer periphery of the light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element,
The plurality of first nanostructures are provided inside the outer peripheral part,
The bottom of the second nanostructure is located higher than the bottom of the first nanostructure.

An electronic device according to the present disclosure includes a first light-emitting device, a second light-emitting device, a third light-emitting device, or a fourth light-emitting device.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a display device according to a first embodiment. FIGS. 2A and 2B are plan views showing enlarged portions of the display area. 3A and 3B are plan views showing a portion of the display area in an enlarged manner. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 2A. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4. 6A, FIG. 6B, FIG. 6C, and FIG. 6D are process diagrams for explaining the method for manufacturing the display device according to the first embodiment. 7A, FIG. 7B, and FIG. 7C are process diagrams for explaining the method for manufacturing the display device according to the first embodiment. 8A, FIG. 8B, and FIG. 8C are process diagrams for explaining the method for manufacturing the display device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a third embodiment. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a comparative example. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of FIG. 14. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a sixth embodiment. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a seventh embodiment. FIG. 18A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a first example of the resonator structure. FIG. 18B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a second example of the resonator structure. FIG. 19A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a third example of the resonator structure. FIG. 19B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a fourth example of the resonator structure. FIG. 20A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a fifth example of the resonator structure. FIG. 20B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sixth example of the resonator structure. FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the seventh example of the resonator structure. FIG. 22A is a front view of the digital still camera. FIG. 22B is a rear view of the digital still camera. FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the head mounted display. FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the television device. FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the see-through head mounted display. FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the smartphone. FIG. 27A is a diagram showing the inside of the vehicle from the rear to the front of the vehicle. FIG. 27B is a diagram showing the interior of the vehicle from diagonally rearward to diagonally forward.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in the following order with reference to the drawings. In addition, in all the figures of the following embodiment, the same code|symbol is attached to the same or corresponding part.
1 First embodiment (example of display device)
2 Second embodiment (example of display device)
3 Third embodiment (example of display device)
4 Fourth embodiment (example of display device)
5 Fifth embodiment (example of display device)
6 Sixth embodiment (example of display device)
7 Seventh embodiment (example of display device)
8 Modified Examples 9 Analysis Examples by Simulation 10 Examples of Resonator Structures Applied to Each Embodiment 11 Application Examples

<1 First embodiment>
[Configuration of display device 101]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a display device 101 according to the first embodiment. The display device 101 has a display area RE1 and a peripheral area RE2 provided around the display area RE1. In this specification, the horizontal direction of the display area RE1 is referred to as a horizontal direction _DX , and the vertical direction of the display area RE1 is referred to as a vertical direction _DY . Further, a direction perpendicular to both the horizontal direction _DX and the vertical direction _DY and away from the display surface is referred to as a front direction Dz.

FIG. 2A is an enlarged plan view of a part of the display area RE1. A plurality of sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are two-dimensionally arranged in a prescribed arrangement pattern within the display region RE1. FIG. 2A shows an example in which the prescribed arrangement pattern is a striped arrangement. The prescribed arrangement pattern is not limited to a stripe arrangement, but may be a mosaic arrangement (see FIG. 2B), a square arrangement (see FIG. 3A), a delta arrangement (see FIG. 3B), or other arrangement. A pad portion 101a, a driver for displaying an image (not shown), and the like are provided in the peripheral region RE2. A flexible printed circuit (FPC) (not shown) may be connected to the pad portion 101a.

The sub-pixel 10R can emit red light (first light). The sub-pixel 10G can emit green light (second light). The sub-pixel 10B can emit blue light (third light). In FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B, the sections marked with symbols "R," "G," and "B" represent sub-pixel 10R, sub-pixel 10G, and sub-pixel 10B, respectively.

In the following description, the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to collectively as the sub-pixel 10 without any particular distinction. One pixel (one pixel) 10Px is composed of, for example, a plurality of adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10G, 10B, or a plurality of adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10G, 10B, 10B.

The shape of the sub-pixel 10 is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a rectangular shape or a hexagonal shape when viewed from above, but the shape is not limited to these shapes. In this specification, the rectangular shape includes a square shape. Note that FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 3A show examples in which the sub-pixels 10 have a rectangular shape in a plan view, and FIG. 3B shows an example in which the sub-pixels 10 have a hexagonal shape in a plan view. The upper limit of the size of the sub-pixel 10 is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, even more preferably 5 μm or less, 4 μm or less, or 3.5 μm or less. The lower limit of the size of the sub-pixel 10 is, for example, 1 μm or more.

The display device 101 is an example of a light emitting device. The display device 101 may be a top emission type OLED display device. Display device 101 may be a microdisplay. The display device 101 may be included in a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, an electronic view finder (EVF), a small projector, or the like.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 2A. The display device 101 includes a drive substrate 11, a plurality of light emitting elements (first light emitting element) 12R, a plurality of light emitting elements (second light emitting element) 12G, a plurality of light emitting elements (third light emitting element) 12B, and a protective layer. It includes a layer 13, an optical adjustment layer 14, a plurality of metamaterials 15R, a plurality of metamaterials 15G, a plurality of metamaterials 15B, a low refractive index layer 16, and a cover layer 17. Note that the low refractive index layer 16 and the cover layer 17 are provided as necessary, and do not need to be provided.

In this specification, of both surfaces of each layer constituting the display device 101, the surface that is the top side (display surface side) of the display device 101 is referred to as the first surface, and the bottom side (opposite to the display surface) of the display device 101 is referred to as the first surface. The side) is sometimes referred to as the second side. In this specification, a planar view means a planar view when the object is viewed from the front direction _DZ perpendicular to the first surface.

In the following description, when the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B are collectively referred to without particular distinction, they may be referred to as the light emitting elements 12. Similarly, when the metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B are collectively referred to without particular distinction, they may be referred to as the metamaterial 15.

(Drive board 11)
The drive board 11 is a so-called backplane, and drives a plurality of light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. The drive substrate 11 includes, for example, a substrate and an insulating layer in this order.

A plurality of drive circuits, a plurality of wirings (none of which are shown), etc. may be provided on the first surface of the substrate. The substrate may be made of, for example, a semiconductor with which transistors and the like can be easily formed, or may be made of glass or resin that has low moisture and oxygen permeability. Specifically, the substrate may be a semiconductor substrate, a glass substrate, a resin substrate, or the like. The semiconductor substrate includes, for example, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon, or the like. The glass substrate includes, for example, high strain point glass, soda glass, borosilicate glass, forsterite, lead glass, or quartz glass. The resin substrate includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylphenol, polyether sulfone, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and the like.

The insulating layer may be provided on the first surface of the substrate, cover the plurality of drive circuits, the plurality of wirings, etc., and flatten the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The insulating layer may insulate between the plurality of drive circuits, the plurality of wirings, etc. provided on the first surface of the substrate and the plurality of light emitting elements 12.

The insulating layer may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate of these. The organic insulating layer contains, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resin, acrylic resin, novolak resin, and the like. The inorganic insulating layer includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide (SiO _x ), silicon nitride (SiN _x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO _x N _y ), and the like.

( Light emitting elements 12R, 12G, 12B)
The color of the light emitted by the light emitting element 12R, the color of the light emitted by the light emitting element 12G, and the color of the light emitted by the light emitting element 12B are different. The light emitting element 12R can emit red light under control of a drive circuit or the like. The light emitting element 12G can emit green light under control of a drive circuit or the like. The light emitting element 12B can emit blue light under control of a drive circuit or the like. The light emitting element 12 is an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) element.

The light emitting element 12R is included in the sub-pixel 10R. The light emitting element 12G is included in the sub-pixel 10G. The light emitting element 12B is included in the sub-pixel 10B. The sub-pixel 10R is an example of a light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element 12R. The sub-pixel 10G is an example of a light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element 12G. The sub-pixel 10B is an example of a light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element 12B.

The plurality of light emitting elements 12 are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in a prescribed arrangement pattern. The prescribed arrangement pattern is as described as the prescribed arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10.

The light emitting element 12R includes a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122R, and a second electrode 123 on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in this order. The light emitting element 12G includes a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122G, and a second electrode 123 on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in this order. The light emitting element 12B includes a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122B, and a second electrode 123 on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in this order.

(OLED layers 122R, 122G, 122B)
The OLED layer 122R can emit red light. The OLED layer 122G can emit green light. OLED layer 122B can emit blue light.

The OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 122B are provided between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, respectively. The OLED layer 122R includes an organic light emitting layer (hereinafter referred to as "red organic light emitting layer") capable of emitting red light. The OLED layer 122R includes an organic light emitting layer (hereinafter referred to as "green organic light emitting layer") capable of emitting green light. The OLED layer 122B includes an organic light-emitting layer (hereinafter referred to as "blue organic light-emitting layer") that can emit blue light. In the following description, when the OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 112B are collectively referred to without particular distinction, they may simply be referred to as the OLED layer 122. Furthermore, when the red organic light-emitting layer, the green organic light-emitting layer, and the blue light-emitting layer are collectively referred to without particular distinction, they may simply be referred to as an organic light-emitting layer.

The OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 112B may be composed of a laminate including an organic light-emitting layer, and in that case, some layers (for example, an electron injection layer) of the laminate may be an inorganic layer. The OLED layer 122R includes, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a red organic light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer in this order from the first electrode 121 to the second electrode 123. The OLED layer 122G includes, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a green organic light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer in this order from the first electrode 121 to the second electrode 123. The OLED layer 122G includes, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a blue organic light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer in this order from the first electrode 121 to the second electrode 123.

The red organic light emitting layer can emit red light by recombining holes injected from the first electrode 121 and electrons injected from the second electrode 123. The green organic light emitting layer can emit green light due to the same phenomenon as the red organic light emitting layer described above. The blue organic light emitting layer can emit blue light due to the same phenomenon as the red organic light emitting layer described above.

The hole injection layer can increase the efficiency of hole injection into the organic light emitting layer of each color and can suppress leakage. The hole transport layer can increase hole transport efficiency to the organic light emitting layer of each color. The electron injection layer can increase the efficiency of electron injection into the organic light emitting layer of each color. The electron transport layer can increase the efficiency of electron transport to the organic light emitting layer.

(First electrode 121)
The first electrode 121 is provided on the second surface side of the OLED layer 122. The first electrode 121 is provided separately for the plurality of light emitting elements 12 within the display area RE1. That is, the first electrode 121 is divided between the light emitting elements 12 adjacent in the in-plane direction within the display region RE1. The first electrode 121 is an anode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, holes are injected from the first electrode 121 into the OLED layer 122.

The first electrode 121 may be composed of a metal layer, or a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer, for example. When the first electrode 121 is composed of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer, from the viewpoint of placing a layer having a high work function adjacent to the OLED layer 122, the transparent conductive oxide layer is similar to the OLED layer 122. Preferably, it is provided on the side.

The metal layer also has a function as a reflective layer that reflects the light emitted by the OLED layer 122. Examples of the metal layer include chromium (Cr), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), and aluminum (Al). , magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), tungsten (W), and silver (Ag). The metal layer may contain the at least one metal element described above as a constituent element of an alloy. Specific examples of alloys include aluminum alloys and silver alloys. Specific examples of aluminum alloys include AlNd and AlCu.

A base layer (not shown) may be provided adjacent to the second surface side of the metal layer. The base layer is for improving the crystal orientation of the metal layer during film formation of the metal layer. The base layer contains, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta). The base layer may contain the above-mentioned at least one metal element as a constituent element of the alloy.

The transparent conductive oxide layer contains a transparent conductive oxide. Transparent conductive oxides include, for example, transparent conductive oxides containing indium (hereinafter referred to as "indium-based transparent conductive oxides") and transparent conductive oxides containing tin (hereinafter referred to as "tin-based transparent conductive oxides"). ) and transparent conductive oxides containing zinc (hereinafter referred to as "zinc-based transparent conductive oxides").

Indium-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium oxide (IGO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), or fluorine-doped indium oxide (IFO). Among these transparent conductive oxides, indium tin oxide (ITO) is particularly preferred. This is because indium tin oxide (ITO) has a particularly low barrier for hole injection into the OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 122B in terms of work function, so that the driving voltage of the display device 101 can be particularly low. The tin-based transparent conductive oxide includes, for example, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Zinc-based transparent conductive oxides include, for example, zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide, or gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).

(Second electrode 123)
The second electrode 123 is provided on the first surface side of the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is a cathode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, electrons are injected from the second electrode 123 into the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is transparent to each light emitted from the OLED layers 122R, 122G, and 122B. The second electrode 123 is preferably a transparent electrode that is transparent to visible light. In this specification, visible light refers to light in a wavelength range of 360 nm or more and 830 nm.

It is preferable for the second electrode 123 to be made of a material that has as high a light transmittance as possible and has a small work function in order to increase luminous efficiency. The second electrode 123 is made of, for example, at least one of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. More specifically, the second electrode 123 is composed of a single layer film of a metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer, or a laminated film of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When the second electrode 123 is constituted by a laminated film, a metal layer may be provided on the OLED layer 122 side, or a transparent conductive oxide layer may be provided on the OLED layer 122 side. From the viewpoint of placing a layer having a function adjacent to the OLED layer 122, it is preferable that the metal layer is provided on the OLED layer 122 side.

The metal layer contains, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na). The metal layer may contain the at least one metal element described above as a constituent element of an alloy. Specific examples of the alloy include MgAg alloy, MgAl alloy, and AlLi alloy. The transparent conductive oxide layer includes a transparent conductive oxide. Examples of the transparent conductive oxide include the same materials as the transparent conductive oxide of the first electrode 121 described above.

(Protective layer 13)
The protective layer 13 is transparent to each light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. The second electrode 123 is preferably transparent to visible light. The protective layer 13 can protect the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the like. The protective layer 13 is provided on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 so as to cover the plurality of light emitting elements 12 . The protective layer 13 can isolate the light emitting element 12 from the outside air and suppress moisture from entering the light emitting element 12 from the external environment. Further, when the second electrode 123 is formed of a metal layer, the protective layer 13 may have a function of suppressing oxidation of this metal layer.

The protective layer 13 includes, for example, an inorganic material or a polymer resin with low hygroscopicity. The protective layer 13 may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. When increasing the thickness of the protective layer 13, it is preferable to have a multilayer structure. This is to relieve internal stress in the protective layer 13. The inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide (SiO _x ), silicon nitride (SiN _x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO _x N _y ), titanium oxide (TiO _x ), aluminum oxide (AlO _x ), etc. Contains at least one species. The polymer resin includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, ultraviolet curable resins, and the like. Specifically, the polymer resin includes at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, polyimide resins, novolac resins, epoxy resins, norbornene resins, parylene resins, and the like.

(Optical adjustment layer 14)
The optical adjustment layer 14 is transparent to each light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. It is preferable that the optical adjustment layer 14 has transparency to visible light. The optical adjustment layer 14 is provided between the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the plurality of metamaterials 15. More specifically, the optical adjustment layer 14 is provided between the protective layer 13 and the plurality of metamaterials 15. The optical adjustment layer 14 can adjust the distance (optical path length) between the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the metamaterial 15. It is preferable that the surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 is substantially flat with suppressed unevenness.

The optical adjustment layer 14 includes, for example, an inorganic material or a polymer resin. The optical adjustment layer 14 may be an organic layer, an inorganic layer, or a laminate of these layers. The organic layer contains, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resins, acrylic resins, novolak resins, parylene resins, and the like. The inorganic layer includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal nitrides, and the like. The metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide (SiO _x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO _x N _y ), titanium oxide (TiO _x ), tantalum oxide (TaO _x ), zinc oxide (ZnO _x ), etc. Contains at least one species. The metal nitride includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon nitride (SiN _x ), gallium nitride (GaN _x ), and the like.

( Metamaterial 15R, 15G, 15B)
The metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B each constitute a metalens. The plurality of metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 in a prescribed arrangement pattern. The prescribed arrangement pattern is as described as the prescribed arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10.

A plurality of metamaterials 15 are provided corresponding to each light emitting element 12. More specifically, the metamaterial 15R is provided above the light emitting element 12R. The metamaterial 15G is provided above the light emitting element 12G. Metamaterial 15B is provided above light emitting element 12B.

The metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B have a function equivalent to a lens having a geometrically convex curved surface (a function of condensing light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12B, and 12C), and a function of condensing light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12B, and 12C, and a function of condensing light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12B, and 12C. It has two types of functions: a function of suppressing light transmission (that is, a function of suppressing color mixture between adjacent sub-pixels 10).

The metamaterial 15R functions as a lens to condense red light emitted obliquely from the light emitting element 12R provided below the metamaterial 15R, and also transmits the red light to adjacent sub-pixels 10G, 10B, etc. (ie, a function of suppressing color mixture between adjacent sub-pixels 10).

The metamaterial 15G functions as a lens that condenses green light emitted in an oblique direction from the light emitting element 12G provided below the metamaterial 15G, and also transmits the green light to adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10B, etc. (ie, a function of suppressing color mixture between adjacent sub-pixels 10).

The metamaterial 15B functions as a lens that condenses blue light emitted in an oblique direction from the light emitting element 12B provided below the metamaterial 15B, and also transmits the blue light to adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10G, etc. (ie, a function of suppressing color mixture between adjacent sub-pixels 10).

The metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B include a plurality of nanostructures (unit cells) 151 and 152 having a size equal to or smaller than the wavelength of light. More specifically, the metamaterial 15R may include a plurality of nanostructures 151, 152 having a size equal to or less than the peak wavelength of red light emitted from the light emitting element 12R. The metamaterial 15G may include a plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 having a size equal to or less than the peak wavelength of green light emitted from the light emitting element 12G. The metamaterial 15B may include a plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 having a size equal to or less than the peak wavelength of blue light emitted from the light emitting element 12B.

When the light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B has multiple peaks, the peak wavelength represents the peak wavelength of the largest peak among the multiple peaks. The size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 refers to the size of the bottom surface of the nanostructure 151 in the direction perpendicular to the front direction _DZ (in-plane direction of the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14). When the size of the nanostructures 151, 152 differs depending on the direction, the size of the nanostructures 151, 152 refers to the size of the nanostructures 151, 152 in the direction where the size of the nanostructures 151, 152 is maximum. shall be expressed. For example, when the nanostructures 151 and 152 are elliptical cylinders, the size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 represents the major axis of the bottom surface of the nanostructures 151 and 152. For example, when the nanostructures 151 are rectangular columns, the size of the nanostructures 151 and 152 represents the length of the diagonal line of the rectangle at the bottom of the nanostructures 151 and 152.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4. The plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14. The size of the plurality of nanostructures 151 may become smaller from the center of the sub-pixel 10 toward the periphery in order to obtain a light focusing effect by controlling the phase of light. The plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 may be arranged uniformly at equal intervals, or may be arranged non-uniformly at different intervals. The central axes of the nanostructures 151 and 152 may be perpendicular to the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 (that is, parallel to the central axis of the light emitting element 12), or may be perpendicular to the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14. It may be tilted to the opposite direction.

The nanostructures 151 and 152 are, for example, nanopillars. The shape of the nanopillar may be, for example, a polygonal columnar shape such as a cylinder, an elliptical columnar shape, or a quadrangular columnar shape, or may be a shape other than these. The quadrangular column shape may be, for example, a rectangular column shape, or may have a shape other than this. The plurality of nanostructures 151 and 152 may include nanopillars of two or more shapes.

The configurations of the metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B may be different from each other or the same, but it is preferable that the configurations differ depending on the light incident from the light emitting elements 12R, 12B, and 12G. For example, at least one of the arrangement, height, shape, etc. of the nanostructures 151 constituting the metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B may be different among the metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 15B.

The nanostructure 151 is an example of a nanostructure with a non-separated structure, and has a non-separated structure that is not separated in the height direction of the nanostructure 151. The nanostructure 152 is an example of a separated nanostructure, and has a separated structure separated in the height direction of the nanostructure 152. Although FIG. 4 shows an example in which the number of separated nanostructures 152 is two, the number of separated nanostructures 152 is not limited to this, and may be three or more. The heights of the separated structures may be the same or different.

The filling rate of the nanostructures 151 with a non-separated structure is higher than that of the nanostructures 151 with a separate structure, and the transmittance of the nanostructures 151 with a non-separated structure is higher than that of the nanostructures 151 with a separate structure. high compared to the rate. Here, the nanostructure 151 having a separated structure refers to a nanostructure assuming that the nanostructure 151 having a non-separated structure is made into a separated structure.

The filling factor of the nanostructures 152 having a separated structure is lower than that of the nanostructures 152 having a non-separated structure, and the transmittance of the nanostructures 152 having a separated structure is lower than that of the nanostructures 152 having a non-separated structure. low compared to the rate. Here, the nanostructure 152 with a non-separated structure refers to a nanostructure when it is assumed that the nanostructure 152 with a separate structure is made into a non-separated structure.

The plurality of nanostructures 152 are provided at the periphery of the sub-pixel 10. The plurality of nanostructures 151 are provided in a region inside the periphery of the sub-pixel 10. Here, the periphery of the sub-pixel 10 refers to an area having a predetermined width inward from the periphery of the sub-pixel 10 in plan view.

Nanostructure 151 includes, for example, an inorganic material or a polymer resin. Preferably, the inorganic material and polymer resin include a high dielectric material. The inorganic material includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal nitrides, and the like. The metal oxide includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO _x ), tantalum oxide (TaO _x ), zinc oxide (ZnO _x ), and the like. Metal nitrides include, for example, gallium nitride (GaN _x ).

(Low refractive index layer 16)
The refractive index of the low refractive index layer 16 is lower than that of the nanostructures 151. The refractive index difference Δn (=n ₁ - n ₂ ) between the refractive index n ₁ of the nanostructure 151 and the refractive index n ₂ of the low refractive index layer 16 is set so that the aspect ratio of the nanostructure 151 does not become too large. From this point of view, it is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, even more preferably 0.8 or more, and particularly preferably 1.0 or more. Formation of the nanostructures 151 is facilitated by preventing the aspect ratio of the nanostructures 151 from becoming too large. In this specification, the refractive index n ₁ of the nanostructure 151 and the refractive index n ₂ of the low refractive index layer 16 represent the refractive index for light with a wavelength of 589.3 nm (D line of sodium).

The low refractive index layer 16 is provided so as to fill the spaces between at least the plurality of nanostructures 151. The low refractive index layer 16 may cover and protect the plurality of nanostructures 151. The low refractive index layer 16 may have a function as an adhesive layer for bonding the cover layer 17 to the drive substrate 11 on the first surface of which the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the like are provided.

The low refractive index layer 16 is transparent to each light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. It is preferable that the low refractive index layer 16 has transparency to visible light. The low refractive index layer 16 includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, ultraviolet curable resins, and the like.

The low refractive index layer 16 includes, for example, a polymer resin or an inorganic material. The polymer resin includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, ultraviolet curable resins, and the like. Inorganic materials include, for example, silicon oxide (SiO _x ).

(Cover layer 17)
The cover layer 17 seals the plurality of light emitting elements 12, the plurality of metamaterials 15, etc. provided on the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The cover layer 17 is transparent to each light emitted from the light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. It is preferable that the cover layer 17 has transparency to visible light. The cover layer 17 is provided on the first surface of the low refractive index layer 16. The cover layer 17 is, for example, a glass substrate.

[Method for manufacturing display device 101]
Hereinafter, an example of a method for manufacturing the display device 101 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D, FIGS. 7A to 7C, and FIGS. 8A to 8C.

First, a metal layer and a metal oxide layer are sequentially formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 by, for example, sputtering, and then the metal layer and metal oxide layer are patterned by, for example, photolithography. As a result, a plurality of first electrodes 121 are formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11.

Next, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a red organic light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are deposited on the first surface of the plurality of first electrodes 121 and the first surface of the drive substrate 11 by, for example, a vapor deposition method. By stacking layers on top in this order, an OLED layer 122R is formed. Next, the second electrode 123 is formed on the first surface of the OLED layer 122R by, for example, a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method.

Next, a first protective layer is formed on the first surface of the second electrode 123 by, for example, a CVD method. Next, the OLED layer 122R, the second electrode 123, and the first protective layer are processed using, for example, photolithography technology. As a result, a plurality of light emitting elements 12R are formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11.

Next, a plurality of light emitting elements 12G and a plurality of light emitting elements 12B are formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in the same procedure as the above-described formation process of the light emitting element 12R. Next, a second protective layer is formed to cover the plurality of light emitting elements 12 by, for example, a CVD method. As a result, the protective layer 13 consisting of the first protective layer and the second protective layer is formed. Next, the optical adjustment layer 14 is formed on the first surface of the protective layer 13 by, for example, a CVD method or a vapor deposition method.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6A, a first high dielectric material layer 153 containing titanium oxide (TiO _x ) or the like is formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 by, for example, a CVD method or a vapor deposition method. Next, a resist is applied onto the first surface of the first high dielectric material layer 153 to form a resist layer, and then the resist layer is exposed and developed. As a result, a resist pattern 31 is formed on the first surface of the first high dielectric material layer 153, as shown in FIG. 6B.

Next, after the first high dielectric material layer 153 is etched through the resist pattern 31, the resist pattern 31 is removed. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 6C, a plurality of nanostructures 151a and a plurality of nanostructures 152a are formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14. Nanostructure 151a corresponds to a portion of nanostructure 151. Nanostructure 152a corresponds to a portion of nanostructure 152.

Next, the first low refractive index layer 161 is formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 by, for example, a CVD method so as to cover the plurality of nanostructures 151a. Next, the surface of the first low refractive index layer 161 is polished and planarized by, for example, CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing). Next, a resist is applied onto the first surface of the first low refractive index layer 161 to form a resist layer, and then the resist layer is exposed and developed. As a result, a resist pattern 32 is formed on the first surface of the first low refractive index layer 161, as shown in FIG. 7A. The resist pattern 32 covers the nanostructures 152a located at the periphery of the sub-pixel 10.

Next, after etching the first low refractive index layer 161 through the resist pattern 32, the resist pattern 32 is removed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7B, a plurality of separation parts 163 are formed on the nanostructures 152a located at the periphery of the sub-pixel 10, and a plurality of isolation parts 163 are formed on the nanostructures 152a located inside the periphery of the sub-pixel 10. The upper surface of the structure 151a is exposed. Next, as shown in FIG. 7C, a second high dielectric material layer 154 containing titanium oxide ( _TiO It is formed on the first surface of the refractive index layer 161 and the upper surface of the plurality of nanostructures 151a.

Next, as shown in FIG. 8A, a resist pattern 33 is formed on the first surface of the second high dielectric material layer 154 in the same manner as the formation process of the resist pattern 31 described above. Next, in the same manner as the etching process for the first high dielectric material layer 153, the second high dielectric material layer 154 is etched through the resist pattern 33. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 8B, a plurality of nanostructures 151 and a plurality of nanostructures 152 are formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14. That is, a plurality of metamaterials 15R, a plurality of metamaterials 15G, and a plurality of metamaterials 15B are formed on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14.

Next, the second low refractive index layer 162 is formed on the first surface of the first low refractive index layer 161 so as to cover the plurality of nanostructures 151 and the plurality of nanostructures 152, for example, by a CVD method. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 8C, a low refractive index layer 16 including a first low refractive index layer 161, a second low refractive index layer 162, and a plurality of separation parts 163 is formed. Next, a cover layer 17 may be formed on the low refractive index layer 16, if necessary. Through the above steps, the display device 101 is obtained.

[Effect]
In the display device 101 according to the first embodiment, a metamaterial 15 is provided above the light emitting element 12. As a result, light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in an oblique direction is bent toward the front by the metamaterial 15 and condensed. Therefore, the front brightness of the display device 101 can be improved.

The metamaterial 15 includes a plurality of nanostructures 152, and the plurality of nanostructures 152 have a separation structure separated in the height direction, and each of the nanostructures 152 has a separation structure that is separated in the height direction, and the subpixel 10 (light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element 12). It is provided on the outer periphery. Thereby, the transmittance of the nanostructures 152 located at the outer periphery of the sub-pixel 10 can be reduced. Therefore, light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in an oblique direction can be prevented from leaking to the adjacent sub-pixel 10. Therefore, the metamaterial 15 can be provided with a color mixture suppressing function as a function other than a light focusing effect (that is, a function other than a lens).

Because the nanostructures 152 have a separation structure, the interface between the nanostructures 152 and the low refractive index layer 16 increases. As a result, the nanostructures 152 having the separated structure easily reflect incident light. Therefore, the nanostructure 152 having a separate structure is advantageous in terms of suppressing color mixture.

<2 Second embodiment>
[Configuration of display device 102]
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 102 according to the second embodiment. The display device 102 differs from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 4) in that it includes a plurality of nanostructures 155 instead of the plurality of nanostructures 152. Nanostructure 151 is an example of a first nanostructure, and nanostructure 155 is an example of a second nanostructure.

The height of the nanostructure 155 is lower than the height of the nanostructure 151. The bottom of the nanostructure 155 is located at a higher position than the bottom of the nanostructure 151 with respect to the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14 . The top of the nanostructure 155 may be provided at substantially the same height as the top of the nanostructure 151.

[Effect]
In the display device 102 according to the second embodiment, the bottom of the nanostructure 155 is provided at a higher position than the bottom of the nanostructure 151. Thereby, the transmittance of the nanostructures 155 located at the outer periphery of the sub-pixel 10 can be reduced. Therefore, light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in an oblique direction can be prevented from leaking to the adjacent sub-pixel 10. Therefore, it is possible to provide the metamaterial 15 with a color mixture suppressing function as a function other than a light condensing effect (that is, a function other than a lens).

<3 Third embodiment>
[Configuration of display device 103]
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a display device 103 according to the third embodiment. The display device 103 differs from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 4) in that the optical adjustment layer 14 includes a part of each metamaterial 15.

The nanostructure 152 having a separation structure includes a first separation structure 152M and a second separation structure 152N. Although FIG. 10 shows an example in which the number of separated nanostructures 152 is two, the number of separated nanostructures 152 is not limited to this, and may be three or more.

The first separation structure 152M and the second separation structure 152N are separated from each other. The first separation structure 152M is provided closer to the front than the second separation structure 152N when viewed from the light emitting element 12. The plurality of nanostructures 151 and the plurality of second separation structures 152N may have substantially the same height. The plurality of nanostructures 151 and the plurality of second separation structures 152N are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the optical adjustment layer 14.

The optical adjustment layer 14 is provided between the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and the plurality of second separation structures 151N, more specifically, between the protective layer 13 and the plurality of second separation structures 151N. The optical adjustment layer 14 includes a plurality of first separation structures 151M.

[Effect]
The display device 103 according to the third embodiment can provide the same effects as the display device 101 according to the first embodiment.

<4 Fourth embodiment>
[Configuration of display device 104]
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 104 according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 11. The display device 104 differs from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 4) in that it includes a plurality of metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B instead of the plurality of metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 115B. ing.

( Metamaterial 21R, 21G, 21B)
The multiple metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B include multiple nanostructures (unit cells) 211. The plurality of nanostructures 211 are arranged three-dimensionally. More specifically, the plurality of nanostructures 211 are arranged in the horizontal direction D _X , the vertical direction D _Y , and the front direction Dz (direction of the central axis 12 a of the light emitting element 12 ).

The horizontal direction D _X , the vertical direction D _Y , and the front direction Dz are examples of the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction, respectively. The first direction and the second direction are directions perpendicular to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12, and the angle between the first direction and the second direction may or may not be 90°. Good too. The third direction is a direction parallel to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12. In this specification, the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 represents an axis that passes through the geometric center of the OLED layer 122 and is perpendicular to the display surface of the display device 101. The arrangement pitch of the nanostructures 211 in the horizontal direction D _X , the vertical direction D _Y , and the front direction Dz may be constant or may vary.

The plurality of nanostructures 211 may constitute a plurality of nanostructure layers 21L. The nanostructure layers 21L may be separated for a specified period of time. FIG. 11 shows an example in which a plurality of nanostructures 211 constitute a three-layer nanostructure layer 21L. The number of nanostructures 211 arranged in the front direction Dz decreases from the center of the sub-pixel 10 toward the outer periphery of the sub-pixel 10. That is, the plurality of nanostructures 211 are three-dimensionally arranged in a step-like manner descending from the center of the sub-pixel 10 toward the outer periphery of the sub-pixel 10.

It is preferable that the plurality of nanostructures 211 included in each nanostructure layer 21L have the same shape and size, as shown in FIG. 12. Here, the size of the nanostructure 211 refers to the size of a cross section obtained by cutting the nanostructure 211 in a direction perpendicular to the central axis. For example, when the nanostructure 211 has a cylindrical shape, the size of the nanostructure 211 refers to the diameter of the nanostructure 211.

[Effect]
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a display device 201 according to a comparative example. The display device 201 includes a plurality of metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B, and each of the metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B includes a plurality of nanostructures 151. In order for the metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B to function as condensing lenses, the size of the plurality of nanostructures 151 decreases from the center of the sub-pixel 10 toward the periphery. Therefore, in the display device 201 according to the comparative example, there is a possibility that the difficulty level of forming the metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B using photolithography technology may increase.

On the other hand, the display device 104 according to the fourth embodiment includes a plurality of metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B, and each of the metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B includes a plurality of nanostructures 211. In order to make the metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B function as condensing lenses similar to the metamaterials 22R, 22G, and 22B, a plurality of nanostructures 211 having the same size are three-dimensionally arranged. Since the sizes of the plurality of nanostructures 211 are the same, in the display device 104 according to the fourth embodiment, formation of 21R, 21G, and 21B by photolithography becomes easy.

Since the nanostructures 211 arranged in the front direction Dz are separated from each other, it is possible to provide the metamaterials 21R, 21G, and 21B with a color mixture suppressing function as a function other than a light focusing effect (that is, a function other than a lens). can.

<5 Fifth embodiment>
[Configuration of display device 105]
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 105 according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of FIG. 14. The display device 105 differs from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 4) in that it includes a plurality of metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B instead of the plurality of metamaterials 15R, 15G, and 115B. ing.

( Metamaterial 23R, 23G, 23B)
The metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B include a plurality of nanostructures 231. Metamaterials 23R, 23G, 23B may further include one or more nanostructures 232.

(Nanostructure 231)
The plurality of nanostructures 231 are arranged so as to form a plurality of diagonal rows 231a in a cross-sectional view. Here, the cross-sectional view refers to a cross-sectional view of a cut surface obtained by cutting the display device 105 along a plane including the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12. The diagonal rows 231a are spaced apart from the central axis 12a of the light emitting elements 12 as they move away from the light emitting elements 12 located below the diagonal rows 231a in cross-sectional view. That is, in a cross-sectional view, the first end of the diagonal row 231a on the light emitting element 12 side is closer to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 than the second end of the diagonal row 231a on the display surface side. The diagonal rows 231a form an angle θ with respect to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 in cross-sectional view. The plurality of nanostructures 231 constituting the diagonal row 231a are arranged diagonally at an angle θ with respect to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 in cross-sectional view. The plurality of nanostructures 231 constituting the diagonal row 231a are spaced apart from the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 as they move away from the light emitting element 12 located below the plurality of nanostructures 231 in cross-sectional view. .

The central axis of the nanostructure 231 may be parallel to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12, or may form an angle _θa with respect to the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12. When the central axis of the nanostructure 231 forms an angle _{θ a} with the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12, the central axis of the nanostructure 231 becomes more distant from the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12 as it moves away from the light emitting element 12. You can leave it there. The angle θ _a of the central axis of the nanostructures 231 may be substantially the same as the angle θ of the arrangement of the diagonal rows 231 a.

When the amount of light emitted from the center of the light emitting element 12 is dominant to the total amount of light emitted from the light emitting element 12, and the light emitted from the center of the light emitting element 12 spreads radially, the metamaterials 23R, 23G, The light incident on the outer peripheral portion of 23B includes a large amount of light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in an oblique direction with respect to the central axis 12a. Therefore, as described above, a configuration in which a plurality of nanostructures 231 are arranged so as to form a plurality of diagonal rows in a cross-sectional view is effective.

The angle θ of the diagonal rows may be constant regardless of the distance of the diagonal rows 231a from the central axis 12a of the light emitting elements 12. Nanostructures 231 adjacent to each other in the diagonal direction may be in contact with each other or may be separated from each other. The arrangement pitch of diagonally adjacent nanostructures 231 may be constant or may vary. The plurality of nanostructures 231 may constitute a plurality of nanostructure layers 23L. Adjacent nanostructure layers 23L may be in contact with each other, or may be separated by a specified distance.

The plurality of nanostructures 231 included in the nanostructure layer 23L may be arranged concentrically, such as in a concentric circle, with respect to the central axis of the light emitting element 12 in plan view. The arrangement pitch of the plurality of nanostructures 231 arranged on the same circumference may be constant or may vary. The plurality of nanostructures 231 included in the nanostructure layer 23L form a row in the radial direction, and may be arranged radially.

(Nanostructure 232)
Nanostructures 232 may have a height approximately three times that of nanostructures 231. One or more nanostructures 232 are provided at the center of the sub-pixel 10. The nanostructure 232 may be located on the central axis 12a of the light emitting element 12.

[Effect]
In the display device 105 according to the fifth embodiment, the plurality of nanostructures 231 are arranged obliquely at an angle θ with respect to the central axis of the light emitting element 12 in a cross-sectional view. Thereby, the function of the metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B as lenses for light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in a diagonal direction with respect to the central axis 12a can be improved.

The plurality of nanostructures 231 are arranged obliquely at an angle θ with respect to the central axis of the light emitting element 12 in a cross-sectional view, thereby increasing the interface between the nanostructures 231 and the low refractive index layer 16. be able to. Therefore, it becomes easier to reflect the light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in a diagonal direction with respect to the central axis 12a. Therefore, it is possible to provide the metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B with a color mixture suppressing function as a function other than a light-condensing effect (that is, a function other than a lens).

<6 Sixth embodiment>
[Configuration of display device 106]
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 106 according to the sixth embodiment. The display device 106 differs from the display device 105 according to the fifth embodiment (see FIGS. 14 and 15) in that the angle θ of the diagonal rows 231a changes.

The angle θ of the diagonal rows 231a increases as the diagonal rows 231a move away from the central axis 12a of the light emitting elements 12 in a cross-sectional view. When light emitted from the center of the light emitting element 12 spreads radially, the farther from the center of the metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B, the greater the angle of incidence of the incident light from the light emitting element 12 (the angle of incidence between the incident light and the optical adjustment layer 14) increases. The angle formed with one surface tends to become larger. Therefore, as described above, it is effective that the angle θ of the diagonal rows 231a increases as the diagonal rows 231a move away from the central axis 12a of the light emitting elements 12 in cross-sectional view.

[Effect]
In the sixth embodiment, the angle θ of the diagonal rows 231a increases as the diagonal rows 231a move away from the central axis 12a of the light emitting elements 12 in a cross-sectional view. Thereby, the function of the metamaterials 23R, 23G, and 23B as lenses for light emitted from the light emitting element 12 in a diagonal direction with respect to the central axis 12a can be further improved.

<7 Seventh embodiment>
[Configuration of display device 107]
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a display device 107 according to the seventh embodiment. The display device 107 is different from the display device 101 according to the first embodiment in that the display device 107 includes a light emitting element 12W and a color filter 19 instead of the three color light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. The display device 107 may further include an insulating layer 18.

(Light emitting element 12W)
The light emitting element 12W can emit white light. The light emitting element 12W is a white OLED element, and can emit white light under control of a drive circuit or the like. The light emitting element 12W is the same as the light emitting element 12R except that it includes an OLED layer 122W instead of the OLED layer 122R.

The OLED layer 122W may be continuously provided across the plurality of light emitting elements 12W within the display region RE1, and may be shared by the plurality of light emitting elements 12W within the display region RE1.

The OLED layer 122W can emit white light. The OLED layer 122W may be an OLED layer including a single-layer light-emitting unit, an OLED layer including two-layer light-emitting units (tandem structure), or an OLED layer with a structure other than these. It's okay. The OLED layer including a single-layer light emitting unit includes, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a red light emitting layer, a light emitting separation layer, a blue light emitting layer, and a green light emitting layer from the first electrode 121 to the second electrode 123. It has a structure in which a layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are stacked in this order. For example, an OLED layer including a two-layer light emitting unit includes, from the first electrode 121 toward the second electrode 123, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a blue light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a charge generation layer, and a hole injection layer. It has a structure in which a transport layer, a yellow light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are laminated in this order.

(Color filter 19)
The color filter 19 is provided above the plurality of light emitting elements 12W. More specifically, the color filter 19 is provided on the first surface of the protective layer 13. The color filter 19 includes, for example, a plurality of red filter sections 19FR, a plurality of green filter sections 19FG, and a plurality of blue filter sections 19FB. In addition, in the following description, when the red filter section 19FR, the green filter section 19FG, and the blue filter section 19FB are collectively referred to without distinction, they may be referred to as the filter section 19F.

The plurality of filter parts 19F are two-dimensionally arranged in the in-plane direction. In this specification, the in-plane direction means the in-plane direction on the first surface of the drive substrate 11. Each filter section 19F is provided above the light emitting element 12W. The red filter section 19FR and the light emitting element 12W constitute a sub pixel 10R, the green filter section 19FG and the light emitting element 12W constitute a sub pixel 10G, and the blue filter section 19FB and the light emitting element 12W constitute a sub pixel 10B. ing.

The red filter section 19FR transmits red light among the white light emitted from the light emitting element 12W, but absorbs light other than red light. The green filter section 19FG transmits green light among the white light emitted from the light emitting element 12W, but absorbs light other than green light. The blue filter section 19FB transmits blue light among the white light emitted from the light emitting element 12W, but absorbs light other than blue light.

The red filter section 19FR includes, for example, a red color resist. The green filter section 19FG includes, for example, a green color resist. The blue filter section 19FB includes, for example, a blue color resist.

(Second electrode 123)
Like the OLED layer 122W, the second electrode 123 may be continuously provided across the plurality of light emitting elements 12W within the display region RE1, and may be shared by the plurality of light emitting elements 12W within the display region RE1.

( Metamaterial 15R, 15G, 15B)
The metamaterial 15R may include a plurality of nanostructures 151 having a size equal to or less than the peak wavelength of red light emitted from the red filter section 19FR. The metamaterial 15G may include a plurality of nanostructures 151 having a size equal to or less than the peak wavelength of green light emitted from the green filter section 19FG. The metamaterial 15B may include a plurality of nanostructures 151 having a size equal to or less than the peak wavelength of blue light emitted from the blue filter section 19FB. Note that when the light emitted from the red filter section 19FR, the green filter section 19FG, and the blue filter section 19FB has multiple peaks, the peak wavelength represents the peak wavelength of the largest peak among the multiple peaks. shall be.

(Insulating layer 18)
The insulating layer 18 is provided on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in a portion between the spaced apart first electrodes 121 . The insulating layer 18 insulates between adjacent first electrodes 121. Insulating layer 18 has a plurality of openings. Each of the plurality of openings is provided corresponding to each light emitting element 12W. More specifically, each of the plurality of openings is provided on the first surface (the surface on the OLED layer 122 side) of each first electrode 121. The first electrode 121 and the OLED layer 122 are in contact with each other through the opening.

The insulating layer 18 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate of these. The organic insulating layer contains, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide resin, acrylic resin, novolak resin, and the like. The inorganic insulating layer includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide (SiO _x ), silicon nitride (SiN _x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO _x N _y ), and the like.

[Effect]
The display device 107 according to the seventh embodiment can provide the same effects as the display device 101 according to the first embodiment.

<8 Modification>
Although the first to seventh embodiments of the present disclosure have been specifically described above, the present disclosure is not limited to the first to seventh embodiments, and is based on the technical idea of the present disclosure. Various modifications based on this are possible.

For example, the configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, etc. listed in the first to seventh embodiments are merely examples, and configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, etc. that differ from these as necessary. and numerical values may also be used.

The configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, etc. of the first to seventh embodiments described above can be combined with each other without departing from the gist of the present disclosure.

The materials exemplified in the first to seventh embodiments above can be used alone or in combination of two or more, unless otherwise specified.

In the first to seventh embodiments described above, an example in which the light emitting element is an OLED element has been described, but the light emitting element is not limited to this example, and may include an LED (Light Emitting Diode), an inorganic A self-luminous light emitting element such as an electroluminescence (IEL) element or a semiconductor laser element may be used. A display device may be equipped with two or more types of light emitting elements.

In the first to seventh embodiments described above, an example in which the light-emitting device is a display device has been described, but the light-emitting device is not limited to a display device, and may be a lighting device or the like.

In the seventh embodiment described above, an example was described in which the display device 101 according to the first embodiment is provided with the light emitting element 12W and the color filter 19 instead of the three color light emitting elements 12R, 12G, and 12B. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this example, and for example, in the display devices 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 according to the second to seventh embodiments, the three color light emitting elements 12R, 12G, 12B The light emitting element 12W and the color filter 19 may be provided instead.

Further, the present disclosure can also adopt the following configuration.
(1)
A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged two-dimensionally,
The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of separated nanostructures separated in the height direction of the nanostructures,
The plurality of separated nanostructures are provided at the outer periphery of a light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element,
Light emitting device.
(2)
Further equipped with an optical adjustment layer,
The separation structure nanostructure includes a first separation structure and a second separation structure, and the first separation structure is provided closer to the front than the second separation structure when viewed from the light emitting element. ,
The optical adjustment layer is provided between the light emitting element and the second separation structure,
The optical adjustment layer includes the first separation structure.
The light emitting device according to (1).
(3)
Further equipped with an optical adjustment layer,
The optical adjustment layer is provided between the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of metamaterials,
The light emitting device according to (1).
(4)
The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of non-separated nanostructures that are not separated in the height direction of the nanostructures,
The plurality of non-separated nanostructures are provided inside the outer periphery of the light emitting region,
The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (3).
(5)
The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of nanopillars,
The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (4).
(6)
The plurality of metamaterials constitute a plurality of metalens,
The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (5).
(7)
The metamaterial has a function of condensing light emitted from the light emitting element and a function of suppressing transmission of the light to the adjacent light emitting region.
The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (6).
(8)
further comprising a low refractive index layer filling between the plurality of nanostructures,
the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is lower than the refractive index of the nanostructure;
The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (7).
(9)
the light emitting region is a subpixel;
The light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (8).
(10)
A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures,
The plurality of nanostructures are three-dimensionally arranged so as to form a step shape descending from the center of the light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element toward the outer periphery of the light emitting region.
Light emitting device.
(11)
The plurality of nanostructures constitute a plurality of layers,
The light emitting device according to (10).
(12)
the nanostructures included in each layer have the same size;
The light emitting device according to (11).
(13)
A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures,
The plurality of nanostructures are arranged so as to constitute a plurality of diagonal rows in a cross-sectional view,
In the cross-sectional view, the diagonal rows are spaced apart from the central axis of the light emitting element as they move away from the light emitting element.
Light emitting device.
(14)
The angle θ of the diagonal row with respect to the central axis of the light emitting element increases as the diagonal row moves away from the central axis of the light emitting element.
The light emitting device according to (13).
(15)
The plurality of nanostructures constitute a plurality of layers,
The light emitting device according to (13) or (14).
(16)
A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged two-dimensionally,
The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of first nanostructures and a plurality of second nanostructures,
The plurality of second nanostructures are provided at the outer periphery of a light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element,
The plurality of first nanostructures are provided inside the outer peripheral part,
The bottom of the second nanostructure is located at a higher position than the bottom of the first nanostructure.
Light emitting device.
(17)
An electronic device comprising the light emitting device according to any one of (1) to (16).

<9 Example of analysis using simulation>
[Analysis example 1]
The optical properties of the metamaterial having the configuration shown in FIG. 4 were analyzed by electromagnetic field simulation using the FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method.

[Analysis example 2]
The optical properties of the metamaterial having the configuration shown in FIG. 13 were analyzed by electromagnetic field simulation using the FDTD method.

From the above analysis results, it was found that the transmittance was reduced by making the structure of the nanostructure into a separated structure.

<10 Examples of resonator structures applied to each embodiment>
A pixel used in the display device according to the present disclosure described above can be configured to include a resonator structure that resonates light generated by a light emitting element. Hereinafter, the resonator structure will be explained with reference to the drawings. Furthermore, in the following description, the first surface of each layer may be referred to as an upper surface.

(Resonator structure: 1st example)
FIG. 18A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a first example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the light emitting elements 12 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as light emitting elements _12R , _12G , and _12B . Further, portions of the OLED layer 122 corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as an OLED layer _122R , an OLED layer _122G , and an OLED layer _122B .

In the first example, the first electrode 121 is formed to have a common thickness in each light emitting element 12. The same applies to the second electrode 123.

A reflective plate 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with an optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween. A resonator structure is formed between the reflection plate 71 and the second electrode 123 to resonate the light generated by the OLED layer 122. In the following description, the optical adjustment layers 72 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as optical adjustment layers _72R , _72G , and _72B .

The reflecting plate 71 is formed to have a common thickness in each light emitting element 12. The thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies depending on the color that the pixel should display. By having the optical adjustment layers _72R , _72G , and _72B having different thicknesses, it is possible to set an optical distance that produces optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

In the example shown in FIG. 18A, the upper surfaces of the reflecting plates 71 in the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B are arranged so as to be aligned. As described above, the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 differs depending on the color to be displayed by the pixel, so the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 123 depends on the type of light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , 12 _B. It differs depending on the

The reflective plate 71 can be formed using, for example, metals such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or alloys containing these as main components.

The optical adjustment layer 72 is made of an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride (SiN _x ), silicon oxide (SiO _x ), or silicon oxynitride (SiO _x N _y ), or an organic resin such as acrylic resin or polyimide resin. It can be constructed using materials. The optical adjustment layer 72 may be a single layer or may be a laminated film of a plurality of these materials. Further, the number of laminated layers may differ depending on the type of light emitting element 12.

The first electrode 121 can be formed using a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc oxide (ZnO).

The second electrode 123 needs to function as a semi-transparent reflective film. The second electrode 123 is formed using magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), a magnesium silver alloy (MgAg) containing these as main components, or an alloy containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. be able to.

(Resonator structure: second example)
FIG. 18B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a second example of the resonator structure.

In the second example as well, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are formed with a common thickness in each light emitting element 12.

In the second example as well, the reflective plate 71 is arranged under the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween. A resonator structure is formed between the reflection plate 71 and the second electrode 123 to resonate the light generated by the OLED layer 122. Similar to the first example, the reflective plate 71 is formed to have a common thickness in each light emitting element 12, and the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 differs depending on the color that the pixel should display.

In the first example shown in FIG. 18A, the upper surfaces of the reflective plates 71 in the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B are arranged so as to be aligned, and the upper surfaces of the second electrodes 123 are located in the same position as in the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _{G .} , 12 differed depending on the type of _B.

On the other hand, in the second example shown in FIG. 18B, the upper surfaces of the second electrode 123 are arranged so that the upper surfaces of the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B are aligned. In order to align the upper surfaces of the second electrodes 123, the upper surfaces of the reflectors 71 in the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B are arranged differently depending on the type of the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B. There is. Therefore, the lower surface of the reflecting plate 71 (in other words, the upper surface of the base layer (insulating layer) 73) has a stepped shape depending on the type of the light emitting element 12.

The materials constituting the reflecting plate 71, the optical adjustment layer 72, the first electrode 121, and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, so their description will be omitted.

(Resonator structure: 3rd example)
FIG. 19A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a third example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the reflection plates 71 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as reflection plates _71R , _71G , and _71B .

In the third example as well, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are formed with a common thickness in each light emitting element 12.

Also in the third example, the reflective plate 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween. A resonator structure that resonates light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflection plate 71 and the second electrode 123. Similar to the first and second examples, the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 differs depending on the color that the pixel should display. As in the second example, the positions of the upper surfaces of the second electrodes 123 are arranged to be aligned with the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B.

In the second example shown in FIG. 18B, in order to align the upper surfaces of the second electrodes 123, the lower surface of the reflection plate 71 had a stepped shape depending on the type of light emitting element 12.

On the other hand, in the third example shown in FIG. 19A, the film thickness of the reflection plate 71 is set to be different depending on the types of the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B. More specifically, the film thickness is set so that the lower surfaces of the reflecting plates 71 _R , 71 _G , and 71 _B are aligned.

The materials constituting the reflecting plate 71, the optical adjustment layer 72, the first electrode 121, and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, so their description will be omitted.

(Resonator structure: 4th example)
FIG. 19B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a fourth example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the first electrodes 121 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as first electrodes _121R , _121G , and _121B .

In the first example shown in FIG. 18A, the first electrode 121 and second electrode 123 of each light emitting element 12 are formed with a common thickness. A reflective plate 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween.

On the other hand, in the fourth example shown in FIG. 19B, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and the film thickness of the first electrode 121 is set to be different depending on the types of the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B. .

The reflecting plate 71 is formed to have a common thickness in each light emitting element 12. The thickness of the first electrode 121 varies depending on the color that the pixel should display. By having the first electrodes 121 _R , 121 _G , and 121 _B having different thicknesses, it is possible to set an optical distance that produces optimum resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

The materials constituting the reflecting plate 71, the optical adjustment layer 72, the first electrode 121, and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, so their description will be omitted.

(Resonator structure: 5th example)
FIG. 20A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a fifth example of the resonator structure.

In the first example shown in FIG. 18A, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are formed with a common thickness in each light emitting element 12. A reflective plate 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light emitting element 12 with the optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween.

On the other hand, in the fifth example shown in FIG. 20A, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and an oxide film 74 is formed on the surface of the reflection plate 71 instead. The thickness of the oxide film 74 was set to be different depending on the type of the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B. In the following description, the oxide films 74 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be referred to as oxide films _74R , _74G , and _74B .

The thickness of the oxide film 74 varies depending on the color that the pixel should display. By having the oxide films 74 _R , 74 _G , and 74 _B having different thicknesses, it is possible to set an optical distance that produces optimum resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

The oxide film 74 is a film obtained by oxidizing the surface of the reflecting plate 71, and is made of, for example, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, or the like. The oxide film 74 functions as an insulating film for adjusting the optical path length (optical distance) between the reflection plate 71 and the second electrode 123.

The oxide film 74, which has a different thickness depending on the type of the light emitting elements _12R , _12G , and _12B , can be formed, for example, as follows.

First, a container is filled with an electrolytic solution, and the substrate on which the reflective plate 71 is formed is immersed in the electrolytic solution. Further, electrodes are arranged to face the reflecting plate 71.

Then, a positive voltage is applied to the reflective plate 71 using the electrode as a reference, and the reflective plate 71 is anodized. The thickness of the oxide film formed by anodic oxidation is proportional to the voltage value applied to the electrode. Therefore, anodic oxidation is performed while applying a voltage depending on the type of light emitting element 12 to each of the reflecting plates 71 _R , 71 _G , and 71 _B. Thereby, oxide films 74 having different thicknesses can be formed all at once.

The materials constituting the reflecting plate 71, the first electrode 121, and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, so their explanation will be omitted.

(Resonator structure: 6th example)
FIG. 20B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sixth example of the resonator structure.

In the sixth example, the light emitting element 12 is configured by laminating a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122, and a second electrode 123. However, in the sixth example, the first electrode 121 is formed to serve both as an electrode and as a reflector. The first electrode (also serving as a reflection plate) 121 is made of a material having optical constants selected depending on the types of the light emitting elements 12 _R , 12 _G , and 12 _B. By varying the phase shift caused by the first electrode (also serving as a reflecting plate) 121, it is possible to set an optical distance that produces optimum resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

The first electrode (also serving as a reflection plate) 121 can be made of a single metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), or copper (Cu), or an alloy containing these as main components. For example, the first electrode (cum-reflector) _121R of the light-emitting element 12R is formed of copper (Cu), and the first electrode (cum-reflector) _121G of the light _- emitting element _12G and the first electrode of the light-emitting element _12B are formed of copper (Cu). (also serving as a reflection plate) _121B may be formed of aluminum.

The materials constituting the second electrode 123 are the same as those explained in the first example, so the explanation will be omitted.

(Resonator structure: 7th example)
FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a seventh example of the resonator structure.

The seventh example basically has a configuration in which the sixth example is applied to the light emitting elements 12 _R and 12 _G , and the first example is applied to the light emitting element 12 _B. Also in this configuration, it is possible to set an optical distance that produces optimum resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

The first electrodes (cum-reflection plates) 121 _R and 121 _G used in the light emitting elements 12 _R and 12 _G are made of a single metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), It can be constructed from an alloy containing these as main components.

The materials constituting the reflecting plate 71 _{B ,} the optical adjustment layer 72 _B , and the first electrode 121 _B used in the light emitting element 12 B are the same as those described in the first example, so the description thereof will be omitted.

<11 Application examples>
(Electronics)
Display devices 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107 (hereinafter referred to as "display devices 101, etc.") according to the first to seventh embodiments and their modifications are used in various electronic devices. May be provided. The display device 101 and the like are particularly suitable for devices that require high resolution and are used close to the eyes, such as electronic viewfinders of video cameras or single-lens reflex cameras, or head-mounted displays.

(Specific example 1)
22A and 22B show an example of the appearance of the digital still camera 310. This digital still camera 310 is a single-lens reflex type with interchangeable lenses, and has an interchangeable photographic lens unit (interchangeable lens) 312 approximately in the center of the front of a camera body 311, and on the left side of the front. It has a grip part 313 for the photographer to hold.

A monitor 314 is provided at a position shifted to the left from the center of the back surface of the camera body 311. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 315 is provided at the top of the monitor 314 . By looking through the electronic viewfinder 315, the photographer can visually recognize the light image of the subject guided from the photographic lens unit 312 and determine the composition. The electronic viewfinder 315 includes any one of the display devices 101 and the like described above.

(Specific example 2)
FIG. 23 shows an example of the appearance of the head mounted display 320. The head-mounted display 320 has, for example, ear hooks 322 on both sides of a glasses-shaped display section 321 to be worn on the user's head. The display unit 321 includes any one of the display devices 101 and the like described above.

(Specific example 3)
FIG. 24 shows an example of the appearance of the television device 330. This television device 330 has, for example, a video display screen section 331 that includes a front panel 332 and a filter glass 333, and this video display screen section 331 includes any one of the above-described display devices 101 and the like.

(Specific example 4)
FIG. 25 shows an example of the appearance of the see-through head-mounted display 340. The see-through head-mounted display 340 includes a main body 341, an arm 342, and a lens barrel 343.

The main body portion 341 is connected to the arm 342 and the glasses 350. Specifically, an end of the main body 341 in the long side direction is coupled to the arm 342, and one side of the main body 341 is coupled to the glasses 350 via a connecting member. Note that the main body portion 341 may be directly attached to the human head.

The main body section 341 incorporates a control board for controlling the operation of the see-through head-mounted display 340 and a display section. The arm 342 connects the main body portion 341 and the lens barrel 343 and supports the lens barrel 343. Specifically, the arm 342 is coupled to an end of the main body portion 341 and an end of the lens barrel 343, respectively, and fixes the lens barrel 343. Further, the arm 342 has a built-in signal line for communicating data related to an image provided from the main body 341 to the lens barrel 343.

The lens barrel 343 projects image light provided from the main body 341 via the arm 342 through the eyepiece 351 toward the eyes of the user wearing the see-through head-mounted display 340. In this see-through head-mounted display 340, the display section of the main body section 341 includes one of the display devices 101 and the like described above.

(Specific example 5)
FIG. 26 shows an example of the appearance of the smartphone 360. The smartphone 360 includes a display section 361 that displays various information, and an operation section 362 that includes buttons and the like that accept operation inputs from the user. The display unit 361 includes any one of the display devices 101 and the like described above.

(Specific example 6)
The display device 101 and the like described above may be included in various displays provided in a vehicle.

FIGS. 27A and 27B are diagrams showing an example of the internal configuration of a vehicle 500 equipped with various displays. Specifically, FIG. 27A is a diagram showing an example of the interior of the vehicle 500 from the rear to the front of the vehicle 500, and FIG. 27B is a diagram showing an example of the interior of the vehicle 500 from the diagonal rear to the diagonal front of the vehicle 500. It is a figure showing an example.

The vehicle 500 includes a center display 501, a console display 502, a head-up display 503, a digital rear mirror 504, a steering wheel display 505, and a rear entertainment display 506. At least one of these displays includes one of the display devices 101 and the like described above. For example, all of these displays may include one of the display devices 101 and the like described above.

The center display 501 is arranged on a part of the dashboard facing the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509. Although FIGS. 27A and 27B show an example of a horizontally long center display 501 extending from the driver's seat 508 side to the passenger seat 509 side, the screen size and placement location of the center display 501 are arbitrary. Center display 501 can display information detected by various sensors. As a specific example, the center display 501 displays images taken by an image sensor, distance images to obstacles in front and sides of the vehicle 500 measured by a ToF sensor, and passenger body temperature detected by an infrared sensor. etc. can be displayed. Center display 501 can be used, for example, to display at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, life log, health-related information, authentication/identification-related information, and entertainment-related information.

Safety-related information includes information such as detection of falling asleep, detection of looking away, detection of mischief by children in the same vehicle, presence or absence of seatbelts, and detection of leaving passengers behind. This information is detected by The operation-related information uses sensors to detect gestures related to operations by the occupant. The sensed gestures may include manipulation of various equipment within vehicle 500. For example, the operation of air conditioning equipment, navigation equipment, AV equipment, lighting equipment, etc. is detected. The life log includes life logs of all crew members. For example, a life log includes a record of the actions of each occupant during the ride. By acquiring and saving life logs, it is possible to check the condition of the occupants at the time of the accident. For health-related information, the body temperature of the occupant is detected using a sensor such as a temperature sensor, and the health condition of the occupant is estimated based on the detected body temperature. Alternatively, an image sensor may be used to capture an image of the occupant's face, and the occupant's health condition may be estimated from the captured facial expression. Furthermore, it is also possible to have an automatic voice conversation with the occupant and estimate the occupant's health condition based on the occupant's responses. Authentication/identification related information includes a keyless entry function that performs facial recognition using a sensor, and a function that automatically adjusts seat height and position using facial recognition. The entertainment-related information includes a function that uses a sensor to detect operation information of an AV device by a passenger, a function that recognizes the passenger's face using a sensor, and provides the AV device with content suitable for the passenger.

The console display 502 can be used, for example, to display life log information. Console display 502 is arranged near shift lever 511 on center console 510 between driver's seat 508 and passenger seat 509. The console display 502 can also display information detected by various sensors. Further, the console display 502 may display an image around the vehicle captured by an image sensor, or may display a distance image to an obstacle around the vehicle.

The head-up display 503 is virtually displayed behind the windshield 512 in front of the driver's seat 508. Head-up display 503 can be used, for example, to display at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, life log, health-related information, authentication/identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. Since the head-up display 503 is often virtually placed in front of the driver's seat 508, it is difficult to display information directly related to the operation of the vehicle 500, such as the speed of the vehicle 500 and the remaining amount of fuel (battery). Are suitable.

The digital rear mirror 504 can display not only the rear of the vehicle 500 but also the state of the occupants in the rear seats. Therefore, by arranging a sensor on the back side of the digital rear mirror 504, it can be used for displaying life log information, for example. be able to.

The steering wheel display 505 is placed near the center of the steering wheel 513 of the vehicle 500. Steering wheel display 505 can be used, for example, to display at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, lifelog, health-related information, authentication/identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, since the steering wheel display 505 is located near the driver's hands, it is suitable for displaying life log information such as the driver's body temperature, and information regarding the operation of AV equipment, air conditioning equipment, etc. There is.

The rear entertainment display 506 is attached to the back side of the driver's seat 508 and passenger seat 509, and is for viewing by passengers in the rear seats. Rear entertainment display 506 can be used, for example, to display at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, lifelog, health-related information, authentication/identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, since the rear entertainment display 506 is located in front of the rear seat occupant, information relevant to the rear seat occupant is displayed. For example, information regarding the operation of the AV device or air conditioning equipment may be displayed, or the results of measuring the body temperature of the passenger in the rear seat using a temperature sensor may be displayed.

A configuration may also be adopted in which a sensor is placed on the back side of the display device 101 etc. so that the distance to objects existing in the surroundings can be measured. There are two main types of optical distance measurement methods: passive and active. A passive type sensor measures distance by receiving light from an object without emitting light from the sensor to the object. Passive types include lens focusing, stereo, and monocular viewing. The active type measures distance by projecting light onto an object and receiving the reflected light from the object with a sensor. Active types include an optical radar method, an active stereo method, a photometric stereo method, a moiré topography method, and an interferometry method. The display device 101 and the like described above can be applied to any of these methods of distance measurement. By using a sensor placed overlappingly on the back side of the display device 101 or the like, the above-mentioned passive or active distance measurement can be performed.

10R, 10G, 10B Subpixel 11 Drive board 12R, 12G, 12B Light emitting element 12a Central axis 13 Protective layer 14 Optical adjustment layer 15R, 15G, 15B Metamaterial 16 Protective layer 17 Cover layer 18 Insulating layer 19 Color filter 19FR Red filter section 19FG Green filter section 19FB Blue filter section 21R, 21G, 21B Metamaterial 21L Nanostructure layer 22R, 22G, 22B Metamaterial 23R, 23G, 23B Metamaterial 23L Nanostructure layer 31, 32, 33 Resist pattern 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 Display device 101a Pad portion 121 First electrode 122R, 122G, 122B OLED layer 123 Second electrode 151, 152, 155 Nanostructure 152M First separation structure 152N Second separation structure 211 Nanostructure Body 231, 232 Nanostructure 231a Diagonal row 310 Digital still camera 320 Head-mounted display 330 Television device 340 See-through head-mounted display 360 Smartphone 500 Vehicle RE1 Display area RE2 Peripheral area

Claims (17)

1. A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
   a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
   The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged two-dimensionally,
   The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of separated nanostructures separated in the height direction of the nanostructures,
   The plurality of separated nanostructures are provided at the outer periphery of a light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element,
   Light emitting device.
2. Further equipped with an optical adjustment layer,
   The separation structure nanostructure includes a first separation structure and a second separation structure, and the first separation structure is provided closer to the front than the second separation structure when viewed from the light emitting element. ,
   The optical adjustment layer is provided between the light emitting element and the second separation structure,
   The optical adjustment layer includes the first separation structure.
   The light emitting device according to claim 1.
3. Further equipped with an optical adjustment layer,
   The optical adjustment layer is provided between the plurality of light emitting elements and the plurality of metamaterials,
   The light emitting device according to claim 1.
4. The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of non-separated nanostructures that are not separated in the height direction of the nanostructures,
   The plurality of non-separated nanostructures are provided inside the outer periphery of the light emitting region,
   The light emitting device according to claim 1.
5. The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of nanopillars,
   The light emitting device according to claim 1.
6. The plurality of metamaterials constitute a plurality of metalens,
   The light emitting device according to claim 1.
7. The metamaterial has a function of condensing light emitted from the light emitting element and a function of suppressing transmission of the light to the adjacent light emitting region.
   The light emitting device according to claim 1.
8. further comprising a low refractive index layer filling between the plurality of nanostructures,
   the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is lower than the refractive index of the nanostructure;
   The light emitting device according to claim 1.
9. the light emitting region is a subpixel;
   The light emitting device according to claim 1.
10. A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
    a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
    The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures,
    The plurality of nanostructures are three-dimensionally arranged so as to form a staircase shape descending from the center of the light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element toward the outer periphery of the light emitting region.
    Light emitting device.
11. The plurality of nanostructures constitute a plurality of layers,
    The light emitting device according to claim 10.
12. the nanostructures included in each layer have the same size;
    The light emitting device according to claim 11.
13. A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
    a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
    The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures,
    The plurality of nanostructures are arranged so as to constitute a plurality of diagonal rows in a cross-sectional view,
    In the cross-sectional view, the diagonal rows are spaced apart from the central axis of the light emitting element as they move away from the light emitting element.
    Light emitting device.
14. The angle θ of the diagonal row with respect to the central axis of the light emitting element increases as the diagonal row moves away from the central axis of the light emitting element.
    The light emitting device according to claim 13.
15. The plurality of nanostructures constitute a plurality of layers,
    The light emitting device according to claim 13.
16. A plurality of light emitting elements arranged two-dimensionally,
    a plurality of metamaterials provided corresponding to each of the plurality of light emitting elements,
    The metamaterial includes a plurality of nanostructures arranged two-dimensionally,
    The plurality of nanostructures include a plurality of first nanostructures and a plurality of second nanostructures,
    The plurality of second nanostructures are provided at the outer periphery of a light emitting region corresponding to the light emitting element,
    The plurality of first nanostructures are provided inside the outer peripheral part,
    The bottom of the second nanostructure is located at a higher position than the bottom of the first nanostructure.
    Light emitting device.
17. An electronic device comprising the light emitting device according to claim 1.

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