WO2018014418A1 - 一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法 - Google Patents

一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018014418A1
WO2018014418A1 PCT/CN2016/097118 CN2016097118W WO2018014418A1 WO 2018014418 A1 WO2018014418 A1 WO 2018014418A1 CN 2016097118 W CN2016097118 W CN 2016097118W WO 2018014418 A1 WO2018014418 A1 WO 2018014418A1
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slag
mixed
iron
temperature
reduced
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PCT/CN2016/097118
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张力
张武
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东北大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
    • C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of non-blast furnace iron making and comprehensive utilization of resources, and particularly relates to a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering treatment of mixed slag.
  • Blast furnace slag is produced during the reduction process of blast furnace. It contains not only reducing substances such as coke, coal powder, carbon, carbon powder, etc., but also contains high-level metallurgical fluxes such as CaO and SiO 2 , and China emits more than 300 million tons per year. Slag, which takes away a large amount of valuable components such as CaO, SiO 2 , coke, coal powder, carbon, carbon powder, etc., therefore, blast furnace slag is an important secondary resource.
  • the blast furnace slag temperature emitted from the blast furnace is between 1300 ° C and 1600 ° C, and a large amount of physical heat is discharged each year. Therefore, blast furnace slag is also an important physical heat resource.
  • the blast furnace slag has various utilization ways according to its treatment method: (1) granulated blast furnace slag as a cement route; (2) granulated blast furnace slag ore powder as cement and concrete admixture; (3) granulated blast furnace slag brick; (4) blast furnace slag is used as silicon fertilizer; (5) slag cotton, cast stone and glass-ceramic material.
  • blast furnace slag is mainly prepared by water quenching and granulating to prepare cement, concrete, brick, etc., but consumes a lot of water resources, generates corrosive hot steam, heat cannot be recycled, water resources cannot be recycled, and a large amount of heat resources are difficult to be utilized.
  • Steel slag is produced in the steelmaking process. Its metal iron content is above 10%, iron oxide content is above 25%, and it contains certain free calcium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide. China emits more than 150 million tons per year, and takes away more than 15 million tons of metal iron and 30 million tons of iron oxide every year. It also takes away a lot of valuable components such as free calcium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide and silicon dioxide. Therefore, steel slag is an important secondary resource.
  • the molten steel slag released during the steelmaking process is higher than 1550 ° C and emits a large amount of physical heat every year. Therefore, molten steel slag is also an important physical thermal resource.
  • the steel slag mainly adopts the water quenching process, the steel slag “squeaky tank” and other treatment processes, magnetically recovering the metal iron in the slag, but the recovery rate is low, and the residual metal iron content in the slag is as high as 5%, the process only considers the metal iron in the recovered slag. Iron oxides containing up to 30% or more of the recovered slag are not considered.
  • the water quenching process and the steel slag “squeaky tank” treatment process consume a large amount of water resources, generate corrosive hot steam, heat cannot be recycled, water resources cannot be recycled, and a large amount of heat resources are difficult to be utilized.
  • steel slag can be utilized in the above manner, it is subject to many restrictions: (1) free CaO and MgO reduce the stability of steel slag volume; (2) higher content of iron oxide increases The difficulty of grinding; (3) The direct return of steel slag to the metallurgical process, phosphorus will gradually concentrate into the iron, which limits the application of steel slag; (4) the steel slag is easy to be pulverized; (5) the fluorine and heavy metals are rained Leach the danger of polluting the environment. At present, the utilization rate of steel slag is only 20%, causing a large accumulation of steel slag, which pollutes the environment and wastes resources.
  • Blast furnace slag and molten steel slag contain abundant thermal energy resources, contain a large amount of hot metallurgical flux, and contain high content of iron, phosphorus, calcium and other valuable elements, which are important secondary resources.
  • the liquid molten blast furnace slag is a reducing slag
  • the molten steel slag of the converter is oxidized slag, and has strong chemical reaction activity, and is a slag system with excellent physical and chemical properties, and is a metallurgical clinker.
  • the chemical composition and mineral composition of steel slag are very similar to cement clinker, and blast furnace slag also contains chemical composition similar to cement clinker. Every year, China's cement clinker production exceeds 1.2 billion tons, requiring a large amount of mineral resources and physical heat resources, and the cost is more than 200 billion.
  • the present invention provides a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering treatment of mixed slag.
  • the method is a method for smelting reduction of mixed slag to recover pig iron or steel, phosphorus-rich phase, and smelting and tempering treatment.
  • the method has the advantages of short reaction time, high metal recovery rate, low production cost, strong adaptability of raw materials, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness, high economic benefit, and can effectively solve the problem of efficient recycling of metallurgical resources and thermal energy, and is a new smelting reduction. Process.
  • the method for the smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering treatment of the mixed slag of the invention fully utilizes the physical heat resources of the blast furnace slag and the molten steel slag and the hot metallurgical flux, and the reducing property of the blast furnace slag and the oxidizing property of the molten steel slag, Mixing blast furnace slag and molten steel slag, spraying oxidizing gas, realizing smelting reduction ironmaking, recovering iron in mixed slag in the form of molten iron, pig iron and steel, and realizing phosphorus-rich phase recovery and mixed slag adjustment Quality, the obtained slag can be directly used as slag cement, cement conditioner, additives in cement production, cement clinker, or other components to produce high value-added cement clinker.
  • the method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering treatment of the mixed slag of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag: molten steel slag 100: (1 ⁇ 1000) ingredients, added to the heat preservation device, the pourable smelting reaction device or the fixed smelting reaction device, fully mixed to obtain the mixed slag;
  • the iron oxide in the mixed slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction; and the temperature of the mixed slag is controlled within a set temperature range;
  • the set temperature range is 1350 ⁇ 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature range of the mixed slag is set to 1350 to 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature range of the mixed slag is set to 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C;
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range is:
  • the solid ferrous material and/or the blast furnace slag is added to the mixed slag to be cooled, so that the temperature of the mixed slag reaches a set temperature range;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas a preheating oxidizing gas is sprayed into the mixed slag, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas is 0 to 1200 ° C, and the relationship between the blowing time of the oxidizing gas and the flow rate is 1 to 90 L / (min ⁇ kg);
  • the control method is:
  • step 1 The method of controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range in step 1;
  • a reducing agent is added to the mixed slag to reduce the remaining iron oxide to metal iron in the mixed slag;
  • cooling the reduced mixed slag is cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron
  • tailings recycling There are two kinds of tailings recycling: 1 as cement raw materials, building materials, instead of crushed stone as aggregate, road material or phosphate fertilizer; 2 using hydrometallurgy, beneficiation method or beneficiation-hydrometallurgical joint method The phosphorus-containing components in the tailings are separated.
  • the reduced slag is subjected to slag treatment outside the furnace, and one of Method A, Method B, Method C, Method D, Method E, and Method F is adopted:
  • the reduced slag is directly air-cooled or water-quenched, used as slag cement, cement conditioner, additive in cement production or cement clinker;
  • Method B Air chilling or water quenching after reduction of slag after reduction
  • the reduced slag is poured into a pourable heat preservation device, a pourable smelting reaction device or a fixed smelting reaction device, and a preheated oxidizing gas is blown into the reduced slag as slag
  • the iron oxide content is ⁇ 2wt%, the oxidation of the slag is completed, and the slag after oxidation is obtained, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas is 0 to 1200 ° C;
  • the control method adopted is:
  • the preheated fuel is injected, the heat is burned, the heat is supplemented, or the device itself is heated, so that the slag temperature is ⁇ 1450 ° C;
  • Method C slag treatment after reduction to produce high value-added cement clinker
  • the reduced slag is poured into a pourable heat preservation device, a pourable smelting reaction device or a fixed smelting reaction device, and is added to a molten converter steel slag, an electric furnace smelting reduction steel slag, an electric furnace molten oxidized steel slag, lime, pulverized coal
  • a molten converter steel slag an electric furnace smelting reduction steel slag
  • an electric furnace molten oxidized steel slag an electric furnace molten oxidized steel slag
  • lime pulverized coal
  • the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas is 0 to 1200 ° C;
  • the control method adopted is:
  • the preheated fuel is injected, the heat is burned, the heat is supplemented, or the device is heated by itself, so that the temperature of the slag mixture is ⁇ 1450 ° C;
  • Method D Part or all of the reduced slag is returned to the mixed slag
  • Part or all of the reduced slag is returned to the mixed slag as a hot metallurgical flux to adjust the composition of the mixed slag.
  • Method E pouring silicate into glass-ceramic or as slag wool
  • the reduced slag is poured into the heat preservation device, and the smelting reduction is carried out according to the method of the second step.
  • the separation and recovery are carried out by using one of the method A, the method D or the method E in the method 1 or the method 2 in the step 3.
  • the temperature of the blast furnace slag is ⁇ 1300 ° C, obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace; the temperature of the molten steel slag is ⁇ 1500 ° C, obtained from the slag outlet of the steel slag.
  • the blast furnace slag is ordinary blast furnace slag, and the mass fraction containing TiO 2 is ⁇ 4%.
  • the molten steel slag is a converter steelmaking molten steel slag and/or an electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag.
  • the heat preservation device is a pourable heat preservation device or a non-pourable heat preservation device;
  • the non-pourable heat preservation device is a heat preservation pit, and the method for raising the temperature is adding fuel;
  • the pourable heat preservation device is a heat preservation slag tank, which is raised
  • the temperature method is to add fuel.
  • the pourable smelting reaction device is a pourable converter, a pourable smelting reaction slag tank or an induction furnace.
  • the fixed smelting reaction device is a smelting reaction device with a slag port or an iron port at the bottom; the fixed smelting reaction device is a plasma furnace, a direct current electric arc furnace, an alternating current electric arc furnace, a submerged arc furnace, a blast furnace or Reverberatory furnace.
  • the iron oxide in the mixed slag is subjected to a smelting reduction reaction.
  • the inner layer of the heat preservation device, the pourable smelting reaction device or the stationary smelting reaction device is a carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material
  • the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material is a carbon-containing composite Refractory; specifically carbon is one or more of carbon, graphite, petroleum pitch coke, metallurgical coke, asphalt, anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, refractory is siliceous, semi-silica, clay, high alumina
  • the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory has two functions: Protecting the thermal insulation device to improve its life; 2) making the cooled slow cooling slag easy to remove from the thermal insulation device;
  • the fuel and the molten steel slag are added to the mixed slag, the fuel and the molten steel slag are in an arbitrary ratio.
  • the preheating temperature of the fuel is 0 to 1200 ° C
  • the temperature of the molten steel slag is ⁇ 1500 ° C.
  • the fuel is added to the mixed slag by means of blowing, and the blowing method is to insert the mixed slag into the upper part of the mixed slag by using a refractory spray gun. Or spray fuel into the side.
  • an oxidizing gas is added to the mixed slag while the fuel and the oxidizing gas are sprayed into the mixed slag from the lance of the lance.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in a set temperature range, the fuel is pulverized coal.
  • the solid iron-containing material and the blast furnace slag are added to the mixed slag, the solid iron-containing material and the blast furnace slag are in any ratio.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in a set temperature range wherein the solid iron-containing material is ordinary iron concentrate, ordinary iron concentrate ore, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron concentrate Metallized pellets, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary iron concentrate carbon pre-reduced pellets, ordinary steel slag, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace soot, converter soot, iron oxide scale, zinc leaching residue in wet zinc smelting process, One or more of red mud, fly ash, copper slag, and sulfuric acid slag produced in the alumina production process.
  • the solid iron-containing material is ordinary iron concentrate, ordinary iron concentrate ore, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron concentrate Metallized pellets, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary iron concentrate carbon pre-reduced pellets, ordinary steel slag, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace soot, converter soot, iron oxide scale, zinc leaching residue in wet zinc smelting process, One or more of red mud, fly ash, copper slag,
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in a set temperature range wherein the solid iron-containing material is a powdery material or a spherical material, wherein the granular material has a particle size of ⁇ 150 ⁇ m; the powdery material is sprayed In a manner of adding mixed slag, the loading gas is air, nitrogen, argon, nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas, air-argon mixed gas or air-nitrogen mixed gas; the blowing method is to insert slag into the slag by using a refractory spray gun Or put powdery material on top or side of the slag.
  • the loading gas is air, nitrogen, argon, nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas, air-argon mixed gas or air-nitrogen mixed gas
  • the blowing method is to insert slag into the slag by using a refractory spray gun Or put powdery material on top or side of the slag.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in a set temperature range, the adding the solid iron-containing material and/or the blast furnace slag, the purpose is to prevent the temperature from being too high, protecting the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material, and suppressing
  • the oxidation of the iron in the blast furnace slag, the iron in the molten steel slag and the reduced metal iron increases the recovery rate of the metal iron.
  • the oxidizing gas is air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas, air-nitrogen mixed gas, oxygen-argon mixed gas, air-argon mixed gas.
  • the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas varies depending on the gas.
  • the slag is inserted into the slag or placed on the upper side or the side of the slag to oxidize the oxidizing gas.
  • the blowing time and flow rate of the oxidizing gas depend on the slag quality, temperature and degree of reduction.
  • the reducing agent is one of coal powder, coke powder, bituminous coal, and anthracite.
  • step 2 (2) corresponding to (b), the mixed slag has insufficient reductiveness, and the reductant is injected into the slag.
  • the parameter (b) is guaranteed to have sufficient reducing property in the mixed slag.
  • the mass percentage of iron oxide in the mixed slag is generally used to judge the reduction in the mixed slag. Whether the sex is sufficient. In general, the reducing property is insufficient, and it is necessary to add a reducing agent to the mixed slag.
  • the oxidizing gas is sprayed, and the oxygen slag potential is controlled to ensure that the iron oxide in the slag is sufficiently reduced to the metal iron Fe to ensure that the metal iron particles in the slag are not oxidized.
  • the granulated iron and the reduced metal molten iron contained in the molten steel slag are aggregated, grown and settled.
  • the cooling is natural cooling or rotary cooling.
  • the rotary cooling is performed, and the heat preservation device containing the reduced mixed slag is placed on the rotating platform, and the rotation speed of the rotating platform depends on the slag quality and the height of the heat preservation device or Depth depends on the slag
  • the mass and the slag solidification condition are determined; the heat preservation device containing the reduced slag is placed on the rotating platform for rotation, the purpose is to accelerate the accumulation, growth and settlement of the metal iron, the silicon calcium component, and the phosphorus-rich phase, and shorten Settling time, improve the settlement effect, improve production efficiency, and realize slag quenching and tempering treatment;
  • the silicon and calcium components in the reduced mixed slag continue to migrate, are enriched in the silicon-rich calcium phase, and grow up, and the metal molten iron continues to aggregate and grow.
  • the phosphorus component continues to migrate, enriched in the Ca 2 SiO 4 -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phase, distributed between the two phases of the silicon-rich calcium phase and other mineral phases.
  • the phase interface is beneficial to the mineral dissociation of the silicon-rich calcium phase, which is conducive to beneficiation separation.
  • the free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide disappear in the mixed slag after reduction, the metal iron and iron oxide almost disappear, and the mineral grindability increases. Slag tempering.
  • the metal slag recovery rate of the mixed slag is 90 to 95%.
  • the hydrometallurgy is a dilute acid leaching method, wherein the dilute acid leaching method is one of inorganic acid leaching and organic acid leaching; and the inorganic acid is selected from sulfuric acid.
  • the dilute acid leaching method is one of inorganic acid leaching and organic acid leaching
  • the inorganic acid is selected from sulfuric acid.
  • the organic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, acetic acid and citric acid.
  • step 3 during the cooling process, most of the metal iron settles with the bottom because the density is different from the mineral size
  • the method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of the mixed slag, the quenching and tempering process is continued from the mixing of the raw materials until the separation and recovery process, the free calcium oxide and the free magnesium oxide in the slag disappear, the iron oxide and the iron oxide The metal iron almost disappears, and the slag is tempered;
  • the recovery rate of the metallic iron is 95 to 97%.
  • the fuel is pulverized coal, and the preheating temperature of the fuel is 0 to 1200 °C.
  • the oxidizing gas is one of air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas, air-nitrogen mixed gas, oxygen-argon mixed gas, air-argon mixed gas. Or several; the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas varies depending on the gas.
  • the invention fully utilizes the physical heat resources of the blast furnace slag and the molten steel slag and the hot metallurgical flux, and the reduction property of the blast furnace slag and the oxidation property of the molten steel slag, and the oxidizing property is sprayed by the blast furnace slag and the molten steel slag.
  • the gas realizes the smelting reduction ironmaking, controls the oxygen potential, and melts, grows and settles the iron-containing vanadium iron in the molten steel slag, and the iron oxide in the slag is sufficiently reduced to metal iron, and the slag-gold is separated to obtain molten iron and Slag; slag treatment, cooling and separation, residual iron in the slag and metal iron that continues to be reduced, grow up and settle, to achieve recovery of metal iron or steel, phosphorus-rich phase and slag tempering, manual removal and settlement
  • the metal iron shovel at the bottom is magnetically separated to remove the remaining metal iron at the bottom.
  • the metal iron recovery rate is 90-97%.
  • the tailings can be used as cement raw materials, building materials, instead of crushed stone as aggregate and road material, phosphate fertilizer or Phosphorus-containing components are separated; after slag treatment It can be used as slag cement, cement conditioner, additive in cement production, cement clinker, and other components can be added to produce high value-added cement clinker.
  • the silicon and calcium components in the mixed slag continue to migrate, enrich in the silicon-rich calcium phase, and grow up, the phosphorus component continues to migrate and is enriched in Ca 2 SiO 4 -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phase, occurring at the interface of the silicon-rich calcium phase;
  • Tailings have a large utilization value and a wide range of applications.
  • the method can be carried out continuously or intermittently to meet the actual needs of industrial production.
  • the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material not only protects the heat preservation device, but also makes the cooled slow cooling slag easy to be removed from the heat preservation device;
  • the raw material of the present invention is a liquid molten blast furnace slag ( ⁇ 1300 ° C) and molten steel slag ( ⁇ 1500 ° C) flowing out of the slag outlet, which is rich in thermal energy resources, has the characteristics of high temperature and high heat, and is fully utilized.
  • the slag physical heat resource saves energy efficiently;
  • the liquid molten blast furnace slag and molten steel slag contain a large amount of hot metallurgical flux, which are slag systems with excellent physical and chemical properties, achieving efficient utilization of metallurgical resources and thermal resources;
  • the blast furnace slag is a reducing slag, and the molten steel slag is an oxidative slag, which fully utilizes the characteristics of the high responsive chemical activity of the two slags, and is a new smelting reduction process;
  • the oxidizing gas is sprayed by mixing two slags to realize smelting reduction ironmaking, controlling the oxygen potential, and the iron oxide in the slag is sufficiently reduced to metal iron, and the slag-gold is separated to obtain molten iron and Slag; slag treatment, residual iron in the slag and metal iron that continues to be reduced, grow up, when approaching a certain size; start to settle, and most settle to the bottom of the slag to form a whole piece of iron ingot.
  • the iron component in the slag continues to migrate and is enriched in metallic iron.
  • the phosphorus component continues to migrate and enrich in the phosphorus-rich phase, and achieves aggregation and growth.
  • the silicon and calcium components in the mixed slag continue. It migrates and enriches in the silicon-rich calcium phase to achieve growth; the phosphorus component in the mixed slag continues to migrate and is concentrated in the Ca 2 SiO 4 -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phase, which is distributed in the silicon-rich calcium and other mineral phases.
  • the phase interface between the two phases facilitates separation of the ore.
  • the heat preservation device equipped with mixed slag is rotated on the rotating platform to accelerate the accumulation, growth and settlement of the metal iron and phosphorus-rich phase, shorten the settlement time, improve the settlement effect, and improve the production efficiency;
  • the invention fully utilizes the slag physical heat resource, the oxidative and reducing properties of the hot metallurgical flux and the slag in the slag, The smelting reduction ironmaking, the slag-gold separation, the molten iron and the slag are obtained, and in the process of cooling and separating the slag, the iron component and the phosphorus component in the slag are separately migrated, concentrated in the metal iron and the phosphorus-rich phase, and realized.
  • the silicon-calcium component continues to migrate, enriched in the silicon-rich calcium phase, and grows up to achieve high-efficiency separation and recovery of iron component, silicon calcium component and phosphorus component in the mixed slag;
  • Direct treatment of cement clinker, or cement conditioner, or cement additive and can handle solid materials, while achieving slag quenching and tempering treatment, a wider range of applications, to achieve the purpose of efficient and comprehensive utilization of secondary resources.
  • the method has the advantages of short reaction time, high metal recovery rate, low production cost, strong adaptability of raw materials, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness and high economic benefit, and can effectively solve the efficient recovery of metallurgical resources and thermal energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering treatment of a mixed slag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 The process flow chart adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (400: 4) kg of ingredients, added In the slag pot of graphite-dolomite composite thermal insulation refractory, fully mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1520 ° C, mixing The temperature of the slag is in the range of 1350 to 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag for 10 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of oxygen is 900 ° C, the flow rate of oxygen is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the oxygen is sprayed. Injecting oxygen into the mixed slag using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1350 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1556 ⁇ 1560 ° C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag 1350 ⁇ 1550 ° C; after adding 2 kg of normal iron concentrate pellets at room temperature, mixing The slag temperature is 1542 ⁇ 1550 ° C;
  • the oxidizing gas is sprayed, and the oxygen potential of the mixed slag is controlled to ensure that the remaining iron oxide in the slag is sufficiently reduced to the metal iron F e to ensure that the metal iron particles in the slag are not oxidized.
  • the aggregated iron and the reduced metal molten iron in the molten steel slag realize aggregation, growth and settlement;
  • Cooling After the blowing gas is finished, the reduced mixed slag is rotated and cooled to room temperature to obtain slow cooling slag; wherein, by rotary cooling, the heat insulating device containing the reduced mixed slag is placed in rotation On the platform, the rotation speed of the rotating platform depends on the quality of the slag and the height or depth of the heat preservation device, and the rotation time depends on the quality of the slag and the solidification of the slag;
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 95%;
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the blast furnace slag outlet, the electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag obtained from the steel slag slag outlet, according to the mass ratio, blast furnace slag: electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag (400: 10) kg ingredients, added
  • blast furnace slag: electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag (400: 10) kg ingredients, added
  • the mixed slag is fully mixed; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1535 ° C
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1350 to 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag for 8 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of oxygen is 600 ° C, the flow rate of oxygen is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the oxygen is sprayed.
  • the preheating temperature of oxygen is 600 ° C
  • the flow rate of oxygen is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg)
  • the oxygen is sprayed.
  • a refractory spray gun to blow oxygen from the upper part of the mixed slag
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1350 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1565 ⁇ 1570°C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag 1350 ⁇ 1550°C; the ordinary iron concentrate containing 25°C is pre-reduced pellets containing carbon After 8kg, the mixed slag temperature is 1495 ⁇ 1503 ° C;
  • Cooling after the end of the blowing gas, the reduced mixed slag is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag;
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 95%;
  • the phosphorus-containing components in the tailings are separated by hydrometallurgical method.
  • the P 2 O 5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase is 24%, and 2wt% dilute hydrochloric acid is used, among which, phosphorus is re-selected.
  • the solid-liquid ratio of the phase to the dilute hydrochloric acid was 1:2 (g:L), and P 2 O 5 was separated, and the recovery of P 2 O 5 was 81%.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (400: 40) kg of ingredients, added
  • the mixed slag is fully mixed; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1565 ° C, The temperature of the mixed slag exceeds the set temperature of 1350 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after adding 10 kg of blast furnace slag to the insulation pit, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1546 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 25 ° C, the flow rate of the air is 60 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the air is blown. Injecting air into a mixed slag using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1350 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1575 ⁇ 1588°C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag 1350 ⁇ 1550°C; after adding 6kg of carbon pre-reduction pellets of ordinary iron concentrate, The mixed slag temperature is 1532 ⁇ 1540 ° C;
  • Cooling after the end of the blowing gas, the reduced mixed slag is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag;
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 95%;
  • the phosphorus-containing components in the tailings are separated by hydrometallurgy.
  • the P 2 O 5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase is 28%, and 2wt% of oxalic acid is used.
  • the solid-liquid ratio of the phase and the diluted oxalic acid was 1:2 (g:L), and P 2 O 5 was separated, and the recovery of P 2 O 5 was 70%.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (100:500) kg of ingredients, added
  • the mixed slag is fully mixed; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1560 ° C, and the fusion is melted.
  • the temperature of the slag exceeds the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after adding 10 kg of blast furnace slag and ordinary iron concentrate carbon pre-reduction pellets 8 kg, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1530 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • (1) Injecting gas The preheated oxygen-enriched air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 4 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxygen-enriched air is 1100 ° C, and the flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air is 70 L / (min ⁇ kg) In the oxygen-enriched air, the volume ratio of oxygen to oxygen-enriched air is 30%, and the injection method is to insert a mixed slag into the refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1570 ⁇ 1580°C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag by 1400 ⁇ 1550°C; after adding 10kg of ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellets, the mixture is melted.
  • the slag temperature is 1485 ⁇ 1495 ° C;
  • the oxidizing gas is sprayed, and the oxygen potential of the mixed slag is controlled to ensure that the remaining iron oxide in the slag is sufficiently reduced to metallic iron Fe to ensure that the metal iron particles in the slag are not oxidized.
  • the aggregated iron and the reduced metal molten iron in the molten steel slag realize aggregation, growth and settlement;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is poured into a heat-insulating slag tank containing a carbon-silicon composite heat-insulating refractory material, and the slag temperature after reduction in the slag tank is 1460 ° C, and is post-treated;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 96%;
  • the phosphorus-containing components in the tailings are separated by hydrometallurgical method.
  • the P 2 O 5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase is 30%, and 2wt% acetic acid is used, wherein the phosphorus-rich phase is re-selected.
  • the solid-liquid ratio with acetic acid was 1:2 (g:L), and P 2 O 5 was separated, and the recovery of P 2 O 5 was 65%.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (500: 60) kg of ingredients, added In the converter of carbon-semi-silica composite insulation refractory, fully mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1430 ° C, mixed and melted
  • the temperature of the slag is in the range of the set temperature of 1400 to 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag for 4 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of oxygen is 900 ° C, the flow rate of oxygen is 2 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted. a refractory spray gun is blown from the upper portion of the mixed slag;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1460 to 1467 ° C, and the set temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1400 to 1550 ° C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is poured into a thermal insulation slag tank containing a carbon-silica composite thermal insulation refractory material, and the slag temperature after reduction in the slag tank is 1390 ° C, and is post-treated;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 97%;
  • the phosphorus-containing components in the tailings are separated by hydrometallurgical method.
  • the P 2 O 5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase is 21%, and 2wt% phosphoric acid is used, wherein the phosphorus-rich phase is re-selected.
  • the solid-liquid ratio with phosphoric acid was 1:2 (g:L), and P 2 O 5 was separated, and the P 2 O 5 recovery was 70%.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the smelting reaction slag tank with the asphalt-olivine composite thermal insulation refractory material is thoroughly mixed to obtain the mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag is smelted and reduced, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1450. °C, the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 2 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 30 ° C, the flow rate of the air is 40 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted.
  • the refractory spray gun is inserted into the mixed slag to be blown;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1480 to 1488 ° C, and the set temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1400 to 1550 ° C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to slag treatment outside the furnace, and method A is adopted:
  • the reduced slag is tempered and subjected to post-treatment. At this time, the recovery rate of metallic iron is 90%;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is directly water quenched and used as a cement conditioner.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (400: 90) kg of ingredients, added In the smelting reaction slag tank of metallurgical coke-dolomite composite thermal insulation refractory, fully mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1460 ° C The temperature of the mixed slag is within a set temperature of 1400 to 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • (1) Injecting gas The preheated oxygen-enriched air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxygen-enriched air is 30 ° C, and the flow rate of the oxygen-enriched air is 30 L / (min ⁇ kg) In the oxygen-enriched air, the volume ratio of oxygen to oxygen-enriched air is 22%, and the blowing method is to blow from the side of the mixed slag by using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1490 to 1495 ° C, and the set temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1400 to 1550 ° C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to slag treatment outside the furnace, and method B is employed:
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (80:400) kg of ingredients, added
  • the mixed slag is fully mixed; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1580 ° C, mixed melting
  • the temperature of the slag exceeds the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after adding 6 kg of ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron to the converter, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1512 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas In the mixed slag, a preheated oxygen-argon gas mixture is sprayed for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxygen-argon gas mixture is 800 ° C, and the oxygen-argon gas mixture is The flow rate is 2L/(min ⁇ kg), wherein the mixing ratio of oxygen to argon is 2:1, and the blowing method is to insert the mixed slag into the refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1562 ⁇ 1572 °C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag by 1400-1550 °C, and 2 kg of ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellets are added to the mixed slag. After that, the temperature is 1537 ⁇ 1545 ° C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is poured into a thermal insulation slag tank containing carbon-dolomite composite thermal insulation refractory material. At this time, the slag temperature after reduction is 1490 ° C, and post-treatment is performed. At this time, the recovery rate of metallic iron is 92%;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the preheating temperature of oxygen is 400 ° C
  • the flow rate of oxygen is 90 L / (min ⁇ kg)
  • the temperature of the slag mixture material 1470 ⁇ 1480° C. when Fe 2 O 3 is 6 wt% in the mixture of slag, the oxidation process is completed, and the oxidized slag mixture material is obtained;
  • the oxidized slag mixture material is water-quenched to obtain a high value-added cement clinker.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the blast furnace slag outlet, the electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag obtained from the steel slag slag outlet, according to the mass ratio, blast furnace slag: electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag (80:400) kg ingredients, added
  • the mixed slag is fully mixed; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1560 ° C, mixing
  • the temperature of the slag exceeds the set temperature of 1400 to 1550 ° C, and after adding 6 kg of blast furnace slag and 2 kg of ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellets to the converter, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1532 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas a preheated air-argon mixture is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air-argon mixture is 800 ° C, and the air-argon mixture is The flow rate is 1 L/(min ⁇ kg), wherein the mixing ratio of air to argon is 3:1, and the blowing method is to insert the mixed slag into the refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1568 to 1574 ° C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag by 1400 to 1550 ° C, and 15 kg of ordinary iron concentrate pellets are added to the mixed slag. , the temperature is 1472 ⁇ 1476 ° C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • All of the reduced slag is returned to the converter as a hot metallurgical flux, mixed with the mixed slag, and the temperature and viscosity of the mixed slag are adjusted.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (400: 50) kg of ingredients, added In the converter of graphite-cold blast furnace slag composite thermal insulation refractory, fully mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1390 ° C, mixing The temperature of the slag is lower than the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after adding 14 kg of molten steel slag to the converter, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1420 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 0 ° C, the flow rate of the air is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted. a refractory spray gun is blown from the upper portion of the mixed slag;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is 1450 ⁇ 1455 ° C, within the set range;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to slag treatment outside the furnace, and method A is adopted:
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is directly water quenched to prepare an additive for cement admixture-cement production.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the blast furnace slag outlet, the electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag obtained from the steel slag slag outlet, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: the electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag (1:1000) kg ingredients, added
  • the induction furnace with graphite-cold blast furnace slag composite insulation refractory fully mixed to obtain mixed slag;
  • the iron oxide in the slag undergoes smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1390 °C, the temperature of the mixed slag is lower than the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after heating by the induction furnace, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1510 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 40 ° C, the flow rate of the air is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted. a refractory spray gun is blown from the upper portion of the mixed slag;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is from 1542 to 1550 ° C, within the set temperature range;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is poured into the glass ceramics.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, ordinary blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (100:500) kg of ingredients, added
  • the mixed slag is fully mixed; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1580 ° C, mixing
  • the temperature of the slag exceeds the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after adding 10 kg of blast furnace slag and 8 kg of ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellets, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1542 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas In the mixed slag, a preheated oxygen-argon gas mixture is sprayed for 5 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxygen-argon gas mixture is 600 ° C, and the oxygen-argon gas mixture is The flow rate is 10 L/(min ⁇ kg), the mixing ratio of oxygen to argon is 1:1, and the blowing method is blowing from the upper part of the mixed slag by using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1560 to 1566 ° C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag by 1400 to 1550 ° C; and the average particle size is 150 ⁇ m by means of a refractory spray gun by spraying.
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is poured into a heat-insulating slag tank containing a carbon-silicon composite heat-insulating refractory material, and the slag temperature after reduction in the slag tank is 1460 ° C, and is post-treated;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 97%;
  • the slag is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to obtain tailings, and the TFe content in the tailings is 0.617%;
  • the phosphorus-rich phase separates the phosphorus-containing components in the tailings by the beneficiation method, and the recovery rate of P 2 O 5 is 60%.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace is obtained from the steel slag slag outlet to obtain the molten steel slag of the converter steelmaking.
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (400: 4) kg of ingredients, added In the slag pot with graphite-dolomite composite heat preservation refractory, the mixture is fully mixed to obtain the mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1470 ° C.
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1350 to 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag for 10 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of oxygen is 1200 ° C, the flow rate of oxygen is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted.
  • the refractory spray gun is inserted into the mixed slag to be blown;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1350 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1560 ⁇ 1570 ° C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag 1350 ⁇ 1550 ° C; after adding 2 kg of red mud produced in the alumina production process, the mixture is melted The slag temperature is 1470 ⁇ 1478 ° C;
  • Cooling After the blowing gas is finished, the reduced mixed slag is rotated and cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag; wherein the specific operation of the rotary cooling is: a heat preservation device equipped with the reduced mixed slag Rotating on a rotating platform according to a certain speed, the rotation speed depends on the quality of the slag and the height or depth of the heat preservation device, and the rotation time depends on the quality of the slag and the solidification of the slag;
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 95%;
  • the phosphorus-rich phase separates the phosphorus-containing components in the tailings by the beneficiation-hydrometallurgical combination method.
  • the P 2 O 5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase is 20%, and the re-election is selected, 2wt%.
  • the recovery rate of 5 was 58%.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag outlet of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, ordinary blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (1:1000) kg ingredients, added
  • ordinary blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (1:1000) kg ingredients, added
  • the mixture is thoroughly mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1380.
  • °C the temperature of the mixed slag is lower than the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after heating by the plasma furnace, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1460 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 0 ° C, the flow rate of the air is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted.
  • the refractory spray gun is inserted into the mixed slag to be blown;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is 1493 to 1502 ° C, within the set temperature range;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is poured as slag wool.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the smelting reaction slag tank of the coke-dolomite composite thermal insulation refractory material is thoroughly mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag is smelted and reduced, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1520 ° C.
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of the set temperature of 1400 to 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas In the mixed slag, the preheated air-nitrogen gas mixture is sprayed for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air-nitrogen mixed gas is 300 ° C, and the flow rate of the air-nitrogen mixed gas is 30 L. / (min ⁇ kg), the volume ratio of air to nitrogen is 3:1, and the blowing method is to insert the mixed slag into the refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to slag treatment outside the furnace, and method B is employed:
  • the reduced slag is poured into the slag pot, and the slag temperature after the reduction is 1420 ° C, and the post-treatment is performed;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the preheated oxygen is blown into the reduced slag by a refractory spray gun for 1 min, the preheating temperature of oxygen is 900 ° C, and the flow rate of oxygen is 60 L / (min ⁇ kg). At this time, the slag temperature is 1450. °C, after the end of spraying, Fe 2 O 3 in the slag is 3.94wt%; complete oxidation of the slag to obtain oxidized slag;
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (400: 50) kg of ingredients, added Asphalt-cold blast furnace slag composite insulation
  • the mixture is thoroughly mixed to obtain the mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, the slag temperature after mixing is 1390 ° C, and the temperature of the mixed slag is lower than the set temperature 1400.
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is 1440 ° C, wherein the fuel is added to the mixed slag by spraying with a refractory spray gun;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of oxygen is 1100 ° C, the flow rate of oxygen is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted. a refractory spray gun is blown from the side of the mixed slag;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is 1480 ⁇ 1487 ° C, within the set temperature range;
  • the remaining iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron, and the smelting reduction process is completed to obtain the mixed slag after reduction;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to slag treatment outside the furnace, and method A is adopted:
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is directly water quenched to prepare a cement conditioner.
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag outlet of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, ordinary blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (1:1000) kg ingredients, added
  • a DC arc furnace with graphite-cold blast furnace slag composite thermal insulation refractory the mixture is thoroughly mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1350 ° C, below the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after heating by DC arc furnace, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1520 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of oxygen is 800 ° C, the flow rate of oxygen is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted.
  • the refractory spray gun is inserted into the mixed slag to be blown;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is 1569 to 1572 ° C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag by 1400 to 1550 ° C, and 5 kg of ordinary iron concentrate is sprayed with the oxygen to the mixed slag.
  • the temperature is 1450 ⁇ 1456 ° C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is poured into a thermal insulation slag tank containing a lignite-clay composite heat-insulating refractory material at a temperature of 1490 ° C;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed for 3 minutes, the preheating temperature of the oxygen is 400 ° C, and the flow rate of oxygen is 90 L / (min ⁇ kg);
  • the mixture temperature is 1480 ° C, when the slag mixture material Fe 2 O 3 is 2 wt%, the oxidation of the slag is completed, and the oxidized slag mixture material is obtained;
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (400: 90) kg of ingredients, added In the smelting reaction slag tank of metallurgical coke-dolomite composite thermal insulation refractory, fully mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1460 ° C The temperature of the mixed slag is within a set temperature of 1400 to 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 3 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 110 ° C, the flow rate of air is 30 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted.
  • the refractory spray gun is inserted into the mixed slag to be blown;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1490 to 1550 ° C, and the set temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1400 to 1550 ° C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to slag treatment outside the furnace, and method B is employed:
  • the reduced slag is poured into a petroleum pitch coke-high alumina smelting reaction slag tank at a temperature of 1450 ° C for post-treatment;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • the preheated oxygen is blown into the reduced slag by a refractory spray gun for 1 min, the preheating temperature of oxygen is 600 ° C, and the flow rate of oxygen is 60 L / (min ⁇ kg). At this time, the slag temperature is 1460. ⁇ 1470 ° C, after the end of blowing, Fe 2 O 3 in the slag is 2.94 wt%; complete oxidation of the slag to obtain oxidized slag;
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, the blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (500:500) kg of ingredients, added In the slag pot of graphite-dolomite composite thermal insulation refractory, fully mixed to obtain mixed slag; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1350 ° C, mixing The temperature of the slag is in the range of 1350 to 1550 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas The preheated air is sprayed into the mixed slag for 10 minutes, wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 30 ° C, the flow rate of the air is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg), and the blowing method is adopted. a refractory spray gun is blown from the side of the mixed slag;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1350 and 1550 ° C;
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 95%;
  • a method for smelting reduction recovery and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing
  • the blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag, according to the mass ratio, ordinary blast furnace slag: converter steelmaking molten steel slag (100:500) kg of ingredients, added
  • the mixed slag is fully mixed; during the slag mixing process, the iron oxide in the slag undergoes a smelting reduction reaction, and the slag temperature after mixing is 1370 ° C , the temperature of the mixed slag is lower than the set temperature of 1400 ⁇ 1550 ° C, after heating by the submerged arc furnace, the temperature of the mixed slag is 1530 ° C;
  • Step 2 blowing gas for smelting reduction:
  • Injecting gas In the mixed slag, the preheated oxygen-nitrogen gas mixture is sprayed for 5 minutes, the preheating temperature of the oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas is 600 ° C, and the flow rate of the oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas is 10 L/( Min ⁇ kg), wherein the mixing ratio of oxygen to nitrogen is 3:2, and the blowing method is to insert the mixed slag into the refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1400 and 1550 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is raised to 1560 to 1570 ° C, which exceeds the set temperature of the mixed slag by 1400 to 1550 ° C; and the average particle size is 150 ⁇ m by spraying with a refractory spray gun.
  • the blast furnace dust powder material is 10kg, the loading gas is nitrogen, and the mixed slag temperature is 1496 ⁇ 1505 °C;
  • the second method (1) is used to reduce the mixed slag, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain the molten iron and the reduced slag; (2) the reduced slag is subjected to the slag treatment outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent. To the converter steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is poured into a heat preservation slag tank containing a carbon-silicon composite heat-insulating refractory material, and the slag temperature after reduction in the slag tank is 1446 ° C, and is post-treated;
  • the post-reduction slag post-treatment method is as follows:
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 95%;
  • the slag is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to obtain tailings, and the TFe content in the tailings is 0.605%;

Abstract

一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：(1)高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣混合；(2)喷吹气体进行熔融还原；(3)分离回收：该方法将高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣混合，然后喷吹氧化性气体，进行熔融还原炼铁，回收混合熔渣中的铁，实现了富磷相回收与熔渣调质，还原后的熔渣可用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂、水泥熟料，或生产高附加值的水泥熟料。

Description

一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法 技术领域
本发明属于非高炉炼铁及资源综合利用领域，具体涉及一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法。
背景技术
众所周知，我国是世界上钢铁产量最多的国家，2015年生铁产量超过7亿吨，粗钢产量超过9亿吨。炼铁、炼钢及铁合金生产是钢铁生产的重要工艺单元，生产过程中产生了高炉渣、钢渣、铁合金渣等钢铁冶金渣，是钢铁联合企业的第一固体废弃物，2015年，总量已经超过4亿吨。
高炉渣是高炉还原过程中产生的，不仅含有还原性物质，如焦炭、煤粉、碳素、碳粉等，而且含有较高含量CaO、SiO2等冶金熔剂，我国每年排放3亿吨以上高炉渣，每年带走大量的CaO、SiO2、焦炭、煤粉、碳素、碳粉等有价组分，因此，高炉渣是一种重要的二次资源。由高炉放出的高炉熔渣温度在1300℃～1600℃，每年排放大量的物理热，因此，高炉熔渣也是重要的物理热资源。
高炉渣根据其处理方法有多种利用途径：(1)粒化高炉渣做水泥途径；(2)粒化高炉渣矿粉做水泥和混凝土掺合料；(3)粒化高炉渣做砖；(4)高炉渣做硅肥；(5)做矿渣棉、铸石、微晶玻璃材料。目前，高炉渣主要通过水淬粒化，制备水泥、混凝土、砖等，但耗大量水资源，产生腐蚀性热蒸汽、热量不能回收、水资源不能循环，大量热资源很难得到利用。
钢渣产生于炼钢过程，其金属铁含量为10％以上，铁氧化物含量为25％以上，并含有一定的自由氧化钙与五氧化二磷。我国每年排放1.5亿吨以上，每年带走1500万吨以上的金属铁，3000万吨以上的铁氧化物，还带走大量自由氧化钙、五氧化二磷、二氧化硅等有价组分，因此，钢渣是一种重要的二次资源。炼钢过程放出的熔融钢渣温度高于1550℃，每年排放大量的物理热，因此，熔融钢渣也是重要的物理热资源。
目前，钢渣主要采用水淬工艺、钢渣“闷罐”等处理工艺，磁选回收渣中金属铁，但回收率低，渣中剩余金属铁含量高达5％，该工艺仅考虑回收渣中金属铁，没有考虑回收渣中含量高达30％以上的铁氧化物。水淬工艺、钢渣“闷罐”处理工艺消耗大量水资源，产生腐蚀性热蒸汽、热量不能回收、水资源不能循环，大量热资源很难得到利用。
迄今为止，人们已开发出了许多有关钢渣综合利用的方法，主要包括返回烧结、返回高炉、返回转炉渣、建材、农用等方面。尽管钢渣可以通过上述方式进行利用，但还是受到许多限制：(1)中自由CaO和MgO降低了钢渣体积的稳定；(2)较高含量的铁氧化物增加了 磨矿的难度；(3)钢渣直接返回冶金流程中再利用时磷会逐渐富集到铁中，限制了钢渣的应用；(4)钢渣容易粉化；(5)其中氟和重金属有被雨水浸出污染环境的危险。目前，钢渣利用率仅有20％，造成钢渣大量堆积，既污染环境，又浪费资源。
高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣，蕴含着丰富的热能资源，含有大量的热态冶金熔剂，而且含有较高含量的铁、磷、钙等多种有价元素，是重要的二次资源。液态熔融高炉熔渣为还原性熔渣，转炉熔融钢渣为氧化性熔渣，化学反应活性强，都是物理化学性质优良的熔渣体系，是冶金熟料。同时，钢渣的化学组成、矿物组成与水泥熟料极其相近，高炉熔渣也含有与水泥熟料相近的化学组成。每年我国水泥熟料产量超过12亿吨，需要大量的矿物资源与物理热资源，成本在2000亿以上。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法。该方法是一种由混合熔渣熔融还原回收生铁或钢、富磷相，并实现了熔渣调质处理的方法。该方法反应时间短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、原料适应性强、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高、可有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题，是一种新的熔融还原工艺。
本发明的混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法，充分利用了高炉熔渣与熔融钢渣的物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂，以及高炉熔渣的还原性与熔融钢渣的氧化性，通过高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣的混合，喷吹氧化性气体，实现了熔融还原炼铁，使混合熔渣中的铁以铁水、生铁、钢形式回收，并实现了富磷相回收与混合熔渣调质，得到的熔渣可直接用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂、水泥熟料，或添加其他组分生产高附加值的水泥熟料。
本发明的一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
按质量比，高炉熔渣∶熔融钢渣＝100∶(1～1000)配料，加入保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；在混合过程中，混合熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应；并将混合熔渣的温度控制在设定温度范围内；
其中：
设定温度范围为1350～1550℃；
当反应装置采用保温装置时，混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1350～1550℃；
当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时，混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1400～1550℃；
控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法为：
当混合熔渣的温度＜设定温度范围下限时，通过反应装置自身的加热功能，或向混合熔渣 中加入燃料和/或熔融钢渣，进行热量补偿，使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内；
当混合熔渣的温度＞设定温度范围上限时，向混合熔渣中加入固态含铁物料和/或高炉熔渣，进行降温，使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧化性气体，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃，氧化性气体的喷吹时间与流量的关系为1～90L/(min·kg)；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围内；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
采用步骤1中的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法；
对应(b)：
当混合熔渣中还原性不足时，向混合熔渣中加入还原剂，使混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用以下方法中的一种：
方法一：当反应装置采用保温装置时，进行如下步骤：
(1)冷却：将还原后的混合熔渣，冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁；
(3)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿；
(4)尾矿的回收利用有2种：①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用；②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来。
方法二：当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时，进行如下步骤：
(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；
(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；
(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，
还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法A、方法B、方法C、方法D、方法E、方法F中的一种：
方法A：还原后的熔渣空冷或水淬
还原后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料；
方法B：还原后的熔渣氧化后空冷或水淬
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入可倾倒的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣氧化铁含量≥2wt％，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；
其中，整个过程中，要保证(c)熔渣温度≥1450℃；
对应(c)，
采用的控制方法为：
当温度低于＜1450℃，喷入预热燃料，燃烧放热、补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣温度在≥1450℃；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料；
方法C：还原后的熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入可倾倒的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，加入熔融转炉钢渣、电炉熔融还原钢渣、电炉熔融氧化钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、高炉熔渣中的一种或几种，充分混合，获得还原后的熔渣混合物料；
(2)向还原后的熔渣混合物料中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣混合物料氧化铁含量≥2wt％，完成熔渣混合物料的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣混合物料，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；
其中，整个过程中，要保证(d)熔渣混合物料温度≥1450℃；
对应(d)，
采用的控制方法为：
当温度低于＜1450℃，喷入预热燃料，燃烧放热，补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣混合物料温度在≥1450℃；
(3)氧化后的熔渣混合物料，进行空冷或水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料；
方法D：部分或全部还原后的熔渣返回到混合熔渣
部分或全部还原后的熔渣返回到混合熔渣，作为热态冶金熔剂，调整混合熔渣成分，控 制混合熔渣温度、粘度。
方法E：还原后的熔渣浇筑微晶玻璃或作为矿渣棉；
方法F：还原后的熔渣再处理
还原后的熔渣倒入保温装置中，按照步骤2的方法进行熔融还原，分离回收采用步骤3的方法一或方法二中的方法A、方法D或方法E中的一种，进行处理。
所述步骤1中，所述的高炉熔渣的温度为≥1300℃，从高炉出渣口获得；熔融钢渣的温度为≥1500℃，从钢渣出渣口获得。
所述步骤1中，所述的高炉熔渣为普通高炉熔渣，含有TiO2的质量分数≤4％。
所述步骤1中，所述的熔融钢渣为转炉炼钢熔融钢渣和/或电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣。
所述的保温装置为可倾倒的保温装置或不可倾倒的保温装置；不可倾倒的保温装置为保温地坑，其升高温度方法为加入燃料；可倾倒的保温装置为保温渣罐，其升高温度方法为加入燃料。
所述的可倾倒的熔炼反应装置为可倾倒的转炉、可倾倒的熔炼反应渣罐或感应炉。
所述的固定式的熔炼反应装置为底部带有渣口或铁口的熔炼反应装置；所述的固定式的熔炼反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓风炉或反射炉。
所述步骤1中，在混合过程中，混合熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应。
所述步骤1中，所述的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置内层为含碳保温脱模耐火材料；所述的含碳保温脱模耐火材料是含碳复合耐火材料；具体为碳是碳素、石墨、石油沥青焦、冶金焦、沥青、无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤中的一种或几种，耐火材料是硅质、半硅质、粘土质、高铝质、镁质、白云石质、橄榄石质、尖晶石质、冷态高炉渣、冷态钢渣中的一种或几种；所述的含碳保温脱模耐火材料的作用有两个：1)保护保温装置，提高其寿命；2)使冷却好的缓冷渣易于从保温装置中脱除；
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，向混合熔渣中加入燃料和熔融钢渣时，燃料和熔融钢渣为任意比。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的燃料的预热温度为0～1200℃，熔融钢渣的温度为≥1500℃。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，燃料采用喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣，所述的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣或置于混合熔渣上部或侧面喷入燃料。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，向混合熔渣中加入燃料的同时要加入氧化性气体，燃料和氧化性气体从喷枪枪口喷入混合熔渣。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，燃料为煤粉。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，向混合熔渣中加入固态含铁物料和高炉熔渣时，固态含铁物料和高炉熔渣为任意比。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的固态含铁物料为普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿直接还原铁、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、普通钢渣、高炉瓦斯灰、高炉烟尘、转炉烟尘、氧化铁皮、湿法炼锌过程的锌浸出渣、氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥、粉煤灰、铜渣、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的固态含铁物料是粉状物料或球状物料，其中，粉状物料的粒度是≤150μm；粉状物料以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣，载入气体为空气、氮气、氩气、氮气-氧气混合气、空气-氩气混合气或空气-氮气混合气；所述的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于熔渣上部或侧面吹入粉状物料。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的加入固态含铁物料和/或高炉熔渣，目的是避免温度过高，保护含碳保温脱模耐火材料，抑制高炉熔渣中生铁、熔融钢渣中粒铁及被还原金属铁的氧化，提高金属铁的回收率。
所述步骤2(1)中，所述的氧化性气体为空气、氧气、富氧空气、氧气-氮气混合气、空气-氮气混合气、氧气-氩气混合气、空气-氩气混合气中的一种或几种；所述氧化性气体的预热温度因气体不同而异。
所述步骤2(1)中，采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于熔渣上部或侧面喷吹氧化性气体。
所述步骤2(1)中，所述的氧化性气体的喷吹时间与流量依熔渣质量、温度及还原程度而定。
所述步骤2(2)中，对应(b)，所述的还原剂是煤粉、焦粉、烟煤、无烟煤中的一种。
所述步骤2(2)中，对应(b)，混合熔渣还原性不足，向熔渣中喷吹补充还原剂。
所述的步骤2(2)中，保证参数(b)体现了混合熔渣中有充分的还原性，在实际生产中，一般以混合熔渣中铁氧化物的质量百分比来判断混合熔渣中还原性是否充足。一般情况下，还原性不足，需要向混合熔渣中添加还原剂。
所述步骤2中，喷吹氧化性气体，控制混合熔渣氧势，保证熔渣中铁氧化物被充分还原为金属铁Fe，保证熔渣中金属铁颗粒不被氧化。熔融钢渣中夹杂的粒铁及被还原的金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降。
所述步骤3，方法一(1)中，所述的冷却为自然冷却或旋转冷却。
所述步骤3，方法一(1)中，所述的旋转冷却，将装有还原后的混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上，旋转平台的旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定，旋转时间依熔渣 质量与熔渣凝固情况而定；将装有还原后的熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上旋转，目的是加速金属铁、硅钙组分、富磷相的聚集、长大与沉降，缩短沉降时间，改善沉降效果，提高生产效率，实现熔渣调质处理；
所述步骤3，方法一(1)中，冷却过程中，还原后的混合熔渣中硅与钙组分继续迁移、富集于富硅钙相，并实现长大，金属铁水继续聚集、长大与沉降，并实现长大与沉降，磷组分继续迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相，分布于富硅钙相与其它矿物相的两相之间的相界面，有利于富硅钙相的矿物解离，利于选矿分离，还原后的混合熔渣中自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失，金属铁与铁氧化物几乎消失，矿物可磨性增加，实现熔渣调质。
所述步骤3，方法一(2)中，所述的混合熔渣的金属铁回收率为90～95％。
所述步骤3，方法一(4)中，所述的湿法冶金是稀酸浸出法，其中，稀酸浸出法是无机酸浸、有机酸浸中的一种；所述的无机酸选用硫酸、盐酸、磷酸的一种或几种；有机酸选用草酸、乙酸、柠檬酸中的一种或几种。
所述步骤3中，冷却过程中，由于密度不同于矿物大小不同，大部分金属铁沉降与底部；
所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法，调质过程是从原料混合开始直至分离回收过程一直在持续发生，熔渣中的自由氧化钙和自由氧化镁消失，铁氧化物与金属铁几乎消失，熔渣实现调质；
所述步骤3，方法二中，按照方法F还原后的熔渣再处理的方法一处理后，金属铁的回收率为95～97％。
所述步骤3，方法二中，所述的燃料是煤粉，燃料的预热温度为0～1200℃。
所述步骤3中，所述的氧化性气体为空气、氧气、富氧空气、氧气-氮气混合气、空气-氮气混合气、氧气-氩气混合气、空气-氩气混合气中的一种或几种；所述氧化性气体的预热温度因气体不同而异。
本发明的一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法，与现有技术相比，本发明的特点是：
(1)本发明充分利用了高炉熔渣与熔融钢渣物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂，以及高炉熔渣的还原性与熔融钢渣的氧化性，通过高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣混合，喷吹氧化性气体，实现了熔融还原炼铁，控制氧势，熔融钢渣中，含钒粒铁聚集、长大与沉降，熔渣中的铁氧化物得到充分还原为金属铁，渣-金分离，得到铁水与熔渣；熔渣处理、冷却与分离，渣中剩余粒铁及继续被还原的金属铁聚集、长大与沉降，实现回收金属铁或钢、富磷相与熔渣调质，人工取出沉降在底部的金属铁坨，再磁选分理出底部的剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率90～97％，尾矿可作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料和路材、磷肥或将含磷组分分离出来；熔渣处理后 可用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂、水泥熟料，也可加入其它组分生产高附加值水泥熟料。
(2)喷吹气体结束后，混合熔渣中硅与钙组分继续迁移、富集于富硅钙相，并实现长大，磷组分继续迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相，赋存于富硅钙相界面；
(3)熔渣冷却后，金属铁沉降到底部，形成铁坨，回收金属铁，同时采用磁选分离剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，分离出剩余金属铁，实现了高炉熔渣中熔融钢渣中粒铁及铁氧化物中铁的高效回收，金属铁回收率高；
(4)由于金属铁沉降在下部，因此，需分选炉渣量小，磨矿、磁选成本低，同时，赋存于富硅钙相界面的富磷相有助于硅钙相解离；
(5)熔渣实现调质后，熔渣中自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失，金属铁几乎消失，可磨性增加，而且水硬性矿物C2S增加，可直接用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂，进一步通过加入熔融转炉钢渣、电炉熔融还原钢渣、电炉熔融氧化钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、高炉熔渣中的一种或几种，调整碱度，喷入氧化性气体，调整氧化铁含量，生成铁酸盐，使其更接近于所需的水泥熟料组成，具有高的A矿，水硬性胶粘矿物增加，胶粘性增加，水泥的早期强度增加，可以直接作为水泥熟料；
(6)自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失，金属铁与铁氧化物几乎消失，易于磨矿，熔渣实现调质，尾矿利用限制因素消失，尾矿的回收利用有2种：①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用；②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来。尾矿利用价值大，应用范围广。
(7)该方法可以连续或间断进行，满足了工业生产的实际需要。
本发明的一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法，与现有技术相比，其有益效果是：
(1)含碳保温脱模耐火材料不仅保护了保温装置，而且使冷却后的缓冷渣易于从保温装置中脱除；
(2)本发明的原料是出渣口中流出的液态熔融高炉熔渣(≥1300℃)和熔融钢渣(≥1500℃)，蕴含着丰富的热能资源，具有高温度、高热量的特点，充分利用了熔渣物理热资源，高效节约能源；液态熔融高炉熔渣与熔融钢渣含有大量的热态冶金熔剂，都是物理化学性质优良的熔渣体系，实现了冶金资源与热资源的高效利用；熔融高炉熔渣为还原性熔渣，熔融钢渣为氧化性熔渣，充分利用了两种熔渣高反应化学活性的特点，是一种新的熔融还原工艺；
(3)本发明通过两种熔渣混合喷吹氧化性气体，实现了熔融还原炼铁，控制氧势，熔渣中的铁氧化物得到充分还原为金属铁，渣-金分离，得到铁水与熔渣；熔渣处理，渣中剩余粒铁 及继续被还原的金属铁聚集、长大，当接近一定尺寸后；开始沉降，大部分沉降到渣坨底部，形成整块铁锭。通过两种熔渣混合，不仅使高炉熔渣中生铁与熔融钢渣中粒铁聚集、长大与沉降，而且熔融渣中铁氧化物(FeO、Fe2O3)充分还原为金属铁，实现聚集、长大与沉降；
(4)加入固态含铁物料与熔融高炉熔渣避免了熔渣温度过高，保护含碳保温脱模耐火材料，提高保温装置的寿命；抑制熔融钢渣中粒铁及被还原的金属铁的氧化，提高金属铁的回收率；加入固态含铁物料与热熔融高炉熔渣提高了原料处理量，不仅可以处理液态熔渣，而且可以处理少量固态含铁物料，原料适应性强；加入固态含铁物料实现了冶金资源与熔渣物理热的高效利用；
(5)冷却过程中，熔渣中铁组分继续迁移，富集于金属铁，磷组分继续迁移富集于富磷相，并实现聚集、长大，混合熔渣中硅与钙组分继续迁移、富集于富硅钙相，实现长大；混合熔渣中磷组分继续迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相，分布于富硅钙与其它矿物相的两相之间的相界面，利于选矿分离。装有混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上旋转，加速金属铁、富磷相的聚集、长大与沉降，缩短沉降时间，改善沉降效果，提高生产效率；
(6)采用人工分拣、磁选结合的方法，分离沉降在底部的金属铁、富磷相，实现混合熔渣中铁组分、硅钙组分、磷组分的高效回收；由于金属铁、富磷相沉降在底部，因此，需分选炉渣量小，磨矿、磁选成本低；后续的分离过程采用物理选矿(磁选)，分离的介质为水，水在选矿过程中可以循环，因而分离过程中不会产生环境污染，使得整个混合熔渣工艺具有流程短、操作简单、铁、硅、磷、钙回收率高、无废水产生，具有高效、清洁、环保的特点；自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失，金属铁与铁氧化物几乎消失，矿物可磨性增加，熔渣实现调质，尾矿的回收利用有2种：①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用；②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来。尾矿利用价值大，应用范围广；
(7)熔渣实现调质后，熔渣中自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失，金属铁几乎消失，可磨性增加，而且水硬性矿物C2S增加，可直接用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂或水泥生产中的添加剂，进一步通过加入熔融转炉钢渣、电炉熔融还原钢渣、电炉熔融氧化钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿中的一种或几种混合，调整碱度，喷入氧化性气体，调整氧化铁含量，生成铁酸盐，使其更接近于所需的水泥熟料组成，具有高的A矿，水硬性胶粘矿物增加，胶粘性增加，水泥的早期强度增加，可以直接作为水泥熟料，熔渣中加入含钛物料，增加水泥的强度，可制备高标号水泥；
(8)整个过程无需热补偿或需少量热补偿，可操作性强，生产成本低；
(9)本发明充分利用了熔渣物理热资源、熔渣中热态冶金熔剂及熔渣的氧化性与还原性， 实现了熔融还原炼铁，渣-金分离，获得铁水与熔渣，熔渣冷却与分离过程中，熔渣中铁组分、磷组分分别迁移、富集于金属铁、富磷相，并实现聚集、长大与沉降，硅钙组分继续迁移、富集于富硅钙相，实现长大，实现混合熔渣中铁组分、硅钙组分、磷组分的高效分离回收；熔渣可直接处理生产水泥熟料，或水泥调整剂，或水泥添加剂，而且可以处理固态物料，同时实现熔渣调质处理，应用范围更广，达到二次资源高效综合利用的目的。该方法反应时间短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、原料适应性强、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高、可有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的混合熔渣熔融还原回收与调质处理的方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本发明实施例采用的工艺流程图如图1所示。
实施例1
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(400∶4)kg配料，加入内有石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1520℃，混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气10min，其中，氧气的预热温度为900℃，氧气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，氧气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入氧气；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1556～1560℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1350～1550℃；加入常温的普通铁精矿球团矿2kg后，混合熔渣温度为1542～1550℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
喷吹氧化性气体，控制混合熔渣氧势，保证熔渣中剩余铁氧化物被充分还原为金属铁Fe， 保证熔渣中金属铁颗粒不被氧化。熔融钢渣中夹杂的粒铁及被还原的金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法一：
(1)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的混合熔渣，旋转冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；其中，旋转冷却，是将装有还原后的混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上，旋转平台的旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定，旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率95％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.884％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用：采用选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来，富磷相中P2O5含量为20％，采用重选粗选后，再采用2wt％柠檬酸，其中，重选富磷相和柠檬酸的固液比为1∶2(g∶L)，将P2O5分离出来，P2O5的回收率为58％。
实施例2
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣＝(400∶10)kg配料，加入内有碳素-镁质复合保温耐火材料的保温地坑中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1535℃，混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气8min，其中，氧气的预热温度为600℃，氧气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，氧气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪从混合熔渣上部吹入氧气；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1565～1570℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1350～1550℃；加入25℃的普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团8kg后，混合熔渣温度为1495～1503℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混 合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法一：
(1)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的混合熔渣，自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率95％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.809％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用：采用湿法冶金法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来，富磷相中P2O5含量为24％，采用2wt％稀盐酸，其中，重选富磷相和稀盐酸的固液比为1∶2(g∶L)，将P2O5分离出来，P2O5的回收率为81％。
实施例3
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(400∶40)kg配料，加入内有石墨-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的保温地坑中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1565℃，混合熔渣的温度超出设定温度1350～1550℃，向保温地坑中加入高炉熔渣10kg后，混合熔渣的温度为1546℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气3min，其中，空气的预热温度为25℃，空气的流量为60L/(min·kg)，空气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入空气；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1575～1588℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1350～1550℃；加入普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团6kg后，混合熔渣温度为1532～1540℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，随空气喷入还原剂-煤粉1kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法一：
(1)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的混合熔渣，自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率95％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.479％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用：采用湿法冶金法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来，富磷相中P2O5含量为28％，采用2wt％稀草酸，其中，重选富磷相和稀草酸的固液比为1∶2(g∶L)，将P2O5分离出来，P2O5的回收率为70％。
实施例4
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(100∶500)kg配料，加入内有石墨-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1560℃，混合熔渣的温度超出设定温度1400～1550℃，加入高炉熔渣10kg和普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团8kg后，混合熔渣的温度为1530℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的富氧空气4min，其中，富氧空气的预热温度为1100℃，富氧空气的流量为70L/(min·kg)，富氧空气中，氧气占富氧空气的体积比为30％，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1570～1580℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃；加入普通铁精矿金属化球团10kg后，混合熔渣温度为1485～1495℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，随空气喷入还原剂-煤粉3kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
喷吹氧化性气体，控制混合熔渣氧势，保证熔渣中剩余铁氧化物被充分还原为金属铁Fe，保证熔渣中金属铁颗粒不被氧化。熔融钢渣中夹杂的粒铁及被还原的金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法F：
将还原后的熔渣倒入内有含碳-硅质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐，渣罐内还原后的熔渣温度为1460℃，进行后处理；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
(1)将耐火喷枪插入还原后的熔渣中，喷入预热的空气2min，空气的预热温度为30℃，空气流量为30L/(min·kg)，此时，还原后的熔渣温度为1490℃；
(2)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的熔渣，自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(3)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率96％；
(4)分离出金属铁后，实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.517％；
(5)尾矿的回收利用：采用湿法冶金法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来，富磷相中P2O5含量为30％，采用2wt％乙酸，其中，重选富磷相和乙酸的固液比为1∶2(g∶L)，将P2O5分离出来，P2O5的回收率为65％。
实施例5
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(500∶60)kg配料，加入内有碳素-半硅质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1430℃，混合熔渣的温度在设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气4min，其中，氧气的预热温度为900℃，氧气的流量为2L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪从混合熔渣上部吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1460～1467℃，在混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，随空气喷入还原剂-煤粉1kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法F：
将还原后的熔渣倒入内有含碳-硅质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐，渣罐内还原后的熔渣温度为1390℃，进行后处理；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
(1)将耐火喷枪从还原后的熔渣上部，喷入预热的氧气1min，氧气流量为20L/(min·kg)，氧气的预热温度为0℃，此时，还原后的熔渣温度为1420℃；
(2)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的熔渣，自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(3)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率97％；
(4)分离出金属铁后，实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.622％；
(5)尾矿的回收利用：采用湿法冶金法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来，富磷相中P2O5含量为21％，采用2wt％磷酸，其中，重选富磷相和磷酸的固液比为1∶2(g∶L)，将P2O5分离出来，P2O5回收率为70％。
实施例6
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣＝(400∶80)kg配料，加入内有沥青-橄榄石质复合保温耐火材料的熔炼反应渣罐中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1450℃，混合熔渣的温度在设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气2min，其中，空气的预热温度为30℃，空气的流量为40L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1480～1488℃，在混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法A：
还原后的熔渣实现调质，进行后处理，此时，金属铁的回收率为90％；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
还原后的熔渣直接水淬，用作水泥调整剂。
实施例7
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(400∶90)kg配料，加入内有冶金焦-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的熔炼反应渣罐中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1460℃，混合熔渣的温度在设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的富氧空气3min，其中，富氧空气的预热温度为30℃，富氧空气的流量为30L/(min·kg)，富氧空气中，氧气占富氧空气的体积比为22％，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪从混合熔渣侧面吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1490～1495℃，在混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混 合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法B：
还原后的熔渣内自由氧化钙与氧化镁消失，铁氧化物快速减少，还原后的熔渣实现调质，还原后的熔渣倒入保温渣罐中，此时还原后的熔渣温度为1450℃，进行后处理；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
(1)通过耐火喷枪向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧气1min，其中，氧气的预热温度为400℃，氧气的流量为60L/(min·kg)，此时，熔渣温度为1470℃，喷吹结束后，熔渣内Fe2O3为3.12wt％；完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接水淬，用作水泥熟料。
实施例8
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(80∶400)kg配料，加入内有石墨-冷态钢渣质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1580℃，混合熔渣的温度超过设定温度1400～1550℃，向转炉中加入普通铁精矿直接还原铁6kg后，混合熔渣的温度为1512℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气-氩气混合气3min，其中，氧气-氩气混合气的预热温度为800℃，氧气-氩气混合气的流量为2L/(min·kg)，其中，氧气与氩气的混合体积比为2∶1，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1562～1572℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃，向混合熔渣加入普通铁精矿金属化球团2kg后，温度为1537～1545℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，向混合熔渣加 入还原剂-煤粉10kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法C：
还原后的熔渣倒入内有含碳-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐，此时，还原后的熔渣温度为1490℃，进行后处理，此时，金属铁的回收率为92％；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
还原后的熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料：
(1)向保温渣罐中，加入电炉熔融还原钢渣1kg、石灰3kg、粉煤灰1kg、碱性铁贫矿0.5kg，与还原后的熔渣充分混合，获得还原后的熔渣的混合物料，物料温度为1380℃，向保温渣罐中，喷入预热温度为0℃的燃料-煤粉8kg后，温度为1450℃；
(2)向还原后的熔渣的混合物料中，喷吹预热后的氧气3min，氧气的预热温度为400℃，氧气的流量为90L/(min·kg)；熔渣混合物料的温度为1470～1480℃，当熔渣的混合物料中Fe2O3为6wt％时，完成氧化过程，获得氧化后的熔渣混合物料；
(3)喷吹结束后，将氧化后的熔渣混合物料水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料。
实施例9
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣＝(80∶400)kg配料，加入内有烟煤-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1560℃，混合熔渣的温度超过设定温度1400～1550℃，向转炉中加入高炉熔渣6kg和普通铁精矿金属化球团2kg后，混合熔渣的温度为1532℃；；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气-氩气混合气3min，其中，空气-氩气混合气的预热温度为800℃，空气-氩气混合气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，其中，空气与氩气的混合体积比为3∶1，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1568～1574℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃，向混合熔渣加入普通铁精矿球团矿15kg后，温度为1472～1476℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，向混合熔渣加入还原剂-煤粉10kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法D：
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
全部的还原后的熔渣返回到转炉，作为热态冶金熔剂，与混合熔渣混合，调整混合熔渣温度与粘度。
实施例10
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(400∶50)kg配料，加入内有石墨-冷态高炉渣质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1390℃，混合熔渣的温度低于设定温度1400～1550℃，向转炉中加入熔融钢渣14kg后，混合熔渣的温度为1420℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气3min，其中，空气的预热温度为0℃，空气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪从混合熔渣上部吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度为1450～1455℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法A：
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
还原后的熔渣直接水淬，制备水泥掺合料-水泥生产中的添加剂。
实施例11
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣＝(1∶1000)kg配料，加入内有石墨-冷态高炉渣质复合保温耐火材料的感应炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1390℃，混合熔渣的温度低于设定温度1400～1550℃，通过感应炉加热后，混合熔渣的温度为1510℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气3min，其中，空气的预热温度为40℃，空气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪从混合熔渣上部吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度为1542～1550℃，在设定温度范围内；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法E：
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
还原后的熔渣浇筑微晶玻璃。
实施例12
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，普通高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(100∶500)kg配料，加入内有石墨-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1580℃，混合熔渣的温度超出设定温度1400～1550℃，加入高炉熔渣10kg和普通铁精矿金属化球团8kg后，混合熔渣的温度为1542℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气-氩气混合气5min，其中，氧气-氩气混合气的预热温度为600℃，氧气-氩气混合气的流量为10L/(min·kg)，氧气与氩气的混合体积比为1∶1，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪从混合熔渣上部吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1560～1566℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃；采用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式，加入平均粒度为150μm的高炉瓦斯灰粉状物料10kg，载入气体空气-氮气混合气，混合熔渣温度为1486～1495℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，随空气喷入还原剂-焦粉3kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法F：
将还原后的熔渣倒入内有含碳-硅质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐，渣罐内还原后的熔渣温度为1460℃，进行后处理；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
(1)将耐火喷枪插入还原后的熔渣中，喷入预热的空气2min，其中，空气的预热温度为90℃，空气流量为30L/(min·kg)，此时，还原后的熔渣温度为1470℃；
(2)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的熔渣，自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(3)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率97％；
(4)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.617％；
(5)尾矿的回收利用为建筑材料；
(6)尾矿中，富磷相采用选矿法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来，P2O5的回收率为60％。
实施例13
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，普通高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(400∶4)kg配料，加入内有石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1470℃，混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气10min，其中，氧气的预热温度为1200℃，氧气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1560～1570℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1350～1550℃；加入氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥2kg后，混合熔渣温度为1470～1478℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法一：
(1)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的混合熔渣，旋转冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；其中，旋转冷却的具体操作为：装有还原后的混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上，按照一定速度进行旋转，旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定，旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率95％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.608％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用为水泥原料；
(5)尾矿中，富磷相采用选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来，富磷相中P2O5含量为20％，采用重选粗选，2wt％乙酸和柠檬酸体积比为1∶1的混合液，其中，重选富磷相和乙酸和柠檬酸的固液比1∶2(g∶L)，将P2O5分离出来，P2O5的回收率为58％。
实施例14
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，普通高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(1∶1000)kg配料，加入内有石墨-冷态高炉渣质复合保温耐火材料的等离子炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1380℃，混合熔渣的温度低于设定温度1400～1550℃，通过等离子炉加热后，混合熔渣的温度为1460℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气3min，其中，空气的预热温度为0℃，空气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度为1493～1502℃，在设定温度范围内；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，加入还原剂无烟煤1kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法E：
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
还原后的熔渣浇筑作为矿渣棉。
实施例15
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣，从转炉钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣和从 电炉钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣，按质量比，普通高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣∶电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣＝(1∶500∶500)kg配料，加入内有冶金焦-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的熔炼反应渣罐中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1520℃，混合熔渣的温度在设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气-氮气混合气3min，其中，空气-氮气混合气的预热温度为300℃，空气-氮气混合气的流量为30L/(min·kg)，空气与氮气的体积比为3∶1，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1570～1573℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃，加入普通铁精矿直接还原铁10kg后，混合熔渣温度为1460～1466℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法B：
还原后的熔渣倒入保温渣罐中，此时还原后的熔渣温度为1420℃，进行后处理；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
(1)通过耐火喷枪向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧气1min，氧气的预热温度为900℃，氧气的流量为60L/(min·kg)，此时，熔渣温度为1450℃，喷吹结束后，熔渣内Fe2O3为3.94wt％；完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接水淬，用作水泥熟料。
实施例16
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(400∶50)kg配料，加入内有沥青-冷态高炉渣质复合保温耐火 材料的转炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1390℃，混合熔渣的温度低于设定温度1400～1550℃，向转炉中加入熔融钢渣6kg和预热温度为1200℃的燃料煤粉1kg后，混合熔渣的温度为1440℃，其中，燃料用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气3min，其中，氧气的预热温度为1100℃，氧气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪从混合熔渣侧面吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度为1480～1487℃，在设定温度范围内；
对应(b)：
混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法A：
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
还原后的熔渣直接水淬，制备水泥调整剂。
实施例17
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，普通高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(1∶1000)kg配料，加入内有石墨-冷态高炉渣质复合保温耐火材料的直流电弧炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1350℃，低于设定温度1400～1550℃，通过直流电弧炉加热后，混合熔渣的温度为1520℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气3min，其中，氧气的预热温度为800℃，氧气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度为1569～1572℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃，随氧气向混合熔渣喷入普通铁精矿5kg后，温度为1450～1456℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，加入还原剂烟煤1kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法C：
还原后的熔渣倒入内有褐煤-粘土质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐，温度为1490℃；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
还原后的熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料：
(1)向保温渣罐中，加入电炉熔融氧化钢渣2kg、高炉熔渣3kg、熔融转炉钢渣2kg、铝土矿0.5kg，与还原后的熔渣充分混合，获得还原后熔渣的混合物料，混合物料温度为1450℃；
(2)向保温渣罐的还原后熔渣的混合物料中，喷吹预热后的氧气3min，氧气的预热温度为400℃，氧气的流量为90L/(min·kg)；熔渣的混合物料温度为1480℃，当熔渣的混合物料中Fe2O3为2wt％时，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣混合物料；
(3)喷吹结束后，将氧化后的熔渣混合物料空冷，制得高附加值的水泥熟料。
实施例18
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(400∶90)kg配料，加入内有冶金焦-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的熔炼反应渣罐中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1460℃，混合熔渣的温度在设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气3min，其中，空气的预热温度为110℃，空气的流量为30L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1490～1550℃，在混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃范围内；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法B：
还原后的熔渣倒入石油沥青焦-高铝质的熔炼反应渣罐中，温度为1450℃，进行后处理；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
(1)通过耐火喷枪向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧气1min，氧气的预热温度为600℃，氧气的流量为60L/(min·kg)，此时，熔渣温度为1460～1470℃，喷吹结束后，熔渣内Fe2O3为2.94wt％；完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接水淬，用作水泥生产的添加剂。
实施例19
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(500∶500)kg配料，加入内有石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1350℃，混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃范围内；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的空气10min，其中，空气的预热温度为30℃，空气的流量为1L/(min·kg)，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪从混合熔渣侧面吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1350～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1392～1400℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法一：
(1)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的混合熔渣，旋转冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率95％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.884％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用：代替碎石作骨料、路材。
实施例20
一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔渣混合
将从高炉出渣口获得的高炉熔渣，从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣，按质量比，普通高炉熔渣∶转炉炼钢熔融钢渣＝(100∶500)kg配料，加入内有石墨-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的矿热炉中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；熔渣混合过程中，熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，混合后熔渣温度为1370℃，混合熔渣的温度低于设定温度1400～1550℃，通过矿热炉加热后，混合熔渣的温度为1530℃；
步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
(1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧气-氮气混合气5min，氧气-氮气混合气的预热温度为600℃，氧气-氮气混合气的流量为10L/(min·kg)，其中，氧气与氮气的混合体积比为3∶2，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣吹入；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)混合熔渣的温度在1400～1550℃；
(b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，混合熔渣的温度升温至1560～1570℃，超出混合熔渣的设定温度1400～1550℃；采用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式，加入平均粒度为150μm的高炉烟尘粉状物料10kg，载入气体为氮气，混合熔渣温度为1496～1505℃；
对应(b)：混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，随空气喷入还 原剂-焦粉3kg，完成熔融还原过程，获得还原后的混合熔渣；
步骤3，分离回收：
采用方法二(1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法F：
将还原后的熔渣倒入内有含碳-硅质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐，渣罐内还原后的熔渣温度为1446℃，进行后处理；
还原后的熔渣后处理方法如下：
(1)将耐火喷枪插入还原后的熔渣中，喷入预热的空气2min，空气流量为30L/(min·kg)，空气预热温度为100℃，此时，还原后的熔渣温度为1478℃；
(2)冷却：喷吹气体结束后，将还原后的熔渣，自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(3)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁回收率95％；
(4)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.605％；
(5)尾矿的回收利用：作为磷肥使用。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，熔渣混合
    按质量比，高炉熔渣∶熔融钢渣＝100∶(1～1000)配料，加入保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，充分混合，制得混合熔渣；在混合过程中，混合熔渣中铁氧化物发生熔融还原反应，并将混合熔渣的温度控制在设定温度范围内；
    其中：
    设定温度范围为1350～1550℃；
    当反应装置采用保温装置时，混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1350～1550℃；
    当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时，混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1400～1550℃；
    控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法为：
    当混合熔渣的温度＜设定温度范围下限时，通过反应装置自身的加热功能，或向混合熔渣中加入燃料和/或熔融钢渣，进行热量补偿，使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内；
    当混合熔渣的温度＞设定温度范围上限时，向混合熔渣中加入固态含铁物料和/或高炉熔渣，进行降温，使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内；
    步骤2，喷吹气体进行熔融还原：
    (1)喷吹气体：向混合熔渣中，喷吹预热后的氧化性气体，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃，氧化性气体的喷吹时间与流量的关系为1～90L/(min·kg)；
    (2)控制还原与氧化过程：
    在喷吹气体过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
    (a)混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围内；
    (b)混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
    调控方法为：
    对应(a)：
    采用步骤1中的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法；
    对应(b)：
    当混合熔渣中还原性不足时，向混合熔渣中加入还原剂，使混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
    步骤3，分离回收：
    采用以下方法中的一种：
    方法一：当反应装置采用保温装置时，进行如下步骤：
    (1)冷却：将还原后的混合熔渣，冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
    (2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁；
    (3)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿；
    (4)尾矿的回收利用有2种：①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用；②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来；
    方法二：当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时，进行如下步骤：
    (1)还原后的混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；
    (2)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理；
    (3)铁水，送往转炉炼钢；
    其中，
    还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法A、方法B、方法C、方法D、方法E、方法F中的一种：
    方法A：还原后的熔渣空冷或水淬
    还原后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料；
    方法B：还原后的熔渣氧化后空冷或水淬
    (1)还原后的熔渣倒入可倾倒的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣氧化铁含量≥2wt％，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；
    其中，整个过程中，要保证(c)熔渣温度≥1450℃；
    对应(c)，
    采用的控制方法为：
    当温度低于＜1450℃，喷入预热燃料，燃烧放热，补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣温度在≥1450℃；
    (2)氧化后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料；
    方法C：还原后的熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料
    (1)还原后的熔渣倒入可倾倒的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，加入熔融转炉钢渣、电炉熔融还原钢渣、电炉熔融氧化钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰、碱性铁 贫矿、铝土矿、高炉熔渣中的一种或几种，充分混合，获得还原后的熔渣混合物料；
    (2)向还原后的熔渣混合物料中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣混合物料氧化铁含量≥2wt％，完成熔渣混合物料的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣混合物料，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；
    其中，整个过程中，要保证(d)熔渣混合物料温度≥1450℃；
    对应(d)，
    采用的控制方法为：
    当温度低于＜1450℃，喷入预热燃料，燃烧放热，补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣混合物料温度在≥1450℃；
    (3)氧化后的熔渣混合物料，进行空冷或水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料；
    方法D：部分或全部还原后的熔渣返回到混合熔渣
    部分或全部还原后的熔渣返回到混合熔渣，作为热态冶金熔剂，调整混合熔渣成分，控制混合熔渣温度、粘度；
    方法E；还原后的熔渣浇筑微晶玻璃或作为矿渣棉；
    方法F：还原后的熔渣再处理
    还原后的熔渣倒入保温装置中，按照步骤2的方法进行熔融还原，分离回收采用步骤3的方法一或方法二的方法A、方法D或方法E中的一种，进行处理。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中，所述的高炉熔渣为从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣，含有TiO2的质量分数≤4％，高炉熔渣的温度≥1300℃；所述的熔融钢渣为从转炉钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣、从电炉钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣中的一种或两种，熔融钢渣的温度≥1500℃。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的保温装置为可倾倒的保温装置和不可倾倒的保温装置；所述的不可倾倒的保温装置为保温地坑；所述的可倾倒的保温装置为保温渣罐；所述的可倾倒的熔炼反应装置为可倾倒的转炉、可倾倒的熔炼反应渣罐或感应炉；所述的固定式的熔炼反应装置为底部带有渣口或铁口的熔炼反应装置；所述的固定式的熔炼反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓风炉或反射炉。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置内层为含碳保温脱模耐火材料；所述的含碳保温脱模耐火材料是含碳复合耐火材料；具体为碳是碳素、石墨、石油沥青焦、冶金焦、沥青、无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤中的一种或几种，耐火材料是硅质、半硅质、粘土质、 高铝质、镁质、白云石质、橄榄石质、尖晶石质、冷态高炉渣、冷态钢渣中的一种或几种。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的燃料的预热温度为0～1200℃，熔融钢渣的温度为≥1500℃；燃料采用喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣，所述的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣或置于混合熔渣上部或侧面喷入燃料；
    所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的固态含铁物料为普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿直接还原铁、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、普通钢渣、高炉瓦斯灰、高炉烟尘、转炉烟尘、氧化铁皮、湿法炼锌过程的锌浸出渣、氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥、粉煤灰、铜渣、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的固态含铁物料是粉状物料或球状物料，其中，粉状物料的粒度是≤150μm；粉状物料以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣，载入气体为空气、氮气、氩气、氮气-氧气混合气、空气-氩气混合气或空气-氮气混合气；所述的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于熔渣上部或侧面吹入粉状物料。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2和步骤3中，所述的氧化性气体为空气、氧气、富氧空气、氧气-氮气混合气、空气-氮气混合气、氧气-氩气混合气、空气-氩气混合气中的一种或几种；采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于熔渣上部或侧面喷吹氧化性气体。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中，所述的还原剂是煤粉、焦粉、烟煤、无烟煤中的一种。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3，方法一(1)中，所述的冷却为自然冷却或旋转冷却；所述的旋转冷却，将装有还原后的混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上，旋转平台的旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定，旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3，方法一(2)中，所述的混合熔渣的金属铁回收率为90～95％；所述的方法F还原后的熔渣再处理中的方法一中，所述的混合熔渣的金属铁回收率为95～97％。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3，方法一(4)中，所述的湿法冶金是稀酸浸出法，其中，稀酸浸出法是无机酸浸、有机酸浸中的一种；所述的无机酸选用硫酸、盐酸、磷酸的一种或几种；有机酸选用草酸、乙酸、 柠檬酸中的一种或几种。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原回收及调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1和步骤3中，所述的燃料是煤粉，燃料的预热温度为0～1200℃。
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